Martin Brown
Biographic Data
| ID | 3771995 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Martin Brown |
| GIVEN NAMES | Martin |
| FAMILY NAME | Brown |
| SIGNATURE | BROWN M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Dublin City University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5436-354X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 57 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 52 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 56 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1985 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
The impact of professional doctorates
Professional doctorate programmes provide learners with an alternative to the traditional PhD. These programmes offer doctorate-level study that both informs and is informed by professional practice. Despite many definitions of professional doctorates emphasising their grounding in professional practice, there is little tangible evidence of their impact on professional knowledge, practice, or the workplace. This paper presents the findings of a m…
Distributed Leadership in Distinct Educational Contexts
This study examines how distributed leadership (DL) is enacted by school principals in two contrasting education systems: Ireland and Türkiye. It investigates how policy environments and institutional structures shape leadership practices across these contexts. The findings indicate that principals in Türkiye experience highly centralized governance structures as constraining the enactment of DL, whereas principals in Ireland emphasize ongoing ef…
The power of coaching in the professional learning and development of school leaders
School leadership has been shown to have a profound influence on students’ experiences and outcomes. Following the success of leadership coaching in industry, coaching has started to feature as a mechanism in the professional learning and development of school leaders. However, to date, evidence of how the various elements of coaching are embedded in the professional learning and development of school leaders is limited. To fill the lacuna of res…
Beyond economics
Early school leaving (ESL) remains a critical challenge across Europe, with profound implications for individuals and society, encompassing economic disadvantages, social exclusion, and reduced life opportunities. This systematic literature review examines the cultural factors that underpin patterns of ESL, employing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology to synthesize findings from 59 studies …
Early School Leaving by Design—Prevention, Intervention and Compensation—A Policy Analysis of Early School Leaving and Underachievement Interventions in Europe
The purpose of this paper is to provide a comparative policy analysis of successful strategies that have been implemented across European countries to address early school leaving (ESL) and academic underachievement. Employing a transformative and multidimensional approach, the study examines systemic and local interventions that integrate cognitive and socio-emotional dimensions of learning. Using Eurostat data to categorise countries based on t…
Does school inspection lead to school improvement? A case study
This study examines the role of school inspections in driving improvement within an initially a low-performing secondary school in Ireland over a 15-year period. Through a longitudinal case study, the research investigates the impact of three inspection cycles on school development. The study draws on a thematic review of literature to contextualise the evolving functions, roles, and frameworks of the Irish Inspectorate from 1996 to the present, …
Fostering teacher agency
Teacher agency is attracting research attention, given the changed direction in curriculum reform towards local agency in curriculum enactment. However, in the context of instrumental priorities such as performance in national standardised testing, which remain dominant in school systems, enabling teacher agency remains challenging. This paper, part of a larger research project, explores teacher agency in the DCU Changemaker Schools Network (DCU …
What Can We Learn From Cross‐Cultural Comparisons of Professional Development? Professional Development Ecosystems in Ireland and Turkey
This comparative study explores the professional development (PD) landscapes of educators in Ireland and Turkey, exploring their respective needs, expectations, challenges and levels of satisfaction with the PD that is available. Employing a qualitative approach, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a diverse cohort of teachers in both countries. The findings reveal a universal appreciation for PD among educators, yet notable divergence…
Academic freedom in Irish higher education
Academic freedom has been the subject of considerable debate, in terms of the academic practices of academics and students, and the role of democratic principles in higher education. It has been argued that academic freedom is being threatened in several European countries, including those within the EU. To explore how academic freedom is experienced by academics and postgraduate students in one European country, Ireland, that has witnessed signi…
A multilevel investigation of factors related to achievement in Ireland and Spain using Pisa data
The Program for International Assessment (PISA) is a methodology for making comparative judgments about the quality of education systems. Celebrated by proponents as a transparent process that allows policy makers produce data informed judgments about relative quality of their national education system PISA – and through it the OECD – has become a key vehicle for informing and explaining educational policy development. This paper explores the Iri…
Developing culturally responsive school leaders in Ireland and Spain. The evolving role of professional development
