Loren G Davis
Biographic Data
| ID | 4052707 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Loren G Davis |
| GIVEN NAMES | Loren G |
| FAMILY NAME | Davis |
| SIGNATURE | DAVIS L G |
| AFFILIATIONS | Oregon State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0283-9822 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 36 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 191 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 35 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2001 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Evaluation of the Geoarchaeological Study that Proposes a Middle Holocene Age for Monte Verde II, Chile
The late Pleistocene age of Monte Verde II (MV-II), Chile, has been challenged based on a regional geoarchaeological study of Chinchihuapi Creek [Surovell, T., C. Méndez, J.-L. García, C. Lüthens, J. M. Thompson, and C. Latorre. 2026a. “A Mid-Holocene Age for Monte Verde Challenges the Timeline of Human Colonization of South America.” Science 391: 1283–1288]. The authors of that study propose that the early archaeological component at MV-II dates…
Reevaluation Is Not Novel, and Not All Reevaluations Are Equal
Geoarchaeology of Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene Occupation at the EL Peregrino and Colina Castor Sites on Cedros Island, Baja California, Mexico
This study presents the geoarchaeological and chronometric analysis of two Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene archaeological sites: El Peregrino (PAIC‐88) and Colina Castor (PAIC‐91), located on Cedros Island, Baja California, Mexico. Both sites are situated at the base of fossil spring localities above modern sea level and contain stratified cultural materials associated with now‐extinct freshwater sources that likely played a critical role in s…
The Geoarchaeological Context of Early Holocene Human Occupation at the Cerro Pedregoso Site, Cedros Island, Mexico
Geoarchaeological excavations at the Cerro Pedregoso site on Cedros Island, Baja California, Mexico, uncovered a stratified alluvial fan deposit containing well‐preserved evidence of repeated human occupation during the Early Holocene, between ~12,000 and 9600 cal BP . We used radiocarbon dating of wood charcoal and marine shell from multiple excavation units to establish a secure chronology for these early coastal forager occupations. These cult…
Unresolved
Pigati, J. S., K. B. Springer, J. S. Honke, D. Wahl, M. R. Champagne, S. R. H. Zimmerman, H. J. Gray, et al. [2023. “Independent Age Estimates Resolve the Controversy of Ancient Human Footprints at White Sands.” Science 382: 73–75. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adh5007] provide new age estimates for human footprints found at White Sands Locality 2, New Mexico, concluding that controversies about previously reported age estimates of ∼21,000–23,0…
A critical assessment of claims that human footprints in the Lake Otero basin, New Mexico date to the Last Glacial Maximum
The ancient human footprints in valley-bottom sediments in Tularosa Valley, New Mexico, are fascinating and potentially important because they suggest interactions between Pleistocene megafauna as well as great antiquity. The dating of those footprints is crucial in interpretations of when humans first came to North America from Asia, but the ages have larger uncertainties than has been reported. Some of that uncertainty is related to the possibi…
Technological Similarities Between ~ 13 ka Stemmed Points from Ushki V, Kamchatka, Russian Far East, and the Earliest Stemmed Points in North America
Response to Review of “Late Upper Paleolithic occupation at Cooper’s Ferry, Idaho, USA, ∼16,000 years ago” by Fiedel et al
In an essay published in PaleoAmerica (2020, Vol. 6, No. 4), Fiedel and coauthors present a review of “Late Upper Paleolithic occupation at Cooper’s Ferry, Idaho, USA, ∼16,000 years ago”, by Davis and coauthors in Science (2019, Vol. 365, pp. 891–897). Fiedel and coauthors’ review presents significant misunderstandings about fundamental aspects of site stratigraphy and radiocarbon chronology and also advances alternative speculations about report…
Fladmark + 40
Forty years ago, Knut Fladmark (1979) argued that the Pacific Coast offered a viable alternative to the ice-free corridor model for the initial peopling of the Americas-one of the first to support a 'coastal migration theory' that remained marginal for decades. Today, the pre-Clovis occupation at the Monte Verde site is widely accepted, several other pre-Clovis sites are well documented, investigations of terminal Pleistocene subaerial and submer…
Late Upper Paleolithic occupation at Cooper’s Ferry, Idaho, USA, ~16,000 years ago
