Peter R Schofield
Biographic Data
| ID | 3930199 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Peter R Schofield |
| GIVEN NAMES | Peter R |
| FAMILY NAME | Schofield |
| SIGNATURE | SCHOFIELD P R |
| AFFILIATIONS | Old Dominion University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2967-9662 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 24 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 41 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 24 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1996 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Neurobehavioral Mechanisms Influencing the Association Between Generativity, the Desire to Promote Well-Being of Younger Generations, and Purpose in Life in Older Adults at Risk for Alzheimer’s Diseas…
These findings provide insight into how the brain supports complex social behavior and, separately, purpose in life in at-risk aging. Affectionate social support may be a putative target process to enhance purpose in life in older adults. This knowledge contributes to future developments of personalized interventions that promote healthy aging
Surveillance of Domestic Violence Using Text Mining Outputs From Australian Police Records
In Australia, domestic violence reports are mostly based on data from the police, courts, hospitals, and ad hoc surveys. However, gaps exist in reporting information such as victim injuries, mental health status and abuse types. The police record details of domestic violence events as structured information (e.g., gender, postcode, ethnicity), but also in text narratives describing other details such as injuries, substance use, and mental health …
Neuropsychological Correlates of Changes in Driving Behavior Among Clinically Healthy Older Adults
Attentional control is a key moderator of change over time in driving space but not driving performance in older adults. We speculate on mechanisms that may relate attentional control ability to modifications of driving behaviors
Contours of a National Infrastructure Policy for the New Millennium
As calls for renewed efforts to address the state of the nation’s infrastructure grow across both partisan and ideological lines, they raise pointed questions regarding the nature of such efforts. For example, how do we pay for needed infrastructure? How do we set priorities among the many and varied needs across the nation? Most critically, should the national government play the central role in such an effort or is this task more appropriately …
Lessons from the Covid-19 Pandemic for Federalism and Infrastructure
The COVID-19 pandemic has presented many challenges to governments around the world. The federal structure within the United States has further complicated effective responses to mitigate the personal and economic effects of COVID. Here, we argue that the Trump administration’s approach to federalism—highlighted by the pandemic—is incapable of efficiently and effectively addressing state needs and those needs are only going to grow as a result, f…
Analysis of the Influence of microRNAs in Lithium Response in Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common, highly heritable neuropsychiatric disease characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression. Lithium is the best-established long-term treatment for BD, even though individual response is highly variable. Evidence suggests that some of this variability has a genetic basis. This is supported by the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) of lithium response to date conducted by the International Co…
Symposium Issue
Building Resilience Through Collaboration Between Grassroots Citizen Groups and Governments
As sea level rise grows in importance as a public policy issue, coastal communities must search for alternative strategies to develop resilience to the growing threat. One way to tap into existing resources involves partnerships between local governments and citizen-based environmental organizations to explore strategies aimed at mitigating the effects of sea level rise and recurrent flooding in coastal communities. This article presents two case…
The Consent Order as Mandated Collaboration
In an age of growing infrastructure needs and increasingly limited resources to meet those needs, governments at all levels must search for ways to close the resources gap, as is the case of wastewater treatment and the requirement to treat stormwater. Recent efforts to address water quality have focused on collaboration as a mechanism to achieve desired outcomes. This article traces the development and implementation of a mandated collaborative …
Planning for Water Infrastructure
A new model to explore non-profit social media use for advocacy and civic engagement
Non-profit organizations are actively using social media platforms as a way to deliver information to end users, yet little is known of the internal processes these organizations follow to implement this tool. We present a case study of one non-profit organization, Blue Star Families, Inc., that is actively engaged in advocacy and civic engagement. We offer a new model to explore non-profit organizations’ use of social media platforms by building…
Deliberative Democratic Evaluation
