Robert B Wallace
Biographic Data
| ID | 4229372 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Robert B Wallace |
| GIVEN NAMES | Robert B |
| FAMILY NAME | Wallace |
| SIGNATURE | WALLACE R B |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Iowa |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6040-3803 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 78 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 267 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 75 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 3 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1960 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Using occupancy modeling to provide insights into suitable habitat characteristics for the already restricted and critically endangered Olalla's titi monkey (Plecturocebus olallae)
Knowledge about changes in wildlife populations over time is essential for making informed decisions regarding their conservation. We evaluated the influence of distinct habitat factors on the occupancy of Olalla's titi monkey ( Plecturocebus olallae ), a Critically Endangered primate endemic to Bolivia. We assessed the presence of titi monkey groups using the playback technique, employing point counts in 582 quadrants of approximately 6.25 hecta…
Feeding Ecology of the Beni Titi Monkey (Plecturocebus modestus)
Seasonal Ecological Flexibility of a Threatened Bolivian Endemic
The influence of social support on cognitive health in older women
Social support is associated prospectively with cognitive decline and dementia among the elderly; however, little is known about the impact of social support on healthy neurological aging. The current study investigates whether perceived social support has an influence on neurological health among a large sample of healthy postmenopausal women. Social support and neuropsychological outcomes were measured annually for six years through the Women's…
Differential Associations Between the Area Deprivation Index and Measures of Physical Health for Older Black Adults
The findings suggest that national- and state-level place-based characteristics should be considered along with individual-level factors, which can enrich the scientific understanding of how neighborhood characteristics relate to varying health indicators among older Black adults
Interdisciplinary Aging Research to Address Health Disparities in Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias
Alzheimer’s, Health disparities, Scientific mentorship, Underrepresented groups, Workforce training
The Role of Incarceration as a Risk Factor for Cognitive Impairment
The association between prior incarceration and cognitive impairment in middle age was largely explained by differences in educational attainment and premorbid cognitive functioning, supporting the cognitive reserve hypothesis. Greater prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia among the FI could create challenges and should be considered in reentry planning. Structural and institutional factors should be considered when addressing health di…
Detecting Risk of Neglect in NSHAP Round 3 Using New Follow-Up Questions to Activities of Daily Living Measures
Findings suggest that these new measures can be useful for identifying NSHAP respondents who are at risk of types of neglect that can be associated with having I/ADL limitations
Ongoing Refinement and Innovation in the Data Collection Protocols of the Third Round of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project
This article describes innovation in the development and implementation of R3, the recruitment of a new cohort of respondents, and fidelity to prior rounds' study design and data collection procedures
World Health Organization cardiovascular disease risk charts
BACKGROUND: To help adapt cardiovascular disease risk prediction approaches to low-income and middle-income countries, WHO has convened an effort to develop, evaluate, and illustrate revised risk models. Here, we report the derivation, validation, and illustration of the revised WHO cardiovascular disease risk prediction charts that have been adapted to the circumstances of 21 global regions. METHODS: In this model revision initiative, we derived…
Women’s Occupational Patterns and Later Life Physical Functioning
Objective: Timing and accumulation of work-related exposures may influence later life health. This study evaluates the association between women's work patterns and physical functioning. Method: Work history and physical functioning information was collected at baseline for U.S. women ages 50 to 79 years in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study ( N = 75,507). We estimated life course workforce participation patterns using latent class…
County-level housing affordability in relation to risk factors for cardiovascular disease among middle-aged adults
Terrestrial Behavior in Titi Monkeys (Callicebus, Cheracebus, and Plecturocebus)
Risk thresholds for alcohol consumption
BACKGROUND: Low-risk limits recommended for alcohol consumption vary substantially across different national guidelines. To define thresholds associated with lowest risk for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease, we studied individual-participant data from 599 912 current drinkers without previous cardiovascular disease. METHODS: We did a combined analysis of individual-participant data from three large-scale data sources in 19 high-inco…
Extending Work on Rural Health Disparities
We are writing The Journal of Rural Health to draw readers’ attention to the recent study by Matthews and colleagues that appeared in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report1 and offer suggestions to extend their work. We applaud the authors for their focus on rural health—a disparities dimension that is often overlooked—and concur with their assessment that US health surveillance data are rarely disaggregated by meaningful geographic location. Ind…
Work Characteristics Associated with Physical Functioning in Women
