Miron Zuckerman
Biographic Data
| ID | 3794232 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Miron Zuckerman |
| GIVEN NAMES | Miron |
| FAMILY NAME | Zuckerman |
| SIGNATURE | ZUCKERMAN M |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Rochester |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2420-5962 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 89 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 288 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 89 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1972 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Coherence and the Conjunction Fallacy
The conjunction fallacy occurs when, after reading about an introductory event a , participants rate a combination of two events ( b ˄ c ) as more likely than a single event b . It has been proposed that the fallacy is more likely to occur when the coherence of a, b, c —the extent to which the three events fit together to form a united and complete story—is greater than that of a, b . In the current research, participants were presented with a th…
The rod or the staff? Dispositional autonomy or control and perceptions of an autonomy-supportive or controlling God
Does Religious Priming Induce Greater Prejudice? A Meta-Analytic Review
The current meta-analysis addressed whether theistic religious beliefs are causally related to greater prejudice by analyzing 44 studies ( N total = 11,330) that used experimental designs—priming religion and then measuring negativity toward outgroups (e.g., LGBT and Muslim). The overall priming effect was significant but small ( r = .06), indicating that priming religion increases prejudice. The implications of these results for the relation bet…
Religious Americans Have Less Positive Attitudes Toward Science, but This Does Not Extend to Other Cultures
It is commonly claimed that science and religion are logically and psychologically at odds with one another. However, previous studies have mainly examined American samples; therefore, generalizations about antagonism between religion and science may be unwarranted. We examined the correlation between religiosity and attitudes toward science across 11 studies including representative data from 60 countries ( N = 66,438), nine convenience samples …
Culture Moderates the Relation Between Income Inequality and Subjective Well-Being
Liberal ideology promotes equality whereas conservative ideology justifies inequality. Four studies examined whether the liberal-conservative continuum moderates the relation between inequality and subjective well-being (SWB). All four studies found a significant moderator effect such that higher inequality was related to greater SWB in conservative countries. In liberal countries, the corresponding relation was mostly reversed but did not reach …
Religiosity predicts negative attitudes towards science and lower levels of science literacy
Past research suggests that religion and science may conflict on which is a better tool for explaining the world. This conflict implies that religiosity might negatively impact both attitudes toward science and science knowledge. However, past research has focused mostly on religious affiliation and has not consistently identified such a relation using a general religiosity measure that assesses religious beliefs and religious practice. Using two…
Reflecting on God's will
Religious People Endorse Different Standards of Evidence When Evaluating Religious Versus Scientific Claims
Recent research has begun to investigate the relationship between religion and science. However, it remains unclear whether religious and nonreligious people differ on the standards of evidence used when evaluating claims in religious versus scientific contexts. Across three studies ( N = 702), we presented participants with effects that were attributed to scientific methodology or to God and asked them to rate how many more times an effect needs…
The links of God images to women’s religiosity and coping with depression
When men and women differ in self-esteem and when they don’t
Smoking at the workplace
People hold diverse beliefs regarding the etiologies of individual and group differences in behaviors which, in turn, might affect their attitudes and behaviors. It is important to establish how perceived etiologies for smoking might affect the effectiveness of policy initiatives and prevention efforts. The present study assessed whether exposure to genetic vs. environmental accounts for smoking affects attitudes towards a) workplace-related smok…
Narcissism and well‐being
This study used a longitudinal design to examine both concurrent and prospective relations between narcissism and several indicators of well‐being in a non‐clinical population. Consistent with previous research, the concurrent analyses showed that (1) narcissism was related to greater well‐being with self‐esteem fully mediating the association, and (2) narcissism was related to greater self‐esteem contingency on negative interpersonal events. The…
Costs of Self‐Handicapping
Four studies examined the relation of trait self‐handicapping with health‐related measures. Study 1 showed that, over time, self‐handicapping and maladjustment reinforce each other. Study 2 showed that self‐handicappers reported a loss in competence satisfaction which, in turn, mediated the relation of self‐handicapping with negative mood. Study 3 found that, over time, self‐handicappers report an increase in substance use. Study 4 showed that se…
