Elizabeth R Valentine
Biographic Data
| ID | 3655693 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Elizabeth R Valentine |
| GIVEN NAMES | Elizabeth R |
| FAMILY NAME | Valentine |
| SIGNATURE | VALENTINE E R |
| AFFILIATIONS | Royal Holloway University of London |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 20 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 6 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 19 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1975 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2014 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Mind Maps
Spooks and spoofs
This article describes the relations between academic psychology and psychical research in Britain during the inter-war period, in the context of the fluid boundaries between mainstream psychology and both psychical research and popular psychology. Specifically, the involvement with Harry Price of six senior academic psychologists: William McDougall, William Brown, J. C. Flugel, Cyril Burt, C. Alec Mace and Francis Aveling, is described. Personal…
A brilliant and many-sided personality
This paper outlines the life and career of Jessie Margaret Murray, the moving spirit behind the foundation of the Medico-Psychological Clinic, the first public clinic in Britain to offer psychoanalytic therapy and training in psychoanalysis. Biographical details of Murray and her close friend and collaborator, Julia Turner, are presented, and possible routes by which the two women may have met are explored. Murray's role in the suffragist movemen…
Identifying the Mind
This is the one and only book by the pioneer of the identity theory of mind. The collection focuses on Place’s philosophy of mind and his contributions to neighboring issues in metaphysics and epistemology. It includes an autobiographical essay as well as a recent paper on the function and neural location of consciousness.
Beatrice Edgell
Beatrice Edgell's contribution to the development of psychology is assessed. Edgell was Head of the Department of Philosophy and Psychology at Bedford College, London, from 1898 to 1933. She did much to develop the status of psychology within the College and the University, and established one of the first psychological laboratories in Britain. She was the first British woman to gain a doctorate in psychology, the first woman Professor of Psychol…
The effects of solo singing, choral singing and swimming on mood and physiological indices
The effects of solo singing, choral singing and swimming on mood and physiological indices were compared. Engaging in these activities reduced tense arousal and increased energetic arousal, positive hedonic tone and heart rate. Effects were greater for swimming than for singing, with little difference between choral and solo singing. Possible mechanisms and the implications for mental well‐being are discussed
Quantity and quality of musical practice as predictors of performance quality
Twenty-two pianists, classified into four levels of skill, were asked to learn and memorize an assigned composition by J. S. Bach (different for each level). All practice was recorded on cassette tape. At the end of the learning process, the pianists performed their composition in a recital setting. The resulting performances were evaluated by three experienced piano teachers. From the cassette tapes, values for the quantity of practice were obta…
Meditation and attention
The performance of concentrative and mindfulness meditators on a test of sustained attention (Wilkins' counting test) was compared with controls. Both groups of meditators demonstrated superior performance on the test of sustained attention in comparison with controls, and long-term meditators were superior to short-term meditators. Mindfulness meditators showed superior performance in comparison with concentrative meditators when the stimulus wa…
The founding of the Psychological Laboratory, University College London
The events leading up to the founding of the Psychological Laboratory at University College London are examined in the light of correspondence from James Sully to Francis Galton. The correspondence reveals the dependence of Sully on Galton for detailed advice at every stage of the process, possible reasons for which are discussed. It also provides sufficient clues to enable identification of a hitherto anonymous donor. Although Galton may have in…
The founding of the Psychological Laboratory, University College London
The possibility of a science of experience
This paper addresses some of the chief conceptual problems associated with the study of conscious experience. (1) Conceptual confusion and lack of clarity of the term ‘consciousness’ itself, including doubts as to whether it constitutes a natural kind, and confusion between different types. (2) Privacy: the claim that conscious experience cannot be studied scientifically on account of its subjectivity. The distinction between subjective and objec…
The Effect of Concurrent Music on Autobiographical Recall in Dementia Clients
