Ken‐ichi Shinoda
Biographic Data
| ID | 3693712 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Ken‐ichi Shinoda |
| GIVEN NAMES | Ken‐ichi |
| FAMILY NAME | Shinoda |
| SIGNATURE | SHINODA K I |
| AFFILIATIONS | National Museum of Nature and Science |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 20 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 150 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 20 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1990 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Ancient genomes from the initial Jomon period
Starting 16000 years ago, the Neolithic lifestyle known as the Jomon culture spread across the Japanese archipelago. Although extensively studied by archaeology and physical anthropology, little is known about the genetic characteristics of the Jomon people. Here, we report the entire mitogenome and partial nuclear genome of skeletal remains from the initial Jomon period that were excavated from the Higashimyo shell midden site at Saga City, Kyus…
An integrated study of the human skeletal remains discovered in Escalon Cave, northeastern Mindanao, the Philippines
We examined fragmentary human skeletal remains from Escalon Cave near Surigao City, northeastern Mindanao, the Philippines, with respect to the morphology of bones and teeth, radiocarbon dating, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. These remains contained parts of the left temporal bone, the right humerus, the right femur, the upper right first and second premolars, and the first molar. They are presumed to belong to an early-middle adult ma…
Late Jomon male and female genome sequences from the Funadomari site in Hokkaido, Japan
The Funadomari Jomon people were hunter-gatherers living on Rebun Island, Hokkaido, Japan c. 3500–3800 years ago. In this study, we determined the high-depth and low-depth nuclear genome sequences from a Funadomari Jomon female (F23) and male (F5), respectively. We genotyped the \nnuclear DNA of F23 and determined the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class-I genotypes and the phenotypic traits. Moreover, a pathogenic mutation in the CPT1A gene was i…
Genetic characteristics of Yayoi people in Northwestern Kyushu
佐世保市下本山岩陰遺跡から出土した2体の弥生人骨の核ゲノム解析を行った。これらの人骨は,遺跡の地理的な位置と形態学的な研究から縄文人の系統を引く西北九州弥生人集団の一員であると判断されている。しかし,次世代シークエンサを用いたDNA解析の結果,共に縄文系と渡来系弥生人の双方のゲノムを併せ持つことが明らかとなった。これらの人骨の帰属年代は弥生時代の末期にあたる。本研究結果から,この時期には九州の沿岸地域でも,在来集団と渡来した人々との間で混血がかなり進んでいたことが明らかとなった。このことは,これまで固定的に捉えられていた渡来系弥生人と西北九州弥生人の関係を捉え直す必要があることを示している。また本研究によって,古人骨の核ゲノムの解析で得られたデータは,このような混血の状況を捉えるのに有効であることも示された。今後,北部九州の弥生人骨のゲノム解析を進めていけば,日本人の成立のシナリオは更に精緻なものになることが期待される
Ethnic derivation of the Ainu inferred from ancient mitochondrial DNA data
OBJECTIVES: The Ainu, the indigenous people living on the northernmost island of Japan, Hokkaido, have long been a focus of anthropological interest because of their cultural, linguistic, and physical identity. A major problem with genetic studies on the Ainu is that the previously published data stemmed almost exclusively from only 51 modern-day individuals living in Biratori Town, central Hokkaido. To clarify the actual genetic characteristics …
Dental and mtDNA Relatedness Among Thousand-Year-Old Remains from Huaca Loro, Peru
Within and between tombs at the site of Huaca Loro (ca. A.D. 1000) on north coastal Peru, biological relatedness based on 23 dental characters follows statistically significant patterns. mtDNA groupings that are based on lineages inferred from inherited derived D-loop bp sequences have also been traced among the individuals. The present study finds a significant, although rather poorly predictive, relation between mtDNA and dental interindividual…
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of human skeletal remains excavated from the Iwashita Cave and Shimo-motoyama rock shelter sites
西北九州地域における縄文早期から弥生時代の集団の変遷を調べる目的で,佐世保市の岩下洞穴と下本山岩陰遺跡から出土した人骨9体のDNA分析を行った。抽出したDNAをもとにAPLP分析と次世代シークエンサによるミトコンドリアDNAの解析を行った結果,下本山岩陰遺跡出土の弥生時代人骨2体のミトコンドリアDNAハプログループと全塩基配列を決定することができた。特に次世代シークエンサによる分析では,ミトコンドリアDNAの全塩基配列をそれぞれ平均深度178.73と61.02で決定し,今回の実験に採用したミトコンドリアDNAをキャプチャしてから解析する方法の有効性が確かめられた。ミトコンドリアDNAの分析ができたのが2体だけだったので,集団の遺伝的な特徴や時間軸に沿った遺伝的な変化を追求することはできなかったが,西北九州型弥生人と呼ばれる形態学的には縄文人の系統を引くといわれる人骨が,縄文人に多いハプログループM7aと渡来系弥生人に多いD4aを持っていることが明らかとなった。これまで九州地方出土の縄文人…
