Michel Caraël
Biographic Data
| ID | 3933851 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Michel Caraël |
| GIVEN NAMES | Michel |
| FAMILY NAME | Caraël |
| SIGNATURE | CARAEL M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 19 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 61 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 18 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1975 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2012 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Is Concurrency Driving HIV Transmission in Sub-Saharan African Sexual Networks? The Significance of Sexual Partnership Typology
HIV, resurgent infections and population change in Africa
HIV, Resurgent Infections and Population Change in Africa
Promotion of couples' voluntary counselling and testing for HIV through influential networks in two African capital cities
Predictors of successful CVCT promotion included strategies that can be easily implemented in Africa. As new resources become available for Africans with HIV, CVCT should be broadly implemented as a point of entry for prevention, care and support
How Uganda Reversed Its HIV Epidemic
Uganda is one of only two countries in the world that has successfully reversed the course of its HIV epidemic. There remains much controversy about how Uganda's HIV prevalence declined in the 1990s. This article describes the prevention programs and activities that were implemented in Uganda during critical years in its HIV epidemic, 1987 to 1994. Multiple resources were aggregated to fuel HV prevention campaigns at multiple levels to a far grea…
Sexual mixing patterns and sex-differentials in teenage exposure to HIV infection in rural Zimbabwe
Why do young women have a much higher prevalence of HIV than young men? A study in Kisumu, Kenya and Ndola, Zambia
OBJECTIVE: To examine the factors responsible for the disparity in HIV prevalence between young men and women in two urban populations in Africa with high HIV prevalence. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey, aiming to include 1000 men and 1000 women aged 15-49 years in Kisumu, Kenya and Ndola, Zambia. METHODS: Participants were interviewed and tested for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Analyses compared the marital and non-marital partn…
Sexual Risk Behavior in Urban Populations of Northeastern Africa
Social change and HIV in the former USSR
Urban-Rural Differentials in HIV/STDs and Sexual Behaviour
Heterosexual transmission has accounted for about three quarters of the estim ated 13 million human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in adults world wide. In the 1990s, this mode of transmission continues to grow in importance (WHO/GPA, 1993). The HIV/AIDS pandemic was initially centred in urban loca tions. Rural HIV and STD prevalences have generally been found to be much lower than urban prevalences, with some noticeable exceptions. In t…
Pregnancy and contraception use among urban Rwandan women after HIV testing and counseling
OBJECTIVES. This study examined hormonal contraceptive use and pregnancy in urban Rwandan women, following human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody testing and counseling. METHODS. A sample of 1458 childbearing urban Rwandan women aged 18 to 35 years was tested and followed for 2 years. RESULTS. At enrollment, 17% of 998 HIV-negative women and 11% of 460 HIV-positive women were pregnant, and 17% vs 23%, respectively, were using hormonal contra…
Confidential HIV Testing and Condom Promotion in Africa
Objective. —We evaluated the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and counseling on self-reported condom and spermicide use and on corresponding HIV seroconversion and gonorrhea rates in urban Rwandan women. Design. —Prospective cohort study with 2 years of follow-up, comparison of outcome variables before and after an intervention, and condom use measured in a control group that did not receive the intervention. Setting. —Outpati…
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Urban Rwanda
HIV infection in developing countries
Shortly after the first reports on the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States, it became clear that the disease was also particularly frequent in Haitians living in North America (Pitchenik et at. , 1983; Curran et al. , 1985) and in Africans seen in Europe for medical care (Katlama et al. , 1984; Clumeck et al. , 1984). Subsequently, surveys in Haiti and in Central Africa confirmed the occurrence of epidemic foci of AIDS …
A cross national study of patterns of sexual behaviour
The global AIDS epidemic and the fact that HIV is sexually transmitted have highlighted the need for more information on patterns of human sexuality, especially with regard to high‐risk practice and behaviours. Consequently, the World Health Organization's Global Programme on AIDS (in collaboration with Member States) has developed research materials that can be used to define dominant patterns of sexual behavior, in different social and cultural…
A Film Program in Health and Family Planning in Rural Zaire
On Idjwi Island in Lake Kivu eastern Zaire a program of education through the medium of cinema was chosen as a possible means for narrowing the disparity between resource depletion and population growth. During the course of the project from 1972-78 considerable information was gathered on the reproductive practices of the island people and on those social and economic forces which govern their reproductive behavior. Scenarios for 13 films were w…
Promotion of Birth Spacing on Idjwi Island, Zaire
