Brent W Roberts
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3884625 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Brent W Roberts |
| PRENOMES | Brent W |
| SOBRENOME | Roberts |
| ASSINATURA | ROBERTS B W |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3244-1164 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 139 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 1127 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 139 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1992 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 17 |
Self-Regulation Competence as a Superpower
Self-regulation competence is known to be a critical driver of academic achievement, mental health, and lifelong success. However, research on education and educational practice in K-12 remains fragmented in that groups of researchers focus on conceptualizations from different traditions, including self-regulated learning (SRL), executive functions (EFs) and personality psychology (e.g., conscientiousness), and there is limited cross-talk between…
Integrating Insights from Volitional Personality Change Interventions to Improve Self-Regulated Learning
Experiental features of volunteering predict changes in college students’ social, emotional, and behavioral skills
Once a procrastinator, always a procrastinator? Examining stability, change, and long-term correlates of procrastination during young adulthood
Procrastination-a voluntary delay of an intended action despite the expectation of negative consequences-is a widespread phenomenon. Previous research has mainly focused on procrastination in specific situations and has rarely examined stability and change in procrastination over long periods of time. In the present study, we conducted an 18-year longitudinal study of procrastination. We report on stability and change in procrastination as well a…
Conscientiousness in the Workplace
Despite extensive evidence on the importance of non-cognitive skills for labor market outcomes, to what extent training can affect specific skills in adulthood remains an open question. We conducted a randomized controlled trial with low-skilled employed workers in Senegal where workers were randomly assigned to receive a training intervention designed to affect conscientiousness-related skills. We found that treated workers were significantly mo…
Growth following adversity is rare
The idea that adversity is necessary for psychological growth pervades cultural narratives and lay theories. We empirically tested this notion with a multi-informant, longitudinal study of children and adolescents ( n = 682). Initial adversity was not associated with change in effortful control and emotional stability, while increasing adversity was negatively correlated with growth. However, a small sub-group of individuals still managed to grow…
Beyond age and generations
Age, cohort, and period effects are three ways to explain personality trait change over time. While past research mostly focused on age differences, showing relatively consistent patterns, evidence for cohort differences is more mixed, and period differences have hardly been examined. However, age, period, and cohort are exactly collinear (age = period-cohort), such that estimates are likely confounded and always hinge on so-called identification…
Applying the Sociogenomic Model of Personality to Organizational Psychology
Going Beyond Traits
The present research addresses three key questions about social, emotional, and behavioral (SEB) skills. First, how do SEB skills relate with the Big Five traits and Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL) core competencies? Second, how do SEB skills relate with consequential outcomes in adolescence? Third, do SEB skills provide incremental validity beyond personality traits? Results from a diverse sample of high school…
Perseverance, a measure of conscientiousness, is a valid predictor of achievement and truancy across the globe
Is Conscientiousness a useful construct across cultures? Using the 2012 Program for International Student Assessment data, we examined whether perseverance, a measure of Conscientiousness, was related to achievement and truancy across 62 countries/regions ( N > 470,000). We investigated whether these relationships were linear or curvilinear in nature and assessed the utility of item-level information. After establishing partial metric invariance …
Measuring conscientiousness in Brazil and disentangling its relationships with subjective well-being, and academic involvement
Conscientiousness and Labor Market Returns
Non-cognitive skills are increasingly recognized as important determinants of labor market outcomes. To what extent specific skills can be affected in adulthood remains an open question. This study conducted a randomized controlled trial with low-skilled employed workers in Senegal, where workers were randomly assigned to receive a training intervention designed to affect conscientiousness-related skills. The findings show that treated workers we…
The social, emotional, and behavioral skill antecedents to college students' volunteering during the Covid ‐19 pandemic
The disruptions to community functioning caused by the COVID-19 pandemic spurred individuals to action. This empirical study investigated the social, emotional, and behavioral (SEB) skill antecedents to college students' volunteering during the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 248, Mage = 20.6). We assessed eight SEB skills at the onset of a volunteering program, and students' volunteer hours were assessed 10-weeks later. Approximately 41.5% of the sample …
