Carol Johnson
Biographic Data
| ID | 3648980 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Carol Johnson |
| GIVEN NAMES | Carol |
| FAMILY NAME | Johnson |
| SIGNATURE | JOHNSON C |
| AFFILIATIONS | The University of Adelaide |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2860-7045 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 67 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 625 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 64 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 3 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1961 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Technology and L2 Grammar Instruction
Advances in technology have allowed the teaching of L2 grammar to evolve from a form‐focused pedagogy in the 1960s to interactive activities targeting grammar's use and meaning in authentic contexts. This entry traces the evolution of technology in grammar instruction through three stages of CALL. Early phases emphasized drills and form (Structural CALL), followed by efforts to integrate meaning and use through communicative approaches (Communica…
Automated Assessment of L2 Speaking and Pronunciation
Advances in speech technology have enabled the automated scoring of second language (L2) speaking and pronunciation assessments. This article traces the historical development of automated scoring, beginning with constrained tasks, which remain central to tests like Versant, and moving toward test formats that elicit more spontaneous speech, such as TOEFL iBT, Duolingo English Test, and Linguaskill. These developments reflect different approaches…
Neoliberalism and social democracy in the twenty-first century
This article argues that the Albanese government has made some serious attempts to address problems exacerbated by Australian Labor’s past embrace of (watered-down) neoliberalism. The government’s efforts to improve the income of low-paid women workers, whose wages were detrimentally impacted by the Keating government’s embrace of enterprise bargaining, are one example. Nonetheless, Labor’s economic agenda is still a work in progress. The legacie…
Mobilising LGBTIQA+ issues in Australian Liberal/National Party politics
Teaching and Evaluating Music Performance at University
Is Gold Dust to My Mind’
The involvement of people with lived experience (service participants) is mandatory within UK social work education, although the form this takes varies significantly between organisations. This article outlines the final phase of a two-year research project focused on understanding the mechanisms which support and develop the meaningful and sustainable involvement of people with lived experience in social work education within a Higher Education…
China really is impacting Australian elections (and has been for some time)
Australian federal elections are being increasingly impacted by our relationship
What Covid-19 revealed about gender equality policy framing
COVID-19 has shone a spotlight on many areas of inequality. Despite its public commitment to gender equality, Australia's Morrison government has been accused of implementing economic stimulus policies in response to the pandemic that are often 'gender blind' and disadvantage women. This article examines both the Morrison government's gender equality policies and key criticisms of its economic measures. It argues that the government's claimed 'ge…
Feeling protected
This article emphasises the role that political leaders’ discourse plays in evoking positive emotions among citizens in uncertain times, such as feeling protected, secure and proud in addition to the leaders’ (often interconnected) role of encouraging negative feelings such as fear, resentment and anger. The article argues that such discourse frequently involves performances of gendered leadership. It cites examples from a range of countries to i…
‘The Golden Country
Tim Watts' book takes its title from historical fears that Australia would become a racially blended 'Golden Australia' rather than a bastion of whiteness.However, Watts is delighted that Australia's future as a Golden Country is 'nearly upon us'.While Watts' own ancestors were early European migrants, his wife is Hong Kong Chinese Australian and his children's combined European and Sino heritage is one of the reasons Watts has written this book.…
Bridging distance
Makerspaces are locations where people with common interests can work on projects, share ideas, tools and expertise to make or create. There is an abundance of “how to” guides and research studies on physical makerspaces, little research focuses on describing the virtual making processes and the experiences therein. This qualitative study explores the experiences of seven participants who engaged in a synchronous virtual makerspace. Meeting once …
Gender and Political Leadership in a Time of Covid
The COVID-19 pandemic has undermined the division between the private sphere of the home and the public sphere of politics that has traditionally disadvantaged women political leaders. Whereas male political leaders historically drew on their traditional role as the male head of household to display forms of masculine protectionism toward citizens, women leaders are now able to draw on their traditional motherly role—for example, as the member of…
Social Democracy and the Crisis of Equality
The 2019 Australian election
Opinion polls suggested that Australia’s Coalition (Liberal and National Party) government was likely to be replaced by a Labor government at the 2019 election. However, in fact the government was returned. Key issues in the 2019 election centred around managing the economy, including levels of taxation and issues of inequality; around spending on government services such as health and education; and around issues of climate change. There were el…
