Sarah Léonard
Biographic Data
| ID | 3759665 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Sarah Léonard |
| GIVEN NAMES | Sarah |
| FAMILY NAME | Léonard |
| SIGNATURE | LEONARD S |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Dundee |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8511-3829 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 35 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 273 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 33 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 2 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2004 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Transnational Unconventional Organized Crime: A National and Global Security Concern
Transnational Unconventional Organized Crime: A National and Global Security Concern
The Spiralling of the Securitisation of Migration in the European Union
Mitigating Sars-CoV-2 Transmission in Hispanic and Latino Communities—Prince William Health District, Virginia, June 2020
Conducting Randomized Controlled Trials of Complex Interventions in Prisons
Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) are the "gold standard" for measuring the effectiveness of an intervention. However, they have their limitations and are especially complex in prison settings. Several systematic reviews have highlighted some of the issues, including, institutional constraints e.g., "lock-downs," follow-ups, contamination of allocation conditions and a reliance on self-report measures. In this article, we reflect on our experien…
Characteristics of People Returned to Prison From Medium Secure Psychiatric Services in England and Wales
MSs in England and Wales are returning vulnerable individuals to prison in lieu of adequate aftercare services. The role of and responsibilities of MSSs as regards admissions from prison needs to be reconsidered
The securitisation of migration in the European Union
This article investigates the evolving security practices of one of the key actors in the handling of asylum-seekers and migrants at the external borders of the European Union (EU) Member States, the European Border and Coast Guard Agency, widely referred to as ‘Frontex’. It does so by applying a revised version of the Copenhagen School’s securitisation framework, which focuses on security practices and is underpinned by an understanding of secur…
De-centring the Securitisation of Asylum and Migration in the European Union
This article contributes to the debates on de-centring the analysis of migration governance in Europe by focusing on the potential role of external actors in the securitisation of asylum and migration in the European Union (EU). Although there has been a growing amount of literature on the securitisation of asylum and migration in the EU, the role possibly played by external actors in this securitisation process has not been considered to date. T…
Securitization of Covid-19 as a Security Norm
In this article, we analyze the emergence of a global security norm of the COVID-19 epidemic as a threat to international security. This crisis is one of the gravest crises that humanity has experienced since the end of World War II in terms of the number of people infected and died, but also in terms of the economic consequences. Here, we provide a framework for understanding the securitization of the COVID-19 epidemic as an international norm d…
Collective securitization and crisification of EU policy change
One of the founding fathers of the European Union (EU) was very correct in suggesting that people would only recognize the necessity of change once a crisis was upon them, as the “war on terror” would show. The EU, as this special issue shows, joined in this “war on terror”, whereby it collectively securitized the threat to become a European, rather than a national security threat – a European “war on terror”. It aims to assess the collective sec…
The collective securitization of aviation in the European Union through association with terrorism
This article analyses the expansion of European Union cooperation on aviation security using the framework of collective securitization. It establishes how 9/11 was a precipitating event that put terrorism and aviation security in the spotlight. 9/11 changed the collectively held understanding of the security threat posed by terrorism sufficiently to establish aviation security as a common policy framework rather than a national issue. 9/11 was t…
Refugee flows and terrorism in the European Union
Clarifying realist analytic and interdisciplinary consensus processes in a complex health intervention
Judgemental rationality is infrequently referenced within discussions of Realist Evaluations. Judgemental rationality refers to researchers’ capacity to assess which, potential, meanings provide the most credible explanations. In evaluation work, rationale for analysis is provided, though rarely do we see how an evaluator made judgements between competing theories, and which theories were discarded and why. We provide a worked example of the appl…
The European Union’s Response to the CBRN Terrorist Threat
Cet article examine comment l’Union européenne (UE) a cherché à faire face à la menace du terrorisme chimique, biologique, radiologique ou nucléaire (CBRN) en utilisant le Multiple Streams Framework de Kingdon. Il démontre que l’UE a considérablement développé sa réponse à la menace terroriste CBRN, mais de manière fragmentaire. Il fait également valoir que, contrairement aux débats intenses sur la menace terroriste CBRN et au grand nombre de pro…