The Cope revised
The Development of the Self-Regulation of Withholding Negative Emotions Questionnaire
Based on the Self-Determination Theory, a questionnaire was developed to measure individual differences in the Self-Regulation of Withholding Negative Emotions (SRWNE). Measurement reliability and validity concerning the scale were examined in three studies. Results in Study 1 demonstrated the distinctiveness of the SRWNE from emotional regulation measures, suggesting that the SRWNE may be appropriate to measure styles of self-regulation and to c…
A Nondefensive Personality
Consequences of self-handicapping
Beliefs m Realistic and Unrealistic Control
Scales were constructed to measure perceived control over controllable events (realistic control) and perceived control over uncontrollable events (unrealistic control). Internal reliability, test‐retest reliability, and discriminant validity of both scales were adequate. Study 1 measured perceived personal control over hassles that judges rated on general controllability. For hassles very high in controllability, perceived personal control was r…
The relation between overly positive self-evaluation and adjustment
C.R. Colvin, J. Block, and D.C. Funder (1995) calculated a self-enhancement index-the discrepancy between favorability of participants' self-ratings and favorability of others' ratings of the participants. They found that the index was negatively correlated with psychological adjustment. However, the discrepancy between self- and other-ratings cannot add to the variance accounted for once self-ratings and other-ratings are controlled for. Consequ…
Causality Orientations and the Disappearance of the Self-Serving Bias
Theoretical work (Deci & Ryan, 1987) has implicated causality orientations as potential moderators of defensive attributions. The present study examined whether autonomy and control orientations moderate the attributional tendency to take more responsibility for success than failure. We examined both additive and synergistic models of the effect of causality orientations on self-serving attributions. We found that this self-serving bias disappear…
The relation between overly positive self-evaluation and adjustment
Effects of Attractiveness and Maturity of Face and Voice on Interpersonal Impressions
We examined effects of attractiveness and maturity of face and voice on interpersonal impressions. Higher attractiveness, both facial and vocal, resulted in more positive impressions. However, facial attractiveness influenced primarily interpersonal dimensions (extroversion, warmth, and agreeableness) whereas vocal attractiveness influenced primarily more private dimensions (neuroticism and conscientiousness). Higher maturity, both facial and voc…
Hypothesis confirmation
Hypothesis testers tend to ask hypothesis-consistent questions (i.e., they ask about features more likely under the hypothesis than under the alternative). Targets tend to acquiesce (i.e., they provide more yes than no answers). Because yes answers to hypothesis-consistent questions confirm the hypothesis being tested, hypothesis testers should generate hypothesis-confirming data. In the present study, naive hypothesis testers questioned naive ta…
Causality Orientations, Failure, and Achievement
Two studies examined similarities between Deci and Ryan's (1985) causality orientations theory and Dweck and Leggett's (1988) social‐cognitive theory of achievement. Study 1 examined the conceptual similarity between the individual difference measures central to the two theories. It was shown that autonomous college students are likely to adopt learning goals and report high confidence in their academic abilities; controlled students are likely t…
Self-Peer Agreement as a Function of Two Kinds of Trait Relevance
We proposed a refinement of the construct of trait relevance that would allow for more accurate prediction of self-peer agreement. A distinction is offered between a given trait's personal and social relevance. Personal relevance refers to whether a trait is central to a person's self-identity whereas social relevance refers to the perceived social value of a given trait. People reporting that a trait is central to their identity are expected to …
Facial and vocal cues of deception and honesty
Belief in a just world and altruistic behavior
Encoding and decoding of spontaneous and posed facial expressions
To dispel fantasies about the fantasy-based measure of fear of success
Consequences of self-handicapping
Comparison of three models for predicting altruistic behavior
This study compared three models for predicting altruistic behavior. Blood donations were examined as a function of intention (Fishbein's model), moral norms and ascription of responsibilit y (Schwartz's model), and attitudes and self-monitoring (Snyder's model). Donating behavior was shown to be predicted best as a function of intentions and attitudes (R — .49), while intentions were best described as a function of attitudes, social norms, and m…
When men and women differ in self-esteem and when they don’t
Praise, involvement, and intrinsic motivation
Experimentation sur les relations entre le type d'implication, la motivation et le contenu des encouragements (centres sur les aptitudes ou sur l'effort): l'orientation sur la tâche et le renforcement par l'aptitude entrainent le meilleur niveau de motivation
A Nondefensive Personality
Face and tone of voice in the communication of deception