Comparing Same-Sex Marriage in Australia and Canada
This article explores why there have been such different trajectories in regard to same-sex marriage in Australia and Canada. Canada was one of the first countries to introduce same-sex marriage (in 2005) and, at time of writing, Australia still had not done so.1The comparison is particularly interesting given that Australia and Canada have relatively similar political institutions except that Australia has no Charter of Rights. Miriam Smith has …
"The Australian Right in the "Asian Century
This article is part of a special issue analysing conservative governments in the Asia Pacific. It analyses the policy discourse of Australian right-wing governments, exploring how such governments have combined neo-liberal economic policies with social conservatism, populism, cultural nationalism and forms of authoritarianism and the resulting response of social democratic political parties. As a predominantly western country situated in the Asi…
Sexual citizenship in a comparative perspective
In this article, the author explores some of the key dilemmas that are involved in attempts to apply concepts such as ‘sexual citizenship’ in a cross-cultural perspective, with particular focus on Australia and other countries in the Asia-Pacific region. The concept of sexual citizenship can usefully be applied to gay and lesbian rights issues in Australia relatively easily. However, it is not quite so easy to apply this concept to some of Austra…
Conclusion
This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the concepts discussed in the preceding chapters of this book. The book underlines how radical transformations of the state or even political ruptures may create new opportunities for lesbian and gay activists. The lesbian and gay movement may also alter state institutions, as illustrated by the introduction of new institutions, agencies or special committees dealing with these issues. These bodie…
Australia
This chapter considers the historical, political, legal and institutional context that has framed the work of the LGBTI movement in Australia. It argues that the political, legal and institutional context had a significant influence on the strategies pursued by the Australian LGBTI movement, including how the movement framed demands and the sites at which it engaged in struggle. While progress at the federal level may have temporarily stalled dur…
The Lesbian and Gay Movement and the State
By analyzing the relationship between lesbian and gay movements and the state, this ground-breaking book addresses two interconnected issues: to what extent is the lesbian and gay movement influenced by the state and, to a lesser extent, whether the lesbian and gay movement has somehow influenced the state, for instance by altering forms of sexual regulation. Given the diversity in national trajectories, this book covers fifteen countries. This e…
Diversity in Leadership
Diversity in Leadership: Australian women, past and present provides a new understanding of the historical and contemporary aspects of Indigenous and non-Indigenous women’s leadership in a range of local, national and international contexts
Australia, the Asia-Pacific and the social sciences
In 2013, Australia's Abbott Liberal government announced a 'New Colombo Plan', which supports Australian undergraduates to visit selected Asian countries to study, research or undertake internships, mentorships and practicums. One year earlier, the Gillard Labor government had released a White Paper, Australia in the Asian Century, which emphasised the importance of developing an education system that encourages Australians to be ' Asia-literate'…
Sexual Minorities and Sexual Citizenship
Abbott's Gambit
This book provides a truly comprehensive analysis of the 2013 federal election in Australia, which brought the conservative Abbott government to power, consigned the fractious Labor Party to the Opposition benches and ended the ‘hung parliament’ experiment of 2010–13 in which the Greens and three independents lent their support to form a minority Labor government. It charts
Women, gender and feminism in the Australian Journal of Political Science
This review article, written for the fiftieth anniversary of the Australian Journal of Political Science (formerly Politics), analyses articles focusing on women, gender and feminism that were published in the journal. The analysis demonstrates that the study of gender is relevant to a broad range of fields, and methodological approaches used, in political science. It also demonstrates that political science knowledge is itself historically and s…
Against the current—stemming the tide
Since the 1980s, a growing number of radical right‐wing populist parties have managed to establish themselves permanently in the party systems of advanced liberal capitalist democracies. Initially dismissed as ephemeral reflections of a general debasement of politics in recent years, they represent today one of the most serious challenges to liberal democracy in Western Europe and elsewhere. Unlike the traditional postwar radical right, the conte…
Gender and Political Leadership in a Time of Covid