The issue of citizen and stakeholder engagement is a topic of growing importance in the academic literature. Although there has been an effort to examine this phenomenon in the arena of highway transportation, little attention has been given to how stakeholder engagement can be applied to the maritime transportation industry. By employing a deliberative democratic model of participation drawn from the evaluation literature, we report on efforts t…
The Development of Theory-Driven Evaluation in the Military
The use of theory-driven evaluation is an emerging practice in the military—an aspect generally unknown in the civilian evaluation community. First developed during the 1991 Gulf War and applied in both the Balkans and Afghanistan, these techniques are now being examined in the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) as a means to evaluate the effects of military operations in complex, asymmetric conflict environments. In spite of these practic…
Developing Infrastructure Through the Use of Tax Increment Financing
The use of tax increment finance (TIF) arrangements to finance capital-intensive infrastructure needs is not a new concept, but it is gaining traction in many states and municipalities. This article presents the case of the Town Center project in Virginia Beach, Virginia, and the use of a TIF to provide infrastructure for the project. The authors find that the success of the TIF is because of a combination of a reduction in public risk, careful p…
Walking the High Wire
Practitioners often face the challenge of structuring privatized arrangements to best deliver public services. Despite the literature's focus on contracting, there are 10 different service arrangements that can be used to deliver services. Each arrangement balances the strengths of the public and private sectors in different ways. Selecting one of these arrangements for a specific situation can be challenging, and practitioners must understand wh…
The Long and the Short of It
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the strategies people use to cope with stress were associated with differing serotonin transporter (5-HTT) genotypes. The short (s) variant of the 5-HTT promoter polymorphism has been associated with an increased likelihood of depression after significant life stress and greater emotional reactivity to fear-invoking stimuli. METHODS: Coping strategies were assessed within a longitudinal study in 1993. Ten years later…
Public Works Service Arrangements in the 21st Century
As the new millennium begins, the debate about how best to provide, produce, and deliver public works and infrastructure services to a growing population increases in intensity. The authors argue that traditional definitions of “privatization” and “public-private partnerships” limit thinking about the options available to infrastructure policy makers and that a broader definition of potential arrangements that better captures the nature of the re…
Whither Fema? Hurricane Katrina and Fema's Response to the Gulf Coast
The devastation caused by Hurricane Katrina in August 2005 placed the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) directly in the public spotlight. The agency came under tremendous criticism for its response, and its director resigned shortly after the hurricane. This article identifies and develops four themes (organizational location, organizational leadership, organizational emphasis, and federalism) drawn from the general literature in public …
Implications of genetic risk information in families with a high density of bipolar disorder
In Search of Middle Ground
This article argues against privatization and for the use of an existing organizational arrangement, one that may take advantage of private-sector efficiencies while maintaining public accountability. Public authorities are already in widespread use around the nation at all levels of government, yet the utility of the public authority as a middle ground between traditional (bureaucratic) public-sector organizational forms and privatization has ye…
Epa, Collaborative Rule Making, and the Small Communities Outreach Project For Environmental Issues
In an era of increased attention paid to the impact of federal regulation on citizens and small business entities, the Small Communities Outreach Project for Environmental Issues (SCOPe) is a collaborative attempt between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration to facilitate communication between small communities and local government officials and EPA. The author…
Defining Privatization
The debate over an appropriate definition of privatization has been underway for nearly 30 years; Dominy’s offering provides an additional voice to that debate. In response to Dominy, the author suggests that Dominy’s typology of privatization is incomplete, empirically suspect, and ignores much of the previous theoretical work in the field. Whereas such voices are both useful and intellectually stimulating, Dominy’s typology may ultimately prove…
State Implementation of National Water Quality Policy
The State Revolving Fund program represents a major shift in the ways governments address water quality needs. Using John Kingdon’s concept of policy streams, this study examines the formal targeting mechanisms employed by states to meet these goals and whether use of these mechanisms actually results in a greater percentage of program resources allocated to the targeted communities. The findings include the following: (a) targeting mechanisms ar…
Institutional Arrangements in an Age of New Federalism