Refugees, Security and the European Union
This book analyses the extent and the modalities of the securitization of asylum-seekers and refugees in the EU. It argues that the development of the EU asylum policy, far from 'securitizing' asylum-seekers and refugees, has led to the strengthening and codification of several rights for these two categories of persons. However, the securitization of terrorism and the links that have been constructed between asylum, irregular migration and terro…
The collective securitisation of terrorism in the European Union
The Current State of Violence Risk Assessment in England and Wales
Fil: Arbach, Karin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cordoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicologicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicologicas; Argentina
Beyond Stockholm
The development of the European Union's Area of Freedom, Security, and Justice (AFSJ) has been identified by the Lisbon Treaty (2009) as one of the key objectives of the European Union (EU). Recent events have also highlighted the saliency of several of the policy issues at the heart of the AFSJ. Amongst them, one can mention the terrorist attacks in 2015 in Paris and the ongoing refugee crisis in the Mediterranean region. At the same time, the e…
Securitization' revisited
Securitization theory seeks to explain the politics through which (1) the security character of public problems is established, (2) the social commitments resulting from the collective acceptance that a phenomenon is a threat are fixed and (3) the possibility of a particular policy is created. In the last decade, research on securitization has grown significantly. The aim of this article is to evaluate the achievements of securitization theory. F…
Fragile Minds and Vulnerable Souls
Special Symposium of Comparative Migration Studies
In recent years, asylum issues have become increasingly contentious in Western Europe and have been at the core of electoral campaigns in several EU Member States (Kaunert, 2009; 2010; Kaunert and Leonard, 2012). In several countries in the European Union (EU), populist or radical right-wing parties campaigning on an anti-immigration platform have achieved strong electoral scores, including the True Finns in Finland, the Freedom Party in Austria …
Introduction
Additional informationNotes on contributorsChristian KaunertChristian Kaunert is Professor of International Politics and Jean Monnet Chair in EU Justice and Home Affairs at the University of Dundee, United Kingdom. He also holds a Marie Curie Career Integration Grant (2012–2016) funded by the Seventh European Community Framework Programme. Email: [email protected] D OcchipintiJohn D Occhipinti is Professor of Political Science and direct…
Introduction
Does the Arab Spring provide a new opening for Western cooperation with the Middle East? The Arab Spring involved a revolutionary wave of demonstrations and protests in the Arab world, starting on
Venue-Shopping and the Role of Non-governmental Organisations in the Development of the European Union Asylum Policy
The development of cooperation on asylum and migration matters in the European Union (EU) has often been explained as the result of ‘venue-shopping’, that is, the move by national policy-makers to a new EU policy venue in order to circumvent domestic obstacles. However, focusing on the case of asylum, recent literature has argued that, contrary to expectations, the move to the EU policy venue has actually resulted in a rise in asylum standards ov…
EU Counterterrorism and the Southern Mediterranean Countries after the Arab Spring
The European Union's (EU) relationship with North African countries has long been the subject of intense academic enquiry. For many years, the EU has performed a difficult balancing act between managing the security concerns of its member states, dealing with authoritarian regimes that have questionable human rights records, creating and maintaining good economic relations, and pursuing more normative objectives. Have security objectives overridd…
Securitization' revisited
Securitization theory seeks to explain the politics through which (1) the security character of public problems is established, (2) the social commitments resulting from the collective acceptance that a phenomenon is a threat are fixed and (3) the possibility of a particular policy is created. In the last decade, research on securitization has grown significantly. The aim of this article is to evaluate the achievements of securitization theory. F…
The development of the EU asylum policy
The development of the EU asylum and migration policy is often explained as the result of ‘venue-shopping’, that is, the move by policy-makers to an EU policy venue in order to avoid national constraints. This article demonstrates \nthat, contrary to what would have been expected on the basis of this widespread view, EU co-operation on asylum matters has actually led to a rise in the legal standards \napplicable to asylum-seekers and refugees. Th…
The collective securitisation of terrorism in the European Union
The securitisation of migration in the European Union