Idjwi Island in Lake Kivu in eastern Zaire supports approximately 50,000 largely subsistence farmers, the Bani-Iju. Rapid population growth, a declining economy, and a deteriorating environment have already converged to produce significant malnutrition in this isolated community. The highly structured and traditional social order, particularly regarding reproductive mores, is examined here in its relevance to an intervention program for reducing …
Refugee Camps in Somalia
Twenty-seven percent of the children of 1-6 years were in a state of moderate malnutrition and 5% were suffering from severe malnutrition; 14% of the mothers had severe anaemia, probably originating in multiple deficiences. Poor sanitary conditions, due mainly to overcrowding, the high morbidity, fluctuations in food supply and the low level of the basic food allowance, would seem to be sufficient to explain the observed pattern and prevalence of…
The Health of Mother and Child in Rural Central Africa
In the Great Lakes Region of Central Africa, the population suffers from severe proteo-caloric malnutrition, with adverse affects on maternal and child health. Improvement of maternal nutrition would lead to rapid consecutive pregnancies, reducing the length of time each child could be breastfed and reducing the protein available to each child. Hence, the authors recommend modern birth spacing methods in combination with programs to improve the h…
Social change and HIV in the former USSR
Pregnancy and contraception use among urban Rwandan women after HIV testing and counseling
OBJECTIVES. This study examined hormonal contraceptive use and pregnancy in urban Rwandan women, following human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody testing and counseling. METHODS. A sample of 1458 childbearing urban Rwandan women aged 18 to 35 years was tested and followed for 2 years. RESULTS. At enrollment, 17% of 998 HIV-negative women and 11% of 460 HIV-positive women were pregnant, and 17% vs 23%, respectively, were using hormonal contra…
A cross national study of patterns of sexual behaviour
The global AIDS epidemic and the fact that HIV is sexually transmitted have highlighted the need for more information on patterns of human sexuality, especially with regard to high‐risk practice and behaviours. Consequently, the World Health Organization's Global Programme on AIDS (in collaboration with Member States) has developed research materials that can be used to define dominant patterns of sexual behavior, in different social and cultural…
The Health of Mother and Child in Rural Central Africa
In the Great Lakes Region of Central Africa, the population suffers from severe proteo-caloric malnutrition, with adverse affects on maternal and child health. Improvement of maternal nutrition would lead to rapid consecutive pregnancies, reducing the length of time each child could be breastfed and reducing the protein available to each child. Hence, the authors recommend modern birth spacing methods in combination with programs to improve the h…
Refugee Camps in Somalia
Twenty-seven percent of the children of 1-6 years were in a state of moderate malnutrition and 5% were suffering from severe malnutrition; 14% of the mothers had severe anaemia, probably originating in multiple deficiences. Poor sanitary conditions, due mainly to overcrowding, the high morbidity, fluctuations in food supply and the low level of the basic food allowance, would seem to be sufficient to explain the observed pattern and prevalence of…
A Film Program in Health and Family Planning in Rural Zaire
On Idjwi Island in Lake Kivu eastern Zaire a program of education through the medium of cinema was chosen as a possible means for narrowing the disparity between resource depletion and population growth. During the course of the project from 1972-78 considerable information was gathered on the reproductive practices of the island people and on those social and economic forces which govern their reproductive behavior. Scenarios for 13 films were w…
Promotion of Birth Spacing on Idjwi Island, Zaire
Idjwi Island in Lake Kivu in eastern Zaire supports approximately 50,000 largely subsistence farmers, the Bani-Iju. Rapid population growth, a declining economy, and a deteriorating environment have already converged to produce significant malnutrition in this isolated community. The highly structured and traditional social order, particularly regarding reproductive mores, is examined here in its relevance to an intervention program for reducing …
The Health of Mother and Child in Rural Central Africa
In the Great Lakes Region of Central Africa, the population suffers from severe proteo-caloric malnutrition, with adverse affects on maternal and child health. Improvement of maternal nutrition would lead to rapid consecutive pregnancies, reducing the length of time each child could be breastfed and reducing the protein available to each child. Hence, the authors recommend modern birth spacing methods in combination with programs to improve the h…
Refugee Camps in Somalia
Twenty-seven percent of the children of 1-6 years were in a state of moderate malnutrition and 5% were suffering from severe malnutrition; 14% of the mothers had severe anaemia, probably originating in multiple deficiences. Poor sanitary conditions, due mainly to overcrowding, the high morbidity, fluctuations in food supply and the low level of the basic food allowance, would seem to be sufficient to explain the observed pattern and prevalence of…
Promotion of Birth Spacing on Idjwi Island, Zaire
