Charles D Arnold
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 369882 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Charles D Arnold |
| NOMBRES | Charles D |
| APELLIDO | Arnold |
| FIRMA | ARNOLD C D |
| AFILIACIONES | University of California, Davis |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6510-3172 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 55 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 72 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 55 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1979 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Haemoglobin concentration thresholds that discriminate functional outcomes among children aged 6–30 months in eight countries
Introduction The WHO cut-offs to define anaemia among children (haemoglobin, Hb <105 g/L in 6–23 months and <110 g/L in 24–59 months) are based on the distribution of Hb concentrations in a healthy population. Our objective was to identify Hb values that best discriminate functional outcomes among children aged 6–30 months. Methods We used previously compiled datasets from an individual participant data meta-analysis of effects of small quantity …
Economic, socio-emotional, and food security conditions during Covid-19 pandemic among caregivers of young adolescents aged 10–12 yrs in a semi-urban setting in Ghana
Few studies have described the consequences of the COVID − 19 pandemic among caregivers of young adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to explore the consequences of COVID-19 on economic, socio-emotional, and household food security conditions among caregivers of young adolescents in a semi-urban setting in the Eastern Region of Ghana. In this cross-sectional study, caregivers of young adolescents aged 10-12yrs in the Somanya-Kpong area wer…
Development and psychometric validation of a questionnaire assessing perception and acceptance of micronutrient-fortified bouillon cubes among non-index household members aged ≥ 15 years in northern G…
Micronutrient deficiencies remain a major public health issue in West Africa, contributing to anaemia, impaired cognitive development, and increased infection risk. Bouillon cubes, widely consumed in the region, offer a culturally appropriate means of micronutrient delivery. However, no validated instrument exists to assess the psychosocial and behavioural factors influencing household acceptance of fortified bouillon cubes. This study aimed to d…
Food vendor characteristics in and around junior high schools and the relationship with adolescent diet quality in Ghana
Objective: Aspects of the school food environment can influence food purchasing and consumption among adolescents, particularly those without access to a school meal programme. Our objective was to describe and compare food vendors of junior high schools (JHS) in Ghana. Design: We conducted structured observations of food vendors within a 0·25-km radius of eight JHSs. We compared foods sold and hygiene practices by vendor and community characteri…
Thiamine Concentration in Human Milk Is Correlated With Maternal and Infant Thiamine Status
The human milk content of some micronutrients including thiamine depends on maternal status, and if low, breastfed infants are at risk of deficiency. Thiamine deficiency remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality among infants in Asia. We aimed to explore correlations between maternal thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) or erythrocyte transketolase activation coefficient (ETKac) and human milk thiamine concentration (MTh) and between MTh and i…
Predictors of Anaemia Among Young Children Receiving Daily Micronutrient Powders (MNPs) for 24 Weeks in Bangladesh
In Bangladesh, anaemia is estimated to affect 52% of children 6-59 months, with the youngest children (6-23 months) experiencing the highest levels of anaemia (71%). Micronutrient powders (MNPs) are designed to increase micronutrient intake in young children; however, in some settings, the prevalence of anaemia may remain elevated despite the high coverage of MNPs. In a secondary analysis of the Zinc in Powders trial (ZiPT), we identified risk fa…
Consumption of Selected Healthy and Unhealthy Food Groups and Associations With Nutritional Status Among Children 2–5 Years of Age in Northern Ghana
Poor diet quality may contribute to the multiple forms of malnutrition among children in Ghana. This cross-sectional study (1) described the prevalence and frequency of consumption of fruits, vegetables, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), salty snacks and sweet snacks among children 2-5 years in northern Ghana; (2) identified factors associated with consumption; and (3) examined relationships between consumption and nutritional status. Households w…
Simulated Impact of Vitamin A‐Fortified Sugar on Dietary Adequacy and Association of Usual Sugar Intake With Plasma and Breast Milk Retinol Among Lactating Zambian Women
In Zambia, mandatory sugar fortification with vitamin A (VA) has been implemented, but its impact on VA inadequacy and status has yet to be assessed. This study evaluated the contribution of VA-fortified sugar to dietary VA adequacy and the relationship between dietary intakes and VA status in 243 lactating women, based on 24-h dietary recalls in Mkushi, Zambia. We estimated usual intake distributions and the prevalence of VA adequacy using the N…
