Adrian Angold
Biographic Data
| ID | 4198486 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Adrian Angold |
| GIVEN NAMES | Adrian |
| FAMILY NAME | Angold |
| SIGNATURE | ANGOLD A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Duke Medical Center |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 34 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 211 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 34 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1995 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2014 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Longitudinal Patterns of Anxiety From Childhood to Adulthood
Impact of Bullying in Childhood on Adult Health, Wealth, Crime, and Social Outcomes
Bullying is a serious problem for schools, parents, and public-policymakers alike. Bullying creates risks of health and social problems in childhood, but it is unclear if such risks extend into adulthood. A large cohort of children was assessed for bullying involvement in childhood and then followed up in young adulthood in an assessment of health, risky or illegal behavior, wealth, and social relationships. Victims of childhood bullying, includi…
Adult Psychiatric Outcomes of Bullying and Being Bullied by Peers in Childhood and Adolescence
The effects of being bullied are direct, pleiotropic, and long-lasting, with the worst effects for those who are both victims and bullies.
Indirect Comorbidity in Childhood and Adolescence
After accounting for the overlap between depressive disorders with generalized anxiety disorder, direct comorbidity between emotional and behavioral disorders was uncommon. When there was evidence of indirect comorbidity, ODD, and distress disorders were the key intermediary diagnoses accounting for the apparent associations
Trends in psychopathology across the adolescent years
Background: Little is known about changes in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders between childhood and adolescence, and adolescence and adulthood. Methods: We reviewed papers reporting prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders separately for childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood. Both longitudinal and cross‐sectional papers published in the past 15 years were included. Results: About one adolescent in five has a psychiatric disorder. Fr…
Parents' Incomes and Children's Outcomes
We examine the role an exogenous increase in household income, due to a government transfer unrelated to household characteristics, plays in children's long-run outcomes. Children in affected households have higher levels of education in their young adulthood and a lower incidence of criminality for minor offenses. Effects differ by initial household poverty status. An additional $4,000 per year for the poorest households increases educational at…
Specifying Criminogenic Strains
This article examines family stress dynamics and conduct disorder trajectories prospectively in the lives of adolescents from the Great Smoky Mountains Study of Youth (n = 1,319). Semi-parametric mixture models are used to identify distinct trajectories of conduct disorder, poverty, and family structure. We specify criminogenic features of dynamic family strains with multivariate models. Results highlight the protective role of family stability o…
Childhood and Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders as Predictors of Young Adult Disorders
CONTEXT: Most adults with a psychiatric disorder first met diagnostic criteria during childhood and/or adolescence, yet specific homotypic and heterotypic patterns of prediction have not been firmly established. OBJECTIVE: To establish which childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders predict particular young adult disorders when accounting for comorbidities, disaggregating similar disorders, and examining childhood and adolescent predictors s…
Moving from ethnography to epidemiology
When creating ethnographically-based instruments, it is important to strike a balance between detailed, participant-driven procedures and the analytic needs of hypothesis testing. Ethnographically-based instruments have utility for predicting health outcomes in longitudinal studies
Cultural and community determinants of subjective social status among Cherokee and White youth
Cultural identity, community context, and local reference groups are crucial determinants of SSS. Both White and Cherokee youth in Appalachia exhibit SSS rankings consistent with socioeconomic and cultural marginalization. On a local scale, however, living in high poverty areas or minority communities may buffer individuals from some negative social comparisons regarding subjectively perceived SES. Meanwhile, social monitoring in small minority c…
Traumatic Events and Posttraumatic Stress in Childhood
CONTEXT: Traumatic events are common and are related to psychiatric impairment in childhood. Little is known about the risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) across different types of trauma exposure in children. OBJECTIVE: To examine the developmental epidemiology of potential trauma and posttraumatic stress (PTS) in a longitudinal community sample of children. METHODS: A representative population sample of 1420 children aged 9, 11, and 1…
What do childhood anxiety disorders predict?
Background: Few longitudinal studies of child and adolescent psychopathology have examined the links between specific childhood anxiety disorders and adolescent psychiatric disorder. In this paper we test the predictive specificity of separation anxiety disorder (SAD), overanxious disorder (OAD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and social phobia. Methods: Data come from the Great Smoky Mountains Study (GSMS). A representative population sampl…
Is there an epidemic of child or adolescent depression?