The contributions of face and tone of voice (filtered speech) to the communication of honest and deceptive messages were examined. In general, tone of voice was a better source of deception and than the face. In addition, raters' judgments of the combined audiovisual channel were better predicted from their judgments of tone of voice when the message was deceptive and from their judgments of the face when the message was honest. The relative impo…
Determinants of consensus estimates
Five experiments examined the effects of attribution, salience, and representativeness of a target person's behavior on consensus bias--the tendency to generalize from the target's behavior to the behavior of the group. Ss were 762 undergraduates. Exp I showed that actors and observers induced to ma
Use of consensus information in prediction of behavior
Belief in a just world and trust
The Cope revised
Causality Orientations and the Disappearance of the Self-Serving Bias
Theoretical work (Deci & Ryan, 1987) has implicated causality orientations as potential moderators of defensive attributions. The present study examined whether autonomy and control orientations moderate the attributional tendency to take more responsibility for success than failure. We examined both additive and synergistic models of the effect of causality orientations on self-serving attributions. We found that this self-serving bias disappear…
Effects of Attractiveness and Maturity of Face and Voice on Interpersonal Impressions
We examined effects of attractiveness and maturity of face and voice on interpersonal impressions. Higher attractiveness, both facial and vocal, resulted in more positive impressions. However, facial attractiveness influenced primarily interpersonal dimensions (extroversion, warmth, and agreeableness) whereas vocal attractiveness influenced primarily more private dimensions (neuroticism and conscientiousness). Higher maturity, both facial and voc…
Facial, autonomic, and subjective components of emotion
Encoding and decoding nonverbal cues of emotion
Subjects ("senders") encoded six emotions twice, first via facial expressions and second via tone of voice. These expressions were recorded and presented for decoding to the senders and an additional group of judges. Results were as follows: (a) the ability to encode and the ability to decode both visual and auditory cues were significantly related; (b) the relationship between encoding and decoding cues of the same emotion appeared low or negati…
Hypothesis confirmation
Hypothesis testers tend to ask hypothesis-consistent questions (i.e., they ask about features more likely under the hypothesis than under the alternative). Targets tend to acquiesce (i.e., they provide more yes than no answers). Because yes answers to hypothesis-consistent questions confirm the hypothesis being tested, hypothesis testers should generate hypothesis-confirming data. In the present study, naive hypothesis testers questioned naive ta…
Controlling nonverbal displays
Reflecting on God's will
Narcissism and well‐being
This study used a longitudinal design to examine both concurrent and prospective relations between narcissism and several indicators of well‐being in a non‐clinical population. Consistent with previous research, the concurrent analyses showed that (1) narcissism was related to greater well‐being with self‐esteem fully mediating the association, and (2) narcissism was related to greater self‐esteem contingency on negative interpersonal events. The…
To predict some of the people some of the time
To predict some of the people some of the time
Facial, autonomic, and subjective components of emotion
Two different models have been advanced concerning the role of facial expression in the experience of emotion. The facial feedback hypothesis states that facial expressions regulate affective experience. This position has been supported by findings that experimentally induced changes in facial expressiveness produced corresponding changes in autonomic responses and self-reports of emotion. A second model posits that expressive behavior and autono…
Personality and Situational Factors in the Process of Inferring Attitudes from Behavior
Ss were told that they were going to convince passers-by in the street to sign a petition against air pollution, (a) if this was in accordance with their attitudes (belief-relevant condition), (b) no matter what their attitudes were (belief-irrelevant condition). All Ss filled out a questionnaire indicating the extent to which they generally utilize external cues when inferring inner dispositions. Belief-relevant Ss were more opposed to air pollu…
Relationship between the Attractiveness of a Competitor and His Chances of Winning the Race
Before the election, 112 voters rated Nixon and McGovern on a 7-point attraction scale and evaluated the two men's chances of winning. After the election, the same voters were asked to re-rate the candidates. It was found that Ss expressed a greater liking for the candidate they were going to vote for if they thought he had relatively less chances of winning (the “underdog effect”). Voters also overestimated their candidate's chances of winning. …
Attribution Processes and Anxiety over Dental Treatment
Ability, Home Environment, and Belief in a Just World as Determinants of Allocation of Rewards