Recent migration patterns have had a profound impact on education systems becoming more diverse in their student body but also influencing school climate and resource provision. A multisite case study approach and semi-structured interviews with 13 principals and 17 teachers were used to identify the challenges and opportunities for culturally responsive leadership in schools in Ireland and Spain. The findings provide an overview of the complex s…
Teacher leadership in school self-evaluation
The importance of school self-evaluation (SSE) as a school improvement mechanism has been acknowledged by increases in the number of countries with legal requirements for schools to conduct self-evaluation. Despite the provision of a range of support to schools to encourage their engagement with SSE, many implementation challenges have been highlighted in research from various jurisdictions, where SSE has been introduced. The provision of profess…
School inspections
This study aims to explore the perspectives of school inspectors and leaders on the quality of school inspection in four countries with different inspection systems: Dubai, Ireland, New Zealand, and Pakistan. The study also examines the general perceptions of school leaders and inspectors about the impact of quality assurance agencies on teaching and learning in these countries. Using semi-structured interviews of school leaders ( n = 28) and ins…
Preparing teachers for diversity
The paper begins with an overview of migration-related diversity in Austria and Ireland, both countries with high levels of cultural, linguistic and religious diversity in schools. Research in Europe indicates that migration produces a new context for teaching, for which many teachers do not feel sufficiently prepared. Hence, teacher education is at stake and rarely looked at systematically in migration-related research in education. Therefore, i…
Researching how student voice plays out in relation to classroom practice in Irish post-primary schools
This paper makes a novel and important contribution to scholarship by developing and presenting a set of concepts and questions for those researching student voice in Ireland to consider and explore in their studies, and specifically in relation to classroom practice at post-primary level. Here, a distinction is drawn between consultations that take place inside classrooms between students and teachers and consultations that take place between ma…
Virtual and augmented reality and pre-service teachers
This study examined the impact of a brief immersive experience with virtual reality (VR) on pre-service teachers' self-efficacy and attitudes towards technology in education. The study found that although pre-service teachers were aware of VR and augmented reality (AR) technologies, they lacked experience using them. The intervention had a positive impact on their beliefs and confidence in using innovative information and communications technolog…
Analysis of Covid-19 Case Demographics and Disease Outcomes in Gary, Indiana
The current study demonstrates clear health disparities of income and race in the context of COVID-19-related infections and outcomes in the city of Gary. Indiana University School of Medicine Northwest and GHD officials can collaborate to utilize these data for the reallocation of resources and health education efforts in Gary's highly populated, low-income, and predominantly Black neighborhoods. It should also prompt further investigation into …
Middle leaders as policy translators
This paper picks up and elaborates on the conception of policy translators in schools – key actors in the enactment of policy. The qualitative data presented here highlight how it is often middle leaders doing high-profile policy work in schools, turning ideas into actions and bringing policy to life. As translators, they organise, manage, lead, plan, produce, inspire, persuade, and appease, and in doing so they translate policy into practice and…
Challenges and opportunities for culturally responsive leadership in schools
Whether voluntary or enforced, increasing patterns of migration have significantly impacted schools by making them linguistically, culturally, religiously and ethnically more diverse than ever before. This increasing diversity requires school leaders to put in place mechanisms to ensure equity of participation for migration background students. Dimmock and Walker (2005) believe that school leaders need to play a vital role in promoting and sustai…
Virtual Reality in Initial Teacher Education (VRITE)
This small-scale design-based study describes a cyclical model of professional learning between three stakeholders in initial teacher education (ITE) namely: university-based educators (UEs), student teachers (STs) and co-operating teachers (CTs). This model promotes the development of digital learning leaders through an innovative mentoring process. This process started with university-based educators (UEs) mentoring their student teachers (STs)…
Deconstructing the challenges and opportunities for blended learning in the post emergency learning era
This paper, as part of a European Commission-funded project entitled REBEL (Repurposing Education through Blended Learning), deconstructs school communities understanding of the challenges and opportunities for blended learning in the school sector in Ireland with perceptions shaped by experiences of enforced school closures during the pandemic. It provides an overview of five case studies in primary and post-primary schools in Ireland. The findi…
Student voice and the school hierarchy
This paper shows how the commitment of senior leadership teams to student voice is not necessarily shared by teachers. As part of a wider study, this paper presents qualitative data generated through interviews with school staff in one Irish post-primary school with a strong culture of student voice to illustrate the discrepancy that can exist between senior leaders and teachers in terms of how they embrace, enact, and experience student voice. S…