What I Do and What I Can Do
Age and gender differences in narcissism
Version IV, Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire-Short Form, Single-Item Narcissism Scale, and brief version of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory). The findings of Study 1 (N = 5,736) revealed heterogeneity in how strongly the measures are correlated. Some instruments loaded clearly on one of the three factors proposed by previous research (i.e., Neuroticism, Extraversion, Antagonism), while others cross-loaded across factors and…
Mindful of personality trait change
OBJECTIVE: Are treatment effects on personality trait change ephemeral and attributable to change in clinical states? Data of an intervention study were used to examine if change in clinical states (e.g., stress or depression) accounts for change in personality traits and to test whether both changes in traits and clinical states were independently associated with substance use. METHOD: = 25.3, SD = 2.7; 35% female) took part at a 4-week interven…
Who do you trust? The role of level and change in trust and personality across young to middle adulthood for political interest and voting intentions
An integrative framework for conceptualizing and assessing social, emotional, and behavioral skills
6,309), we address three key questions about the nature, structure, assessment, and outcomes of SEB skills. First, how can SEB skills be defined and distinguished from other kinds of psychological constructs, such as personality traits? We propose that SEB skills represent how someone is capable of thinking, feeling, and behaving when the situation calls for it, whereas traits represent how someone tends to think, feel, and behave averaged across…
Personality stability and change
Changing personality traits with the help of a digital personality change intervention
Significance Personality traits have consequences and are malleable throughout the lifespan. However, it is unclear if and how personality traits can be changed in desired directions. A 3-mo digital personality change intervention was deployed, and a large-scale randomized controlled trial ( n = 1,523) was conducted to examine the effects of intended personality change in a nonclinical sample. The intervention group showed greater changes than th…
Integrating Models of Self-Regulation
Self-regulation is a core aspect of human functioning that helps facilitate the successful pursuit of personal goals. There has been a proliferation of theories and models describing different aspects of self-regulation both within and outside of psychology. All of these models provide insights about self-regulation, but sometimes they talk past each other, make only shallow contributions, or make contributions that are underappreciated by schola…
Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Skills
Social, emotional, and behavioral (SEB) skills encompass a wide range of competencies related to how individuals build and maintain relationships, understand and manage emotions, pursue goals, and learn from experience. Despite near-consensus on the importance of SEB skills for success in life, there are numerous frameworks that simultaneously converge and diverge in how they define and measure SEB skills. In this article, we discuss our integrat…
Stability and Change in Personality Traits and Major Life Goals From College to Midlife
The association between personality traits and motivational units, such as life goals, has been a long-standing interest of personality scientists. However, little research has investigated the longitudinal associations between traits and life goals beyond young adulthood. In the present study ( N = 251), we examined the rank-order stability of, and mean-level changes in, the Big Five and major life goals (Aesthetic, Economic, Family/Relationship…
The Roles of General and Domain-Specific Perceived Stress in Healthy Aging
The current study provides strong evidence for the existence of a general perceived stress factor that captures variance shared among stress across life domains, and the general perceived stress factor demonstrated substantial prospective predictive effects on diverse health outcomes in older adulthood
Personality measurement and employment decisions
Patterns of mean-level change in personality traits across the life course
Conscientiousness and Health-Related Behaviors
A random walk down university avenue
This longitudinal study examined the relation between continuity and change in the Big Five personality traits and life events.Approximately 2,000 German students were tracked from high school to university or to vocational training or work, with 3 assessments over 4 years.Life events were reported retrospectively at the 2nd and 3rd assessment.Latent curve analyses were used to assess change in personality traits, revealing 3 main findings.First,…
Back to the future
Low self-esteem prospectively predicts depression in adolescence and young adulthood
Low self-esteem and depression are strongly correlated in cross-sectional studies, yet little is known about their prospective effects on each other. The vulnerability model hypothesizes that low self-esteem serves as a risk factor for depression, whereas the scar model hypothesizes that low self-esteem is an outcome, not a cause, of depression. To test these models, the authors used 2 large longitudinal data sets, each with 4 repeated assessment…
Evaluating Five Factor Theory and social investment perspectives on personality trait development