This article examines the nature and extent of private-sector involvement in the design, implementation, and administration of the State Revolving Fund (SRF) program, an environmental infrastructure financing program. Using data from two 50-state surveys of state SRF coordinators and from case-study interviews with key SRF personnel, the article concludes that (a) the particular state context helps determine the degree to which states must rely o…
Implications of genetic risk information in families with a high density of bipolar disorder
In Search of Middle Ground
This article argues against privatization and for the use of an existing organizational arrangement, one that may take advantage of private-sector efficiencies while maintaining public accountability. Public authorities are already in widespread use around the nation at all levels of government, yet the utility of the public authority as a middle ground between traditional (bureaucratic) public-sector organizational forms and privatization has ye…
Building Resilience Through Collaboration Between Grassroots Citizen Groups and Governments
As sea level rise grows in importance as a public policy issue, coastal communities must search for alternative strategies to develop resilience to the growing threat. One way to tap into existing resources involves partnerships between local governments and citizen-based environmental organizations to explore strategies aimed at mitigating the effects of sea level rise and recurrent flooding in coastal communities. This article presents two case…
Developing Infrastructure Through the Use of Tax Increment Financing
The use of tax increment finance (TIF) arrangements to finance capital-intensive infrastructure needs is not a new concept, but it is gaining traction in many states and municipalities. This article presents the case of the Town Center project in Virginia Beach, Virginia, and the use of a TIF to provide infrastructure for the project. The authors find that the success of the TIF is because of a combination of a reduction in public risk, careful p…
Defining Privatization
The debate over an appropriate definition of privatization has been underway for nearly 30 years; Dominy’s offering provides an additional voice to that debate. In response to Dominy, the author suggests that Dominy’s typology of privatization is incomplete, empirically suspect, and ignores much of the previous theoretical work in the field. Whereas such voices are both useful and intellectually stimulating, Dominy’s typology may ultimately prove…
State Implementation of National Water Quality Policy
The State Revolving Fund program represents a major shift in the ways governments address water quality needs. Using John Kingdon’s concept of policy streams, this study examines the formal targeting mechanisms employed by states to meet these goals and whether use of these mechanisms actually results in a greater percentage of program resources allocated to the targeted communities. The findings include the following: (a) targeting mechanisms ar…
Neuropsychological Correlates of Changes in Driving Behavior Among Clinically Healthy Older Adults
Attentional control is a key moderator of change over time in driving space but not driving performance in older adults. We speculate on mechanisms that may relate attentional control ability to modifications of driving behaviors
Planning for Water Infrastructure
Public Works Service Arrangements in the 21st Century
As the new millennium begins, the debate about how best to provide, produce, and deliver public works and infrastructure services to a growing population increases in intensity. The authors argue that traditional definitions of “privatization” and “public-private partnerships” limit thinking about the options available to infrastructure policy makers and that a broader definition of potential arrangements that better captures the nature of the re…
Whither Fema? Hurricane Katrina and Fema's Response to the Gulf Coast
The devastation caused by Hurricane Katrina in August 2005 placed the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) directly in the public spotlight. The agency came under tremendous criticism for its response, and its director resigned shortly after the hurricane. This article identifies and develops four themes (organizational location, organizational leadership, organizational emphasis, and federalism) drawn from the general literature in public …
Contours of a National Infrastructure Policy for the New Millennium
As calls for renewed efforts to address the state of the nation’s infrastructure grow across both partisan and ideological lines, they raise pointed questions regarding the nature of such efforts. For example, how do we pay for needed infrastructure? How do we set priorities among the many and varied needs across the nation? Most critically, should the national government play the central role in such an effort or is this task more appropriately …
Institutional Arrangements in an Age of New Federalism
This article examines the nature and extent of private-sector involvement in the design, implementation, and administration of the State Revolving Fund (SRF) program, an environmental infrastructure financing program. Using data from two 50-state surveys of state SRF coordinators and from case-study interviews with key SRF personnel, the article concludes that (a) the particular state context helps determine the degree to which states must rely o…
Institutional Arrangements in an Age of New Federalism