Background: Both the professional and the general media have recently published concerns about an ‘epidemic’ of child and adolescent depression. Reasons for this concern include (1) increases in antidepressant prescriptions, (2) retrospective recall by successive birth cohorts of adults, (3) rising adolescent suicide rates until 1990, and (4) evidence of an increase in emotional problems across three cohorts of British adolescents. Methods: Epide…
Common emotional and behavioral disorders in preschool children
We review recent research on the presentation, nosology and epidemiology of behavioral and emotional psychiatric disorders in preschool children (children ages 2 through 5 years old), focusing on the five most common groups of childhood psychiatric disorders: attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, oppositional defiant and conduct disorders, anxiety disorders, and depressive disorders. We review the various approaches to classifying behavioral…
Differences Among Children Whose Mothers Have Been in Contact with the Criminal Justice System
In order to effectively help children whose mothers become involved with the criminal justice system, it is important to understand their differing needs. To that end, the analyses described in this article explore the heterogeneity in parent and family risks among a group of children whose mothers had contact with the criminal justice system. Using data from an epidemiologic study of youth, results showed that the two most prevalent problems in …
Disentangling the Risks
Research Summary: The analyses reported in this article are based on data from a longitudinal epidmiologic study of youth from 11 rural counties in North Carolina—the Great Smoky Mountains Study. Nearly half (47.4%) of the children in the population represented in this study had a parent or other parent figure who had been arrested as an adult. Analyses showed that parent risk factors (i.e., substance abuse, mental illness, and lack of education)…
The Developmental Epidemiology of Anxiety Disorders
Year Research Update Review
There is mounting evidence that many, if not most, lifetime psychiatric disorders will first appear in childhood or adolescence. Methods are now available to monitor youths and to make early intervention feasible.
Distant Trauma
In 2001, 730 young adults (aged 19-21) were given a detailed assessment as part of an ongoing longitudinal, epidemiological study of the development of psychiatric disorders across childhood and adolescence. Each participant had been interviewed up to 6 times previously, beginning in 1993. Parents were also interviewed until participants reached 16 years old. By chance in 2001, two-thirds (475) of the participants were interviewed before Septembe…
Prevalence and Development of Psychiatric Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence
BACKGROUND: This longitudinal community study assessed the prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders from age 9 through 16 years and examined homotypic and heterotypic continuity. METHODS: A representative population sample of 1420 children aged 9 to 13 years at intake were assessed annually for DSM-IV disorders until age 16 years. RESULTS: Although 3-month prevalence of any disorder averaged 13.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.7%-1…
Relationships Between Poverty and Psychopathology
CONTEXT: Social causation (adversity and stress) vs social selection (downward mobility from familial liability to mental illness) are competing theories about the origins of mental illness. OBJECTIVE: To test the role of social selection vs social causation of childhood psychopathology using a natural experiment. DESIGN: Quasi-experimental, longitudinal study. POPULATION AND SETTING: A representative population sample of 1420 rural children aged…
School Refusal and Psychiatric Disorders
Pathways Into and Through Mental Health Services for Children and Adolescents
OBJECTIVE: This study examined points of entry into the mental health service system for children and adolescents as well as patterns of movement through five service sectors: specialty mental health services, education, general medicine, juvenile justice, and child welfare. METHODS: The data were from the Great Smoky Mountains Study, a longitudinal epidemiologic study of mental health problems and service use among youths. The sample consisted o…
Pathways to Violence in the Children of Mothers Who Were Depressed Postpartum
The impact of postnatal depression on a child's risk for violent behavior was evaluated in an urban British community sample (N=122 families). Mothers were interviewed during pregnancy, at 3 months postpartum, and when the child was 1, 4, and 11 years of age. Mothers, teachers, and children reported on violent symptoms at age 11. Structural equation modeling revealed that the child's violence was predicted by the mother's postnatal depression eve…
The prevalence of potentially traumatic events in childhood and adolescence
This paper examines exposure to potentially traumatic events from middle childhood through adolescence, and vulnerability to such exposure. Analyses are based on the first 4 annual waves of data from a longitudinal general population study of youth in western North Carolina, involving 4,965 interviews with 1,420 children and adolescents and their parents or guardians. Participants reported on DSM extreme stressors (“high magnitude events”), other…
Use of Mental Health Services by Youth in Contact with Social Services
This article compares mental health service need and use among three groups of children: those with a history of foster care placement, those in contact with departments of social services but never in placement, and those from impoverished families who have not been in contact with social services. Data come from a longitudinal epidemiologic study of mental health problems and service use. All three groups show very high rates of mental health p…
