Marc M Howard
Biographic Data
| ID | 4124367 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Marc M Howard |
| GIVEN NAMES | Marc M |
| FAMILY NAME | Howard |
| SIGNATURE | HOWARD M M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Georgetown University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3669-6997 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 32 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 737 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 32 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2000 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2019 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
From Prison to Jail
An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button
Authoritarian backsliding and the concentration of political power
This article introduces the concept of authoritarian backsliding as a class of strategies for the concentration of incumbent political power in hybrid regimes. Such actions include manipulating elections, violating civil liberties, creating an extremely uneven playing field for the opposition, and reducing the institutional constraints on executive power. While often falling short of a full regime change, backsliding can significantly alter the l…
Mass Mobilization and the Democracy Bias
Response to Eva Bellin, Ellen Lust, and Marc Lynch
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Explaining the Unexpected
Political scientists have been caught by surprise by some of the world’s most dramatic political transformations. To assess how the discipline fared in explaining two of the most large-scale and unexpected developments of the past decades, we compare scholarship around the time of popular mobilization in Eastern Europe in 1989 and the Arab world in 2011. We argue that while scholars cannot be expected topredictutterly extraordinary events such as…
Civil Society in Post-Communist Europe
Germany's Citizenship Policy in Comparative Perspective
This article puts the 1999 German Nationality Act into a comparative European perspective. By applying a common measure of the relative restrictiveness or inclusiveness of a country's citizenship policy to the countries of the EU-15 at two different time periods, it provides an analysis of change both within and across countries. From this perspective, Germany has clearly moved "up" from having the single most restrictive law before the 1999 refo…
Civil Society Theory
Community, Types of
The Impact of the Far Right on Citizenship Policy in Europe
Over the past decade, the empirical study of national citizenship policies has emerged as a fast-growing area of research. This article contributes to that literature by focusing on the question of continuity and change in the 11 'historically restrictive' countries within the 15 'older' member-states of the European Union. It explains why six of the countries have liberalised their citizenship policies since the 1980s, whereas five have not. The…
The Politics of Citizenship in Europe
In this book, Howard addresses immigrant integration, one of the most critical challenges facing European countries, the resolution of which will in large part depend on how foreigners can become citizens. Howard's research shows that despite remarkable convergence in their economic, judicial, and social policies, the countries of the European Union still maintain very different definitions of citizenship. Based on an innovative measure of nation…
Civic Engagement and Civic Attitudes in Cross-National Perspective
Although civic engagement as a field of study has a long tradition in political science, it re-emerged in the 1990s as a result of real world events and academic scholarship. Popular revolutions in Eastern Europe and elsewhere led to a renewed interest in ‘people power’ across the world, including in the United States.And political scientist Robert Putnam’s study of civic community in Italy, followed by his analysis of changing patterns of social…
A Cross-National Comparison of the Internal Effects of Participation in Voluntary Organizations
This article draws on two recent and largely untapped sources of data to test empirically the Tocquevillian argument about the impact of involvement in civic organizations on individual attitudes and behaviors. Our analysis is based on two related studies – the European Social Survey (ESS) and the US ‘Citizenship, Involvement, Democracy’ (CID) survey – that incorporate innovative and detailed measures about respondents' involvement in voluntary a…
The Causes and Consequences of Germany's New Citizenship Law
Until recently, Germany was viewed as having an outdated and restrictive citizenship policy that was impervious to demographic realities and liberalising trends. Yet despite many predictions of continuity, Germany's policies have undergone considerable changes over the past decade. Indeed, the German Nationality Act of 2000 represented a liberalisation of Germany's notorious 1913 law, yet the new law did not go nearly as far as the Schröder gover…
Debating Immigration