Women make up almost half of the labor force with older women becoming a growing segment of the population. Work characteristics influence physical functioning and women are at particular risk for physical limitations. However, little research has explored the effects of work characteristics on women's physical functioning. U.S. women between the ages of 50 and 79 were enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study between 1993 and…
Inside the nation’s largest mental health institution
There is a substantial burden of mental illness among inmates. Racial, age and gender disparities in mental health care are coupled with a general delay in diagnosis and treatment. A large part of understanding the mental health problem in this country starts at prisons
Institutional Context of Family Eldercare in Mexico and the United States
Association of Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity With Mortality
IMPORTANCE The prevalence of cardiometabolic multimorbidity is increasing. OBJECTIVE To estimate reductions in life expectancy associated with cardiometabolic multimorbidity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Age-and sex-adjusted mortality rates and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using individual participant data from the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration (689 300 participants; 91 cohorts; years of baseline surveys: 1960-2007; latest morta…
Preparación de los adultos mayores en los Estados Unidos para hacer frente a los desastres naturales
Objetivos. Nos propusimos determinar el grado de preparación frente a los desastres naturales de los adultos mayores en los Estados Unidos y evaluar los factores que pueden afectar negativamente la salud y la seguridad durante este tipo de incidentes. Métodos. Obtuvimos una muestra de adultos de 50 años en adelante (n = 1 304) de la encuesta del 2010 del Estudio de la Salud y la Jubilación (HRS por su sigla en inglés). La encuesta recogió datos s…
Preparedness for Natural Disasters Among Older US Adults
Objectives. We sought to determine natural disaster preparedness levels among older US adults and assess factors that may adversely affect health and safety during such incidents. Methods. We sampled adults aged 50 years or older (n = 1304) from the 2010 interview survey of the Health and Retirement Study. The survey gathered data on general demographic characteristics, disability status or functional limitations, and preparedness-related factors…
Wave 2 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project
Behavioral Adaptation and Late-Life Disability
Objectives. To inform public health efforts to promote independent functioning among older adults, we have provided new national estimates of late-life disability that explicitly recognize behavioral adaptations. Methods. We analyzed the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study, a study of Medicare enrollees aged 65 years and older (n = 8077). For 7 mobility and self-care activities we identified 5 hierarchical stages—fully able, successful ac…
Beyond Comorbidity
BACKGROUND: Studies of patients with multiple chronic conditions using claims data are often missing important determinants of treatments and outcomes, such as function status and disease severity. We sought to identify and evaluate a class of function-related indicators (FRIs) from administrative claims data. POPULATION: The study cohort comprised US Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older with Parts A and B fee-for-service and Part D cove…
The usefulness of the Functional Status Questionnaire and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form in Parkinson's disease research
Measures of Cognitive Functioning in the Ahead Study
Decline in cognitive functioning and onset of cognitive impairment are potentially important predictors of elderly persons needing informal assistance and formal health care. This article describes the measures of cognitive functioning that were developed for the Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD) study of some 6,500 Americans aged 70 years and older. The study was designed to investigate the impact of health on disbursement o…
Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old
This chapter provides background information for the study of Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD), a prospective panel survey of persons born in 1923 or earlier who were residing in the community at the time of the 1993 baseline. Interviews were sought with both spouses in married households, and an overall total of 8,222 were completed. We review the interdisciplinary scientific issues that motivated the study, describe the fu…
Changes in Driving Patterns and Worsening Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults
Changes in driving patterns can be deleterious for older people's depressive symptoms. Initiatives for assisting older people should focus on strategies that help them retain driving skills, that prepare them for the possible transition from driver to ex-driver, and that ensure that they have access to mental health therapies if driving changes are imminent
Seasonal Variations in Diet and Foraging Behavior of Ateles chamek in a Southern Amazonian Tropical Forest
Morbidity and disability in older persons in the years prior to death
BACKGROUND: A large proportion of the disease and disability which affects older persons occurs in the years just prior to death. Little prospective evidence is available which quantifies the burden of morbidity and disability during these years. METHODS: In three community-based cohorts of persons age 65 and older, chronic conditions and disability were evaluated for the three years prior to death in 531 persons who had three annual assessments …
The Impact of Education and Heart Attack on Smoking Cessation among Middle- Aged Adults
Linda A. Wray, A. Regula Herzog, Robert J. Willis, Robert B. Wallace, The Impact of Education and Heart Attack on Smoking Cessation among Middle- Aged Adults, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 39, No. 4 (Dec., 1998), pp. 271-294
