Deirdre Oakley
Biographic Data
| ID | 3686366 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Deirdre Oakley |
| GIVEN NAMES | Deirdre |
| FAMILY NAME | Oakley |
| SIGNATURE | OAKLEY D |
| AFFILIATIONS | Georgia State University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 42 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 319 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 42 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1973 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
Diversions from policing as usual
Encouraging a Spatial Perspective in Third Sector Studies
Geographic space or location is an important aspect of many research topics in the third sector. Methodological advances have made it possible for scholars to better identify, assess, and account for the spatial aspects of their data. Such advances include Geographic Information System descriptive mapping of items such as density and location, Explorative Spatial Data Analysis, and Spatial Regression Analysis. This paper reviews a range of third-…
Black Mecca Dilemmas
This introductory article situates the papers in our special issue within the broader framework of the contradictory yet important concept of the Black Mecca. Broadly defined, a city or place considered a Black Mecca is characterized as one with a dominant Black constituency that is influential in the local social, cultural, economic, and political realms. Some of these spaces are economically poor but remain epicenters of cultural innovation. Ot…
Diverging space for deviants
Empowerment, Urban
The phrase “urban empowerment” has many different interpretations. For some, it's about empowering poor communities by building both public participation and sustainability from the ground up. For others, it's about inclusive urban planning and broad grassroots efforts. In the US context, if there is a common thread that runs through the period since the end of World War II, urban empowerment has more to do with coopting such efforts to policies …
Trespassers? Asian Americans and the battle for suburbia , by Willow S. Lung-Amam
Using a rich array of archival data and 131 in-depth interviews, Trespassers? explores the history and present-day realities of Asians settling in one of the suburbs of Silicon Valley. Through “sho
It Was Love in All the Buildings They Tore Down”
About 16,000 families residing in Chicago's public housing have been relocated over the last two decades through the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's Housing Opportunities for People Everywhere (HOPE VI) redevelopment initiative. We situate this paper within a larger conversation about the presence and utilization of community ties within public housing despite the territorial stigmatization of traditional public housing. Utiliz…
Court Orders, White Flight, and School District Segregation, 1970–2010
American public schools experienced a substantial reduction of black-white segregation after the Supreme Court ordered the immediate desegregation of Mississippi schools in 1969. Past research has shown that progress slowed by the 1990s, with some arguing that segregation actually began to rebound. This study is the first to examine enrollment data for each decade between 1970 and 2010 for a comprehensive set of districts across the country and a…
The Contradictory Logics of Public–Private Place–making and Spatial Justice
Slum‐Lording for Profit
Black lives and policing
President Lyndon Johnson's appointment of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorder (Kerner Commission) followed a series of inner-city riots in the 1960s. The Commission's 1968 report, issued months before Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination, famously concluded that the United States was moving toward separate societies, one Black and one White. In recent years, another version of racialized violence has garnered public attention: s…
Ghetto
Ghetto: The invention of a place, the history of an idea, by Mitchell Duneier." Journal of Urban Affairs, 40(1), pp. 160–161
No simple solutions
Former Chicago mayor Richard J. Daley once announced that Chicago was “the city that works,” although Portland, Oregon, and Stamford, Connecticut, share this nickname. His remarks attempted to show
Public housing myths
This edited volume addresses and discredits 11 widely held misconceptions about public housing. Divided into three themes—places, policy, and people—the book’s essays question the conventional poli
U.S. Public–Housing Transformations and the Housing Publics Lost in Transition
For several decades now an era of dismantling traditional, place–based public housing developments has emerged. Our essay draws upon sociological and geographical thought to argue for a more critical understanding of this process which welcomed in the expansion of government policies to build public–private mixed–income housing developments as a way to improve the lives of impoverished public housing households. Yet, only a modest portion of the …
Building a Co-operative Community in Public Housing
Broadening our Focus
The Neighborhood Stabilization Program