The kids are alright
This longitudinal study provides a comprehensive analysis of continuity and change in personality functioning from age 18 to age 26 in a birth cohort (N = 921) using the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (A. Tellegen, 1982). Data were analyzed using 4 different methods: differential continuity, mean-level change, individual differences in change, and ipsative change. Convergent evidence pointing toward personality continuity, as opposed …
The divided self
Work experiences and personality development in young adulthood
This longitudinal study provides an analysis of the relationship between personality traits and work experiences with a special focus on the relationship between changes in personality and work experiences in young adulthood. Longitudinal analyses uncovered 3 findings. First, measures of personality taken at age 18 predicted both objective and subjective work experiences at age 26. Second, work experiences were related to changes in personality t…
What is conscientiousness and how can it be assessed
Conscientiousness is a personality construct that is a core determinant of health, positive aging, and human capital. A large body of work has contributed to our understanding of this important aspect of personality, but there are multiple conceptual and methodological issues that complicate our understanding of conscientiousness. Toward this end, we review (a) the conceptual standing of conscientiousness as a personality trait, (b) past research…
Can personality traits and intelligence compensate for background disadvantage? Predicting status attainment in adulthood
This study investigated the interplay of family background and individual differences, such as personality traits and intelligence (measured in a large U.S. representative sample of high school students; N = 81,000) in predicting educational attainment, annual income, and occupational prestige 11 years later. Specifically, we tested whether individual differences followed 1 of 3 patterns in relation to parental socioeconomic status (SES) when pre…
Theory-driven intervention for changing personality
Considerable evidence suggests that personality traits may be changeable, raising the possibility that personality traits most linked to health problems can be modified with intervention. A growing body of research suggests that problematic personality traits may be altered with behavioral intervention using a bottom-up approach. That is, by targeting core behaviors that underlie personality traits with the goal of engendering new, healthier patt…
The policy relevance of personality traits
Personality traits are powerful predictors of outcomes in the domains of education, work, relationships, health, and well-being. The recognized importance of personality traits has raised questions about their policy relevance, that is, their potential to inform policy actions designed to improve human welfare. Traditionally, the use of personality traits in applied settings has been predicated on their ability to predict valued outcomes, typical…
Not all conscientiousness scales change alike
Previous research has shown that traits from the domain of conscientiousness tend to increase with age. However, previous research has not tested whether all aspects of conscientiousness change with age. The present research tests age differences in multiple facets of conscientiousness (industriousness, orderliness, impulse control, reliability, and conventionality) using multiple methods and multiple samples. In a community sample (N = 274) and …
Goals to change personality traits
Change in Dispositional Well-Being and Its Relation to Role Quality
Changes in culture, changes in personality
The influence of increasing individualism in U.S. culture on personality development was investigated with an index recently developed by H. Gough (1991) that traces changes in individualism from 1950 to 1985. Seventy-seven women followed from 1958 to 1989 (assessed at ages 21, 27, 43, and 52) showed increases on the index of individualism that paralleled changes in large cross-sectional samples over the same period. Increases on the individualis…
Assessing dreams through self-report questionnaires
A questionnaire approach to investigating dream content was developed and compared to personality ratings of the Five Factor Model (FFM). The themes and overall character of self-reported dreams were examined to determine whether they differed markedly from the dream norms obtained by Hall and Van De Castle (1966). Findings were mostly consistent with past norms obtained from dream diary reports and laboratory reports. Some significant correlates…
Personality trait development and social investment in work
Goal and Personality Trait Development in Emerging Adulthood
The present research examined continuity and change in the importance of major life goals and the relation between change in goals and change in personality traits over the course of college (N = 298). Participants rated the importance of their life goals 6 times over a 4-year period and completed a measure of the Big Five personality traits at the beginning and end of college. Like personality traits, life goals demonstrated high levels of rank-…
Sixteen going on sixty-six
38, respectively), to validate the personality scales and estimate measurement error. This was the first study to test personality stability/change over a 50-year time span in which the same data source was tapped (i.e., self-report). This allowed us to use 4 different methods (rank-order stability, mean-level change, individual-level change, and profile stability) answering different developmental questions. We also systematically tested gender …