Twenty dementia clients were given vigilance and autobiographical recall tasks, both with and without background music in a repeated measures design. The music was either novel or familiar, the pieces being matched on three affective scales. Autobiographical recall was significantly better in music than in quiet, but there was no effect of familiarity. Performance on the vigilance task was subject to both floor and ceiling effects. There was some…
Musical responsiveness and blocked capacity for intimacy
The hypothesis that music serves a compensatory emotional need, specifically that blocked capacity for intimacy would predict musical responsiveness, was examined in musicians and psychologists. Music and psychology students completed a musical preference scale and measures of personal relationships and capacity for intimacy. Degree of musical responsiveness was significantly related to a blocked capacity for intimacy in music students but these …
Memory champions
The seven contestants at the first World Memory Championships and three other subjects showing outstanding memory performance were administered a battery of memory tasks used in previous studies of superior memory performance. Evidence for both all‐round and more specific patterns of superior performance was found. The role of mnemonic techniques in relation to different types of task is discussed but evidence was also found for ‘natural’ superio…
Mnemonic wizardry with the telephone directory – But stories are another story
Results are reported from a study of a man (TM) who possesses exceptional memory abilities, which he demonstrates in a public performance. The same tests were given to him as have been used on a number of previous subjects with superior memory. He performed exceptionally well on recall of a word list, telephone numbers, names to faces and the spatial positions of pictures and on recognition of pictures of snow crystals, but was very poor at recal…
William James's The Principles of Psychology
Selected topics from The Principles of Psychology are evaluated in the light of current psychological knowledge. It is argued that James's main contribution lies in his acute observation of experience, resulting in the framing of searching questions about fundamental problems, and that many of his insights have inspired recent work. This is illustrated with reference to his chapters on the will, attention and emotion. The main advances since his …
Relations Between Reading and Musical Abilities
S ummary . In two studies, groups of children with a wide range of reading ability and including a high proportion of poor readers were given Bentley's musical ability battery. Scores on tonal memory and chord analysis were related significantly to reading age with chronological age and IQ partialled out. The implications of these findings for views about component skills involved in reading and listening to music are discussed
One man's memory for prose, faces and names
Further studies are reported of a mnemonist, T.E., in which his memory for a story, faces and names for faces was studied. He scored at a high level on these tasks compared with control subjects, through the use of mnemonics, usually involving imagery. He scored highly on a test of imaginal thinking but not on verbal thinking
One man's memory
This paper reports a systematic study of a man (T.E.) with astonishing mnemonic skills. After a brief description of his most favoured mnemonic technique, the ‘figure alphabet’, his performance and the mnemonic techniques used on five classical memory tasks are described. These are: one task involving both short‐ and long‐term memory (the Atkinson‐Shiffrin ‘keeping track’ task), two tasks involving just long‐term memory (recall of number matrices…
Performance on Two Reasoning Tasks in Relation to Intelligence, Divergence and Interference Proneness
S ummary . In this study performance on reasoning tasks commonly used in psychological experiments was compared with scores on tests of convergent and divergent thinking. The relations between performance on a deductive and an inductive task, and scores on the AH5, Uses of Objects and Stroop tests were investigated in 38 first‐year undergraduates. The results showed a positive correlation between performance on the deductive task and AH5 scores, …
Spooks and spoofs
This article describes the relations between academic psychology and psychical research in Britain during the inter-war period, in the context of the fluid boundaries between mainstream psychology and both psychical research and popular psychology. Specifically, the involvement with Harry Price of six senior academic psychologists: William McDougall, William Brown, J. C. Flugel, Cyril Burt, C. Alec Mace and Francis Aveling, is described. Personal…
The effects of solo singing, choral singing and swimming on mood and physiological indices
The effects of solo singing, choral singing and swimming on mood and physiological indices were compared. Engaging in these activities reduced tense arousal and increased energetic arousal, positive hedonic tone and heart rate. Effects were greater for swimming than for singing, with little difference between choral and solo singing. Possible mechanisms and the implications for mental well‐being are discussed