Debating Immigration, first published in 2007, presents 18 original essays, written by some of the world's leading experts and pre-eminent academics, that explore the nuances of contemporary immigration and citizenship affecting the United States and Europe. The volume is organized around the following themes: religion and philosophy, law and policy, economics and demographics, race and ethnicity, and cosmopolitanism. Critical questions addressed…
Russian Anti-Semitism and the Scapegoating of Jews
Throughout Russian history, Jews have often been blamed when turmoil has arisen in the country. It is surprising, therefore, that Russian politics in the 1990s focused so little on Jews as a source of the political and economic crises afflicting the country. This article investigates anti-Jewish attitudes in Russia over time and cross-sectionally, carefully scrutinizing the hypothesis that perceptions of economic, social and political upheaval ac…
Commentary on Heinrich
Comparative Citizenship
In this article, I attempt to integrate the study of citizenship into debates in comparative politics, in two different ways. First, I justify the real-world importance of the topic, and thereby encourage other scholars to grapple with its manifestations and implications. Second, I present some suggestive evidence, based on the 15 “older” countries of the European Union (EU). The findings not only illustrate the extent of cross-national variation…
Civil Society Reconsidered
Liberalizing Electoral Outcomes in Competitive Authoritarian Regimes
In the wake of the third wave of democratization, competitive authoritarianism has emerged as a prominent regime type. These regimes feature regular, competitive elections between a government and an opposition, but the incumbent leader or party typically resorts to coercion, intimidation, and fraud to attempt to ensure electoral victory. Despite the incumbent's reliance on unfair practices to stay in power, such elections occasionally result in …
Conceptual and methodological suggestions for improving cross-national measures of civil society
Volkhart Finn Heinrich has provided an important contribution to the comparative study of civil society, both by writing his conceptually lucid article and by developing the very promising Civil So
Variation in Dual Citizenship Policies in the Countries of the EU
While the concept of citizenship has received considerable scholarly attention in recent years, few studies focus on the increasingly prevalent reality of dual citizenship, or full membership – with its respective rights, privileges, and obligations – in two different countries. The main objective of this article is to conceptualize, measure, and classify variation in dual citizenship in the countries of the European Union. I start by recounting …
Ordinary People in Extraordinary Times
Journal Article Ordinary People in Extraordinary Times: The Citizenry and the Breakdown of Democracy Get access Ordinary People in Extraordinary Times: The Citizenry and the Breakdown of Democracy by Nancy Bermeo. Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 2003. 272 pp. Cloth, $60.00; paper, $19.95. Marc Morjé Howard Marc Morjé Howard Georgetown University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Political Science …
The Weakness of Civil Society in Post-Communist Europe
Over a decade has passed since the collapse of communism, yet post-communist citizens are still far less likely to join voluntary organizations than people from other countries. Why do post-communist citizens mistrust public organizations? What explains this pattern of weak civil society? And what does this mean for democracy in the region? This engaging study addresses these questions with a provocative argument about the enduring impact of the …
The Discourses of Post-Communist Democratization
Over the past several years, scholars have increasingly recognized that the vast literature on transitions to democracy, or “transitology,” has tended to oversimplify the conception of “democracy” that was posited as the outcome of the democratization process. Indeed, despite some important exceptions (Linz and Stepan 1996; Diamond 1999), many scholars treated democracy as a single institutional phenomenon. Moreover, such basic—but widely used—me…
Liberalizing Electoral Outcomes in Competitive Authoritarian Regimes
In the wake of the third wave of democratization, competitive authoritarianism has emerged as a prominent regime type. These regimes feature regular, competitive elections between a government and an opposition, but the incumbent leader or party typically resorts to coercion, intimidation, and fraud to attempt to ensure electoral victory. Despite the incumbent's reliance on unfair practices to stay in power, such elections occasionally result in …
The Weakness of Postcommunist Civil Society
Civil society continues to thrive as an object of study in postcommunist Europe, as in most other regions of the world. Much of the literature on postcommunist civil society, however, stresses its relative weakness, whether compared to other regions or to the high expectations of 1989-91. 1 This emphasis on weakness is especially notable given that, only a decade ago, so many observers expected postcommunist civil society to be unusually strong a…