Disentangling the Risks
Research Summary: The analyses reported in this article are based on data from a longitudinal epidmiologic study of youth from 11 rural counties in North Carolina—the Great Smoky Mountains Study. Nearly half (47.4%) of the children in the population represented in this study had a parent or other parent figure who had been arrested as an adult. Analyses showed that parent risk factors (i.e., substance abuse, mental illness, and lack of education)…
Perceived parental burden and service use for child and adolescent psychiatric disorders
OBJECTIVES: Pediatric chronic physical illness and adult psychiatric disorders are substantial sources of burden for family care-takers, but little attention has been paid to parental burden resulting from children's or adolescents' psychiatric disorders. This paper describes the predictors of perceived parental burden and its impact on the use of specialty mental health and school services. METHODS: A representative general population sample of …
Use, Persistence, and Intensity
Poverty, Race/Ethnicity, and Psychiatric Disorder
Objectives. This study examined the effect of poverty on the prevalence of psychiatric disorder in rural Black and White children. Methods. A representative sample of 541 Black children and 379 White children aged 9 to 17 was drawn from 4 predominantly rural counties. Structured interviews with parents and children collected information on psychiatric disorders, absolute and relative poverty, and risk factors for psychiatric disorder. Results. Th…
Psychiatric disorders among American Indian and white youth in Appalachia
OBJECTIVES: This study examined prevalence of psychiatric disorders, social and family risk factors for disorders, and met and unmet needs for mental health care among Appalachian youth. METHODS: All 9-, 11-, and 13-year-old American Indian children in an 11-county area of the southern Appalachians were recruited, together with a representative sample of the surrounding population of White children. RESULTS: Three-month prevalences of psychiatric…
Cultural and community determinants of subjective social status among Cherokee and White youth
Cultural identity, community context, and local reference groups are crucial determinants of SSS. Both White and Cherokee youth in Appalachia exhibit SSS rankings consistent with socioeconomic and cultural marginalization. On a local scale, however, living in high poverty areas or minority communities may buffer individuals from some negative social comparisons regarding subjectively perceived SES. Meanwhile, social monitoring in small minority c…
Moving from ethnography to epidemiology
When creating ethnographically-based instruments, it is important to strike a balance between detailed, participant-driven procedures and the analytic needs of hypothesis testing. Ethnographically-based instruments have utility for predicting health outcomes in longitudinal studies
Pathways to Violence in the Children of Mothers Who Were Depressed Postpartum
The impact of postnatal depression on a child's risk for violent behavior was evaluated in an urban British community sample (N=122 families). Mothers were interviewed during pregnancy, at 3 months postpartum, and when the child was 1, 4, and 11 years of age. Mothers, teachers, and children reported on violent symptoms at age 11. Structural equation modeling revealed that the child's violence was predicted by the mother's postnatal depression eve…
Specifying Criminogenic Strains
This article examines family stress dynamics and conduct disorder trajectories prospectively in the lives of adolescents from the Great Smoky Mountains Study of Youth (n = 1,319). Semi-parametric mixture models are used to identify distinct trajectories of conduct disorder, poverty, and family structure. We specify criminogenic features of dynamic family strains with multivariate models. Results highlight the protective role of family stability o…
Children's Mental Health Service Use Across Service Sectors
This DataWatch explores the roles of human service sectors (mental health, education, health, child welfare, and juvenile justice) in providing mental health services for children. The data are from the first wave of the Great Smoky Mountains Study of Youth, a population-based study of psychopathology and mental health service use among children. The results show somewhat higher rates of mental health service use than has been reported previously…
Psychiatric disorders among American Indian and white youth in Appalachia
OBJECTIVES: This study examined prevalence of psychiatric disorders, social and family risk factors for disorders, and met and unmet needs for mental health care among Appalachian youth. METHODS: All 9-, 11-, and 13-year-old American Indian children in an 11-county area of the southern Appalachians were recruited, together with a representative sample of the surrounding population of White children. RESULTS: Three-month prevalences of psychiatric…
Perceived parental burden and service use for child and adolescent psychiatric disorders
OBJECTIVES: Pediatric chronic physical illness and adult psychiatric disorders are substantial sources of burden for family care-takers, but little attention has been paid to parental burden resulting from children's or adolescents' psychiatric disorders. This paper describes the predictors of perceived parental burden and its impact on the use of specialty mental health and school services. METHODS: A representative general population sample of …
Comorbidity