The Neighborhood Stabilization Program (NSP) was established after the 2008 housing crisis to provide funding to local governments and other housing providers for stabilizing communities hardest hi
The Imagined Self-Sufficient Communities of Hope VI
The physical redevelopment of Housing Opportunities for People Everywhere (HOPE VI) communities has been accompanied by efforts to remake the people who live in them. Through a variety of community and supportive services (CSS) programs, residents are offered job training, homeownership classes, and support to develop savings accounts with the goal of moving them toward fuller participation in the private housing market. By examining how CSS have…
Purging the Poorest
As early as the late 1950s, public housing, the 1937 and 1949 Housing Acts’ solution to providing all Americans with a ‘decent home and suitable living environment’, was becoming increasingly stigm
Forced Mobility
In this paper we argue for the use of 'mobility' to describe not just bodily movement, travel, or transport, but as a concept that animates the constellation of policies and power relations that simultaneously move and spatially fix the urban poor. Using a framework developed by Creswell in 2010, in which mobility operates as 'an entanglement of movement, representation, and practice', this paper examines the mobility of relocated public-housing …
Fair and Affordable Housing in the U.S
Linking Charter School Emergence to Urban Revitalization and Gentrification
The link between neighborhood quality and school quality is long-standing and well established. Over the last two decades there have been several federally sponsored initiatives aimed at revitalizing the urban core; initiatives that emerged around the same time as charter schools. Despite the changing urban context that has occurred alongside charter school emergence, little research has addressed the link between urban revitalization efforts and…
Atlanta's Last Demolitions and Relocations
Using data from an Atlanta-based longitudinal study following 311 public housing residents relocated between 2009 and 2010 as the city's housing authority demolished its remaining public housing, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between changes in relocated residents' satisfaction with home and neighborhood and the socioeconomic, racial composition, and crime characteristics of their destination neighborhood. Consistent wi…
Public housing relocations in Atlanta
School Segregation in Metropolitan Regions, 1970-2000
It has been argued that the effects of the desegregation of public schools from the late 1960s onward were limited and short‐lived, in part because of white flight from desegregating districts and in part because legal decisions in the 1990s released many districts from court orders. Data presented here for 1970–2000 show that small increases in segregation between districts were outweighed by larger declines within districts. Progress was interr…
Out of the Projects, Still in the Hood
Public housing, usually located in predominantly poor, minority neighborhoods, has long been associated with concentrated poverty and spatially constraining opportunities for upward mobility. The federal government created HOPE VI in 1992 to transform the physical and social shape of public housing, demolishing existing projects and replacing them with mixed-income developments. To accomplish this public-housing residents are relocated with housi…
Sense of Place among Atlanta Public Housing Residents
Linking Charter School Emergence to Urban Revitalization and Gentrification
The link between neighborhood quality and school quality is long-standing and well established. Over the last two decades there have been several federally sponsored initiatives aimed at revitalizing the urban core; initiatives that emerged around the same time as charter schools. Despite the changing urban context that has occurred alongside charter school emergence, little research has addressed the link between urban revitalization efforts and…
Hope VI, Colonization, and the Production of Difference
Between 1993 and 2010, the Housing Opportunities for People Everywhere (HOPE VI) Program sought to transform public housing by demolishing large spatially concentrated developments and replacing them with mixed-income housing. Drawing on postcolonial geographical thought, this article interrogates HOPE VI as a colonial project. Through the displacement of public housing residents, the razing of the development in which they lived, and the rebuild…
Locational Patterns of Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Developments
This study examined neighborhood characteristics and spatial patterns of Low-Income Housing Tax-Credit (LIHTC) developments in four metropolitan areas using census data and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) LIHTC database. Sociospatial analysis determined neighborhood characteristics associated with LIHTC developments and how clustered or dispersed they are. Findings indicate that as a low-income housing policy, the LIH…
Is Public Housing the Cause of Poor Health or a Safety Net for the Unhealthy Poor
Housing Homeless People