Comparative Citizenship
In this article, I attempt to integrate the study of citizenship into debates in comparative politics, in two different ways. First, I justify the real-world importance of the topic, and thereby encourage other scholars to grapple with its manifestations and implications. Second, I present some suggestive evidence, based on the 15 “older” countries of the European Union (EU). The findings not only illustrate the extent of cross-national variation…
A Cross-National Comparison of the Internal Effects of Participation in Voluntary Organizations
This article draws on two recent and largely untapped sources of data to test empirically the Tocquevillian argument about the impact of involvement in civic organizations on individual attitudes and behaviors. Our analysis is based on two related studies – the European Social Survey (ESS) and the US ‘Citizenship, Involvement, Democracy’ (CID) survey – that incorporate innovative and detailed measures about respondents' involvement in voluntary a…
Authoritarian backsliding and the concentration of political power
This article introduces the concept of authoritarian backsliding as a class of strategies for the concentration of incumbent political power in hybrid regimes. Such actions include manipulating elections, violating civil liberties, creating an extremely uneven playing field for the opposition, and reducing the institutional constraints on executive power. While often falling short of a full regime change, backsliding can significantly alter the l…
The Causes and Consequences of Germany's New Citizenship Law
Until recently, Germany was viewed as having an outdated and restrictive citizenship policy that was impervious to demographic realities and liberalising trends. Yet despite many predictions of continuity, Germany's policies have undergone considerable changes over the past decade. Indeed, the German Nationality Act of 2000 represented a liberalisation of Germany's notorious 1913 law, yet the new law did not go nearly as far as the Schröder gover…
Variation in Dual Citizenship Policies in the Countries of the EU
While the concept of citizenship has received considerable scholarly attention in recent years, few studies focus on the increasingly prevalent reality of dual citizenship, or full membership – with its respective rights, privileges, and obligations – in two different countries. The main objective of this article is to conceptualize, measure, and classify variation in dual citizenship in the countries of the European Union. I start by recounting …
The Impact of the Far Right on Citizenship Policy in Europe
Over the past decade, the empirical study of national citizenship policies has emerged as a fast-growing area of research. This article contributes to that literature by focusing on the question of continuity and change in the 11 'historically restrictive' countries within the 15 'older' member-states of the European Union. It explains why six of the countries have liberalised their citizenship policies since the 1980s, whereas five have not. The…
Civil Society Reconsidered
Russian Anti-Semitism and the Scapegoating of Jews
Throughout Russian history, Jews have often been blamed when turmoil has arisen in the country. It is surprising, therefore, that Russian politics in the 1990s focused so little on Jews as a source of the political and economic crises afflicting the country. This article investigates anti-Jewish attitudes in Russia over time and cross-sectionally, carefully scrutinizing the hypothesis that perceptions of economic, social and political upheaval ac…
Explaining the Unexpected
Political scientists have been caught by surprise by some of the world’s most dramatic political transformations. To assess how the discipline fared in explaining two of the most large-scale and unexpected developments of the past decades, we compare scholarship around the time of popular mobilization in Eastern Europe in 1989 and the Arab world in 2011. We argue that while scholars cannot be expected topredictutterly extraordinary events such as…
Civic Engagement and Civic Attitudes in Cross-National Perspective
Although civic engagement as a field of study has a long tradition in political science, it re-emerged in the 1990s as a result of real world events and academic scholarship. Popular revolutions in Eastern Europe and elsewhere led to a renewed interest in ‘people power’ across the world, including in the United States.And political scientist Robert Putnam’s study of civic community in Italy, followed by his analysis of changing patterns of social…
Can Populism be Suppressed in a Democracy? Austria, Germany, and the European Union
Conceptual and methodological suggestions for improving cross-national measures of civil society
Volkhart Finn Heinrich has provided an important contribution to the comparative study of civil society, both by writing his conceptually lucid article and by developing the very promising Civil So
Grand Strategy in the Twentieth Century
Mass Mobilization and the Democracy Bias
Response to Eva Bellin, Ellen Lust, and Marc Lynch