The Risk of Nursing Home Admission in Three Communities
Beginning in 1982, the 3-year incidence of nursing home admission was determined for community-dwelling residents aged 65 and over in East Boston, Massachusetts (4%); New Haven, Connecticut (9%); and Iowa and Washington Counties, Iowa (12%). A common methodology was used to collect baseline risk factor and follow-up data on nursing home admissions among persons in each community as part of the National Institute on Aging's Established Populations…
Terrestrial Behavior in Titi Monkeys (Callicebus, Cheracebus, and Plecturocebus)
Retirement and Weight Changes Among Men and Women in the Health and Retirement Study
Public health interventions may be indicated for women, particularly those working in blue-collar occupations, in order to prevent weight gain upon retirement
The Role of Incarceration as a Risk Factor for Cognitive Impairment
The association between prior incarceration and cognitive impairment in middle age was largely explained by differences in educational attainment and premorbid cognitive functioning, supporting the cognitive reserve hypothesis. Greater prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia among the FI could create challenges and should be considered in reentry planning. Structural and institutional factors should be considered when addressing health di…
Weight and Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults
Weight gain did not lead to increased depressive symptoms, and weight loss preceded increased depressive symptoms only in unadjusted models among men (odds ratio [OR] = 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04-1.53). Increased depressive symptoms were not predictive of subsequent weight loss, but they were predictive of subsequent weight gain in unadjusted models only (men: OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.00-1.54; women: OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.00-1.26). In…
Institutional Context of Family Eldercare in Mexico and the United States
Behavioral Adaptation and Late-Life Disability
Objectives. To inform public health efforts to promote independent functioning among older adults, we have provided new national estimates of late-life disability that explicitly recognize behavioral adaptations. Methods. We analyzed the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study, a study of Medicare enrollees aged 65 years and older (n = 8077). For 7 mobility and self-care activities we identified 5 hierarchical stages—fully able, successful ac…
Patterns of natural herb use by Asian and Pacific Islanders
Considerable diversity exists within API subgroups with regard to the prevalence and demographic and health correlates of natural herb use. Herb use is more common among APIs than non-Hispanic Whites, particularly among the elderly. The disaggregation of APIs by racial/ethnic subgroups may be important for patient-health care professional interactions, and when designing studies of racial/ethnic minority populations
An Interpersonal Continuity of Care Measure for Medicare Part B Claims Analyses
Researchers can measure interpersonal continuity of care using Medicare Part B claims. Replication of these findings and further construct validation, however, are needed prior to widespread adoption of this method
Hip Fracture Risk Among Community-Dwelling Elderly People in the United States
Objectives. We determined risks of short-term (2-year) hip fracture in a nationally representative, prospective cohort of community-dwelling elderly people 70 years or older. Methods. We used self-report data from 2 waves of the Asset and Health Dynamics Survey (n = 5630). Sample-weighted logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine risk of hip fracture in relation to several demographic, cognitive, physical, and socioeconomic indicat…
Risk factors for occupational injuries among older workers
OBJECTIVES: This study examined risk factors for occupational injury among older workers. METHODS: We analyzed data on 6854 employed nonfarmers from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a population-based sample of Americans 51 through 61 years old. RESULTS: Occupational injuries were associated with the following: the occupations of mechanics and repairers (odds ratio [OR] = 2.27), service personnel (OR = 1.68), and laborers (OR = 2.18); jobs …
County-level housing affordability in relation to risk factors for cardiovascular disease among middle-aged adults
An Epidemiologic Analysis of Pain in the Elderly
This article reports a study of the prevalence and nature of pain in a population of 3,097 rural persons 65 years and older (the Iowa 65+ Rural Health Study). Of the subjects, 86% reported pain of some type in the year prior to the interview, and 59% reported multiple pain complaints. Joint pain was the most prevalent site of pain reported, followed by night leg pain, back pain, and leg pain while walking. As reported severity of pain increased, …
Factors Associated with the Aging Leisure Repertoire
This study describes factors related to the leisure repertoires of a large population of rural elderly. Age, self-perceived health, leisure attitude, life satisfaction and sex were the most influential factors with regard to the size of subjects' leisure repertoires. Though associations between education, exercise attitude and marital status and leisure repertoire were statistically significant, none accounted for even one percent of the variabil…
Differential Associations Between the Area Deprivation Index and Measures of Physical Health for Older Black Adults
The findings suggest that national- and state-level place-based characteristics should be considered along with individual-level factors, which can enrich the scientific understanding of how neighborhood characteristics relate to varying health indicators among older Black adults
Interdisciplinary Aging Research to Address Health Disparities in Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias
Alzheimer’s, Health disparities, Scientific mentorship, Underrepresented groups, Workforce training
Ongoing Refinement and Innovation in the Data Collection Protocols of the Third Round of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project
This article describes innovation in the development and implementation of R3, the recruitment of a new cohort of respondents, and fidelity to prior rounds' study design and data collection procedures
Impact of Functional Limitations and Medical Comorbidity on Subsequent Weight Changes and Increased Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults
The elevated risk of weight gain subsequent to functional decline or onset of medical comorbidities may require the receipt of preventive measures to reduce further weight-related complications
Predictors of smoking cessation and relapse in older adults
We examined longitudinal changes in smoking behavior among older adults in three community cohorts of the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly. Smoking prevalence declined from 15% at baseline to 9% during 6 years of follow-up. Annual smoking cessation and relapse rates were 10% and less than 1%, respectively. Interval diagnosis of myocardial infarction, stroke, or cancer increased subsequent smoking cessation but not …
The Poems of Edward Taylor
Comparison of two Techniques for the Assessment of Conditioned Reinforcement in the Runway
The major purpose of this study was to compare the two standard techniques for the assessment of conditioned reinforcement as developed by several schedules of primary reinforcement. These two techniques were the resistance to extinction and the new response procedures. Five experimental groups of fourteen animals each were trained in a straight alleyway under different schedules of primary reinforcement. Group I was trained under a continuous sc…
An Analysis of Learning Set Formation in the Albino Rat
(1972). An Analysis of Learning Set Formation in the Albino Rat. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 86, No. 1, pp. 141-147
La política proteccionista mexicana
En un esfuerzo por divulgar los resultados preliminares de la investigación sobre "El proteccionismo en México y su influencia en la distribución intersectorial e interregional del ingreso", se publicaron dos artículos, uno titulado "La protección nominal en México y su medición para 1970" y otro "La protección efectiva en México en 1970". Sin embargo, en vista de que estos dos artículos, además del análisis de los resultados contienen una descri…
Antibody to Escherichia coli enterotoxin in meat-packing workers
Meat-packing plant employees exposed to raw animal products had serological evidence of higher infection rates with heat-labile toxin producing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (LT-EEC). In those employees with multiple sera available for study over a ten-year period, a drop in mean anti-LT-EEC titer was observed, suggesting altered ecology of or exposure to the organism during this time. Prospective studies need to be done to determine if meat-p…
The menopausal transition
The human menstrual cycle is characterized by a series of dynamic hormonal relationships that result in the regular maturation of ovarian follicles, ovulation and corpus luteum formation. As methodology has changed and improved, it has become possible to examine these events in greater detail. The simple analysis of menstrual cycle length, when done with care in a large number of women over long time spans, has revealed much about the fundamental…
The Effect of a Group Practice on Rural Health Attitudes and Behavior
The opportunity to join a group practice has been identified as a successful inducement for physicians to locate in rural areas. Less is known of the effects of group practice on the health attitudes, behavior and status of the rural communities in which they are established. A random survey of households was conducted in 1972 in a rural Midwestern area, prior to the establishment of a community-sponsored multispecialty primary care group practic…
Factors Associated with the Aging Leisure Repertoire
This study describes factors related to the leisure repertoires of a large population of rural elderly. Age, self-perceived health, leisure attitude, life satisfaction and sex were the most influential factors with regard to the size of subjects' leisure repertoires. Though associations between education, exercise attitude and marital status and leisure repertoire were statistically significant, none accounted for even one percent of the variabil…
The Ratio of Impaired Elderly in the Community to Those in Nursing Homes in Two Rural Iowa Counties
The Iowa 65+ Rural Health Study gathered health status information on all elderly persons living in two rural Iowa counties. In this report these data are used to determine the ratio of persons with activities of daily living (ADL) dependencies living in the community to those in institutions. Results indicated that the "community/institutional dependency ratio" is about 1 to 1 for these counties, which is about half the ratio representing conven…
The Compression of Comorbidity
Epidemiologic evidence on the compression of morbidity issue suggests that despite the recent increase in longevity of older Americans, the age-specific prevalence rates for most chronic illnesses have not concomitantly declined. However, current morbidity survey methods may not be fully able to characterize the scope of illness, function, physiologic status, and homeostatic capacity of a population to the extent necessary to determine whether mo…
Morbidity and disability in older persons in the years prior to death
BACKGROUND: A large proportion of the disease and disability which affects older persons occurs in the years just prior to death. Little prospective evidence is available which quantifies the burden of morbidity and disability during these years. METHODS: In three community-based cohorts of persons age 65 and older, chronic conditions and disability were evaluated for the three years prior to death in 531 persons who had three annual assessments …
