Elizabeth Fee
Biographic Data
| ID | 380577 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Elizabeth Fee |
| GIVEN NAMES | Elizabeth |
| FAMILY NAME | Fee |
| SIGNATURE | FEE E |
| AFFILIATIONS | Elizabeth Fee is with the History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. Theodore M. Brown is with the Departments of History and of Community and Preventive Medicine at the University of Rochester, Rochester, NY. |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 176 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 234 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 174 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 4 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1976 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2020 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Aids
Women’s Health, Politics, and Power: Essays on Sex/Gender, Medicine, and Public Health
The World Health Organization
According to its Constitution, the mission of the World Health Organization (WHO) was nothing less than the 'attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health' without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic status, or social condition. But how consistently and how well has the WHO pursued this mission since 1946? This comprehensive and engaging new history explores these questions by looking at its origins and i…
An Autobiography That Is Also a History of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
"An Autobiography That Is Also a History of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention." , 108(7), pp. 841–842
Introduction to a Reprint of Emilia Lombardi’s “Enhancing Transgender Health Care”
"Introduction to a Reprint of Emilia Lombardi’s “Enhancing Transgender Health Care”." , 107(2), pp. 232–233
Quentin Young (1923-2016)
Quentin Young (1923-2016): Advocate, Activist, and “Rebel Without a Pause” Affiliation Theodore M. Brown PhD, Elizabeth Fee PhD, and Michael N. Healey Theodore M. Brown is with the Departments of History and Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY. Elizabeth Fee is with the History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD. Michael N. Healey is an undergraduate student at…
At the Roots of The World Health Organization’s Challenges
The World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) leadership challenges can be traced to its first decades of existence. Central to its governance and practice is regionalization: the division of its member countries into regions, each representing 1 geographical or cultural area. The particular composition of each region has varied over time—reflecting political divisions and especially decolonization. Currently, the 194 member countries belong to 6 regio…
Halfdan Mahler
The article discusses the life of Danish Dr. Halfdan Mahler who also served as the Secretary-General of the World Organization (WHO), and it mentions Mahler's work involving the Declaration of Alma-Ata in September 1978 in which the WHO, the United Nations Children's Fund, and 134 signatory nations declared the Health for All by 2000 goal. Social justice and global public health history are examined, along with health care accessibility and the a…
Whither WHO? Our Global Health Leadership
An introduction is presented in which the author discusses a special section in the journal which addresses the World Health Organization (WHO) and global public health leadership, and it mentions the electoral process for the WHO's director-general and WHO reform efforts
The Relevance of Public Health History
An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue including The Relationship of Fetal and Infant Mortality to Residential Segregation by Alfred Yankauer, The Social Justice Agenda” by Mary E. Northridge, and Some Urgent Social Claims” by Lavinia L. Dock
Mervyn Susser (1921–2014)
The article discusses the life and work of epidemiologist Mervyn Susser. Topics include Susser's work campaigning against the apartheid system of racial segregation, his focus, with his wife Zena Stein, on health and social injustice while running a clinic for non-Whites in South Africa, and Susser and Stein's work fighting the HIV/AIDS epidemic that broke out in the 1980s
A Return to the Social Justice Spirit of Alma-Ata
AffiliationsElizabeth Fee is with the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Theodore M. Brown is with the Department of History, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
The Air We Breathe
article focuses on a poster, The Air We Breathe, from the American Lung Association which was created as part of its environmental education program in the 1980s. It comments on the two most dominant forms of air pollution in the United States, particulate pollution and ozone, and mentions hazards include sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and lead. It talks about the increased risk of premature death caused by ozone pollution and reflects on the h…
Anemia in Puerto Rico at the Turn of the Twentieth Century