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Germany's Citizenship Policy in Comparative Perspective
This article puts the 1999 German Nationality Act into a comparative European perspective. By applying a common measure of the relative restrictiveness or inclusiveness of a country's citizenship policy to the countries of the EU-15 at two different time periods, it provides an analysis of change both within and across countries. From this perspective, Germany has clearly moved "up" from having the single most restrictive law before the 1999 refo…
Can Populism Be Suppressed in a Democracy? Austria, Germany, and the European Union
From Prison to Jail
An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button
Judging the Past in Unified Germany
Journal Article Judging the Past in Unified Germany Get access Judging the Past in Unified Germany by A. James McAdams. New York, Cambridge University Press, 2001. 244 pp. Cloth, $52.95; paper, $19.95. Marc Morjé Howard Marc Morjé Howard University of Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Political Science Quarterly, Volume 117, Issue 3, Fall 2002, Pages 511–513, https://doi.org/10.2307/798280 Published…
Can Populism be Suppressed in a Democracy? Austria, Germany, and the European Union
Continuity and Change in Germany's Turbulent Twentieth Century
Carl F. Lankowski, ed., Breakdown, Breakup, Breakthrough: Germany's Difficult Passage to Modernity (New York: Berghahn Books, 1999)John Brady, Beverly Crawford, and Sarah Elise Wiliarty, eds., The Postwar Transformation of Germany: Democracy, Prosperity, and Nationhood (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999)Christopher S. Allen, ed., Transformation of the German Political Party System: Institutional Crisis or Democratic Renewal? (New York…
Grand Strategy in the Twentieth Century
Can Populism Be Suppressed in a Democracy? Austria, Germany, and the European Union
Judging the Past in Unified Germany
Journal Article Judging the Past in Unified Germany Get access Judging the Past in Unified Germany by A. James McAdams. New York, Cambridge University Press, 2001. 244 pp. Cloth, $52.95; paper, $19.95. Marc Morjé Howard Marc Morjé Howard University of Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Political Science Quarterly, Volume 117, Issue 3, Fall 2002, Pages 511–513, https://doi.org/10.2307/798280 Published…
The Weakness of Postcommunist Civil Society
Civil society continues to thrive as an object of study in postcommunist Europe, as in most other regions of the world. Much of the literature on postcommunist civil society, however, stresses its relative weakness, whether compared to other regions or to the high expectations of 1989-91. 1 This emphasis on weakness is especially notable given that, only a decade ago, so many observers expected postcommunist civil society to be unusually strong a…
The Weakness of Civil Society in Post-Communist Europe
Over a decade has passed since the collapse of communism, yet post-communist citizens are still far less likely to join voluntary organizations than people from other countries. Why do post-communist citizens mistrust public organizations? What explains this pattern of weak civil society? And what does this mean for democracy in the region? This engaging study addresses these questions with a provocative argument about the enduring impact of the …
The Discourses of Post-Communist Democratization
Over the past several years, scholars have increasingly recognized that the vast literature on transitions to democracy, or “transitology,” has tended to oversimplify the conception of “democracy” that was posited as the outcome of the democratization process. Indeed, despite some important exceptions (Linz and Stepan 1996; Diamond 1999), many scholars treated democracy as a single institutional phenomenon. Moreover, such basic—but widely used—me…
Writing the Great War
Journal Article Writing the Great War: Sir James Edmonds and the Official Histories, 1915–1948 Get access Michael Howard Michael Howard Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume 118, Issue 479, November 2003, Pages 1420–1421, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/118.479.1420 Published: 01 November 2003
Conceptual and methodological suggestions for improving cross-national measures of civil society
Volkhart Finn Heinrich has provided an important contribution to the comparative study of civil society, both by writing his conceptually lucid article and by developing the very promising Civil So
Variation in Dual Citizenship Policies in the Countries of the EU
While the concept of citizenship has received considerable scholarly attention in recent years, few studies focus on the increasingly prevalent reality of dual citizenship, or full membership – with its respective rights, privileges, and obligations – in two different countries. The main objective of this article is to conceptualize, measure, and classify variation in dual citizenship in the countries of the European Union. I start by recounting …
Ordinary People in Extraordinary Times