Local sentiments are rarely favorable to human service facilities. City governments and neighborhood organizations frequently utilize zoning restrictions to exclude various community facilities, including services and housing for homeless people. This exclusionary phenomenon is commonly referred to as “not-in-my-backyard” or “NIMBYism.” The power of NIMBYism is grounded in the local autonomy afforded municipalities concerning land use policies. H…
A New Way of Revitalizing Distressed Urban Communities? Assessing the Impact of the Federal Empowerment Zone Program
The Empowerment Zone and Enterprise Community Initiative of 1993 offered targeted funding and tax incentives to distressed urban and rural communities. This initiative required a community-involvement component, setting it apart from more traditional economic development initiatives of the Reagan and Bush administrations. Using reports required by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and census data, this study examines the …
Black lives and policing
President Lyndon Johnson's appointment of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorder (Kerner Commission) followed a series of inner-city riots in the 1960s. The Commission's 1968 report, issued months before Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination, famously concluded that the United States was moving toward separate societies, one Black and one White. In recent years, another version of racialized violence has garnered public attention: s…
Public housing relocations in Atlanta
The impact of desegregation on black teachers in the metropolis, 1970-2000
One-third of public school students are racial and/or ethnic minorities. Yet only 14 per cent of teachers represent these groups. Frequently lost in broader debates concerning this disparity is the paradoxical contribution of the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision. Schools were mandated under Brown to desegregate the student body. But the law did not necessarily protect the jobs of black teachers and administrators. Using a unique database…
The Imagined Self-Sufficient Communities of Hope VI
The physical redevelopment of Housing Opportunities for People Everywhere (HOPE VI) communities has been accompanied by efforts to remake the people who live in them. Through a variety of community and supportive services (CSS) programs, residents are offered job training, homeownership classes, and support to develop savings accounts with the goal of moving them toward fuller participation in the private housing market. By examining how CSS have…
Atlanta's Last Demolitions and Relocations
Using data from an Atlanta-based longitudinal study following 311 public housing residents relocated between 2009 and 2010 as the city's housing authority demolished its remaining public housing, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between changes in relocated residents' satisfaction with home and neighborhood and the socioeconomic, racial composition, and crime characteristics of their destination neighborhood. Consistent wi…
It Was Love in All the Buildings They Tore Down”
About 16,000 families residing in Chicago's public housing have been relocated over the last two decades through the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's Housing Opportunities for People Everywhere (HOPE VI) redevelopment initiative. We situate this paper within a larger conversation about the presence and utilization of community ties within public housing despite the territorial stigmatization of traditional public housing. Utiliz…
Encouraging a Spatial Perspective in Third Sector Studies
Geographic space or location is an important aspect of many research topics in the third sector. Methodological advances have made it possible for scholars to better identify, assess, and account for the spatial aspects of their data. Such advances include Geographic Information System descriptive mapping of items such as density and location, Explorative Spatial Data Analysis, and Spatial Regression Analysis. This paper reviews a range of third-…
Public ownership and private profit in housing
The 1937 Housing Act granted local governments the rights to build and operate public housing. And, while this was a significant win for housing advocates, subsequent public housing policies throughout the 20th century ultimately recreated slum-like conditions leading to another round of demolition and redevelopment. Our paper examines this history in order to make sense of current policy initiatives that, in the name of helping the poor, have so…
The Poverty Deconcentration Imperative and Public Housing Transformation
Public housing has been on the chopping block for almost two decades now in an effort to deconcentrate poverty. In 1992 the federal government created the Housing Opportunities for People Everywhere (HOPE) VI program. HOPE VI is driven by the assumption that deconcentrating neighborhood‐level poverty will yield better access to upward mobility opportunities for former public housing residents. To accomplish this, existing public housing is demoli…
U.S. Public–Housing Transformations and the Housing Publics Lost in Transition