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Hokkaido Jomon skeletons
To clarify the colonizing process of East/Northeast Asia as well as the peopling of the Americas, identifying the genetic characteristics of Paleolithic Siberians is indispensable. However, no genetic information on the Paleolithic Siberians has hitherto been reported. In the present study, we analyzed ancient DNA recovered from Jomon skeletons excavated from the northernmost island of Japan, Hokkaido, which was connected with southern Siberia in…
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Jomon skeletons from the Funadomari site, Hokkaido, and its implication for the origins of Native American
Ancient DNA recovered from 16 Jomon skeletons excavated from Funadomari site, Hokkaido, Japan was analyzed to elucidate the genealogy of the early settlers of the Japanese archipelago. Both the control and coding regions of their mitochondrial DNA were analyzed in detail, and we could securely assign 14 mtDNAs to relevant haplogroups. Haplogroups D1a, M7a, and N9b were observed in these individuals, and N9b was by far the most predominant. The fa…
Terminal Pleistocene human skeleton from Hang Cho Cave, northern Vietnam
An excavation at the cave site of Hang Cho in northern Vietnam resulted in the discovery of a terminal Pleistocene human skeleton in a relatively good state of preservation. The material culture from this site belongs to the pre-ceramic Hoabinhian period. An AMS radiocarbon date on a tooth sample extracted from this individual gives a calibrated age of 10450 ± 300 years BP. In discussions of the population history of Southeast Asia, it has been r…
MtDNA Analysis of Bunun Remains Stored in the National Taiwan University
歴史時代と現代の台湾原住民の関係について考察する目的で,国立台湾大学が所蔵する台湾原住民ブヌン族の古人骨試料からDNAを抽出し,ミトコンドリアDNAの分析を行った。合計で34体分の肋骨サンプルを実験に用い,最終的に25体で塩基配列データを得た。全体で15のハプロタイプを区別したが,特定のハプロタイプが多数を占めると言うことはなく,多様性が保たれていることが判明した。次にハプログループ頻度を用いて現代の原住民8集団との系統関係を解析した。その結果,今回のサンプルは現代のブヌン集団に最も近縁であることが示され,少なくともブヌン族では歴史時代からの遺伝的な特徴が,そのまま保存されていることが証明された。また各集団の遺伝的な関係は,基本的には地理的な近縁関係を反映していることも明らかとなった。今回の研究は,これらのサンプルに解析できる量のDNAが保存されていることを明らかにし,博物館・大学に収蔵されている人骨試料が,現在では収集が困難になりつつある原住民のDNAサンプルの供給源としても大きな価値…
A possible case of prophylactic supra-inion trepanation in a child cranium with an auditory deformity (pre-Columbian Ancon site, Peru)
We had the opportunity to examine a pre-Columbian Peruvian child (about 4–5 years old) cranium with a healed lesion above the inion on the occiput. It has previously been claimed that supra-inion lesions represent traces of prehistoric trepanation for ritual or prophylactic reasons in childhood, a practice termed ‘trepanation supra-iniana’. An alternative hypothesis claimed that such lesions mainly result from abnormal long-term compression cause…
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of ancient Peruvian highlanders
Ancient DNA recovered from 57 individuals excavated by Hiram Bingham at the rural communities of Paucarcancha, Patallacta, and Huata near the famed Inca royal estate and ritual site of Machu Picchu was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction, and the results were compared with ancient and modern DNA from various Central Andean areas to test their hypothesized indigenous highland origins. The control and coding regions of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDN…
An Integrated Analysis of Pre-Hispanic Mortuary Practices
Recent debate has raised serious questions about the viability of the social and ideological reconstruction of prehistoric culture on the basis of mortuary analysis. In recent years bioarchaeology has gained considerable prominence, underscoring the fact that death, burials, and associated mortuary practices are multifaceted phenomena shaped by biological, social, ideological, and taphonomic factors. Few studies attempting social reconstruction t…
Longitudinal Analysis of Adolescent Growth of Foot Length and Stature of Children Living in Ogi Area of Japan