Quantity and quality of musical practice as predictors of performance quality
Twenty-two pianists, classified into four levels of skill, were asked to learn and memorize an assigned composition by J. S. Bach (different for each level). All practice was recorded on cassette tape. At the end of the learning process, the pianists performed their composition in a recital setting. The resulting performances were evaluated by three experienced piano teachers. From the cassette tapes, values for the quantity of practice were obta…
One man's memory
This paper reports a systematic study of a man (T.E.) with astonishing mnemonic skills. After a brief description of his most favoured mnemonic technique, the ‘figure alphabet’, his performance and the mnemonic techniques used on five classical memory tasks are described. These are: one task involving both short‐ and long‐term memory (the Atkinson‐Shiffrin ‘keeping track’ task), two tasks involving just long‐term memory (recall of number matrices…
Performance on Two Reasoning Tasks in Relation to Intelligence, Divergence and Interference Proneness
S ummary . In this study performance on reasoning tasks commonly used in psychological experiments was compared with scores on tests of convergent and divergent thinking. The relations between performance on a deductive and an inductive task, and scores on the AH5, Uses of Objects and Stroop tests were investigated in 38 first‐year undergraduates. The results showed a positive correlation between performance on the deductive task and AH5 scores, …
One man's memory
This paper reports a systematic study of a man (T.E.) with astonishing mnemonic skills. After a brief description of his most favoured mnemonic technique, the ‘figure alphabet’, his performance and the mnemonic techniques used on five classical memory tasks are described. These are: one task involving both short‐ and long‐term memory (the Atkinson‐Shiffrin ‘keeping track’ task), two tasks involving just long‐term memory (recall of number matrices…
One man's memory for prose, faces and names
Further studies are reported of a mnemonist, T.E., in which his memory for a story, faces and names for faces was studied. He scored at a high level on these tasks compared with control subjects, through the use of mnemonics, usually involving imagery. He scored highly on a test of imaginal thinking but not on verbal thinking
Relations Between Reading and Musical Abilities
S ummary . In two studies, groups of children with a wide range of reading ability and including a high proportion of poor readers were given Bentley's musical ability battery. Scores on tonal memory and chord analysis were related significantly to reading age with chronological age and IQ partialled out. The implications of these findings for views about component skills involved in reading and listening to music are discussed
William James's The Principles of Psychology
Selected topics from The Principles of Psychology are evaluated in the light of current psychological knowledge. It is argued that James's main contribution lies in his acute observation of experience, resulting in the framing of searching questions about fundamental problems, and that many of his insights have inspired recent work. This is illustrated with reference to his chapters on the will, attention and emotion. The main advances since his …
Memory champions
The seven contestants at the first World Memory Championships and three other subjects showing outstanding memory performance were administered a battery of memory tasks used in previous studies of superior memory performance. Evidence for both all‐round and more specific patterns of superior performance was found. The role of mnemonic techniques in relation to different types of task is discussed but evidence was also found for ‘natural’ superio…
Mnemonic wizardry with the telephone directory – But stories are another story
Results are reported from a study of a man (TM) who possesses exceptional memory abilities, which he demonstrates in a public performance. The same tests were given to him as have been used on a number of previous subjects with superior memory. He performed exceptionally well on recall of a word list, telephone numbers, names to faces and the spatial positions of pictures and on recognition of pictures of snow crystals, but was very poor at recal…
Musical responsiveness and blocked capacity for intimacy
The hypothesis that music serves a compensatory emotional need, specifically that blocked capacity for intimacy would predict musical responsiveness, was examined in musicians and psychologists. Music and psychology students completed a musical preference scale and measures of personal relationships and capacity for intimacy. Degree of musical responsiveness was significantly related to a blocked capacity for intimacy in music students but these …
The Effect of Concurrent Music on Autobiographical Recall in Dementia Clients