We review recent research on the prevalence, causes, and effects of diagnostic comorbidity among the most common groups of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders; anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, oppositional defiant and conduct disorders, and substance abuse. A meta‐analysis of representative general population studies provides estimates of the strength of associations between pairs of disor…
Use, Persistence, and Intensity
Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies in Whole Blood Spots
OBJECTIVE: Study 1: Introduce and validate a method for measuring EBV p18-VCA antibodies in whole blood spots to provide a minimally invasive marker of cell-mediated immune function. Study 2: Apply this method to a large community-based study of psychopathology in children and adolescents. METHODS: The EBV antibody method was evaluated through analysis of precision, reliability, stability, and comparisons with plasma and indirect immunofluorescen…
Poverty, Race/Ethnicity, and Psychiatric Disorder
Objectives. This study examined the effect of poverty on the prevalence of psychiatric disorder in rural Black and White children. Methods. A representative sample of 541 Black children and 379 White children aged 9 to 17 was drawn from 4 predominantly rural counties. Structured interviews with parents and children collected information on psychiatric disorders, absolute and relative poverty, and risk factors for psychiatric disorder. Results. Th…
Use of Mental Health Services by Youth in Contact with Social Services
This article compares mental health service need and use among three groups of children: those with a history of foster care placement, those in contact with departments of social services but never in placement, and those from impoverished families who have not been in contact with social services. Data come from a longitudinal epidemiologic study of mental health problems and service use. All three groups show very high rates of mental health p…
The prevalence of potentially traumatic events in childhood and adolescence
This paper examines exposure to potentially traumatic events from middle childhood through adolescence, and vulnerability to such exposure. Analyses are based on the first 4 annual waves of data from a longitudinal general population study of youth in western North Carolina, involving 4,965 interviews with 1,420 children and adolescents and their parents or guardians. Participants reported on DSM extreme stressors (“high magnitude events”), other…
Depression scale scores in 8–17‐year‐olds
Background: The excess of unipolar depression in females emerges in adolescence. However, studies of age effects on depression scale scores have produced divergent estimates of changes from childhood to adolescence. Method: We explored possible reasons for this discrepancy in two large, longitudinal samples of twins and singletons aged 8–17. Results: There were no differences between twins and singletons in their scores on the Short Mood and Feel…
Prevalence and Development of Psychiatric Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence
BACKGROUND: This longitudinal community study assessed the prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders from age 9 through 16 years and examined homotypic and heterotypic continuity. METHODS: A representative population sample of 1420 children aged 9 to 13 years at intake were assessed annually for DSM-IV disorders until age 16 years. RESULTS: Although 3-month prevalence of any disorder averaged 13.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.7%-1…
Relationships Between Poverty and Psychopathology
CONTEXT: Social causation (adversity and stress) vs social selection (downward mobility from familial liability to mental illness) are competing theories about the origins of mental illness. OBJECTIVE: To test the role of social selection vs social causation of childhood psychopathology using a natural experiment. DESIGN: Quasi-experimental, longitudinal study. POPULATION AND SETTING: A representative population sample of 1420 rural children aged…
School Refusal and Psychiatric Disorders
Pathways Into and Through Mental Health Services for Children and Adolescents
OBJECTIVE: This study examined points of entry into the mental health service system for children and adolescents as well as patterns of movement through five service sectors: specialty mental health services, education, general medicine, juvenile justice, and child welfare. METHODS: The data were from the Great Smoky Mountains Study, a longitudinal epidemiologic study of mental health problems and service use among youths. The sample consisted o…
Pathways to Violence in the Children of Mothers Who Were Depressed Postpartum
The impact of postnatal depression on a child's risk for violent behavior was evaluated in an urban British community sample (N=122 families). Mothers were interviewed during pregnancy, at 3 months postpartum, and when the child was 1, 4, and 11 years of age. Mothers, teachers, and children reported on violent symptoms at age 11. Structural equation modeling revealed that the child's violence was predicted by the mother's postnatal depression eve…
Distant Trauma
In 2001, 730 young adults (aged 19-21) were given a detailed assessment as part of an ongoing longitudinal, epidemiological study of the development of psychiatric disorders across childhood and adolescence. Each participant had been interviewed up to 6 times previously, beginning in 1993. Parents were also interviewed until participants reached 16 years old. By chance in 2001, two-thirds (475) of the participants were interviewed before Septembe…
The Developmental Epidemiology of Anxiety Disorders
Year Research Update Review
There is mounting evidence that many, if not most, lifetime psychiatric disorders will first appear in childhood or adolescence. Methods are now available to monitor youths and to make early intervention feasible.