Journal Article Ordinary People in Extraordinary Times: The Citizenry and the Breakdown of Democracy Get access Ordinary People in Extraordinary Times: The Citizenry and the Breakdown of Democracy by Nancy Bermeo. Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 2003. 272 pp. Cloth, $60.00; paper, $19.95. Marc Morjé Howard Marc Morjé Howard Georgetown University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Political Science …
Commentary on Heinrich
Comparative Citizenship
In this article, I attempt to integrate the study of citizenship into debates in comparative politics, in two different ways. First, I justify the real-world importance of the topic, and thereby encourage other scholars to grapple with its manifestations and implications. Second, I present some suggestive evidence, based on the 15 “older” countries of the European Union (EU). The findings not only illustrate the extent of cross-national variation…
Civil Society Reconsidered
Liberalizing Electoral Outcomes in Competitive Authoritarian Regimes
In the wake of the third wave of democratization, competitive authoritarianism has emerged as a prominent regime type. These regimes feature regular, competitive elections between a government and an opposition, but the incumbent leader or party typically resorts to coercion, intimidation, and fraud to attempt to ensure electoral victory. Despite the incumbent's reliance on unfair practices to stay in power, such elections occasionally result in …
Debating Immigration
Debating Immigration, first published in 2007, presents 18 original essays, written by some of the world's leading experts and pre-eminent academics, that explore the nuances of contemporary immigration and citizenship affecting the United States and Europe. The volume is organized around the following themes: religion and philosophy, law and policy, economics and demographics, race and ethnicity, and cosmopolitanism. Critical questions addressed…
Russian Anti-Semitism and the Scapegoating of Jews
Throughout Russian history, Jews have often been blamed when turmoil has arisen in the country. It is surprising, therefore, that Russian politics in the 1990s focused so little on Jews as a source of the political and economic crises afflicting the country. This article investigates anti-Jewish attitudes in Russia over time and cross-sectionally, carefully scrutinizing the hypothesis that perceptions of economic, social and political upheaval ac…
Civic Engagement and Civic Attitudes in Cross-National Perspective
Although civic engagement as a field of study has a long tradition in political science, it re-emerged in the 1990s as a result of real world events and academic scholarship. Popular revolutions in Eastern Europe and elsewhere led to a renewed interest in ‘people power’ across the world, including in the United States.And political scientist Robert Putnam’s study of civic community in Italy, followed by his analysis of changing patterns of social…
A Cross-National Comparison of the Internal Effects of Participation in Voluntary Organizations
This article draws on two recent and largely untapped sources of data to test empirically the Tocquevillian argument about the impact of involvement in civic organizations on individual attitudes and behaviors. Our analysis is based on two related studies – the European Social Survey (ESS) and the US ‘Citizenship, Involvement, Democracy’ (CID) survey – that incorporate innovative and detailed measures about respondents' involvement in voluntary a…
The Causes and Consequences of Germany's New Citizenship Law
Until recently, Germany was viewed as having an outdated and restrictive citizenship policy that was impervious to demographic realities and liberalising trends. Yet despite many predictions of continuity, Germany's policies have undergone considerable changes over the past decade. Indeed, the German Nationality Act of 2000 represented a liberalisation of Germany's notorious 1913 law, yet the new law did not go nearly as far as the Schröder gover…
The Politics of Citizenship in Europe
In this book, Howard addresses immigrant integration, one of the most critical challenges facing European countries, the resolution of which will in large part depend on how foreigners can become citizens. Howard's research shows that despite remarkable convergence in their economic, judicial, and social policies, the countries of the European Union still maintain very different definitions of citizenship. Based on an innovative measure of nation…
Civil Society Theory
Community, Types of
The Impact of the Far Right on Citizenship Policy in Europe
Over the past decade, the empirical study of national citizenship policies has emerged as a fast-growing area of research. This article contributes to that literature by focusing on the question of continuity and change in the 11 'historically restrictive' countries within the 15 'older' member-states of the European Union. It explains why six of the countries have liberalised their citizenship policies since the 1980s, whereas five have not. The…
Political science (28 works) · Law (27 works) · Politics (25 works) · Sociology (23 works) · Law (20 works) · Political economy (18 works) · Democracy (14 works) · Economics (13 works) · Citizenship (9 works) · Political Conflict and Governance (8 works)