Twenty dementia clients were given vigilance and autobiographical recall tasks, both with and without background music in a repeated measures design. The music was either novel or familiar, the pieces being matched on three affective scales. Autobiographical recall was significantly better in music than in quiet, but there was no effect of familiarity. Performance on the vigilance task was subject to both floor and ceiling effects. There was some…
Meditation and attention
The performance of concentrative and mindfulness meditators on a test of sustained attention (Wilkins' counting test) was compared with controls. Both groups of meditators demonstrated superior performance on the test of sustained attention in comparison with controls, and long-term meditators were superior to short-term meditators. Mindfulness meditators showed superior performance in comparison with concentrative meditators when the stimulus wa…
The founding of the Psychological Laboratory, University College London
The events leading up to the founding of the Psychological Laboratory at University College London are examined in the light of correspondence from James Sully to Francis Galton. The correspondence reveals the dependence of Sully on Galton for detailed advice at every stage of the process, possible reasons for which are discussed. It also provides sufficient clues to enable identification of a hitherto anonymous donor. Although Galton may have in…
The founding of the Psychological Laboratory, University College London
The possibility of a science of experience
This paper addresses some of the chief conceptual problems associated with the study of conscious experience. (1) Conceptual confusion and lack of clarity of the term ‘consciousness’ itself, including doubts as to whether it constitutes a natural kind, and confusion between different types. (2) Privacy: the claim that conscious experience cannot be studied scientifically on account of its subjectivity. The distinction between subjective and objec…
Quantity and quality of musical practice as predictors of performance quality
Twenty-two pianists, classified into four levels of skill, were asked to learn and memorize an assigned composition by J. S. Bach (different for each level). All practice was recorded on cassette tape. At the end of the learning process, the pianists performed their composition in a recital setting. The resulting performances were evaluated by three experienced piano teachers. From the cassette tapes, values for the quantity of practice were obta…
Beatrice Edgell
Beatrice Edgell's contribution to the development of psychology is assessed. Edgell was Head of the Department of Philosophy and Psychology at Bedford College, London, from 1898 to 1933. She did much to develop the status of psychology within the College and the University, and established one of the first psychological laboratories in Britain. She was the first British woman to gain a doctorate in psychology, the first woman Professor of Psychol…
The effects of solo singing, choral singing and swimming on mood and physiological indices
The effects of solo singing, choral singing and swimming on mood and physiological indices were compared. Engaging in these activities reduced tense arousal and increased energetic arousal, positive hedonic tone and heart rate. Effects were greater for swimming than for singing, with little difference between choral and solo singing. Possible mechanisms and the implications for mental well‐being are discussed
Identifying the Mind
This is the one and only book by the pioneer of the identity theory of mind. The collection focuses on Place’s philosophy of mind and his contributions to neighboring issues in metaphysics and epistemology. It includes an autobiographical essay as well as a recent paper on the function and neural location of consciousness.
A brilliant and many-sided personality
This paper outlines the life and career of Jessie Margaret Murray, the moving spirit behind the foundation of the Medico-Psychological Clinic, the first public clinic in Britain to offer psychoanalytic therapy and training in psychoanalysis. Biographical details of Murray and her close friend and collaborator, Julia Turner, are presented, and possible routes by which the two women may have met are explored. Murray's role in the suffragist movemen…
Spooks and spoofs
This article describes the relations between academic psychology and psychical research in Britain during the inter-war period, in the context of the fluid boundaries between mainstream psychology and both psychical research and popular psychology. Specifically, the involvement with Harry Price of six senior academic psychologists: William McDougall, William Brown, J. C. Flugel, Cyril Burt, C. Alec Mace and Francis Aveling, is described. Personal…
Mind Maps
Psychology (19 works) · Cognitive psychology (12 works) · Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology (7 works) · Psychoanalysis (6 works) · Cognition (5 works) · Epistemology (5 works) · History (5 works) · Social Psychology (5 works) · Computer Science (4 works) · Diverse Music Education Insights (4 works)