For several decades now an era of dismantling traditional, place–based public housing developments has emerged. Our essay draws upon sociological and geographical thought to argue for a more critical understanding of this process which welcomed in the expansion of government policies to build public–private mixed–income housing developments as a way to improve the lives of impoverished public housing households. Yet, only a modest portion of the …
Forced Mobility
In this paper we argue for the use of 'mobility' to describe not just bodily movement, travel, or transport, but as a concept that animates the constellation of policies and power relations that simultaneously move and spatially fix the urban poor. Using a framework developed by Creswell in 2010, in which mobility operates as 'an entanglement of movement, representation, and practice', this paper examines the mobility of relocated public-housing …
The American Welfare State Decoded
The American welfare system has always been characterized by extensive public‐private partnerships in the provision of social services. In addition, government financial support became important to private charitable agencies long before the emergence of nationally administered social welfare programs in the 1930s. Although recent research has acknowledged the expanded use of private organizations to deliver government‐sponsored services since th…
Diversions from policing as usual
Broadening our Focus
Socioeconomic gains and spillover effects of geographically targeted initiatives to combat economic distress
Black Mecca Dilemmas
This introductory article situates the papers in our special issue within the broader framework of the contradictory yet important concept of the Black Mecca. Broadly defined, a city or place considered a Black Mecca is characterized as one with a dominant Black constituency that is influential in the local social, cultural, economic, and political realms. Some of these spaces are economically poor but remain epicenters of cultural innovation. Ot…
Population research and training in U.S. schools of public health
Population research and training in U.S. schools of public health. D OakleyCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.63.8.687 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Housing Homeless People
Local sentiments are rarely favorable to human service facilities. City governments and neighborhood organizations frequently utilize zoning restrictions to exclude various community facilities, including services and housing for homeless people. This exclusionary phenomenon is commonly referred to as “not-in-my-backyard” or “NIMBYism.” The power of NIMBYism is grounded in the local autonomy afforded municipalities concerning land use policies. H…
The American Welfare State Decoded
The American welfare system has always been characterized by extensive public‐private partnerships in the provision of social services. In addition, government financial support became important to private charitable agencies long before the emergence of nationally administered social welfare programs in the 1930s. Although recent research has acknowledged the expanded use of private organizations to deliver government‐sponsored services since th…
A New Way of Revitalizing Distressed Urban Communities? Assessing the Impact of the Federal Empowerment Zone Program
The Empowerment Zone and Enterprise Community Initiative of 1993 offered targeted funding and tax incentives to distressed urban and rural communities. This initiative required a community-involvement component, setting it apart from more traditional economic development initiatives of the Reagan and Bush administrations. Using reports required by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and census data, this study examines the …
The word on the street
Socioeconomic gains and spillover effects of geographically targeted initiatives to combat economic distress
The Bottom-Up Mandate
The Empowerment Zone and Enterprise Community Initiative (EZ/EC), funded by Congress in 1994, offered geographically targeted funding and tax incentives to distressed urban communities in the US. The mandated community involvement component of the programme was meant to separate it from traditional economic development initiatives, aligning it more fully with the core goals of community economic development. Did the programmatic strategies emphas…
Neighbourhood Dynamics in Inner‐Budapest
Locational Patterns of Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Developments
This study examined neighborhood characteristics and spatial patterns of Low-Income Housing Tax-Credit (LIHTC) developments in four metropolitan areas using census data and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) LIHTC database. Sociospatial analysis determined neighborhood characteristics associated with LIHTC developments and how clustered or dispersed they are. Findings indicate that as a low-income housing policy, the LIH…
School Segregation in Metropolitan Regions, 1970-2000
It has been argued that the effects of the desegregation of public schools from the late 1960s onward were limited and short‐lived, in part because of white flight from desegregating districts and in part because legal decisions in the 1990s released many districts from court orders. Data presented here for 1970–2000 show that small increases in segregation between districts were outweighed by larger declines within districts. Progress was interr…