This article investigates the evolving security practices of one of the key actors in the handling of asylum-seekers and migrants at the external borders of the European Union (EU) Member States, the European Border and Coast Guard Agency, widely referred to as ‘Frontex’. It does so by applying a revised version of the Copenhagen School’s securitisation framework, which focuses on security practices and is underpinned by an understanding of secur…
Introduction
The EU has been making strong inroads into the realm of security over the last few years. This is a remarkable development, since security matters used to be the preserve of states. The articles presented in this special issue all testify to the breadth of the EU security agenda, as they all try to capture some aspects of the EU’s fast-changing security policies following the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty on 1 December 2009. In parallel w…
The Creation of FRONTEX and the Politics of Institutionalisation in the EU External Borders Policy
In a context of high politicization, if not securitization, of asylum and migration in Europe, the European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the EU – also known under its acronym FRONTEX – was created in 2004. Its activities have drawn a significant amount of attention and have been heavily criticised by human rights and pro-migrant groups. In contrast with most of the literature…
De-centring the Securitisation of Asylum and Migration in the European Union
This article contributes to the debates on de-centring the analysis of migration governance in Europe by focusing on the potential role of external actors in the securitisation of asylum and migration in the European Union (EU). Although there has been a growing amount of literature on the securitisation of asylum and migration in the EU, the role possibly played by external actors in this securitisation process has not been considered to date. T…
EU Counterterrorism and the European Neighbourhood Policy
Terrorists trained on European soil, but originating from the Middle East, attacked the world's only superpower on September 11, 2001. Countering this terrorist threat has become an increasingly significant part of European Foreign Policy. At the same time, the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) has become an increasingly important dimension of European Foreign Policy. This article examines the extent to which counterterrorism has occupied a pro…
The European Union Asylum Policy after the Treaty of Lisbon and the Stockholm Programme
Cooperation on asylum has significantly developed amongst the European Union Member States in recent years. This is remarkable given the sensitivity of asylum matters, which are inherently highly political. All the articles presented in this special issue aim to capture some aspects of the European Union fast changing asylum policy following the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon and the adoption of the Stockholm Programme in December 2009.…
Securitization of Covid-19 as a Security Norm
In this article, we analyze the emergence of a global security norm of the COVID-19 epidemic as a threat to international security. This crisis is one of the gravest crises that humanity has experienced since the end of World War II in terms of the number of people infected and died, but also in terms of the economic consequences. Here, we provide a framework for understanding the securitization of the COVID-19 epidemic as an international norm d…
Collective securitization and crisification of EU policy change
One of the founding fathers of the European Union (EU) was very correct in suggesting that people would only recognize the necessity of change once a crisis was upon them, as the “war on terror” would show. The EU, as this special issue shows, joined in this “war on terror”, whereby it collectively securitized the threat to become a European, rather than a national security threat – a European “war on terror”. It aims to assess the collective sec…
Refugee flows and terrorism in the European Union
Beyond Stockholm
The development of the European Union's Area of Freedom, Security, and Justice (AFSJ) has been identified by the Lisbon Treaty (2009) as one of the key objectives of the European Union (EU). Recent events have also highlighted the saliency of several of the policy issues at the heart of the AFSJ. Amongst them, one can mention the terrorist attacks in 2015 in Paris and the ongoing refugee crisis in the Mediterranean region. At the same time, the e…
Venue-Shopping and the Role of Non-governmental Organisations in the Development of the European Union Asylum Policy
The development of cooperation on asylum and migration matters in the European Union (EU) has often been explained as the result of ‘venue-shopping’, that is, the move by national policy-makers to a new EU policy venue in order to circumvent domestic obstacles. However, focusing on the case of asylum, recent literature has argued that, contrary to expectations, the move to the EU policy venue has actually resulted in a rise in asylum standards ov…
Introduction
Additional informationNotes on contributorsChristian KaunertChristian Kaunert is Professor of International Politics and Jean Monnet Chair in EU Justice and Home Affairs at the University of Dundee, United Kingdom. He also holds a Marie Curie Career Integration Grant (2012–2016) funded by the Seventh European Community Framework Programme. Email: [email protected] D OcchipintiJohn D Occhipinti is Professor of Political Science and direct…
Between a rock and a hard place?’