150 subjects were given information about the aptitude and home environment of four hypothetical students they were going to grade. Aptitude was described as being either low or high; home environment was described as being either detrimental or conducive to academic performance. Subjects' beliefs in a just world were also measured on Rubin and Peplau's Just World Scale (1973). With examination performance held constant, low ability and detriment…
To dispel fantasies about the fantasy-based measure of fear of success
Encoding and decoding nonverbal cues of emotion
Subjects ("senders") encoded six emotions twice, first via facial expressions and second via tone of voice. These expressions were recorded and presented for decoding to the senders and an additional group of judges. Results were as follows: (a) the ability to encode and the ability to decode both visual and auditory cues were significantly related; (b) the relationship between encoding and decoding cues of the same emotion appeared low or negati…
Belief in a just world and altruistic behavior
To dispel fantasies about the fantasy-based measure of fear of success
Encoding and decoding of spontaneous and posed facial expressions
Correlates of the Just World Factor of Rotter's I-E Scale
The 23 forced-choice items of Rotter's I-E Scale were converted into 46 Likert agree-disagree items. Intercorrelations of the 46 I-E items were subjected to a principal factor analysis. A varimax rotation yielded four subscales: Belief in a difficult world, a just world, a politically responsive world, and a predictable world. Most items with high loadings on the just world factor had low loadings on the first principal factor. Further, a correla…
Dimensions of the I-E Scale and their Relationship to Other Personality Measures
The 46 alternatives in the original 23-item forced-choice format of the I-E scale were administered in a Likert agree-disagree format. The intercorrelations of the 46 alternatives were subjected to a principal components analysis. A varimax rotation of four factors yielded four subscales comparable to those reported by Collins (1974): Belief in a difficult world, a just world, a politically responsive world, and a predictable world. Subjects' res…
Belief in infernal control or belief in a just world
Justice needs a new blindfold
Studies on factors that may influence jurors' verdicts are reviewed. These factors include characteristics of the jurors, characteristics of the victim and defendant, judges' instructions regarding pretrial publicity and inadmissible evidence, number and severity of decision alternatives, jurors' conception of guilt, and size of the jury and its decision rule. Data have indicated that many extra-evidential factors contribute to mock jurors' verdi…
Justice needs a new blindfold
Belief in a just world and trust
On the Importance of Self-Determination for Intrinsically-Motivated Behavior
Yoked pairs of subjects solved puzzles such that one member of each pair was given choice about what puzzles to work on and how much time to allot to each, while the yoked subject was assigned the same puzzles and time allotments as those chosen by the first subject. It was predicted and found that subjects who chose the activities and time allotments -in other words, who had additional self-determination--would be more intrinsically motivated th…
Actions and occurrences in Kelley's cube
Use of consensus information in prediction of behavior
Comparison of three models for predicting altruistic behavior
This study compared three models for predicting altruistic behavior. Blood donations were examined as a function of intention (Fishbein's model), moral norms and ascription of responsibilit y (Schwartz's model), and attitudes and self-monitoring (Snyder's model). Donating behavior was shown to be predicted best as a function of intentions and attitudes (R — .49), while intentions were best described as a function of attitudes, social norms, and m…
Posed and spontaneous communication of emotion via facial and vocal cues 1
A bstract Subjects' facial expressions were videotaped without their knowledge while they watched two pleasant and two unpleasant videotaped scenes (spontaneous facial encoding). Later, subjects' voices were audiotaped while describing their reactions to the scenes (vocal encoding). Finally, subjects were videotaped with their knowledge while they posed appropriate facial expressions to the scenes (posed facial encoding). The videotaped expressio…
Attribution of success and failure revisited, or
A bstract Do causal attributions serve the need to protect and / or enhance self‐esteem? In a recent review, Miller and Ross (1975) proposed that there is evidence for self‐serving effect in the attribution of success but not in the attribution of failure; and that this effect reflects biases in information‐processing rather than self‐esteem maintenance. The present review indicated that self‐serving effects for both success and failure are obtai…
Determinants of information-seeking behavior
Facial and vocal cues of deception and honesty
The other way around
Humans as Lie Detectors
Bella M. De Paulo, Miron Zuckerman, Robert Rosenthal; Humans as Lie Detectors, Journal of Communication, Volume 30, Issue 2, 1 June 1980, Pages 129–139, ht
Psychology (89 works) · Social Psychology (77 works) · Social Psychology (43 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (33 works) · Cognitive psychology (32 works) · Developmental psychology (31 works) · Behavioral Health and Interventions (19 works) · Deception detection and forensic psychology (16 works) · Attribution (14 works) · Computer Science (14 works)