This article examines the nature and extent of private-sector involvement in the design, implementation, and administration of the State Revolving Fund (SRF) program, an environmental infrastructure financing program. Using data from two 50-state surveys of state SRF coordinators and from case-study interviews with key SRF personnel, the article concludes that (a) the particular state context helps determine the degree to which states must rely o…
Defining Privatization
The debate over an appropriate definition of privatization has been underway for nearly 30 years; Dominy’s offering provides an additional voice to that debate. In response to Dominy, the author suggests that Dominy’s typology of privatization is incomplete, empirically suspect, and ignores much of the previous theoretical work in the field. Whereas such voices are both useful and intellectually stimulating, Dominy’s typology may ultimately prove…
State Implementation of National Water Quality Policy
The State Revolving Fund program represents a major shift in the ways governments address water quality needs. Using John Kingdon’s concept of policy streams, this study examines the formal targeting mechanisms employed by states to meet these goals and whether use of these mechanisms actually results in a greater percentage of program resources allocated to the targeted communities. The findings include the following: (a) targeting mechanisms ar…
Epa, Collaborative Rule Making, and the Small Communities Outreach Project For Environmental Issues
In an era of increased attention paid to the impact of federal regulation on citizens and small business entities, the Small Communities Outreach Project for Environmental Issues (SCOPe) is a collaborative attempt between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration to facilitate communication between small communities and local government officials and EPA. The author…
In Search of Middle Ground
This article argues against privatization and for the use of an existing organizational arrangement, one that may take advantage of private-sector efficiencies while maintaining public accountability. Public authorities are already in widespread use around the nation at all levels of government, yet the utility of the public authority as a middle ground between traditional (bureaucratic) public-sector organizational forms and privatization has ye…
Implications of genetic risk information in families with a high density of bipolar disorder
Whither Fema? Hurricane Katrina and Fema's Response to the Gulf Coast
The devastation caused by Hurricane Katrina in August 2005 placed the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) directly in the public spotlight. The agency came under tremendous criticism for its response, and its director resigned shortly after the hurricane. This article identifies and develops four themes (organizational location, organizational leadership, organizational emphasis, and federalism) drawn from the general literature in public …
The Long and the Short of It
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the strategies people use to cope with stress were associated with differing serotonin transporter (5-HTT) genotypes. The short (s) variant of the 5-HTT promoter polymorphism has been associated with an increased likelihood of depression after significant life stress and greater emotional reactivity to fear-invoking stimuli. METHODS: Coping strategies were assessed within a longitudinal study in 1993. Ten years later…
Public Works Service Arrangements in the 21st Century
As the new millennium begins, the debate about how best to provide, produce, and deliver public works and infrastructure services to a growing population increases in intensity. The authors argue that traditional definitions of “privatization” and “public-private partnerships” limit thinking about the options available to infrastructure policy makers and that a broader definition of potential arrangements that better captures the nature of the re…
Developing Infrastructure Through the Use of Tax Increment Financing
The use of tax increment finance (TIF) arrangements to finance capital-intensive infrastructure needs is not a new concept, but it is gaining traction in many states and municipalities. This article presents the case of the Town Center project in Virginia Beach, Virginia, and the use of a TIF to provide infrastructure for the project. The authors find that the success of the TIF is because of a combination of a reduction in public risk, careful p…
Walking the High Wire
Practitioners often face the challenge of structuring privatized arrangements to best deliver public services. Despite the literature's focus on contracting, there are 10 different service arrangements that can be used to deliver services. Each arrangement balances the strengths of the public and private sectors in different ways. Selecting one of these arrangements for a specific situation can be challenging, and practitioners must understand wh…
The Development of Theory-Driven Evaluation in the Military
The use of theory-driven evaluation is an emerging practice in the military—an aspect generally unknown in the civilian evaluation community. First developed during the 1991 Gulf War and applied in both the Balkans and Afghanistan, these techniques are now being examined in the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) as a means to evaluate the effects of military operations in complex, asymmetric conflict environments. In spite of these practic…