This article focuses on the financial sanctions adopted by the European Union (EU) against individuals suspected of involvement in terrorist activities. This sanctions regime has been sharply criticised for its negative impact on human rights and has seen several judicial challenges before the European Courts. In contrast with most of the existing literature, which focuses on legal issues or examines the consequences of the EU financial sanctions…
The collective securitization of aviation in the European Union through association with terrorism
This article analyses the expansion of European Union cooperation on aviation security using the framework of collective securitization. It establishes how 9/11 was a precipitating event that put terrorism and aviation security in the spotlight. 9/11 changed the collectively held understanding of the security threat posed by terrorism sufficiently to establish aviation security as a common policy framework rather than a national issue. 9/11 was t…
The European Union’s Response to the CBRN Terrorist Threat
Cet article examine comment l’Union européenne (UE) a cherché à faire face à la menace du terrorisme chimique, biologique, radiologique ou nucléaire (CBRN) en utilisant le Multiple Streams Framework de Kingdon. Il démontre que l’UE a considérablement développé sa réponse à la menace terroriste CBRN, mais de manière fragmentaire. Il fait également valoir que, contrairement aux débats intenses sur la menace terroriste CBRN et au grand nombre de pro…
EU Counterterrorism and the Southern Mediterranean Countries after the Arab Spring
The European Union's (EU) relationship with North African countries has long been the subject of intense academic enquiry. For many years, the EU has performed a difficult balancing act between managing the security concerns of its member states, dealing with authoritarian regimes that have questionable human rights records, creating and maintaining good economic relations, and pursuing more normative objectives. Have security objectives overridd…
Sharing the heritage of Kodiak Island with tourists
Alaska has become a popular destination for travelers to experience wilderness and possibly some of the last US places representing the western frontier. The foundation of Alaska's heritage is the great outdoors including wilderness and frontier experiences, rugged landscapes, and a plethora of outdoor recreation. Kodiak Island is an interesting case study to examine shifts in livelihood from commercial fishing to tourism and more recreation base…
Sharing the heritage of Kodiak Island with tourists
Alaska has become a popular destination for travelers to experience wilderness and possibly some of the last US places representing the western frontier. The foundation of Alaska's heritage is the great outdoors including wilderness and frontier experiences, rugged landscapes, and a plethora of outdoor recreation. Kodiak Island is an interesting case study to examine shifts in livelihood from commercial fishing to tourism and more recreation base…
Geopolitics of European Union Enlargement
The Creation of FRONTEX and the Politics of Institutionalisation in the EU External Borders Policy
In a context of high politicization, if not securitization, of asylum and migration in Europe, the European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the EU – also known under its acronym FRONTEX – was created in 2004. Its activities have drawn a significant amount of attention and have been heavily criticised by human rights and pro-migrant groups. In contrast with most of the literature…
EU border security and migration into the European Union
This article examines the contribution of the activities of FRONTEX, the Agency in charge of managing operational cooperation at the external borders of the European Union (EU), to the securitisation of asylum and migration in the EU. It does so by applying a sociological approach to the study of securitisation processes, which, it argues, is particularly well-suited to the study of securitisation processes in the EU. Such an approach privileges …
Introduction
EU Counterterrorism and the European Neighbourhood Policy
Terrorists trained on European soil, but originating from the Middle East, attacked the world's only superpower on September 11, 2001. Countering this terrorist threat has become an increasingly significant part of European Foreign Policy. At the same time, the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) has become an increasingly important dimension of European Foreign Policy. This article examines the extent to which counterterrorism has occupied a pro…
The European Union Asylum Policy after the Treaty of Lisbon and the Stockholm Programme
Cooperation on asylum has significantly developed amongst the European Union Member States in recent years. This is remarkable given the sensitivity of asylum matters, which are inherently highly political. All the articles presented in this special issue aim to capture some aspects of the European Union fast changing asylum policy following the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon and the adoption of the Stockholm Programme in December 2009.…
Introduction
The EU has been making strong inroads into the realm of security over the last few years. This is a remarkable development, since security matters used to be the preserve of states. The articles presented in this special issue all testify to the breadth of the EU security agenda, as they all try to capture some aspects of the EU’s fast-changing security policies following the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty on 1 December 2009. In parallel w…
Between a rock and a hard place?’