Different forces, same consequence
Conscientiousness and domain-specific competence beliefs are known to be highly important predictors of academic effort and achievement. Given their basis in distinct research traditions, however, these constructs have rarely been examined simultaneously. Three studies with 571, 415, and 1,535 students, respectively, found a moderate association between conscientiousness and competence beliefs. Both conscientiousness and competence beliefs meanin…
A lexical investigation of the lower-order structure of conscientiousness
Continuity and change in self-esteem during emerging adulthood
The present study examined the development of self-esteem in a sample of emerging adults (N = 295) followed longitudinally over 4 years of college. Six waves of self-esteem data were available. Participants also rated, at the end of their 4th year, the degree to which they thought their self-esteem had changed during college. Rank-order stability was high across all waves of data (Mdn disattenuated correlation = .87). On average, self-esteem leve…
On the relationship between substance use and personality traits
The Personality of Young Adult Couples and Wives' Work Patterns
The influence of personality in 63 couples at the time of family formation on wives' work patterns 15 years later was examined in variable‐centered and person/couple‐centered ways. Four factor dimensions on the Adjective Check List assessed personality. Work patterns were assessed with measures of type, amount, and status of work and with schematic work narratives describing characters and plots abstracted from wives' mid‐life data. Hierarchical …
The divided self
One Personality, Multiple Selves
How do people maintain multiple, role‐specific self‐conceptions as well as a consistent sense of self? In a sample of middle‐aged women, we examined three issues: (a) the ways in which people view themselves as both different and similar across social roles (e.g., parent, friend, worker), (b) how role‐specific self‐conceptions and general self‐conceptions are related, and (c) the merits of predicting role‐specific criteria from role‐specific and …
Ego development and personality change in adulthood
At age 43, 90 women in a longitudinal study were classified on the basis of J. Loevinger's (Loevinger & Wessler, 1970) Sentence Completion Test into 3 levels of ego development: self-aware or below, conscientious, and individualistic or above. Retrospective multivariate analyses of variance showed that ego level was associated with differential personality change on scales of the California Psychological Inventory from ages 21-43. In a path analy…
Enduringness and change in creative personality and the prediction of occupational creativity
Participants in a longitudinal study of women's adult development were scored at midlife on the Occupational Creativity Scale (OCS), which draws on J. L. Holland's (1985) model of vocational environments in the assessment of participants' creative achievement. College measures of cognitive-affective style and career aspirations predicted OCS scores at age 52, and consistency of creative temperament (H. G. Gough, 1992), motivation, and overall att…
Assessing dreams through self-report questionnaires
A questionnaire approach to investigating dream content was developed and compared to personality ratings of the Five Factor Model (FFM). The themes and overall character of self-reported dreams were examined to determine whether they differed markedly from the dream norms obtained by Hall and Van De Castle (1966). Findings were mostly consistent with past norms obtained from dream diary reports and laboratory reports. Some significant correlates…
Personality measurement and employment decisions
Issues and non‐issues in the fidelity–bandwidth trade‐off
Issues and non-issues in the fidelity–bandwidth trade-off
This paper makes seven points in response to certain claims made by Ones and Viswesvaran (1996, this issue). First, we see no evidence that the fidelity–bandwidth trade-off has become a crisis in the empirical literature. Moreover, we seen no evidence that anyone prefers narrow band personality measures over broad bandwidth scales. In addition, because job performance is complex and multidimensional, broad bandwidth predictors are normally requir…
Plaster or Plasticity
The present study tested whether work experiences were associated with personality change across two periods of adulthood (age 21 to 27 and 27 to 43) in a longitudinal sample of women ( N = 81). Two competing theoretical perspectives were tested: the plaster theory, which claims that personality does not change after age 30, and the plasticity theory, which claims that personality can change at any time in adulthood. Evidence was found for both c…
Changes in culture, changes in personality
The influence of increasing individualism in U.S. culture on personality development was investigated with an index recently developed by H. Gough (1991) that traces changes in individualism from 1950 to 1985. Seventy-seven women followed from 1958 to 1989 (assessed at ages 21, 27, 43, and 52) showed increases on the index of individualism that paralleled changes in large cross-sectional samples over the same period. Increases on the individualis…
Patients' Experiences of Parkinson's Disease