Exploring parent and student engagement in school self-evaluation in four European countries
The purpose of this paper, which is part of a three-year EU Erasmus+-funded study titled ‘Distributed Evaluation and Planning in Schools’ (DEAPS), is to provide an analysis of policies, structures, processes, supports and barriers that exist to enable or inhibit the involvement of students and parents in school evaluation in four European countries (Belgium, Ireland, Portugal and Turkey). Document analysis was used for this study and some 348 pee…
Global messages from the edge of Europe the cause and effect of leadership and planning strategies during the Covid-19 pandemic
This paper provides an analysis of the leadership and planning strategies employed by school leaders during the Covid-19 Pandemic. It draws on a series of focus group interviews with school principals from all school types in Northern Ireland. Results derived from the study shows that despite the benefits of various modes of leadership such as distributed leadership and a consensus-based approach to educational provision that is increasingly prom…
Drivers for student and parent voice in school self-evaluation activities
Craft Labor and Mechanization in Nineteenth-Century American Canning
The development of new machinery in nineteenth-century American canning followed two paths. Automative, labor-saving devices were developed to replace labor in unskilled tasks while deskilling, human-capital-saving machinery was designed to make craft labor more replaceable. Cannery operators appear to have focused on deskilling machinery as the key to greater managerial control over production. Craft workers through organizational power and pres…
The Decline of Child Labor in the U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Canning Industry
Child labor in the U.S. economy declined significantly between 1880 and 1920. This case study of the fruit and vegetable canning industry examines variations in laws, technology, and income across states and time to assess the relative importance of legal and economic factors in reducing the employment of children. The authors find that economic factors, especially a technologically driven shift toward a greater demand for adult labor, were relat…
The Decline of the Piece-Rate System in California Canning
In the following article, Professors Brown and Philips examine two questions concerning wage payment systems. First, has the prevalence of incentive systems been affected by the rise of the modern corporate enterprise? Second, what has been the effect of institutionalized unionism on the prevalence of incentive systems? Brown and Philips explore these issues through a historical case study of the decline of the piece-rate system in the California…
The Evolution of Labor Market Structure
This paper presents a historical explanation of the evolution of labor market structure and wage differentials in the California canning industry. Beginning in the late 1800s, the power of craft labor within the canneries combined with the growth of a canned goods market to stimulate mechanization, which in turn raised the cost of a casual labor force and led to nascent labor market structure. Unionization in the 1930s, itself a partial product o…
On Reputation
We study the impact of reputational incentives in markets characterised by moral hazard problems. Social preferences have been shown to enhance contract enforcement in these markets, while at the same time generating considerable wage and price rigidity. Reputation powerfully amplifies the positive effects of social preferences on contract enforcement by increasing contract efficiency substantially. This effect is, however, associated with a cons…
Middle leaders as policy translators
This paper picks up and elaborates on the conception of policy translators in schools – key actors in the enactment of policy. The qualitative data presented here highlight how it is often middle leaders doing high-profile policy work in schools, turning ideas into actions and bringing policy to life. As translators, they organise, manage, lead, plan, produce, inspire, persuade, and appease, and in doing so they translate policy into practice and…
Enacting school self-evaluation
School self-evaluation is a low-stakes policy recently mandated in Ireland and while schools are becoming more consistent in engaging in this internal mode of evaluation, their engagement has not been uniform. This paper provides new ways of thinking about, understanding, and explaining how school self-evaluation plays out in Irish schools. Subscribing to the view that policies are not simply implemented but enacted through the creative processes…
For improvement, accountability, or the economy? Reflecting on the purpose(s) of school self-evaluation in Ireland
This paper reflects on compulsory school self-evaluation in Ireland. It sets important historical and contemporary context by documenting the development of a culture of evaluation in Ireland throughout the 1990s and into the new millennium before charting the rise of school self-evaluation during the austere economic conditions of post-2008 Ireland. Three key reasons are proposed for the rise of school self-evaluation: the influence of the Organ…
Mud, Blood and Missing Men
The article gives a description of archaeological excavations at Serre and a brief historical overview of the German position south of Serre known in the Great War as the Heidenkopf or Quadrilateral. The remains of one British and two German soldiers were discovered during an excavation there in 2003. The process of identification is discussed and biographies of the two German soldiers are provided
The Rise and Fall and Rise of Academic Selection
There has been much public discussion about church-controlled schools north and south and the potential issues involved if constitutional change was to occur. However, there has been far less debate about Northern