The early occupation of America The Cooper's Ferry archaeological site in western North America has provided evidence for the pattern and time course of the early peopling of the Americas. Davis et al. describe new evidence of human activity from this site, including stemmed projectile points. Radiocarbon dating and Bayesian analysis indicate an age between 16,560 and 15,280 years before present. Humans therefore arrived in the Americas before an…
Late Pleistocene Archaeological Discovery Models on the Pacific Coast of North America
The Pacific coast of North America is a hypothesized route by which the earliest inhabitants of the Americas moved southwards around the western margin of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet just after the last glacial maximum. To test this hypothesis, we have been using a stepwise process to aid in late Pleistocene archaeological site discovery along the coast. The steps involved include: (1) creating localized sea level curves; (2) generating detailed ba…
The Western Stemmed Tradition
We review some of the current problems and prospects in ongoing Western Stemmed Tradition (WST) studies and highlight recent discoveries at important sites in the Intermountain West. While the region has traditionally not been the focus of peopling of the Americas studies, it has received considerable attention in recent years due to the discovery of WST points and other artifacts in Clovis-aged deposits. Fieldwork at sites in Oregon, Idaho, Neva…
Working from the Known to the Unknown
Since the collapse of the Clovis-first model of the peopling of the Americas some 30 years ago, there has been growing interest in the Pacific Coast as a potential early human dispersal corridor. With postglacial eustatic sea level rise inundating most New World paleoshorelines older than ~7000 years, however, locating terminal Pleistocene sites along modern coastlines is challenging. Using the distribution and archaeology of subaerial Paleocoast…
Morphometric and Technological Attributes of Western Stemmed Tradition Projectile Points Revealed in a Second Artifact Cache From the Cooper's Ferry Site, Idaho
In western North America, the Western Stemmed Tradition (WST) is contemporaneous with, but technologically different from, the Clovis Paleoindian Tradition as initially defined from the Great Plains and American Southwest. The foundational principles of WST lithic technology have not been as clearly delineated as those of their fluted and unfluted Paleoindian Tradition technological counterparts, largely due to the paucity of extensive WST lithic…
The Earliest Shell Fishhooks From the Americas Reveal Fishing Technology of Pleistocene Maritime Foragers
While the North American archaeological record signals the presence of early humans along the northeastern Pacific coast by the Late Pleistocene, we know little about the technological systems employed by these coastally oriented colonizing groups. We here report the discovery of the earliest unequivocal evidence for the use and manufacture of shell fishhooks in the western hemisphere. Four single-piece shell fishhooks dating to the terminal Plei…
Younger Dryas Archaeology and Human Experience at the Paisley Caves in the Northern Great Basin
Genomic evidence for the Pleistocene and recent population history of Native Americans
Genetic history of Native Americans Several theories have been put forth as to the origin and timing of when Native American ancestors entered the Americas. To clarify this controversy, Raghavan et al. examined the genomic variation among ancient and modern individuals from Asia and the Americas. There is no evidence for multiple waves of entry or recurrent gene flow with Asians in northern populations. The earliest migrations occurred no earlier…
Glimr
Archaeology's participation in the digital renaissance of the twenty-first century requires adequate operationalization of technological methods, such as three-dimensional scanning. Here, we describe and demonstrate a geographic information systems-based lithic morphometric research (GLiMR) software approach. GLiMR accurately and rapidly handles a sequence of ArcGIS procedures to extract geometric morphometric data from 2D and 3D scan files that …
Context, Provenance and Technology of a Western Stemmed Tradition Artifact Cache from the Cooper's Ferry Site, Idaho
The discovery of an artifact cache containing Western Stemmed Tradition (WST) projectile points in a clearly defined pit feature at the Cooper's Ferry site offers a unique perspective on early lithic technology and logistical organization in western North America. A description and analysis of the cache feature reveals several new insights, including: a rocky cairn capped the surface of the pit feature; some of the artifacts were made from crypto…
Clovis Age Western Stemmed Projectile Points and Human Coprolites at the Paisley Caves