Patients' (n = 101) experiences of Parkinson's disease (PD) were studied through structured interviews. Oblique factor analysis produced three moderately intercorrelated clusters of items reflecting reported severity of motoric, cognitive, and psychological problems, respectively. Scales formed from the factors were correlated with demographic, disease-related, and psychosocial variables. The demographic variables were not significantly correlate…
Broad Dispositions, Broad Aspirations
Do personality traits predict the goals a person chooses to pursue in life? The present study examined the relation between personality traits and major life goals, which are broad, far-reaching agendas for important life domains (N = 672). The authors used both theoretical and empirical procedures to organize a set of life goals into thematic content clusters (economic, aesthetic, social, relationship, political, hedonistic, religious); the resu…
The rank-order consistency of personality traits from childhood to old age
The present study used meta-analytic techniques to test whether trait consistency maximizes and stabilizes at a specific period in the life course. From 152 longitudinal studies, 3,217 test-retest correlation coefficients were compiled. Meta-analytic estimates of mean population test-retest correlation coefficients showed that trait consistency increased from .31 in childhood to .54 during the college years, to .64 at age 30, and then reached a p…
The rank-order consistency of personality traits from childhood to old age
Change in Dispositional Well-Being and Its Relation to Role Quality
Personality Development Across the Life Course
In this article we review answers to 5 questions concerning the development of personality across the life course: How early in the life course can we identify characteristics unique to individuals that will show continuity over time? When in the life course is personality fully developed? What life course factors moderate continuity and change in personality? What are the mechanisms that promote continuity in personality? And finally, what are t…
A Longitudinal Study of Personality Change in Young Adulthood
The present research examined personality continuity and change in a sample of young men and women assessed at the beginning and end of college. Two‐hundred seventy students completed measures of the Big Five personality traits when they first entered college and then four years later. Analyses indicate small‐ to medium‐sized normative (i.e., mean‐level) changes, large rank‐order stability correlations, high levels of stability in personality str…
The kids are alright
This longitudinal study provides a comprehensive analysis of continuity and change in personality functioning from age 18 to age 26 in a birth cohort (N = 921) using the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (A. Tellegen, 1982). Data were analyzed using 4 different methods: differential continuity, mean-level change, individual differences in change, and ipsative change. Convergent evidence pointing toward personality continuity, as opposed …
Personality Development and Growth in Women Across 30 Years
This article addressesthree questions about personality development in a 30‐year longitudinal study of women ( N = 78): (1) To what extent did the women maintain the same position inrelation to each other on personality characteristics over the 30 years, and what broad factorswere related to the amount of change in their rank order? (2) Did the sample as a whole increaseor decrease over time on indices of personality growth, and did they change i…
Work experiences and personality development in young adulthood
This longitudinal study provides an analysis of the relationship between personality traits and work experiences with a special focus on the relationship between changes in personality and work experiences in young adulthood. Longitudinal analyses uncovered 3 findings. First, measures of personality taken at age 18 predicted both objective and subjective work experiences at age 26. Second, work experiences were related to changes in personality t…
A Longitudinal Study of the Relationships Between Conscientiousness and the Social‐ Environmental Factors and Substance‐Use Behaviors That Influence Health
The present study tested the relationships among conscientiousness‐related traits, social‐environmental factors that affect health, and substance‐use behaviors across a 30‐year period from age 21 to age 52 in the Mills Longitudinal study of women (N=99). Results showed that the trait of social responsibility (a facet of conscientiousness) assessed at age 21 predicted family, work, and substance use outcomes at midlife (age 43 and age 52). In turn…
Person‐Environment Fit and Its Implications for Personality Development
Continuity and change in Person‐Environment Fit (PE Fit) and its relation to personality development was studied in a 4‐year longitudinal study of college students ( N =305). PE Fit demonstrated moderate rank‐order stability and small increases in mean‐levels over time. Antecedents to PE Fit included gender (being male), high academic ability, low agreeableness, and low neuroticism. Outcomes associated with PE Fit included greater personality con…
On the relationship between substance use and personality traits
A lexical investigation of the lower-order structure of conscientiousness
Psychology (128 obras) · Social Psychology (113 obras) · Personality (109 obras) · Developmental psychology (102 obras) · Big Five personality traits (93 obras) · Personality Traits and Psychology (89 obras) · Clinical Psychology (40 obras) · Conscientiousness (39 obras) · Extraversion and introversion (36 obras) · Trait (36 obras)