Serum Folate Concentration Corresponding to the Red Blood Cell Folate Threshold for Increased Risk of Neural Tube Defects Among Ethiopian Women of Reproductive Age
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are severe birth defects linked to insufficient maternal folate status during early pregnancy. Red blood cell (RBC) folate concentration is the recommended biomarker for predicting NTD risk, with a threshold of 748 nmol/L using the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) microbiological assay. However, in large surveys, serum folate concentration is often measured instead of RBC folate. This study aimed to (…
Adolescent and Parental Perspectives of Food Insecurity at Home and at School Among Adolescents Attending Junior High Schools in Cape Coast, Ghana
Adolescent food insecurity (FI) is associated with negative health and development outcomes, but parents may be unaware of these experiences. In Ghana, adolescents without access to school meals may be at risk of FI and poor diet. We described adolescent FI at home/school, assessed parents' abilities to report on them, and determined how FI relates to diet quality. We randomly selected 187 adolescent (11-17 years)/parent pairs from 8 schools in C…
The Impact of an Integrated Nurturing Care Intervention to Improve Early Childhood Development Outcomes in Nampula Province, Mozambique
Objective: To estimate the effect of integrating responsive care, early learning, and development monitoring into a community-based package of activities on nutrition, sanitation, and hygiene, on improvements in early childhood development outcomes. Design: This was a quasi-experimental study with nonequivalent comparison groups. The study primary outcome, early childhood development, was measured using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3) a…
Effect of Early‐Life Lipid‐Based Nutrient Supplement and Home Environment on Autonomic Nervous System Regulation at 9–11 Years
Nutrition and the home environment contribute to the development of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). However, no study has examined the long-term effects of prenatal and postnatal small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) and home environment on ANS regulation. We investigated the effect of early-life SQ-LNS and home environment on ANS regulation at 9-11 years. Participants were children born to women who participated in a rando…
Assessment of Women's Discretionary Salt Intake and Household Salt Utilization in Preparation for a Salt Fortification Trial in Oromia Region, Ethiopia
There is a high incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in Ethiopia and folate insufficiency, a primary risk factor for NTDs, is common among Ethiopian women of reproductive age (WRA). Folic acid fortification of salt has been proposed as a strategy to control these problems. In preparation for an intervention trial to assess the nutritional effects of folic acid-fortified salt, we measured discretionary salt intakes among nonpregnant WRA using o…
Associations of fish and meat intake with iron and anaemia in Malawian children
Animal flesh foods are rich in bioavailable iron but infrequently consumed by young children. We aimed to determine whether flesh food intake was associated with iron and anaemia status among 585 Malawian infants enroled in a 6-month egg-feeding trial. The percentage of days of small fish, large fish and meat consumption were assessed through weekly 7-day animal-source food screeners. Grams of intake were assessed through 24-h recalls conducted a…
Estimating minimum dietary diversity for children aged 6–23 months
Objective: To compare the agreement and cost of two recall methods for estimating children’s minimum dietary diversity (MDD). Design: We assessed child’s dietary intake on two consecutive days: an observation on day one, followed by two recall methods (list-based recall and multiple-pass recall) administered in random order by different enumerators at two different times on day two. We compared the estimated MDD prevalence using survey-weighted l…
Prevalence of morbidity symptoms among pregnant and postpartum women receiving different nutrient supplements in Ghana and Malawi
Little is known about the impact of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNSs) on maternal morbidity. This secondary outcome analysis aimed to compare morbidity symptoms among women in two trials evaluating the efficacy of SQ-LNSs. From enrolment (≤20-week gestation) to 6 months postpartum, Ghanaian (n = 1320) and Malawian (n = 1391) women were assigned to consume daily: 60 mg iron and 400 μg folic acid until childbirth and placebo…
Comparing two simplified questionnaire‐based methods with 24‐h recalls for estimating fortifiable wheat flour and oil consumption in Mandaluyong City, Philippines
Information on fortifiable food consumption is essential to design, monitor and evaluate fortification programmes, yet detailed methods like 24-h recalls (24HRs) that provide such data are rarely conducted. Simplified questionnaire-based methods exist but their validity compared with 24HRs has not been shown. We compared two simplified methods (i.e., a household food acquisition and purchase questionnaire [FAPQ] and a 7-day semiquantitative food …