They Walked Together Paisley Cave in Oregon provides some of the earliest evidence for humans in North America. Jenkins et al. (p. 223 ) provide a wide variety of additional evidence of early human occupation of this site, including a series of radiocarbon ages extending back to nearly 12,500 radiocarbon years ago (about 14,500 calendar years ago). The find includes examples of projectile points representative of the Western Stemmed Tradition dat…
Island of Fogs
(2012). Island of Fogs: Archaeological and Ethnohistorical Investigations of Isla Cedros, Baja California, by Matthew R. Des Lauriers. California Archaeology: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 153-155
Trekking the Shore
Trekking the shore
Technology, Mobility, and Adaptation Among Early Foragers of the Southern Northwest Coast
A PXRF-based chemostratigraphy and provenience system for the Cooper’s Ferry site, Idaho
Fladmark + 40
Forty years ago, Knut Fladmark (1979) argued that the Pacific Coast offered a viable alternative to the ice-free corridor model for the initial peopling of the Americas-one of the first to support a 'coastal migration theory' that remained marginal for decades. Today, the pre-Clovis occupation at the Monte Verde site is widely accepted, several other pre-Clovis sites are well documented, investigations of terminal Pleistocene subaerial and submer…
The Western Stemmed Tradition
We review some of the current problems and prospects in ongoing Western Stemmed Tradition (WST) studies and highlight recent discoveries at important sites in the Intermountain West. While the region has traditionally not been the focus of peopling of the Americas studies, it has received considerable attention in recent years due to the discovery of WST points and other artifacts in Clovis-aged deposits. Fieldwork at sites in Oregon, Idaho, Neva…
Context, Provenance and Technology of a Western Stemmed Tradition Artifact Cache from the Cooper's Ferry Site, Idaho
The discovery of an artifact cache containing Western Stemmed Tradition (WST) projectile points in a clearly defined pit feature at the Cooper's Ferry site offers a unique perspective on early lithic technology and logistical organization in western North America. A description and analysis of the cache feature reveals several new insights, including: a rocky cairn capped the surface of the pit feature; some of the artifacts were made from crypto…
Late Pleistocene Archaeological Discovery Models on the Pacific Coast of North America
The Pacific coast of North America is a hypothesized route by which the earliest inhabitants of the Americas moved southwards around the western margin of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet just after the last glacial maximum. To test this hypothesis, we have been using a stepwise process to aid in late Pleistocene archaeological site discovery along the coast. The steps involved include: (1) creating localized sea level curves; (2) generating detailed ba…
Geoarchaeological context of late Pleistocene and early Holocene occupation at the Cooper's Ferry site, western Idaho, USA
Archaeological excavations at the Cooper's Ferry site (10IH73), located in the lower Salmon River canyon of western Idaho, revealed a stratified sequence of cultural occupations that included a pit feature containing stemmed points. However, radiocarbon ages determined on charcoal and bone in the pit feature range between ca. 12,000 yr B.P. and 7300 yr B.P. By considering the effects of postdepositional processes on dated samples, and by comparin…
Glimr
Archaeology's participation in the digital renaissance of the twenty-first century requires adequate operationalization of technological methods, such as three-dimensional scanning. Here, we describe and demonstrate a geographic information systems-based lithic morphometric research (GLiMR) software approach. GLiMR accurately and rapidly handles a sequence of ArcGIS procedures to extract geometric morphometric data from 2D and 3D scan files that …
Working from the Known to the Unknown
Since the collapse of the Clovis-first model of the peopling of the Americas some 30 years ago, there has been growing interest in the Pacific Coast as a potential early human dispersal corridor. With postglacial eustatic sea level rise inundating most New World paleoshorelines older than ~7000 years, however, locating terminal Pleistocene sites along modern coastlines is challenging. Using the distribution and archaeology of subaerial Paleocoast…
A PXRF-based chemostratigraphy and provenience system for the Cooper’s Ferry site, Idaho
Morphometric and Technological Attributes of Western Stemmed Tradition Projectile Points Revealed in a Second Artifact Cache From the Cooper's Ferry Site, Idaho