Out of the Projects, Still in the Hood
Public housing, usually located in predominantly poor, minority neighborhoods, has long been associated with concentrated poverty and spatially constraining opportunities for upward mobility. The federal government created HOPE VI in 1992 to transform the physical and social shape of public housing, demolishing existing projects and replacing them with mixed-income developments. To accomplish this public-housing residents are relocated with housi…
The impact of desegregation on black teachers in the metropolis, 1970-2000
One-third of public school students are racial and/or ethnic minorities. Yet only 14 per cent of teachers represent these groups. Frequently lost in broader debates concerning this disparity is the paradoxical contribution of the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision. Schools were mandated under Brown to desegregate the student body. But the law did not necessarily protect the jobs of black teachers and administrators. Using a unique database…
Is Public Housing the Cause of Poor Health or a Safety Net for the Unhealthy Poor
Public ownership and private profit in housing
The 1937 Housing Act granted local governments the rights to build and operate public housing. And, while this was a significant win for housing advocates, subsequent public housing policies throughout the 20th century ultimately recreated slum-like conditions leading to another round of demolition and redevelopment. Our paper examines this history in order to make sense of current policy initiatives that, in the name of helping the poor, have so…
The Poverty Deconcentration Imperative and Public Housing Transformation
Public housing has been on the chopping block for almost two decades now in an effort to deconcentrate poverty. In 1992 the federal government created the Housing Opportunities for People Everywhere (HOPE) VI program. HOPE VI is driven by the assumption that deconcentrating neighborhood‐level poverty will yield better access to upward mobility opportunities for former public housing residents. To accomplish this, existing public housing is demoli…
Sense of Place among Atlanta Public Housing Residents
Fair and Affordable Housing in the U.S
Linking Charter School Emergence to Urban Revitalization and Gentrification
The link between neighborhood quality and school quality is long-standing and well established. Over the last two decades there have been several federally sponsored initiatives aimed at revitalizing the urban core; initiatives that emerged around the same time as charter schools. Despite the changing urban context that has occurred alongside charter school emergence, little research has addressed the link between urban revitalization efforts and…
Atlanta's Last Demolitions and Relocations
Using data from an Atlanta-based longitudinal study following 311 public housing residents relocated between 2009 and 2010 as the city's housing authority demolished its remaining public housing, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between changes in relocated residents' satisfaction with home and neighborhood and the socioeconomic, racial composition, and crime characteristics of their destination neighborhood. Consistent wi…
Public housing relocations in Atlanta
Hope VI, Colonization, and the Production of Difference
Between 1993 and 2010, the Housing Opportunities for People Everywhere (HOPE VI) Program sought to transform public housing by demolishing large spatially concentrated developments and replacing them with mixed-income housing. Drawing on postcolonial geographical thought, this article interrogates HOPE VI as a colonial project. Through the displacement of public housing residents, the razing of the development in which they lived, and the rebuild…
Purging the Poorest
As early as the late 1950s, public housing, the 1937 and 1949 Housing Acts’ solution to providing all Americans with a ‘decent home and suitable living environment’, was becoming increasingly stigm
Forced Mobility
In this paper we argue for the use of 'mobility' to describe not just bodily movement, travel, or transport, but as a concept that animates the constellation of policies and power relations that simultaneously move and spatially fix the urban poor. Using a framework developed by Creswell in 2010, in which mobility operates as 'an entanglement of movement, representation, and practice', this paper examines the mobility of relocated public-housing …
Broadening our Focus
The Neighborhood Stabilization Program
The Neighborhood Stabilization Program (NSP) was established after the 2008 housing crisis to provide funding to local governments and other housing providers for stabilizing communities hardest hi
Sociology (34 works) · Political science (29 works) · Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies (27 works) · Economics (24 works) · Economic growth (22 works) · Geography (19 works) · Law (17 works) · Public Administration (17 works) · Homelessness and Social Issues (14 works) · Metropolitan area (14 works)