Adolescent growth of foot length (FL) and stature were investigated in a sample of 586 children living in the Ogi area of Saga Prefecture Japan, who were traced longitudinally from 6.5 to 17.5 years of age. FL growth and its relationship to height were analyzed using the JPA2 model and the Optimal Kernel Method to fit the serial data of stature and FL. The results demonstrated that there was clear peak growth velocity (PGV) during the adolescent …
Allometry of the Long Bones of Closely Related Macaques
In an attempt to investigate the relationships between ontogenetic, static adult and interspecific allometry, long limb bones of closely related macaques (Macaca mulatta, Macaca fascicularis, Macaca fuscata fuscata and Macaca fuscata yakui) were studied. Sex differences of intralimb allometry were also investigated. Principal component analyses were applied to the maximum length of bones to provide multivariate assessments of relationships betwee…
Analysis of ancient Japanese society through mitochondrial DNA sequencing
In this study, DNA was extracted from human bones recovered from a 2000-year-old archaeological site located in northern Kyushu in southwestern Japan. Part of the mitochondrial control region was amplified by a polymerase chain reaction. Mitochondrial DNA sequences determined from 55 individuals were classified into 16 different types. Comparing the location of the burial site and the sequence types, people buried at separate sites were shown to …
Realtionship between ontogenetic and intraspecific allometry of the foot skeleton in Japanese macaques
A series of 21 variables representing foot skeletal elements were measured on a sample of 152 Japanese macaques to examine the relationship between ontogenetic and static adult allometry. The similarity of ontogenetic and static allometries was tested by comparing the multivariate allometric coefficients extracted by the first principal component. In both groups, the metatarsals were positive allometry and the tarsal portion and phalanges were ne…
Extraction and amplification of the human mitochondrial DNA from the Jomon skeletal remains
縄文時代人骨3体から DNA を抽出し, PCR 法を用いてミトコンドリア DNAを増幅して解析を行い,その方法論的な問題点を考察した。今回用いた方法では,試料の保存状態•部位にかかわらず,ほぼ安定して DNA の分離と増幅が可能であり,その有効性が確かめられた。分離された DNA は,そのほとんどがヒト由来のものではなかったが, PCR 法によりヒトミトコンドリア由来の DNA の増幅を確認することができた。ミトコンドリア DNAのV 領域および D ループ領域に対する制限酵素を用いた解析では多型は検出できなかった。しかし増幅した V 領域の塩基配列を決定したところ,1個体では1箇所の変異が見出された
Excavations at Daram and Tevsh sites
Preface[Kazuo MIYAMOTO] / Chapter 1. Excavations at Daram Site[Kazuo MIYAMOTO, Hiroki OBATA, Tsend AMGALANTUGS, Nasan-Ochir ERDENE-OCHIR] / Chapter 2. Excavations at Tevsh Site[Kazuo MIYAMOTO, Tsend AMGALANTUGS] / Chapter 3. The analysis on the human skeletal remains of the Bronze Age unearthed from the both sites of Daram in the Khentii province and Tevsh in the southern Khangai, Mongol[Kenji OKAZAKI, Shiori YONEMOTO, and Takahiro NAKAHASHI] / C…
An Integrated Analysis of Pre-Hispanic Mortuary Practices
Recent debate has raised serious questions about the viability of the social and ideological reconstruction of prehistoric culture on the basis of mortuary analysis. In recent years bioarchaeology has gained considerable prominence, underscoring the fact that death, burials, and associated mortuary practices are multifaceted phenomena shaped by biological, social, ideological, and taphonomic factors. Few studies attempting social reconstruction t…
Terminal Pleistocene human skeleton from Hang Cho Cave, northern Vietnam
An excavation at the cave site of Hang Cho in northern Vietnam resulted in the discovery of a terminal Pleistocene human skeleton in a relatively good state of preservation. The material culture from this site belongs to the pre-ceramic Hoabinhian period. An AMS radiocarbon date on a tooth sample extracted from this individual gives a calibrated age of 10450 ± 300 years BP. In discussions of the population history of Southeast Asia, it has been r…
Late Jomon male and female genome sequences from the Funadomari site in Hokkaido, Japan