AffiliationsAna Rita Gonzalez is with Policy Wisdom LLC, Miami, FL. Elizabeth Fee is with the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
Lavinia Dock (1858–1956)
AffiliationsMary E. Garofalo is with the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Elizabeth Fee is with the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
Cognitive Dissonance in the Early Thirties
"Cognitive Dissonance in the Early Thirties: The League of Nations Health Organization Confronts the Worldwide Economic Depression." , 105(1), p. 65
Mary Steichen Calderone (1904–1998)
Mary Steichen Calderone, MD, MPH, was the foremost advocate for sex education in the United States during the pivotal decades of the 1960s and 1970s. The authors wrote this article together, based on research for a forthcoming book on Mary Calderone and other advocates for sex education by E. S. More
Ludwik Rajchman (1881–1965)
"Ludwik Rajchman (1881–1965): World Leader in Social Medicine and Director of the League of Nations Health Organization." , 104(9), pp. 1638–1639
The Lourdes Medical Cures Revisited
This article examines the cures recorded in Lourdes, France, between 1858, the year of the Visions, and 1976, the date of the last certified cure of the twentieth century. Initially, the records of cures were crude or nonexistent, and allegations of cures were accepted without question. A Medical Bureau was established in 1883 to examine and certify the cures, and the medical methodology improved steadily in the subsequent years. We discuss the c…
The Stigma of HIV
AffiliationsElizabeth Fee is with the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
Family Planning and Economic Development in CHINA
This colorful poster of a mother holding up her baby daughter against the blue sky projects an ideal image of a strong mother freed from the exhaustion of caring for many children including the burden of housework for a large family. With one child she can concentrate her time and energy on raising the child and playing an active role in the economic development of the country as well. The power lines symbolize the changes in the rural mountainou…
Ludwig Teleky (1872–1957)
LUDWIG TELEKY WAS A MAJOR international figure in early twentieth century social and occupational medicine, admired for his scientific accomplishments, legislative and regulatory achievements, and progressive political views.1 He published some 350 papers, monographs, and books and cofounded an important journal, Archiv fur Gewerbepathologie und Gewerbehygiene (Archive of Industrial Pathology and Hygiene), yet at the same time held notable admini…
Blum et al. Respond
We thank Tulchinsky for commenting on and for expanding the discussion of Natan Goldblum's contributions. We are aware that he was involved in many important projects, such as the one Tulchinsky mentions, but because of space limitations, we had to focus on only one aspect of his work—the first steps in producing the inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine in the 1950s. We are pleased to have more of Goldblum's significant projects brought to the atten…
Abel Wolman (1892-1989)
Abel Wolman was born in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1892, the fourth of six children of Polish-Jewish immigrant parents.1 He graduated from a local public high school and then attended the Johns Hopkins University. When the university opened an engineering school in 1913, Wolman joined the first civil engineering class and graduated in 1915. He spent a year in the US Public Health Service studying the water quality of the Potomac River and then joine…
Red Emma (1869–1940)
WHEN EMMA GOLDMAN WAS deported from the United States in 1919, J. Edgar Hoover called her “one of the most dangerous women in America.” Goldman retorted that “I consider it an honor to be the first political agitator to be deported from the United States.”1(p31) Goldman was probably the most accomplished, magnetic speaker of her time in the United States. A labor organizer and anarchist leader, she crisscrossed the county lecturing on anarchism, …
The World Health Organization and the Transition From “International” to “Global” Public Health
The term “global health” is rapidly replacing the older terminology of “international health.” We describe the role of the World Health Organization (WHO) in both international and global health and in the transition from one to the other. We suggest that the term “global health” emerged as part of larger political and historical processes, in which WHO found its dominant role challenged and began to reposition itself within a shifting set of pow…
Understanding Aids
The popular and scientific understanding of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States has been shaped by successive historical constructions or paradigms of disease. In the first paradigm, AIDS was conceived of as a "gay plague," by analogy with the sudden, devastating epidemics of the past. In the second, AIDS was normalized as a chronic disease to be managed medically over the long term. By examining and extending critiques…