Risk factors for anaemia among women and their young children hospitalised with suspected thiamine deficiency in northern Lao PDR
Anaemia among women and young children remains a major public health concern. This secondary study describes the anaemia prevalence among young hospitalised children and their mothers in northern Lao People's Democratic Republic and explores possible nutritional causes and risk factors for anaemia. Hospitalised children (ages 21 days to <18 months) with clinical symptoms suggestive of thiamine deficiency disorders were eligible along with their m…
The cost-effectiveness of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements for prevention of child death and malnutrition and promotion of healthy development
Objective: Recent meta-analyses demonstrate that small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) for young children significantly reduce child mortality, stunting, wasting, anaemia and adverse developmental outcomes. Cost considerations should inform policy decisions. We developed a modelling framework to estimate the cost and cost-effectiveness of SQ-LNS and applied the framework in the context of rural Uganda. Design: We adapted costs …
The association between plasma choline, growth and neurodevelopment among Malawian children aged 6–15 months enroled in an egg intervention trial
Choline is an essential micronutrient that may influence growth and development; however, few studies have examined postnatal choline status and children's growth and development in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this observational analysis was to examine associations of plasma choline with growth and development among Malawian children aged 6-15 months enrolled in an egg intervention trial. Plasma choline and related metabolites (b…
Preventive small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements reduce severe wasting and severe stunting among young children
Including SQ-LNSs in preventive interventions to promote healthy child growth and development is likely to reduce rates of severe wasting and stunting. This meta-analysis was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO as CRD42019146592.
Traditional prenatal and postpartum food restrictions among women in northern Lao PDR
Culturally determined food restrictions are common among pregnant and postpartum women in Asia. This study aimed to describe perinatal dietary restrictions, factors associated with food avoidances and attainment of minimum dietary diversity (MDD-W) among women in Lao PDR. Mother-child (aged 21 days to <18 months) dyads (n = 682) were enrolled into a cohort study in northern Lao PDR and interviewed at one time point postpartum. During pregnancy an…
Impacts of an egg intervention on nutrient adequacy among young Malawian children
Eggs are a rich source of multiple nutrients that support child growth and development. Provision of eggs as a complementary food may improve dietary adequacy among young children at risk for undernutrition. Our objective was to test the impact of an egg intervention on the adequacy of total nutrient intakes and micronutrient density among 6- to 15-month-old Malawian children. Children 6 to 9 months old, living in Mangochi District, Malawi, were …
Consumption of multiple micronutrients or small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements containing iodine at the recommended dose during pregnancy, compared with iron and folic acid, does not affect…
Objectives: Inadequate iodine intake during pregnancy increases the risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality. We aimed to evaluate whether prenatal supplements containing iodine affect urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) of pregnant women in Malawi. Design: A randomised controlled trial. Pregnant women ( n 1391) were assigned to consume 60 mg/d Fe and 400 μg/d folic acid (IFA) or 18 vitamins and minerals including 250 μg/d iodine (MMN) or 20 g/d …
Small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements for children age 6–24 months
The Timing of the Thule Migration
The Thule migration from Alaska to the eastern North American Arctic is central to the understanding of Inuit history. However, despite decades of study, its timing remains controversial, with recent reappraisals suggesting that it may have occurred much later than the date of A.D. 1000 most often assumed for it. In this paper, we present newly obtained radiocarbon dates from two early Thule sites, Nelson River (OhRh-1) and Washout (NjVi-2), loca…
Characteristics that modify the effect of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplementation on child growth
Handbook of North American Indians. 6, Subarctic
Preventive small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements reduce severe wasting and severe stunting among young children
Including SQ-LNSs in preventive interventions to promote healthy child growth and development is likely to reduce rates of severe wasting and stunting. This meta-analysis was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO as CRD42019146592.