The Funadomari Jomon people were hunter-gatherers living on Rebun Island, Hokkaido, Japan c. 3500–3800 years ago. In this study, we determined the high-depth and low-depth nuclear genome sequences from a Funadomari Jomon female (F23) and male (F5), respectively. We genotyped the \nnuclear DNA of F23 and determined the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class-I genotypes and the phenotypic traits. Moreover, a pathogenic mutation in the CPT1A gene was i…
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Hokkaido Jomon skeletons
To clarify the colonizing process of East/Northeast Asia as well as the peopling of the Americas, identifying the genetic characteristics of Paleolithic Siberians is indispensable. However, no genetic information on the Paleolithic Siberians has hitherto been reported. In the present study, we analyzed ancient DNA recovered from Jomon skeletons excavated from the northernmost island of Japan, Hokkaido, which was connected with southern Siberia in…
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of ancient Peruvian highlanders
Ancient DNA recovered from 57 individuals excavated by Hiram Bingham at the rural communities of Paucarcancha, Patallacta, and Huata near the famed Inca royal estate and ritual site of Machu Picchu was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction, and the results were compared with ancient and modern DNA from various Central Andean areas to test their hypothesized indigenous highland origins. The control and coding regions of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDN…
Dental and mtDNA Relatedness Among Thousand-Year-Old Remains from Huaca Loro, Peru
Within and between tombs at the site of Huaca Loro (ca. A.D. 1000) on north coastal Peru, biological relatedness based on 23 dental characters follows statistically significant patterns. mtDNA groupings that are based on lineages inferred from inherited derived D-loop bp sequences have also been traced among the individuals. The present study finds a significant, although rather poorly predictive, relation between mtDNA and dental interindividual…
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Jomon skeletons from the Funadomari site, Hokkaido, and its implication for the origins of Native American
Ancient DNA recovered from 16 Jomon skeletons excavated from Funadomari site, Hokkaido, Japan was analyzed to elucidate the genealogy of the early settlers of the Japanese archipelago. Both the control and coding regions of their mitochondrial DNA were analyzed in detail, and we could securely assign 14 mtDNAs to relevant haplogroups. Haplogroups D1a, M7a, and N9b were observed in these individuals, and N9b was by far the most predominant. The fa…
Analysis of ancient Japanese society through mitochondrial DNA sequencing
In this study, DNA was extracted from human bones recovered from a 2000-year-old archaeological site located in northern Kyushu in southwestern Japan. Part of the mitochondrial control region was amplified by a polymerase chain reaction. Mitochondrial DNA sequences determined from 55 individuals were classified into 16 different types. Comparing the location of the burial site and the sequence types, people buried at separate sites were shown to …
Ancient genomes from the initial Jomon period
Starting 16000 years ago, the Neolithic lifestyle known as the Jomon culture spread across the Japanese archipelago. Although extensively studied by archaeology and physical anthropology, little is known about the genetic characteristics of the Jomon people. Here, we report the entire mitogenome and partial nuclear genome of skeletal remains from the initial Jomon period that were excavated from the Higashimyo shell midden site at Saga City, Kyus…
Excavations at Daram and Tevsh sites
Preface[Kazuo MIYAMOTO] / Chapter 1. Excavations at Daram Site[Kazuo MIYAMOTO, Hiroki OBATA, Tsend AMGALANTUGS, Nasan-Ochir ERDENE-OCHIR] / Chapter 2. Excavations at Tevsh Site[Kazuo MIYAMOTO, Tsend AMGALANTUGS] / Chapter 3. The analysis on the human skeletal remains of the Bronze Age unearthed from the both sites of Daram in the Khentii province and Tevsh in the southern Khangai, Mongol[Kenji OKAZAKI, Shiori YONEMOTO, and Takahiro NAKAHASHI] / C…
Ethnic derivation of the Ainu inferred from ancient mitochondrial DNA data