In western North America, the Western Stemmed Tradition (WST) is contemporaneous with, but technologically different from, the Clovis Paleoindian Tradition as initially defined from the Great Plains and American Southwest. The foundational principles of WST lithic technology have not been as clearly delineated as those of their fluted and unfluted Paleoindian Tradition technological counterparts, largely due to the paucity of extensive WST lithic…
The Earliest Shell Fishhooks From the Americas Reveal Fishing Technology of Pleistocene Maritime Foragers
While the North American archaeological record signals the presence of early humans along the northeastern Pacific coast by the Late Pleistocene, we know little about the technological systems employed by these coastally oriented colonizing groups. We here report the discovery of the earliest unequivocal evidence for the use and manufacture of shell fishhooks in the western hemisphere. Four single-piece shell fishhooks dating to the terminal Plei…
A Late Pleistocene to Holocene Record of Precipitation Reflected in Shell δ18O From Three Archaeological Sites in the Lower Salmon River Canyon, Idaho
Problems and prospects in the preservation of Late Pleistocene cultural sites in southern Oregon coastal river valleys
Early human migration into the New World is hypothesized to have occurred along the northwest coast of North America as early as the Late Pleistocene. Following initial coastal occupation, humans may have moved inland following coastal rivers where their sites would presumably be easier to find. However, evidence of such inland mobility is lacking. The paucity of early sites in coastal river valleys is due, in part, to the dynamic geomorphic evol…
Geoarchaeological insights from Indian Sands, a Late Pleistocene site on the southern northwest coast, USA
Geoarchaeological investigations of site 35CU67C at the Indian Sands locality, along Oregon's southern coast, provide many insights useful for considering various aspects of a Late Pleistocene coastal migration hypothesis. The geographic and geomorphic setting of terminal Pleistocene human occupation at Indian Sands provides important contextual examples that may aid in the discovery of other early coastal sites. During the Terminal Pleistocene, …
A Late Pleistocene Occupation on the Southern Coast of Oregon
Geoarchaeological research on the southern coast of Oregon brought to light archaeological evidence of early human occupation in the late Pleistocene. Indian Sands (35CU67) lies on a highly eroded deflated headland on the Oregon coast where previous surveys had found and dated surficial cultural materials as early as 8250 b.p. (uncalibrated radiocarbon years). Prior to excavation of Indian Sands, sediment and stratigraphic analysis, along with ra…
Geoarchaeology and geochronology of pluvial Lake Chapala, Baja California, Mexico
Stratigraphic exposures in natural profiles, archaeological excavation units, backhoe trenches, and an uncased water well from the Laguna Seca Chapala basin in the Central Desert of Baja California (29°N, 115°W) record lake level and climate changes and provide a context for prehistoric occupation predating 9070 yr B.P. and extending through the Holocene. Lithofacies analysis points to the presence of a large (ca. 66 km 2 ) lake prior to 9070 yr …
The Geoarchaeological Context of Early Holocene Human Occupation at the Cerro Pedregoso Site, Cedros Island, Mexico
Geoarchaeological excavations at the Cerro Pedregoso site on Cedros Island, Baja California, Mexico, uncovered a stratified alluvial fan deposit containing well‐preserved evidence of repeated human occupation during the Early Holocene, between ~12,000 and 9600 cal BP . We used radiocarbon dating of wood charcoal and marine shell from multiple excavation units to establish a secure chronology for these early coastal forager occupations. These cult…
Paleoseismicity, Ecological Change, and Prehistoric Exploitation of Anadromous Fishes in the Salmon River Basin, Western Idaho, USA
By the middle Holocene, Native American groups developed semi-sedentary villages in the Columbia River basin of the Pacific Northwest. The economic basis for these villages is thought to have been predicated on the acquisition of bulk food resources, such as salmon and camas, for delayed consumption during the winter. In Idaho's lower Salmon River canyon, semi-sedentary pit house villages are absent until after 2000 14 C yr BP. Floodplain geochro…
A Late Pleistocene to Holocene Record of Precipitation Reflected in Shell δ18O From Three Archaeological Sites in the Lower Salmon River Canyon, Idaho
A Late Pleistocene Occupation on the Southern Coast of Oregon
Loren G. Davis, Michele L. Punke, Roberta L. Hall, Matthew Fillmore, Samuel C. Willis, A Late Pleistocene Occupation on the Southern Coast of Oregon, Journal of Field Archaeology, Vol. 29, No. 1/2 (Spring, 2002 - Summer, 2004), pp. 7-16
Earth sciences and archaeology