Idjwi Island in Lake Kivu in eastern Zaire supports approximately 50,000 largely subsistence farmers, the Bani-Iju. Rapid population growth, a declining economy, and a deteriorating environment have already converged to produce significant malnutrition in this isolated community. The highly structured and traditional social order, particularly regarding reproductive mores, is examined here in its relevance to an intervention program for reducing …
A Film Program in Health and Family Planning in Rural Zaire
On Idjwi Island in Lake Kivu eastern Zaire a program of education through the medium of cinema was chosen as a possible means for narrowing the disparity between resource depletion and population growth. During the course of the project from 1972-78 considerable information was gathered on the reproductive practices of the island people and on those social and economic forces which govern their reproductive behavior. Scenarios for 13 films were w…
HIV infection in developing countries
Shortly after the first reports on the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States, it became clear that the disease was also particularly frequent in Haitians living in North America (Pitchenik et at. , 1983; Curran et al. , 1985) and in Africans seen in Europe for medical care (Katlama et al. , 1984; Clumeck et al. , 1984). Subsequently, surveys in Haiti and in Central Africa confirmed the occurrence of epidemic foci of AIDS …
A cross national study of patterns of sexual behaviour
The global AIDS epidemic and the fact that HIV is sexually transmitted have highlighted the need for more information on patterns of human sexuality, especially with regard to high‐risk practice and behaviours. Consequently, the World Health Organization's Global Programme on AIDS (in collaboration with Member States) has developed research materials that can be used to define dominant patterns of sexual behavior, in different social and cultural…
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Urban Rwanda
Pregnancy and contraception use among urban Rwandan women after HIV testing and counseling
OBJECTIVES. This study examined hormonal contraceptive use and pregnancy in urban Rwandan women, following human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody testing and counseling. METHODS. A sample of 1458 childbearing urban Rwandan women aged 18 to 35 years was tested and followed for 2 years. RESULTS. At enrollment, 17% of 998 HIV-negative women and 11% of 460 HIV-positive women were pregnant, and 17% vs 23%, respectively, were using hormonal contra…
Confidential HIV Testing and Condom Promotion in Africa
Objective. —We evaluated the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and counseling on self-reported condom and spermicide use and on corresponding HIV seroconversion and gonorrhea rates in urban Rwandan women. Design. —Prospective cohort study with 2 years of follow-up, comparison of outcome variables before and after an intervention, and condom use measured in a control group that did not receive the intervention. Setting. —Outpati…
Urban-Rural Differentials in HIV/STDs and Sexual Behaviour
Heterosexual transmission has accounted for about three quarters of the estim ated 13 million human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in adults world wide. In the 1990s, this mode of transmission continues to grow in importance (WHO/GPA, 1993). The HIV/AIDS pandemic was initially centred in urban loca tions. Rural HIV and STD prevalences have generally been found to be much lower than urban prevalences, with some noticeable exceptions. In t…
Social change and HIV in the former USSR
Why do young women have a much higher prevalence of HIV than young men? A study in Kisumu, Kenya and Ndola, Zambia
OBJECTIVE: To examine the factors responsible for the disparity in HIV prevalence between young men and women in two urban populations in Africa with high HIV prevalence. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey, aiming to include 1000 men and 1000 women aged 15-49 years in Kisumu, Kenya and Ndola, Zambia. METHODS: Participants were interviewed and tested for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Analyses compared the marital and non-marital partn…
Sexual Risk Behavior in Urban Populations of Northeastern Africa
Sexual mixing patterns and sex-differentials in teenage exposure to HIV infection in rural Zimbabwe
How Uganda Reversed Its HIV Epidemic
Uganda is one of only two countries in the world that has successfully reversed the course of its HIV epidemic. There remains much controversy about how Uganda's HIV prevalence declined in the 1990s. This article describes the prevention programs and activities that were implemented in Uganda during critical years in its HIV epidemic, 1987 to 1994. Multiple resources were aggregated to fuel HV prevention campaigns at multiple levels to a far grea…
HIV, Resurgent Infections and Population Change in Africa
Promotion of couples' voluntary counselling and testing for HIV through influential networks in two African capital cities
Predictors of successful CVCT promotion included strategies that can be easily implemented in Africa. As new resources become available for Africans with HIV, CVCT should be broadly implemented as a point of entry for prevention, care and support
HIV, resurgent infections and population change in Africa
Is Concurrency Driving HIV Transmission in Sub-Saharan African Sexual Networks? The Significance of Sexual Partnership Typology
Medicine (14 works) · Population (11 works) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (10 works) · Environmental health (9 works) · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (8 works) · Demography (8 works) · Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV (7 works) · Sociology (7 works) · Economic growth (6 works) · Geography (6 works)