OBJECTIVES: The Ainu, the indigenous people living on the northernmost island of Japan, Hokkaido, have long been a focus of anthropological interest because of their cultural, linguistic, and physical identity. A major problem with genetic studies on the Ainu is that the previously published data stemmed almost exclusively from only 51 modern-day individuals living in Biratori Town, central Hokkaido. To clarify the actual genetic characteristics …
A possible case of prophylactic supra-inion trepanation in a child cranium with an auditory deformity (pre-Columbian Ancon site, Peru)
We had the opportunity to examine a pre-Columbian Peruvian child (about 4–5 years old) cranium with a healed lesion above the inion on the occiput. It has previously been claimed that supra-inion lesions represent traces of prehistoric trepanation for ritual or prophylactic reasons in childhood, a practice termed ‘trepanation supra-iniana’. An alternative hypothesis claimed that such lesions mainly result from abnormal long-term compression cause…
Allometry of the Long Bones of Closely Related Macaques
In an attempt to investigate the relationships between ontogenetic, static adult and interspecific allometry, long limb bones of closely related macaques (Macaca mulatta, Macaca fascicularis, Macaca fuscata fuscata and Macaca fuscata yakui) were studied. Sex differences of intralimb allometry were also investigated. Principal component analyses were applied to the maximum length of bones to provide multivariate assessments of relationships betwee…
Realtionship between ontogenetic and intraspecific allometry of the foot skeleton in Japanese macaques
A series of 21 variables representing foot skeletal elements were measured on a sample of 152 Japanese macaques to examine the relationship between ontogenetic and static adult allometry. The similarity of ontogenetic and static allometries was tested by comparing the multivariate allometric coefficients extracted by the first principal component. In both groups, the metatarsals were positive allometry and the tarsal portion and phalanges were ne…
Extraction and amplification of the human mitochondrial DNA from the Jomon skeletal remains
縄文時代人骨3体から DNA を抽出し, PCR 法を用いてミトコンドリア DNAを増幅して解析を行い,その方法論的な問題点を考察した。今回用いた方法では,試料の保存状態•部位にかかわらず,ほぼ安定して DNA の分離と増幅が可能であり,その有効性が確かめられた。分離された DNA は,そのほとんどがヒト由来のものではなかったが, PCR 法によりヒトミトコンドリア由来の DNA の増幅を確認することができた。ミトコンドリア DNAのV 領域および D ループ領域に対する制限酵素を用いた解析では多型は検出できなかった。しかし増幅した V 領域の塩基配列を決定したところ,1個体では1箇所の変異が見出された
Allometry of the Long Bones of Closely Related Macaques
In an attempt to investigate the relationships between ontogenetic, static adult and interspecific allometry, long limb bones of closely related macaques (Macaca mulatta, Macaca fascicularis, Macaca fuscata fuscata and Macaca fuscata yakui) were studied. Sex differences of intralimb allometry were also investigated. Principal component analyses were applied to the maximum length of bones to provide multivariate assessments of relationships betwee…
Analysis of ancient Japanese society through mitochondrial DNA sequencing
In this study, DNA was extracted from human bones recovered from a 2000-year-old archaeological site located in northern Kyushu in southwestern Japan. Part of the mitochondrial control region was amplified by a polymerase chain reaction. Mitochondrial DNA sequences determined from 55 individuals were classified into 16 different types. Comparing the location of the burial site and the sequence types, people buried at separate sites were shown to …
Longitudinal Analysis of Adolescent Growth of Foot Length and Stature of Children Living in Ogi Area of Japan
Adolescent growth of foot length (FL) and stature were investigated in a sample of 586 children living in the Ogi area of Saga Prefecture Japan, who were traced longitudinally from 6.5 to 17.5 years of age. FL growth and its relationship to height were analyzed using the JPA2 model and the Optimal Kernel Method to fit the serial data of stature and FL. The results demonstrated that there was clear peak growth velocity (PGV) during the adolescent …
An Integrated Analysis of Pre-Hispanic Mortuary Practices