This article focuses on the financial sanctions adopted by the European Union (EU) against individuals suspected of involvement in terrorist activities. This sanctions regime has been sharply criticised for its negative impact on human rights and has seen several judicial challenges before the European Courts. In contrast with most of the existing literature, which focuses on legal issues or examines the consequences of the EU financial sanctions…
The development of the EU asylum policy
The development of the EU asylum and migration policy is often explained as the result of ‘venue-shopping’, that is, the move by policy-makers to an EU policy venue in order to avoid national constraints. This article demonstrates \nthat, contrary to what would have been expected on the basis of this widespread view, EU co-operation on asylum matters has actually led to a rise in the legal standards \napplicable to asylum-seekers and refugees. Th…
Venue-Shopping and the Role of Non-governmental Organisations in the Development of the European Union Asylum Policy
The development of cooperation on asylum and migration matters in the European Union (EU) has often been explained as the result of ‘venue-shopping’, that is, the move by national policy-makers to a new EU policy venue in order to circumvent domestic obstacles. However, focusing on the case of asylum, recent literature has argued that, contrary to expectations, the move to the EU policy venue has actually resulted in a rise in asylum standards ov…
EU Counterterrorism and the Southern Mediterranean Countries after the Arab Spring
The European Union's (EU) relationship with North African countries has long been the subject of intense academic enquiry. For many years, the EU has performed a difficult balancing act between managing the security concerns of its member states, dealing with authoritarian regimes that have questionable human rights records, creating and maintaining good economic relations, and pursuing more normative objectives. Have security objectives overridd…
Fragile Minds and Vulnerable Souls
Special Symposium of Comparative Migration Studies
In recent years, asylum issues have become increasingly contentious in Western Europe and have been at the core of electoral campaigns in several EU Member States (Kaunert, 2009; 2010; Kaunert and Leonard, 2012). In several countries in the European Union (EU), populist or radical right-wing parties campaigning on an anti-immigration platform have achieved strong electoral scores, including the True Finns in Finland, the Freedom Party in Austria …
Introduction
Additional informationNotes on contributorsChristian KaunertChristian Kaunert is Professor of International Politics and Jean Monnet Chair in EU Justice and Home Affairs at the University of Dundee, United Kingdom. He also holds a Marie Curie Career Integration Grant (2012–2016) funded by the Seventh European Community Framework Programme. Email: [email protected] D OcchipintiJohn D Occhipinti is Professor of Political Science and direct…
Introduction
Does the Arab Spring provide a new opening for Western cooperation with the Middle East? The Arab Spring involved a revolutionary wave of demonstrations and protests in the Arab world, starting on
The Current State of Violence Risk Assessment in England and Wales
Fil: Arbach, Karin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cordoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicologicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicologicas; Argentina
Beyond Stockholm
The development of the European Union's Area of Freedom, Security, and Justice (AFSJ) has been identified by the Lisbon Treaty (2009) as one of the key objectives of the European Union (EU). Recent events have also highlighted the saliency of several of the policy issues at the heart of the AFSJ. Amongst them, one can mention the terrorist attacks in 2015 in Paris and the ongoing refugee crisis in the Mediterranean region. At the same time, the e…
Securitization' revisited
Securitization theory seeks to explain the politics through which (1) the security character of public problems is established, (2) the social commitments resulting from the collective acceptance that a phenomenon is a threat are fixed and (3) the possibility of a particular policy is created. In the last decade, research on securitization has grown significantly. The aim of this article is to evaluate the achievements of securitization theory. F…
The collective securitisation of terrorism in the European Union
Refugees, Security and the European Union
This book analyses the extent and the modalities of the securitization of asylum-seekers and refugees in the EU. It argues that the development of the EU asylum policy, far from 'securitizing' asylum-seekers and refugees, has led to the strengthening and codification of several rights for these two categories of persons. However, the securitization of terrorism and the links that have been constructed between asylum, irregular migration and terro…
The European Union’s Response to the CBRN Terrorist Threat
Cet article examine comment l’Union européenne (UE) a cherché à faire face à la menace du terrorisme chimique, biologique, radiologique ou nucléaire (CBRN) en utilisant le Multiple Streams Framework de Kingdon. Il démontre que l’UE a considérablement développé sa réponse à la menace terroriste CBRN, mais de manière fragmentaire. Il fait également valoir que, contrairement aux débats intenses sur la menace terroriste CBRN et au grand nombre de pro…
Collective securitization and crisification of EU policy change
One of the founding fathers of the European Union (EU) was very correct in suggesting that people would only recognize the necessity of change once a crisis was upon them, as the “war on terror” would show. The EU, as this special issue shows, joined in this “war on terror”, whereby it collectively securitized the threat to become a European, rather than a national security threat – a European “war on terror”. It aims to assess the collective sec…
The collective securitization of aviation in the European Union through association with terrorism
This article analyses the expansion of European Union cooperation on aviation security using the framework of collective securitization. It establishes how 9/11 was a precipitating event that put terrorism and aviation security in the spotlight. 9/11 changed the collectively held understanding of the security threat posed by terrorism sufficiently to establish aviation security as a common policy framework rather than a national issue. 9/11 was t…
Refugee flows and terrorism in the European Union
Political science (28 works) · European union (21 works) · Law (21 works) · International trade (20 works) · Economics (18 works) · Law (18 works) · Sociology (18 works) · Political economy (17 works) · Business (12 works) · Global Security and Public Health (12 works)