The COVID-19 pandemic has undermined the division between the private sphere of the home and the public sphere of politics that has traditionally disadvantaged women political leaders. Whereas male political leaders historically drew on their traditional role as the male head of household to display forms of masculine protectionism toward citizens, women leaders are now able to draw on their traditional motherly role—for example, as the member of…
John Howard's ‘Values’ and Australian Identity
This article analyses John Howard's arguments on the relationship between 'values' and 'national identity'. Some key arguments were prefigured before he became Prime Minister, when he promised not to politicise national identity. More recent arguments influenced debates over foreign policy, counter terrorism measures, industrial relations policy and the banning of same-sex marriage. In particular, the article explores the relationship between How…
The Lesbian and Gay Movement and the State
By analyzing the relationship between lesbian and gay movements and the state, this ground-breaking book addresses two interconnected issues: to what extent is the lesbian and gay movement influenced by the state and, to a lesser extent, whether the lesbian and gay movement has somehow influenced the state, for instance by altering forms of sexual regulation. Given the diversity in national trajectories, this book covers fifteen countries. This e…
Heteronormative Citizenship and the Politics of Passing
This article argues that, despite more ostensibly `out' politicians and better anti-discrimination measures, strange forms of `passing' are still taking place in public life. Heterosexual constructions of citzenship are still being privileged. The analysis uses British, Australian and US examples to draw out the implications of these forms of `passing' for issues of citizen identity, policy and public behaviour. The article concludes by suggestin…
The politics of affective citizenship
Politicians have long mobilised emotion in order to gain voters' support. However, this article argues that the politics of affect is also implicated in how citizens' identities, rights and entitlements are constructed. Examples are drawn from the positions of UK, US, Canadian and Australian politicians, including Tony Blair, David Cameron, Kevin Rudd and Barack Obama. Emotions analysed include love, fear, anxiety, empathy and hope. The article a…
The dilemmas of ethnic privilege
There has been considerable political debate regarding the construction of `British' and `English' identity. This article examines the views of British political leaders Blair, Hague and Duncan Smith. It argues that a comparison with Australian political debates over the construction of `Anglo-Celtic' and national identity can be particularly helpful. The Australian experience draws attention to the need to consider diasporic constructions of `Br…
Playing the Gender Card
Former Australian Labor Prime Minister Julia Gillard was accused of unfairly playing the gender card against then Opposition Leader Tony Abbott in her accusations of sexism and misogyny. It was also claimed that she had thereby initiated the first “gender war” in Australian politics. Analyzing Australian politicians’ discursive mobilizations of gender during the Gillard period provides useful insights that are relevant to the broader internationa…
From Obama to Abbott
This article analyses how politicians' use of emotion is gendered. Key Australian, US and UK politicians studied include Obama, George W. Bush, Hillary Clinton, Cameron, Rudd, Abbott and Gillard. Emotions analysed range from fear to compassion. A particular focus is placed on issues of masculinity; however, the implications for constructions of both femininity and masculinity will be considered, including arguments that female politicians face pa…
Heteronormative Citizenship
This article analyses recent federal debates regarding gay and lesbian issues, focusing on the Howard government, and drawing attention to the arguably heteronormative nature of many politicians' views. Policy issues analysed include assisted reproductive technology, superannuation rights and censorship. Reference is also made to the Justice Kirby controversy. The article explores the way in which heteronormative arguments not only construct hete…
The third influence
English Accounts of British Labour’s ‘third way’ tend to leave out an important antecedent for Blair’s ‘new’ politics – the Australian Labor governments of 1983–96. In this article, we argue that labour governments in Australia and Britain have pursued similar strategies for melding neoliberalism with social democracy. Key failures of Australian Labor are instructive for thinking about the future of the New Labour project, while the progressive f…
The Social Sciences in the Asian Century
A key focus of this book is the importance of intellectual engagement with Asia. Particular emphasis is placed on the new theoretical and practical insights that can be gained by doing so that are relevant to a range of social scientists, regardless of their regional specialisation. In that context, the performance of the Chinese economy in the past 30 years provides a smorgasbord of food for thought (and rethought) about the role of the state in…
Narratives of identity
Hard Heads and Soft Hearts
Various Australian politicians have argued for the need to combine ‘hard heads and soft hearts’ in politics. Unfortunately, this article argues that that recognition is not yet fully accepted in Australian political science. While there has been a significant progress, both in terms of the number of senior women in the discipline and the gender content of Australian political science, problems still remain. Unfortunately, some of the issues are s…
Fixing the meaning of marriage