A transição de saúde pública 'internacional' para 'global' e a Organização Mundial da Saúde
No contexto da saúde pública internacional, 'saúde global' parece estar emergindo como um termo de reconhecida preferência. Este artigo apresenta uma análise crítica do significado e importância de 'saúde global', e situa sua crescente popularidade no contexto histórico. Um foco específico deste estudo é o papel da Organização Mundial da Saúde - OMS, tanto na saúde 'internacional' quanto na 'global', e como um agente na transição de uma para outr…
Rudolf Carl Virchow
GENERALLY REGARDED AS one of the most brilliant and influential biomedical scientists of the 19th century, Rudolf Carl Virchow was, remarkably, also one of the most courageous and inspiring proponents of social medicine.1 He was born on October 13, 1821, in Schivelbein, Pomerania, then in eastern Prussia, but since 1945, part of northwestern Poland. Rebellious and intellectually gifted, in 1839 Virchow won a scholarship in 1839 to the Friedrich-W…
WHO at 60
WHEN WE THINK OF THE WORLD Health Organization (WHO), a number of dramatic moments and milestones leap to mind: the launching of the new international health organization in 1948 with the stirring preamble to its constitution; the visionary Alma Ata Declaration of 1978; the announcement in 1980 of the eradication of smallpox, the first disease to be eliminated in human history1; Jonathan Mann’s effective leadership of WHO’s international campaign…
The Bandoeng Conference of 1937
INCREASINGLY REGARDED as a milestone event, the Bandoeng (also Bandung) Conference on Rural Hygiene, held in August 1937 in what is now the third-largest city in Indonesia, capped a surge of interwar interest in “rural hygiene” and in several ways foreshadowed the World Health Organization’s famous Alma Ata Conference and Declaration of September 1978.1,2 By the 1930s and largely under the leadership of the League of Nations Health Organization (…
Public Health in Practice
Journal Article Public Health in Practice: An Early Confrontation with the 'Silent Epidemic' of Childhod Lead Paint Poisoning Get access ELIZABETH FEE ELIZABETH FEE School of Hygiene and Public Health The Johns Hopkins UniveristyBaltimore, MD 21205 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Volume 45, Issue 4, October 1990, Pages 570–606, https://doi.org/…
Years of the Pan American Health Organization
This year we celebrate the Centennial of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO).1 Born in 1902 as the International Sanitary Bureau, PAHO has gone through great transformations in its hundred-year history. From a small organization dominated by the United States Public Health Service, charged with rationalizing a complex set of quarantine regulations, it has become a genuinely international body. It now serves as the regional office of the W…
Friedrich Engels
Friedrich Engels was born on November 28, 1820, in Barmen, Germany, into a wealthy family with deep roots in the yarn and cloth industry. His father owned a textile factory in Barmen and was a partner in a cottonspinning factory in Manchester, England. At the age of 17, under pressure from his father, Friedrich began to acquire business experience. But as a spirited and precocious young man, he also published poetry, learned languages fluently, e…
At the Roots of The World Health Organization’s Challenges
The World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) leadership challenges can be traced to its first decades of existence. Central to its governance and practice is regionalization: the division of its member countries into regions, each representing 1 geographical or cultural area. The particular composition of each region has varied over time—reflecting political divisions and especially decolonization. Currently, the 194 member countries belong to 6 regio…
Whither WHO? Our Global Health Leadership
An introduction is presented in which the author discusses a special section in the journal which addresses the World Health Organization (WHO) and global public health leadership, and it mentions the electoral process for the WHO's director-general and WHO reform efforts
Birth of the American Journal of Public Health
The article discusses the history of the publication of Health. The American Health Association (APHA) was founded in 1872 and began publishing meeting transactions in its annual publication Public Health Reports and Papers, which later was titled Public Health Papers and Reports. In 1907 the of Hygiene, originally published as the Journal of the Massachusetts Association of Boards of Health, became the laboratory section of the APHA. The article…
The Origins of Public Health Nursing
LILLIAN WALD COINED THE term “public health nurse.” She believed that public health nurses must treat social and economic problems, not simply take care of sick people. The public health nurse should be involved with the health of an entire neighborhood and cooperate with social agencies to help improve living conditions. In 1893, Wald and Mary Brewster, both graduates of the New York Hospital School of Nursing, moved to the Lower East Side of Ne…