External specialist support for school self-evaluation
With an increasing emphasis on school self-evaluation as a mechanism for school improvement, many countries provide a range of supports to guide schools through the self-evaluation process. While models of support vary across jurisdictions, there are a number of common approaches that prevail, including the provision of an external specialist to support the school self-evaluation process. However, there is very little research carried out in rela…
Serious Offending and the Management of Public Risk in New Zealand
Amendments to Mew Zealand's Criminal Justice Act 1985 have produced a twin track policy similar in form to that operating in England and Wales. The theoretical or empirical validity of these measures is examined and data from New Zealand used to test core assumptions of the policy: in particular: (1) that future harmful behaviour—dangcrousness—is adequately described or predicted by current behaviour; (2) that in the long run public exposure to r…
Competition, Racism, and Hiring Practices among California Manufacturers, 1860-1882
This paper examines the participation of Chinese men in four California industries in the late 1800s to determine the relationship between product market structure and racist hiring practices. Because white women, a traditional source of cheap labor, were scarce in post-Gold Rush California, white employers hired Chinese men, despite widespread anti-Chinese racism. As white women became plentiful, the canning and woolen mills industries began to …
The Evolution of Labor Market Structure
This paper presents a historical explanation of the evolution of labor market structure and wage differentials in the California canning industry. Beginning in the late 1800s, the power of craft labor within the canneries combined with the growth of a canned goods market to stimulate mechanization, which in turn raised the cost of a casual labor force and led to nascent labor market structure. Unionization in the 1930s, itself a partial product o…
The Decline of the Piece-Rate System in California Canning
In the following article, Professors Brown and Philips examine two questions concerning wage payment systems. First, has the prevalence of incentive systems been affected by the rise of the modern corporate enterprise? Second, what has been the effect of institutionalized unionism on the prevalence of incentive systems? Brown and Philips explore these issues through a historical case study of the decline of the piece-rate system in the California…
Craft Labor and Mechanization in Nineteenth-Century American Canning
The development of new machinery in nineteenth-century American canning followed two paths. Automative, labor-saving devices were developed to replace labor in unskilled tasks while deskilling, human-capital-saving machinery was designed to make craft labor more replaceable. Cannery operators appear to have focused on deskilling machinery as the key to greater managerial control over production. Craft workers through organizational power and pres…
Citizenship, Gender, and Work
Competition, Racism, and Hiring Practices among California Manufacturers, 1860-1882
This paper examines the participation of Chinese men in four California industries in the late 1800s to determine the relationship between product market structure and racist hiring practices. Because white women, a traditional source of cheap labor, were scarce in post-Gold Rush California, white employers hired Chinese men, despite widespread anti-Chinese racism. As white women became plentiful, the canning and woolen mills industries began to …
Off The Books
The Decline of Child Labor in the U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Canning Industry
Child labor in the U.S. economy declined significantly between 1880 and 1920. This case study of the fruit and vegetable canning industry examines variations in laws, technology, and income across states and time to assess the relative importance of legal and economic factors in reducing the employment of children. The authors find that economic factors, especially a technologically driven shift toward a greater demand for adult labor, were relat…
Serious Offending and the Management of Public Risk in New Zealand
Amendments to Mew Zealand's Criminal Justice Act 1985 have produced a twin track policy similar in form to that operating in England and Wales. The theoretical or empirical validity of these measures is examined and data from New Zealand used to test core assumptions of the policy: in particular: (1) that future harmful behaviour—dangcrousness—is adequately described or predicted by current behaviour; (2) that in the long run public exposure to r…
Financial Decision-Making
Financial Decision-Making: Are Women Really More Risk-Averse? by Renate Schubert, Martin Brown, Matthias Gysler and Hans Wolfgang Brachinger. Published in volume 89, issue 2, pages 381-385 of American Economic Review, May 1999
Measuring Costs
BACKGROUND: Accurate estimation of medical care costs raises a host of issues, both practical and methodological. OBJECTIVES: This article reviews methods for estimating the long-term medical care costs associated with a cancer diagnosis. METHODS: The authors consider data from administrative claims databases and describe the analytic challenges posed by these increasingly common resources. They present a number of statistical methods that are va…
Race/Ethnicity and the Intensity of Medical Monitoring Under ‘Watchful Waiting’ for Prostate Cancer
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have found that racial/ethnic minority patients with prostate cancer are more frequently managed with "watchful waiting." Little, however, is known about the medical care received among men managed with watchful waiting. We examine the type and intensity of medical monitoring received by African American, Hispanic, and white patients with prostate cancer managed with "watchful waiting" in fee-for-service systems. METH…