This article explores the ways in which politicians use same-sex marriage as a sign that both conveys a wide range of meanings to the electorate and implicates the construction of particular citizen identities. Politicians’ views discussed range from those of Tony Abbott and Julia Gillard to George W. Bush and Barack Obama. By analysing the ways in which heteronormative signs are contested, the article questions whether measures such as same-sex …
The Social Sciences in the Asian Century
In this collection of essays, we reflect on what it means to practise the social sciences in the twenty-first century. The book brings together leading social scientists from the Asia-Pacific region. We argue for the benefit of dialogue between the diverse theories and methods of social sciences in the region, the role of the social sciences in addressing real-world problems, the need to transcend national boundaries in addressing regional proble…
Australia's Ambivalent Re-imagining of Asia
This article argues that 'Asia' has tended to function as an ambivalent 'sign' in Australian political discourse, signifying both fear and hope. That ambivalence is reflected in Australian government policy. The article focuses on the period from Gough Whitlam on, tracing the links between debates over Australian relations with Asia and key issues in Australian domestic politics, including debates over immigration, the economy and Australian nati…
Celebrities, Culture and Cyberspace
Does capitalism really need patriarchy
Comparing Same-Sex Marriage in Australia and Canada
This article explores why there have been such different trajectories in regard to same-sex marriage in Australia and Canada. Canada was one of the first countries to introduce same-sex marriage (in 2005) and, at time of writing, Australia still had not done so.1The comparison is particularly interesting given that Australia and Canada have relatively similar political institutions except that Australia has no Charter of Rights. Miriam Smith has …
Fightbackand masculine identity
Feeling protected
This article emphasises the role that political leaders’ discourse plays in evoking positive emotions among citizens in uncertain times, such as feeling protected, secure and proud in addition to the leaders’ (often interconnected) role of encouraging negative feelings such as fear, resentment and anger. The article argues that such discourse frequently involves performances of gendered leadership. It cites examples from a range of countries to i…
Mark Latham and the ideology of the ALP
This article focuses on Mark Latham's views on equality. Latham's emphasis on education and on overcoming suburban, spatial inequality draws on the Whitlamite tradition. However, his work also draws on neoliberal influences and on arguments regarding the impact of the information economy. Both these influences have contributed to a move away from more traditional Labor and social‐democratic views on class, racial and gender inequality. This artic…
The 2019 Australian election
Opinion polls suggested that Australia’s Coalition (Liberal and National Party) government was likely to be replaced by a Labor government at the 2019 election. However, in fact the government was returned. Key issues in the 2019 election centred around managing the economy, including levels of taxation and issues of inequality; around spending on government services such as health and education; and around issues of climate change. There were el…
Negotiating the Politics of Inclusion
The Hawke and Keating Labor governments have tended to practise a politics of inclusion in which women, along with other social groups, are seen to have an important part to play in building the new, internationally competitive Australian economy of the twenty-first century, Australian politics have therefore had a very different nature from that of the more exclusionary politics practised by British Conservative governments. While the politics o…
Selected Bibliography
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Selected Bibliography Africa and International Organization
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Selected Bibliography
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Conferences of Independent African States
The First Conference of Independent African States, attended by representatives of the independent states of western and northern Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Liberia, Libya, Morocco, the Sudan, Tunisia, and the United Arab Republic), was held in Accra, Ghana, from April 15 to 22, 1958. The purpose of the conference was: 1) to discuss problems of common interest; 2) to formulate and coordinate methods aimed at accelerating mutual understanding; 3) to…
The Problem of Reformism and Marx’s Theory of Fetishism
The aim of this article is to explore the relationship between two apparently contradictory elements in Marx’s thought; namely, his belief that proletarian revolutionary consciousness will develop in a relatively straightforward way under capitalism, and his argument, in his later economic writings, that the fetishised nature of capitalist
Philosophy and Revolution in the Young Marx
Social Harmony and Australian Labor
Is it worth salvaging the socialism in socialist feminism
1988). Is it worth salvaging the socialism in socialist feminism? Australian Feminist Studies: Vol. 3, No. 7-8, pp. 187-191
A reply to Edna Ryan
A reply to Maddox and Battin
Panoramas of Duluth, Minnesota