Florence Nightingale (1820–1910)
FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE WAS born of wealthy parents who expected her to do all the things young ladies of her class did: to spend much of her time in the drawing room entertaining her sister or her friends; to take occasional rides in carriages, to visit others; to appear at parties and dinners; and to be occupied with embroidery, playing the piano, and painting—but these activities were meant to be “charming” and not taken too seriously. Above all,…
Nothing to Work With but Cleanliness
The article discusses the history of midwifery in the U.S. Although midwives had been mostly displaced by physicians in the Northeastern cities by the 1920s, African American midwives continued to practice in rural communities in the Southern U.S. Reformers who wanted to end midwifery compromised by registering midwives with local health departments and requiring them to attend classes
Florence Nightingale and the Crimean War
The article presents an overview of the efforts that nurse Florence Nightingale made to improve the sanitary conditions of a military hospital in Scutari, Turkey during the Crimean War and to improve the health and hygiene of British soldiers who were patients at the hospital. A discussion of the impact that Nightingale's work had on efforts to bring attention to the importance of public health is presented. Nightingale's popularity and reputatio…
Professor Natan Goldblum
A PANDEMIC OF POLIOMYELITIS struck Israel in the early 1950s and created an urgent need for immunization against the disease. By 1956, there were 5835 cases of poliomyelitis, 85% to 90% of whom were children aged 5 years and younger.1 This pandemic began in part as a result of the massive immigration of Jews from post-war Europe and Middle Eastern and North African countries, which doubled the Israeli population within 3 years. It is possible tha…
Milton I. Roemer Advocate of Social Medicine, International Health, and National Health Insurance
MILTON ROEMER WAS BORN in 1916 in Paterson, New Jersey, where his father practiced medicine. At the age of 16, he entered Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, as a premedical student. At Cornell, he met Ruth Rosenbaum, who was soon to become Ruth Roemer, his lifelong partner in public health and health activism. Henry Sigerist, then professor of the history of medicine at Johns Hopkins, was an important influence on Roemer during his medical s…
The First Mental Hospital in China
AFTER MORE THAN 25 YEARS of planning and fundraising, American medical missionaries opened the first mental hospital in China in 1898. In 19th century China, the mentally ill were usually confined by their families in a dark room of the house, essentially neglected.1 If left to wander in the streets, they were often mocked and laughed at, and sometimes stoned. If they did anything wrong, they could be arrested and thrown into prison. Because the …
Andrija Stampar
ANDRIJA STAMPAR, ONE OF the most charismatic and beloved figures in 20th century public health, was born in the village of Drenovac, Croatia, on September 1, 1888. His father was a schoolteacher who, because of his liberal views, had to move frequently to escape the consequences of his political convictions.1 Young Andrija absorbed his father’s values and, though a brilliant student, sometimes came into conflict with his teachers when he asserted…
Jonathan Mann
The article looks at the life and death of Jonathan Mann, founder of the health and human rights movement. During the 1980s Mann and his family moved to what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo where he helped gather epidemiological, clinical, and biomedical evidence on HIV and AIDS in an African context. Later Mann jointed the World Health Organization and spearheaded the development of the first global strategy on HIV/AIDS, mobilized in…
Popularizing the Toothbrush
TOOTH DECAY IN EUROPE and America is believed to have increased dramatically during the 19th century as a result of the growing general availability of refined flour and sugar in industrially processed foods. By the end of the century, surveys showed that between 90% and 95% of all children had untreated decaying teeth.1 Most children saw a dentist—if at all—only for emergency extractions. In 1910, local dentists examined 447 schoolchildren in El…
Factory Injuries and Progressive Reform
In 1907,the popular author Arthur B.Reeve wrote, “To unprecedentedprosperity . . . there is a seamyside of which little is said. Thou-sands of wage earners, men,women, and children, [are]caught in the machinery of ourrecord breaking production andturned out cripples. . . . Otherthousands [are] killed outright. . . .How many there [are] none cansay exactly for we [are] too busymaking our record breaking pro-duction to count the dead.”