Mud, Blood and Missing Men
The article gives a description of archaeological excavations at Serre and a brief historical overview of the German position south of Serre known in the Great War as the Heidenkopf or Quadrilateral. The remains of one British and two German soldiers were discovered during an excavation there in 2003. The process of identification is discussed and biographies of the two German soldiers are provided
On Reputation
We study the impact of reputational incentives in markets characterised by moral hazard problems. Social preferences have been shown to enhance contract enforcement in these markets, while at the same time generating considerable wage and price rigidity. Reputation powerfully amplifies the positive effects of social preferences on contract enforcement by increasing contract efficiency substantially. This effect is, however, associated with a cons…
Health and economic burden of the projected obesity trends in the USA and the UK
Cultural Heritage, Ethics, and the Military
P2-353 Socioeconomic trends in obesity in Egypt
Introduction Middle Eastern and North African countries have some of the highest obesity prevalence levels in the world (40% among women in Egypt in 2008). The prevalence of obesity in low-and-middle income countries has been rising in the last 2 decades and its socioeconomic distribution appears to be changing to the disadvantage of those with low socioeconomic status (SES) in many low-and-middle income countries. Methods We first use five natio…
P2-185 Is the rise in obesity prevalence in England and Wales flattening
Introduction Estimates suggest that by 2020 around 40% of adults will be obese, this is likely to cause a serious rise in related morbidity and mortality and health service cost. This work examines the Health Survey for England from 1993 to 2008, to test for a recent change in the apparently inexorable rise in the prevalence of obesity. Methods We compared these projections using methods developed for the Foresight Tackling Obesities programme fo…
P1-239 How changes in the rates of obesity and smoking prevalence in England will have an impact on the future incidence of coronary heart disease
Introduction Smoking prevalence in England has been falling since the 1970s, leading to a substantial reduction in Coronary Heart Disease; but it is now relatively static. At the same time obesity rates have steadily been rising. This is confounded by the fact that giving up smoking has been associated with significant weight gain. Methods We use methods developed for the English Government Tackling Obesities to predict future trends in obesity a…
OP26 By-State Comparison of Obesity Trends in The Adult Population of the United States of America
Background Excess bodyweight is associated with negative effects on longevity, disability-free life-years, quality-of-life, and productivity. High prevalence of obesity and over-weight is often related to socioeconomic status, educational attainment, and ethnic group. The combination of rising obesity prevalence and increased spending on obese people has been estimated to account for 27% of the growth in US health-care expenditure between 1987 an…
PP03 A Big Problem for a Big Country. The Health and Economic Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases in Russia
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in Russia is 2-3 times higher than in the rest of the developed world and accounts for 57% of all deaths. It has been observed that in recent years mortality from stroke is declining, whereas that from myocardial infarction is increasing. Modifiable risk factors: excessive alcohol and tobacco consumption, diet and sedentary lifestyles, have a negative effect on life expectancy resulting in high mo…
Alarming predictions for obesity and non-communicable diseases in the Middle East
Objective The present study aimed to model obesity trends and future obesity-related disease for nine countries in the Middle East; in addition, to explore how hypothetical reductions in population obesity levels could ameliorate anticipated disease burdens. Design A regression analysis of cross-sectional data v . BMI showed age- and sex-specific BMI trends, which fed into a micro simulation with a million Monte Carlo trials for each country. We …
Obesity prevalence in Mexico
Objective Along with other countries having high and low-to-middle income, Mexico has experienced a substantial change in obesity rates. This rapid growth in obesity prevalence has led to high rates of obesity-related diseases and associated health-care costs. Design Micro-simulation is used to project future BMI trends. Additionally thirteen BMI-related diseases and health-care costs are estimated. The results are simulated for three hypothetica…
Italian vices. Nation and character from the Risorgimento to the republic
Italian vices. Nation and character from the Risorgimento to the republic." National Identities, 19(3), pp. 365–366
Modelling the implications of reducing smoking prevalence
These findings strengthen the case to set bold targets on long-term declines in smoking prevalence to achieve a tobacco 'endgame'. Results demonstrate the health and economic benefits that meeting a TFA can achieve over just 20 years. Effective ambitions and policy interventions are needed to reduce the disease and economic burden of smoking
Modelling the implications of reducing smoking prevalence
Increasing the UK TDE to 5% above inflation could effectively reduce smoking prevalence, prevent diseases and avoid healthcare costs. It would deliver substantial progress towards a tobacco-free society and should be implemented by the UK Government with urgency
Political science (26 works) · Sociology (23 works) · Psychology (20 works) · Medicine (19 works) · Pedagogy (17 works) · Computer Science (13 works) · Demography (12 works) · Economics (12 works) · Evaluation and Performance Assessment (12 works) · Public relations (12 works)