Recent debate has raised serious questions about the viability of the social and ideological reconstruction of prehistoric culture on the basis of mortuary analysis. In recent years bioarchaeology has gained considerable prominence, underscoring the fact that death, burials, and associated mortuary practices are multifaceted phenomena shaped by biological, social, ideological, and taphonomic factors. Few studies attempting social reconstruction t…
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of ancient Peruvian highlanders
Ancient DNA recovered from 57 individuals excavated by Hiram Bingham at the rural communities of Paucarcancha, Patallacta, and Huata near the famed Inca royal estate and ritual site of Machu Picchu was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction, and the results were compared with ancient and modern DNA from various Central Andean areas to test their hypothesized indigenous highland origins. The control and coding regions of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDN…
A possible case of prophylactic supra-inion trepanation in a child cranium with an auditory deformity (pre-Columbian Ancon site, Peru)
We had the opportunity to examine a pre-Columbian Peruvian child (about 4–5 years old) cranium with a healed lesion above the inion on the occiput. It has previously been claimed that supra-inion lesions represent traces of prehistoric trepanation for ritual or prophylactic reasons in childhood, a practice termed ‘trepanation supra-iniana’. An alternative hypothesis claimed that such lesions mainly result from abnormal long-term compression cause…
Terminal Pleistocene human skeleton from Hang Cho Cave, northern Vietnam
An excavation at the cave site of Hang Cho in northern Vietnam resulted in the discovery of a terminal Pleistocene human skeleton in a relatively good state of preservation. The material culture from this site belongs to the pre-ceramic Hoabinhian period. An AMS radiocarbon date on a tooth sample extracted from this individual gives a calibrated age of 10450 ± 300 years BP. In discussions of the population history of Southeast Asia, it has been r…
MtDNA Analysis of Bunun Remains Stored in the National Taiwan University
歴史時代と現代の台湾原住民の関係について考察する目的で,国立台湾大学が所蔵する台湾原住民ブヌン族の古人骨試料からDNAを抽出し,ミトコンドリアDNAの分析を行った。合計で34体分の肋骨サンプルを実験に用い,最終的に25体で塩基配列データを得た。全体で15のハプロタイプを区別したが,特定のハプロタイプが多数を占めると言うことはなく,多様性が保たれていることが判明した。次にハプログループ頻度を用いて現代の原住民8集団との系統関係を解析した。その結果,今回のサンプルは現代のブヌン集団に最も近縁であることが示され,少なくともブヌン族では歴史時代からの遺伝的な特徴が,そのまま保存されていることが証明された。また各集団の遺伝的な関係は,基本的には地理的な近縁関係を反映していることも明らかとなった。今回の研究は,これらのサンプルに解析できる量のDNAが保存されていることを明らかにし,博物館・大学に収蔵されている人骨試料が,現在では収集が困難になりつつある原住民のDNAサンプルの供給源としても大きな価値…
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Jomon skeletons from the Funadomari site, Hokkaido, and its implication for the origins of Native American
Ancient DNA recovered from 16 Jomon skeletons excavated from Funadomari site, Hokkaido, Japan was analyzed to elucidate the genealogy of the early settlers of the Japanese archipelago. Both the control and coding regions of their mitochondrial DNA were analyzed in detail, and we could securely assign 14 mtDNAs to relevant haplogroups. Haplogroups D1a, M7a, and N9b were observed in these individuals, and N9b was by far the most predominant. The fa…
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Hokkaido Jomon skeletons
To clarify the colonizing process of East/Northeast Asia as well as the peopling of the Americas, identifying the genetic characteristics of Paleolithic Siberians is indispensable. However, no genetic information on the Paleolithic Siberians has hitherto been reported. In the present study, we analyzed ancient DNA recovered from Jomon skeletons excavated from the northernmost island of Japan, Hokkaido, which was connected with southern Siberia in…
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of human skeletal remains excavated from the Iwashita Cave and Shimo-motoyama rock shelter sites
西北九州地域における縄文早期から弥生時代の集団の変遷を調べる目的で,佐世保市の岩下洞穴と下本山岩陰遺跡から出土した人骨9体のDNA分析を行った。抽出したDNAをもとにAPLP分析と次世代シークエンサによるミトコンドリアDNAの解析を行った結果,下本山岩陰遺跡出土の弥生時代人骨2体のミトコンドリアDNAハプログループと全塩基配列を決定することができた。特に次世代シークエンサによる分析では,ミトコンドリアDNAの全塩基配列をそれぞれ平均深度178.73と61.02で決定し,今回の実験に採用したミトコンドリアDNAをキャプチャしてから解析する方法の有効性が確かめられた。ミトコンドリアDNAの分析ができたのが2体だけだったので,集団の遺伝的な特徴や時間軸に沿った遺伝的な変化を追求することはできなかったが,西北九州型弥生人と呼ばれる形態学的には縄文人の系統を引くといわれる人骨が,縄文人に多いハプログループM7aと渡来系弥生人に多いD4aを持っていることが明らかとなった。これまで九州地方出土の縄文人…