Geoarchaeology and geochronology of pluvial Lake Chapala, Baja California, Mexico
Stratigraphic exposures in natural profiles, archaeological excavation units, backhoe trenches, and an uncased water well from the Laguna Seca Chapala basin in the Central Desert of Baja California (29°N, 115°W) record lake level and climate changes and provide a context for prehistoric occupation predating 9070 yr B.P. and extending through the Holocene. Lithofacies analysis points to the presence of a large (ca. 66 km 2 ) lake prior to 9070 yr …
A Late Pleistocene Occupation on the Southern Coast of Oregon
Geoarchaeological research on the southern coast of Oregon brought to light archaeological evidence of early human occupation in the late Pleistocene. Indian Sands (35CU67) lies on a highly eroded deflated headland on the Oregon coast where previous surveys had found and dated surficial cultural materials as early as 8250 b.p. (uncalibrated radiocarbon years). Prior to excavation of Indian Sands, sediment and stratigraphic analysis, along with ra…
Geoarchaeological context of late Pleistocene and early Holocene occupation at the Cooper's Ferry site, western Idaho, USA
Archaeological excavations at the Cooper's Ferry site (10IH73), located in the lower Salmon River canyon of western Idaho, revealed a stratified sequence of cultural occupations that included a pit feature containing stemmed points. However, radiocarbon ages determined on charcoal and bone in the pit feature range between ca. 12,000 yr B.P. and 7300 yr B.P. By considering the effects of postdepositional processes on dated samples, and by comparin…
Radiocarbon, Soil, and Artifact Chronologies for An Early Southern Oregon Coastal Site
Radiocarbon dates together with geoarchaeological, soil, and lithic analyses are presented to describe archaeological site 35-CS-9 in Bandon Ocean Wayside State Park, Oregon, northwestern USA. One of the few Oregon middle-Holocene coastal sites that includes sediments and artifacts dating to the early Holocene and possibly to the late Pleistocene, it was recorded in 1951 and surface surveyed by archaeologists in 1975, 1986, and 1991, but its dept…
Response to Moss et al. “An Early Holocene/Late Pleistocene Archaeological Site on the Oregon Coast? Comments on Hall et al. (2005)”
Moss et al. (2006) provided comments and criticisms of our recent paper in this journal (Hall et al. 2005). We can appreciate the need for promoting vigorous dialogue among those interested in the research of early sites along the New World Pacific Margin and thus welcome their intervention; however, we are compelled to respond because they raise several points that require clarification and introduce a critical error that must be corrected
Geoarchaeological insights from Indian Sands, a Late Pleistocene site on the southern northwest coast, USA
Geoarchaeological investigations of site 35CU67C at the Indian Sands locality, along Oregon's southern coast, provide many insights useful for considering various aspects of a Late Pleistocene coastal migration hypothesis. The geographic and geomorphic setting of terminal Pleistocene human occupation at Indian Sands provides important contextual examples that may aid in the discovery of other early coastal sites. During the Terminal Pleistocene, …
Problems and prospects in the preservation of Late Pleistocene cultural sites in southern Oregon coastal river valleys
Early human migration into the New World is hypothesized to have occurred along the northwest coast of North America as early as the Late Pleistocene. Following initial coastal occupation, humans may have moved inland following coastal rivers where their sites would presumably be easier to find. However, evidence of such inland mobility is lacking. The paucity of early sites in coastal river valleys is due, in part, to the dynamic geomorphic evol…
Paleoseismicity, Ecological Change, and Prehistoric Exploitation of Anadromous Fishes in the Salmon River Basin, Western Idaho, USA
By the middle Holocene, Native American groups developed semi-sedentary villages in the Columbia River basin of the Pacific Northwest. The economic basis for these villages is thought to have been predicated on the acquisition of bulk food resources, such as salmon and camas, for delayed consumption during the winter. In Idaho's lower Salmon River canyon, semi-sedentary pit house villages are absent until after 2000 14 C yr BP. Floodplain geochro…
Trekking the Shore
Trekking the shore
Technology, Mobility, and Adaptation Among Early Foragers of the Southern Northwest Coast
A PXRF-based chemostratigraphy and provenience system for the Cooper’s Ferry site, Idaho
Clovis Age Western Stemmed Projectile Points and Human Coprolites at the Paisley Caves