Mackenzie Inuit Lithic Raw Material Procurement in the Lower Mackenzie Valley
Oral and written historical records indicate that the Mackenzie Inuit traveled up the Mackenzie River from the Arctic Coast to procure lithic raw material in the interior from a quarry at the mouth of the Thunder River, which is known locally by the Gwich’in of the lower Mackenzie Valley as Vihtr’ii Tshik. We evaluate this proposition using non-destructive polarized energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence to compare the geochemical signatures of the…
Eskimos and Explorers, by Wendell H. Oswalt
Possible Evidence of Domestic Dog in a Paleoeskimo Context
domestic dogs played a significant role in the adaptive strategies of most historic Inuit and their archaeological predecessors, the Neoeskimo. ... More skeletal material would be desirable in order to provide a firm identification; nonetheless, the available evidence strongly suggests that a domestic or tamed canid is represented. This conclusion lends some measure of support to the idea that domestic dogs are an integral part of cultural adapta…
A Paleoeskimo Occupation on Southern Banks Island, N.W.T
Significant changes occurred within Paleoeskimo cultures during the first millenium B.C. Archaeological remains from the Lagoon site, on Banks Island, N.W.T., provide a new perspective on the nature of those changes and insights into some of the processes involved
Handbook of North American Indians. 6, Subarctic
Handbook of North American Indians. Volume 5
Inua. Spirit World of the Bering Sea Eskimo, by William A. Fitzhugh and Susan A. Kaplan
Dr. Condon spent a continuous period of 17 months at the settlement of Holman on Victoria Island and later returned for another stay
A Nineteenth-Century Mackenzie Inuit Site near Inuvik, Northwest Territories
A small collection of artifacts obtained from an aboriginal Mackenzie Inuit grave eroded by the Mackenzie River is described. The site appears to date to within the second half of the 19 century, following European contact but before acculturative processes and population decline, which brought about the extinction of traditional Mackenzie Inuit culture.Key words: Inuit, archaeology, Mackenzie delta, nineteenth century, artifacts, erosion
Arctic Harpoons
Harpoons have a wide distribution throughout the world, but it is among the Inuit that the most complex pre-industrial forms were developed. The primary use of the Inuit harpoon was for hunting sea mammals, both at breathing holes in the sea ice and in open water, although in some arctic areas the harpoon was used for fish as well. [The various styles of harpoons used in the Canadian Arctic from Prehistoric, Independence I, Pre-Dorset, early Dors…
The Utqiagvik Excavations. Vol. 1
The Mackenzie Inuit Winter House
The Inuit of the Mackenzie Delta area who called themselves "Siglit", built winter homes not out of snow, but of driftwood, and in villages which they occupied annually. This article discusses the earliest historical record of Siglit architecture and building techniques including ventilation and insulation
The Crane Site and the Paleoeskimo Period in the Western Canadian Arctic, by Raymond J. Le Blanc
Zooarchaeology of a Focal Resource
Ethnohistoric records indicate that the economy of early historic Mackenzie Inuit was centred on the summer hunt for beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas). However, no systematic attempt has been made to quantify the dietary importance of beluga whales to earlier, precontact-period Mackenzie Inuit societies. This issue is addressed herein through analysis of over 2000 beluga bones recovered from a semisubterranean house at Gupuk, a Mackenzie Inui…
Sinews of Survival
The Hillside Site, St. Lawrence Island, Alaska
Qayaq
The Timing of the Thule Migration
The Thule migration from Alaska to the eastern North American Arctic is central to the understanding of Inuit history. However, despite decades of study, its timing remains controversial, with recent reappraisals suggesting that it may have occurred much later than the date of A.D. 1000 most often assumed for it. In this paper, we present newly obtained radiocarbon dates from two early Thule sites, Nelson River (OhRh-1) and Washout (NjVi-2), loca…
Mackenzie Inuit Lithic Raw Material Procurement in the Lower Mackenzie Valley