Ethnic derivation of the Ainu inferred from ancient mitochondrial DNA data
OBJECTIVES: The Ainu, the indigenous people living on the northernmost island of Japan, Hokkaido, have long been a focus of anthropological interest because of their cultural, linguistic, and physical identity. A major problem with genetic studies on the Ainu is that the previously published data stemmed almost exclusively from only 51 modern-day individuals living in Biratori Town, central Hokkaido. To clarify the actual genetic characteristics …
Dental and mtDNA Relatedness Among Thousand-Year-Old Remains from Huaca Loro, Peru
Within and between tombs at the site of Huaca Loro (ca. A.D. 1000) on north coastal Peru, biological relatedness based on 23 dental characters follows statistically significant patterns. mtDNA groupings that are based on lineages inferred from inherited derived D-loop bp sequences have also been traced among the individuals. The present study finds a significant, although rather poorly predictive, relation between mtDNA and dental interindividual…
Late Jomon male and female genome sequences from the Funadomari site in Hokkaido, Japan
The Funadomari Jomon people were hunter-gatherers living on Rebun Island, Hokkaido, Japan c. 3500–3800 years ago. In this study, we determined the high-depth and low-depth nuclear genome sequences from a Funadomari Jomon female (F23) and male (F5), respectively. We genotyped the \nnuclear DNA of F23 and determined the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class-I genotypes and the phenotypic traits. Moreover, a pathogenic mutation in the CPT1A gene was i…
Genetic characteristics of Yayoi people in Northwestern Kyushu
佐世保市下本山岩陰遺跡から出土した2体の弥生人骨の核ゲノム解析を行った。これらの人骨は,遺跡の地理的な位置と形態学的な研究から縄文人の系統を引く西北九州弥生人集団の一員であると判断されている。しかし,次世代シークエンサを用いたDNA解析の結果,共に縄文系と渡来系弥生人の双方のゲノムを併せ持つことが明らかとなった。これらの人骨の帰属年代は弥生時代の末期にあたる。本研究結果から,この時期には九州の沿岸地域でも,在来集団と渡来した人々との間で混血がかなり進んでいたことが明らかとなった。このことは,これまで固定的に捉えられていた渡来系弥生人と西北九州弥生人の関係を捉え直す必要があることを示している。また本研究によって,古人骨の核ゲノムの解析で得られたデータは,このような混血の状況を捉えるのに有効であることも示された。今後,北部九州の弥生人骨のゲノム解析を進めていけば,日本人の成立のシナリオは更に精緻なものになることが期待される
An integrated study of the human skeletal remains discovered in Escalon Cave, northeastern Mindanao, the Philippines
We examined fragmentary human skeletal remains from Escalon Cave near Surigao City, northeastern Mindanao, the Philippines, with respect to the morphology of bones and teeth, radiocarbon dating, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. These remains contained parts of the left temporal bone, the right humerus, the right femur, the upper right first and second premolars, and the first molar. They are presumed to belong to an early-middle adult ma…
Ancient genomes from the initial Jomon period
Starting 16000 years ago, the Neolithic lifestyle known as the Jomon culture spread across the Japanese archipelago. Although extensively studied by archaeology and physical anthropology, little is known about the genetic characteristics of the Jomon people. Here, we report the entire mitogenome and partial nuclear genome of skeletal remains from the initial Jomon period that were excavated from the Higashimyo shell midden site at Saga City, Kyus…
Excavations at Daram and Tevsh sites
Preface[Kazuo MIYAMOTO] / Chapter 1. Excavations at Daram Site[Kazuo MIYAMOTO, Hiroki OBATA, Tsend AMGALANTUGS, Nasan-Ochir ERDENE-OCHIR] / Chapter 2. Excavations at Tevsh Site[Kazuo MIYAMOTO, Tsend AMGALANTUGS] / Chapter 3. The analysis on the human skeletal remains of the Bronze Age unearthed from the both sites of Daram in the Khentii province and Tevsh in the southern Khangai, Mongol[Kenji OKAZAKI, Shiori YONEMOTO, and Takahiro NAKAHASHI] / C…
Biology (15 works) · Forensic and Genetic Research (14 works) · Geography (14 works) · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (11 works) · Genetics (11 works) · Mitochondrial DNA (11 works) · Archaeology (10 works) · Demography (10 works) · Ancient DNA (8 works) · History (8 works)