Struggles for National Health Reform in the United States
One Size Does Not Fit All in the Transgender Community
RICHARD RASKIND HAD BEEN captain of Yale’s tennis team and enjoyed some success on the American amateur circuit. He went to medical school, became an ophthalmologist, served in the United States Navy, married, gained a pilot’s license, and competed in the US Open. Then, at age 41, after 10 years of psychoanalysis and a divorce, he underwent a sex change operation and emerged as Dr Renee Richards.1 Renee Richards moved to California and joined a n…
Readings in the History of Anthropology. Regna Darnell
The History and Politics of Birth Control
The Hosken Report
Social Darwinism and English Thought
The Social History of the Hospital
Research Article| May 01 1984 The Social History of the Hospital: From Charity Care to the Management of Medicine: A Review Essay Elizabeth Fee Elizabeth Fee Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Radical History Review (1984) 1984 (28-30): 472–481. https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-1984-28-30-472 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Elizabeth Fee; The Social History of the Hospital: From Cha…
Separation and Survival
Capitalist Health Care
Review of The Second Sickness: Contradictions of Capitalist Health Care by Howard Waitzkin.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website
Princes and Peasants
Baltimore by Bus
Research Article| May 01 1984 Baltimore by Bus: Steering a New Course through the City's History Elizabeth Fee; Elizabeth Fee Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Sylvia Gillett; Sylvia Gillett Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Linda Shopes; Linda Shopes Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Linda Zeidman Linda Zeidman Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Ra…
Illustrated Catalogue of the Slide Archive of Historical Medical Photographs at Stony Brook . Center for Photographic Images of Medicine and Health Care, Rima D. Apple
Discovering Reality
Chesapeake Waters
Abortion
In the Patient's Best Interest
The Making of the Modern Body
Scholars have only recently discovered that the human body itself has a history. Not only has it been perceived, interpreted, and represented differently in different epochs, but it has also been lived differently, brought into being within widely dissimilar material cultures, subjected to various technologies and means of control, and incorporated into different rhythms of production and consumption, pleasure and pain. The eight articles in this…
Disease and Discovery
Journal Article Disease and Discovery: A History of the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, 1916–1939. By Elizabeth Fee. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987. xiii + 286 pp. $30.00.) Get access Jo Ann Carrigan Jo Ann Carrigan University of Nebraska, Omaha Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 75, Issue 1, June 1988, Pages 288–289, https://doi.org/10.…
External Influences on Medical and Public Health Education
Sin vs. Science
Journal Article Sin vs. Science: Venereal Disease in Baltimore in the Twentieth Century Get access ELIZABETH FEE ELIZABETH FEE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Volume 43, Issue 2, April 1988, Pages 141–164, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/43.2.141 Published: 01 April 1988
Making Medical Institutions
The Contemporary Historiography of Aids
Elizabeth Fee, Daniel M. Fox; The Contemporary Historiography of Aids, Journal of Social History, Volume 23, Issue 2, 1 December 1989, Pages 303–314, https
Public Health in Practice
Journal Article Public Health in Practice: An Early Confrontation with the 'Silent Epidemic' of Childhod Lead Paint Poisoning Get access ELIZABETH FEE ELIZABETH FEE School of Hygiene and Public Health The Johns Hopkins UniveristyBaltimore, MD 21205 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Volume 45, Issue 4, October 1990, Pages 570–606, https://doi.org/…
Sexual Science
Aids
The AIDS epidemic has posed more urgent historical questions than any other disease of modern times. How have societies responded to epidemics in the past? Why did the disease emerge when and where it did? How has it spread among members of particular groups? And how will the past affect the future - in particular, what does the history of medical science and public health tell us about our ability to control the epidemic and eventually to cure t…
Aids
Understanding History to Shape the Future—The New Editors' Vision
Understanding History to Shape the Future—The New Editors' Vision Elizabeth Fee, and Robert R. Korstad CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.81.6.781 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Medicine (137 works) · Political science (90 works) · Law (74 works) · Environmental health (56 works) · History (55 works) · Sociology (53 works) · Gerontology (50 works) · Gerontology (49 works) · Public health (45 works) · Family medicine (37 works)