They Walked Together Paisley Cave in Oregon provides some of the earliest evidence for humans in North America. Jenkins et al. (p. 223 ) provide a wide variety of additional evidence of early human occupation of this site, including a series of radiocarbon ages extending back to nearly 12,500 radiocarbon years ago (about 14,500 calendar years ago). The find includes examples of projectile points representative of the Western Stemmed Tradition dat…
Island of Fogs
(2012). Island of Fogs: Archaeological and Ethnohistorical Investigations of Isla Cedros, Baja California, by Matthew R. Des Lauriers. California Archaeology: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 153-155
Context, Provenance and Technology of a Western Stemmed Tradition Artifact Cache from the Cooper's Ferry Site, Idaho
The discovery of an artifact cache containing Western Stemmed Tradition (WST) projectile points in a clearly defined pit feature at the Cooper's Ferry site offers a unique perspective on early lithic technology and logistical organization in western North America. A description and analysis of the cache feature reveals several new insights, including: a rocky cairn capped the surface of the pit feature; some of the artifacts were made from crypto…
Genomic evidence for the Pleistocene and recent population history of Native Americans
Genetic history of Native Americans Several theories have been put forth as to the origin and timing of when Native American ancestors entered the Americas. To clarify this controversy, Raghavan et al. examined the genomic variation among ancient and modern individuals from Asia and the Americas. There is no evidence for multiple waves of entry or recurrent gene flow with Asians in northern populations. The earliest migrations occurred no earlier…
Glimr
Archaeology's participation in the digital renaissance of the twenty-first century requires adequate operationalization of technological methods, such as three-dimensional scanning. Here, we describe and demonstrate a geographic information systems-based lithic morphometric research (GLiMR) software approach. GLiMR accurately and rapidly handles a sequence of ArcGIS procedures to extract geometric morphometric data from 2D and 3D scan files that …
Younger Dryas Archaeology and Human Experience at the Paisley Caves in the Northern Great Basin
Morphometric and Technological Attributes of Western Stemmed Tradition Projectile Points Revealed in a Second Artifact Cache From the Cooper's Ferry Site, Idaho
In western North America, the Western Stemmed Tradition (WST) is contemporaneous with, but technologically different from, the Clovis Paleoindian Tradition as initially defined from the Great Plains and American Southwest. The foundational principles of WST lithic technology have not been as clearly delineated as those of their fluted and unfluted Paleoindian Tradition technological counterparts, largely due to the paucity of extensive WST lithic…
The Earliest Shell Fishhooks From the Americas Reveal Fishing Technology of Pleistocene Maritime Foragers
While the North American archaeological record signals the presence of early humans along the northeastern Pacific coast by the Late Pleistocene, we know little about the technological systems employed by these coastally oriented colonizing groups. We here report the discovery of the earliest unequivocal evidence for the use and manufacture of shell fishhooks in the western hemisphere. Four single-piece shell fishhooks dating to the terminal Plei…
Late Upper Paleolithic occupation at Cooper’s Ferry, Idaho, USA, ~16,000 years ago
The early occupation of America The Cooper's Ferry archaeological site in western North America has provided evidence for the pattern and time course of the early peopling of the Americas. Davis et al. describe new evidence of human activity from this site, including stemmed projectile points. Radiocarbon dating and Bayesian analysis indicate an age between 16,560 and 15,280 years before present. Humans therefore arrived in the Americas before an…
Late Pleistocene Archaeological Discovery Models on the Pacific Coast of North America
The Pacific coast of North America is a hypothesized route by which the earliest inhabitants of the Americas moved southwards around the western margin of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet just after the last glacial maximum. To test this hypothesis, we have been using a stepwise process to aid in late Pleistocene archaeological site discovery along the coast. The steps involved include: (1) creating localized sea level curves; (2) generating detailed ba…
Archaeology (31 works) · Geography (31 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (26 works) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (25 works) · Geology (22 works) · Pleistocene (20 works) · Geology and Paleoclimatology Research (18 works) · Holocene (15 works) · Paleontology (15 works) · Geology (11 works)