Deliberative Democratic Evaluation
The issue of citizen and stakeholder engagement is a topic of growing importance in the academic literature. Although there has been an effort to examine this phenomenon in the arena of highway transportation, little attention has been given to how stakeholder engagement can be applied to the maritime transportation industry. By employing a deliberative democratic model of participation drawn from the evaluation literature, we report on efforts t…
A new model to explore non-profit social media use for advocacy and civic engagement
Non-profit organizations are actively using social media platforms as a way to deliver information to end users, yet little is known of the internal processes these organizations follow to implement this tool. We present a case study of one non-profit organization, Blue Star Families, Inc., that is actively engaged in advocacy and civic engagement. We offer a new model to explore non-profit organizations’ use of social media platforms by building…
Planning for Water Infrastructure
The Consent Order as Mandated Collaboration
In an age of growing infrastructure needs and increasingly limited resources to meet those needs, governments at all levels must search for ways to close the resources gap, as is the case of wastewater treatment and the requirement to treat stormwater. Recent efforts to address water quality have focused on collaboration as a mechanism to achieve desired outcomes. This article traces the development and implementation of a mandated collaborative …
Analysis of the Influence of microRNAs in Lithium Response in Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common, highly heritable neuropsychiatric disease characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression. Lithium is the best-established long-term treatment for BD, even though individual response is highly variable. Evidence suggests that some of this variability has a genetic basis. This is supported by the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) of lithium response to date conducted by the International Co…
Symposium Issue
Building Resilience Through Collaboration Between Grassroots Citizen Groups and Governments
As sea level rise grows in importance as a public policy issue, coastal communities must search for alternative strategies to develop resilience to the growing threat. One way to tap into existing resources involves partnerships between local governments and citizen-based environmental organizations to explore strategies aimed at mitigating the effects of sea level rise and recurrent flooding in coastal communities. This article presents two case…
Lessons from the Covid-19 Pandemic for Federalism and Infrastructure
The COVID-19 pandemic has presented many challenges to governments around the world. The federal structure within the United States has further complicated effective responses to mitigate the personal and economic effects of COVID. Here, we argue that the Trump administration’s approach to federalism—highlighted by the pandemic—is incapable of efficiently and effectively addressing state needs and those needs are only going to grow as a result, f…
Contours of a National Infrastructure Policy for the New Millennium
As calls for renewed efforts to address the state of the nation’s infrastructure grow across both partisan and ideological lines, they raise pointed questions regarding the nature of such efforts. For example, how do we pay for needed infrastructure? How do we set priorities among the many and varied needs across the nation? Most critically, should the national government play the central role in such an effort or is this task more appropriately …
Surveillance of Domestic Violence Using Text Mining Outputs From Australian Police Records
In Australia, domestic violence reports are mostly based on data from the police, courts, hospitals, and ad hoc surveys. However, gaps exist in reporting information such as victim injuries, mental health status and abuse types. The police record details of domestic violence events as structured information (e.g., gender, postcode, ethnicity), but also in text narratives describing other details such as injuries, substance use, and mental health …
Neuropsychological Correlates of Changes in Driving Behavior Among Clinically Healthy Older Adults
Attentional control is a key moderator of change over time in driving space but not driving performance in older adults. We speculate on mechanisms that may relate attentional control ability to modifications of driving behaviors
Neurobehavioral Mechanisms Influencing the Association Between Generativity, the Desire to Promote Well-Being of Younger Generations, and Purpose in Life in Older Adults at Risk for Alzheimer’s Diseas…
These findings provide insight into how the brain supports complex social behavior and, separately, purpose in life in at-risk aging. Affectionate social support may be a putative target process to enhance purpose in life in older adults. This knowledge contributes to future developments of personalized interventions that promote healthy aging
Business (15 works) · Political science (15 works) · Economics (13 works) · Public Administration (11 works) · Public Administration (11 works) · Public relations (9 works) · Law (8 works) · Law (8 works) · Psychology (7 works) · Economic growth (6 works)