Oral and written historical records indicate that the Mackenzie Inuit traveled up the Mackenzie River from the Arctic Coast to procure lithic raw material in the interior from a quarry at the mouth of the Thunder River, which is known locally by the Gwich’in of the lower Mackenzie Valley as Vihtr’ii Tshik. We evaluate this proposition using non-destructive polarized energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence to compare the geochemical signatures of the…
Effects of water quality, sanitation, handwashing, and nutritional interventions on diarrhoea and child growth in rural Kenya
Background Poor nutrition and exposure to faecal contamination are associated with diarrhoea and growth faltering, both of which have long-term consequences for child health. We aimed to assess whether water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutrition interventions reduced diarrhoea or growth faltering. Methods The WASH Benefits cluster-randomised trial enrolled pregnant women from villages in rural Kenya and evaluated outcomes at 1 year and 2 years …
The Importance of Wood in the Early Thule Culture of the Western Canadian Arctic
A behaviour change intervention with lipid‐based nutrient supplements had little impact on young child feeding indicators in rural Kenya
Poor infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices are associated with linear growth faltering. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of a nutrition and water and sanitation for health intervention on three IYCF indicators-minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD) in Kenyan children. Households were randomized into one of eight groups: (a) active control; (b) passive control; (c) water q…
Newborn physical condition and breastfeeding behaviours
Prenatal nutritional supplements may improve birth outcomes. This study aims to examine the effect of prenatal lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS), compared with iron and folic acid (IFA), on general newborn physical condition and feeding behaviours. We conducted a cluster-randomized effectiveness trial that enrolled 4,011 pregnant women at ≤20 gestational weeks. LNS and IFA were provided to women in 48 and 16 clusters, respectively, for daily…
Gestational weight gain and newborn anthropometric outcomes in rural Bangladesh
Low gestational weight gain (GWG) is a known predictor of fetal growth restriction in higher income countries, but there is little information on this association in lower income countries. Our objective is to describe the association between GWG and birth outcomes among pregnant women in rural Bangladesh. Pregnant women were identified in a community-based programme and enrolled into the study at an average of 13 weeks' gestation (n = 4,011). Ma…
I worry if I will have food tomorrow”
The prevalence of food insecurity among asylum seekers in Norway was high, in contrast to low prevalence of food insecurity in the Norwegian population. Asylum seekers are a particularly vulnerable group and initiatives to ameliorate the opportunities for an adequate diet are of the outmost importance
Effects of therapeutic zinc supplementation for diarrhea and two preventive zinc supplementation regimens on the incidence and duration of diarrhea and acute respiratory tract infections in rural Laot…
BACKGROUND: Diarrhea and respiratory tract infections are leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality. This individually randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial was designed to evaluate the effects of different zinc supplementation regimens on the incidence and duration of diarrhea and acute lower (ALRI) and upper (AURI) respiratory tract infections among rural Laotian children. The study included 3407 children, 6-23 months at e…
Impacts of an egg complementary feeding trial on energy intake and dietary diversity in Malawi
Complementary feeding diets in low- and middle-income countries are generally inadequate to meet requirements for growth and development. Food-based interventions may prevent nutrient inadequacies provided that they do not displace other nutrient-rich foods. We conducted a randomized controlled trial in rural Malawi in which 660 children aged 6 to 9 months were provided an egg a day for 6 months or assigned to a control group. Dietary intake of c…
Medicine (26 obras) · Child Nutrition and Water Access (22 obras) · Geography (21 obras) · Archaeology (15 obras) · Environmental health (15 obras) · Geology (15 obras) · Indigenous Studies and Ecology (15 obras) · Geology (14 obras) · Oceanography (14 obras) · Internal Medicine (13 obras)