In 1871 four panoramas of Duluth, Minnesota, were submitted to the Library of Congress in Washington as part of the registration requirement for copyright. These photographs are the earliest vintage panoramas of Duluth in the Library's collections. They were taken a few months after the completion of the Lake Superior and Mississippi Railroad, which was responsible for the growth and development of Duluth and which probably influenced Caswell & D…
Applying Habermas to Australian political culture
This article seeks to explore some problems in Jurgen Habermas's account of political norms and values in Western society. Using examples from Australian political discourse, it is argued that Habermas has neglected to analyse some of the ways in which political consensus can be generated in Western society. In particular, he has failed to acknowledge adequately the role played by liberal norms and values in attempts to reconcile conflicts betwee…
Fightbackand masculine identity
Does capitalism really need patriarchy
The Laws of Improvisation, or the Nuptial Destruction of Jazz
Negotiating the Politics of Inclusion
The Hawke and Keating Labor governments have tended to practise a politics of inclusion in which women, along with other social groups, are seen to have an important part to play in building the new, internationally competitive Australian economy of the twenty-first century, Australian politics have therefore had a very different nature from that of the more exclusionary politics practised by British Conservative governments. While the politics o…
The Politics of Identity in Australia
Issues of identity are central to many historical and current debates in Australia. This superb collection of essays represents a significant rethinking of received ideas on identity, and reveals how issues of identity lie at the heart of Australian political thought, and form the foundation of Australian society and culture. It provides a comprehensive introduction to the political discourse surrounding Australian identity through key themes inc…
Visiting the Margins
“Visiting the Margins: Revenge, Transgression or Incorporation — An Australian engagement with theories of identity” Carol Johnson (bio) This article was initially inspired by the dilemmas that arise when, as an Australian political theorist, I attempt to apply selected North American or British theories of identity to Australian examples. Those theories can be both surprisingly applicable and frustratingly inappropriate. Yet, Australian examples…
Increasing Student Achievement
Urban school reform is only effective to the degree to which change occurs in the classroom. Oak Park Schools implemented the Sixteen-step Strategic Planning Process designed to improve school performance and increase student achievement. This paper presents a case study of how the school district used feedback on student achievement patterns to frame a process of reflection and subsequent action to improve performance. The qualitative analysis o…
Celebrities, Culture and Cyberspace
The third influence
English Accounts of British Labour’s ‘third way’ tend to leave out an important antecedent for Blair’s ‘new’ politics – the Australian Labor governments of 1983–96. In this article, we argue that labour governments in Australia and Britain have pursued similar strategies for melding neoliberalism with social democracy. Key failures of Australian Labor are instructive for thinking about the future of the New Labour project, while the progressive f…
The dilemmas of ethnic privilege
There has been considerable political debate regarding the construction of `British' and `English' identity. This article examines the views of British political leaders Blair, Hague and Duncan Smith. It argues that a comparison with Australian political debates over the construction of `Anglo-Celtic' and national identity can be particularly helpful. The Australian experience draws attention to the need to consider diasporic constructions of `Br…
Heteronormative Citizenship and the Politics of Passing
This article argues that, despite more ostensibly `out' politicians and better anti-discrimination measures, strange forms of `passing' are still taking place in public life. Heterosexual constructions of citzenship are still being privileged. The analysis uses British, Australian and US examples to draw out the implications of these forms of `passing' for issues of citizen identity, policy and public behaviour. The article concludes by suggestin…
Heteronormative Citizenship
This article analyses recent federal debates regarding gay and lesbian issues, focusing on the Howard government, and drawing attention to the arguably heteronormative nature of many politicians' views. Policy issues analysed include assisted reproductive technology, superannuation rights and censorship. Reference is also made to the Justice Kirby controversy. The article explores the way in which heteronormative arguments not only construct hete…
Against the current—stemming the tide
Since the 1980s, a growing number of radical right‐wing populist parties have managed to establish themselves permanently in the party systems of advanced liberal capitalist democracies. Initially dismissed as ephemeral reflections of a general debasement of politics in recent years, they represent today one of the most serious challenges to liberal democracy in Western Europe and elsewhere. Unlike the traditional postwar radical right, the conte…
Political science (53 works) · Sociology (47 works) · Law (42 works) · Politics (36 works) · Law (31 works) · Gender Studies (23 works) · Political economy (22 works) · Gender Studies (20 works) · Australian History and Society (19 works) · Gender Politics and Representation (17 works)