Is there an epidemic of child or adolescent depression?
Background: Both the professional and the general media have recently published concerns about an ‘epidemic’ of child and adolescent depression. Reasons for this concern include (1) increases in antidepressant prescriptions, (2) retrospective recall by successive birth cohorts of adults, (3) rising adolescent suicide rates until 1990, and (4) evidence of an increase in emotional problems across three cohorts of British adolescents. Methods: Epide…
Common emotional and behavioral disorders in preschool children
We review recent research on the presentation, nosology and epidemiology of behavioral and emotional psychiatric disorders in preschool children (children ages 2 through 5 years old), focusing on the five most common groups of childhood psychiatric disorders: attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, oppositional defiant and conduct disorders, anxiety disorders, and depressive disorders. We review the various approaches to classifying behavioral…
Differences Among Children Whose Mothers Have Been in Contact with the Criminal Justice System
In order to effectively help children whose mothers become involved with the criminal justice system, it is important to understand their differing needs. To that end, the analyses described in this article explore the heterogeneity in parent and family risks among a group of children whose mothers had contact with the criminal justice system. Using data from an epidemiologic study of youth, results showed that the two most prevalent problems in …
Disentangling the Risks
Research Summary: The analyses reported in this article are based on data from a longitudinal epidmiologic study of youth from 11 rural counties in North Carolina—the Great Smoky Mountains Study. Nearly half (47.4%) of the children in the population represented in this study had a parent or other parent figure who had been arrested as an adult. Analyses showed that parent risk factors (i.e., substance abuse, mental illness, and lack of education)…
Traumatic Events and Posttraumatic Stress in Childhood
CONTEXT: Traumatic events are common and are related to psychiatric impairment in childhood. Little is known about the risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) across different types of trauma exposure in children. OBJECTIVE: To examine the developmental epidemiology of potential trauma and posttraumatic stress (PTS) in a longitudinal community sample of children. METHODS: A representative population sample of 1420 children aged 9, 11, and 1…
What do childhood anxiety disorders predict?
Background: Few longitudinal studies of child and adolescent psychopathology have examined the links between specific childhood anxiety disorders and adolescent psychiatric disorder. In this paper we test the predictive specificity of separation anxiety disorder (SAD), overanxious disorder (OAD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and social phobia. Methods: Data come from the Great Smoky Mountains Study (GSMS). A representative population sampl…
Cultural and community determinants of subjective social status among Cherokee and White youth
Cultural identity, community context, and local reference groups are crucial determinants of SSS. Both White and Cherokee youth in Appalachia exhibit SSS rankings consistent with socioeconomic and cultural marginalization. On a local scale, however, living in high poverty areas or minority communities may buffer individuals from some negative social comparisons regarding subjectively perceived SES. Meanwhile, social monitoring in small minority c…
Medicine (30 works) · Psychology (28 works) · Psychiatry (26 works) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (23 works) · Clinical Psychology (17 works) · Population (14 works) · Anxiety (12 works) · Developmental psychology (11 works) · Child Abuse and Trauma (10 works) · Mental Health Treatment and Access (10 works)