The Risk of Nursing Home Admission in Three Communities
Beginning in 1982, the 3-year incidence of nursing home admission was determined for community-dwelling residents aged 65 and over in East Boston, Massachusetts (4%); New Haven, Connecticut (9%); and Iowa and Washington Counties, Iowa (12%). A common methodology was used to collect baseline risk factor and follow-up data on nursing home admissions among persons in each community as part of the National Institute on Aging's Established Populations…
Predictors of smoking cessation and relapse in older adults
We examined longitudinal changes in smoking behavior among older adults in three community cohorts of the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly. Smoking prevalence declined from 15% at baseline to 9% during 6 years of follow-up. Annual smoking cessation and relapse rates were 10% and less than 1%, respectively. Interval diagnosis of myocardial infarction, stroke, or cancer increased subsequent smoking cessation but not …
Maintaining Mobility in Late Life. I. Demographic Characteristics and Chronic Conditions
To assess the role of demographic factors and chronic conditions in maintaining mobility in older persons, this study utilized longitudinal data collected as part of the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly between 1981 and 1987 on 6,981 men and women aged 65 years and older in East Boston, Massachusetts; Iowa and Washington counties, Iowa; and New Haven, Connecticut. Results are presented for those who at baseline rep…
Maintaining Mobility in Late Life. II. Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, Physical Activity, and Body Mass Index
While positive health behaviors have been shown to extend life, their association with extending active life has not been well investigated. In this report, several health behaviors were investigated in relation to maintaining mobility during 4 years of follow-up among 6,981 men and women aged 65 years and older with intact mobility at baseline between 1981 and 1983 who lived in one of three communities: East Boston, Massachusetts; Iowa and Washi…
A Short Physical Performance Battery Assessing Lower Extremity Function
BACKGROUND: A short battery of physical performance tests was used to assess lower extremity function in more than 5,000 persons age 71 years and older in three communities. METHODS: Balance, gait, strength, and endurance were evaluated by examining ability to stand with the feet together in the side-by-side, semi-tandem, and tandem positions, time to walk 8 feet, and time to rise from a chair and return to the seated position 5 times. RESULTS: A…
Contracting for Emergency Room Coverage by Rural Hospitals
Obtaining adequate physician availability remains a challenge to many rural communities. To ensure 24‐hour emergency room physician coverage, many rural hospitals contracted for emergency room services from out‐of‐area and/or local physician. Survey findings for 99 rural and rural referral Iowa hospitals addressing the nature, extent, and cost of contracting physician coverage of the emergency room are presented. While nearly two‐thirds of the ho…
An Epidemiologic Analysis of Pain in the Elderly
This article reports a study of the prevalence and nature of pain in a population of 3,097 rural persons 65 years and older (the Iowa 65+ Rural Health Study). Of the subjects, 86% reported pain of some type in the year prior to the interview, and 59% reported multiple pain complaints. Joint pain was the most prevalent site of pain reported, followed by night leg pain, back pain, and leg pain while walking. As reported severity of pain increased, …
Lower-Extremity Function in Persons over the Age of 70 Years as a Predictor of Subsequent Disability
BACKGROUND: Functional assessment is an important part of the evaluation of elderly persons. We conducted this study to determine whether objective measures of physical function can predict subsequent disability in older persons. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included men and women 71 years of age or older who were living in the community, who reported no disability in the activities of daily living, and who reported that they were able …
Overview of the Health Measures in the Health and Retirement Study
This report discusses the conceptual and logistical issues that lead to the items and instruments used to measure health and function status in Wave 1 of the Health and Retiremeni Study (HRS). Health status was conceptualized as multidimensional, and included selected major symptoms, diseases and conditions, global self-assessment of health, physical and cognitive functional status, the utilization of health services and selected elements of emot…
Depressive Symptomatology and Hypertension-Associated Morbidity and Mortality in Older Adults
This study determines, in a population of older adults with diagnosed hypertension, the concurrent association between depressive symptomatology and blood pressure control and the longitudinal association between depressive symptomatology and blood pressure control, stroke, and cardiovascular-related mortality. Data are from the East Boston, Massachusetts; New Haven, Connecticut; and Iowa sites of the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Stu…
Risk factors for occupational injuries among older workers
OBJECTIVES: This study examined risk factors for occupational injury among older workers. METHODS: We analyzed data on 6854 employed nonfarmers from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a population-based sample of Americans 51 through 61 years old. RESULTS: Occupational injuries were associated with the following: the occupations of mechanics and repairers (odds ratio [OR] = 2.27), service personnel (OR = 1.68), and laborers (OR = 2.18); jobs …
Measures of Cognitive Functioning in the Ahead Study
Decline in cognitive functioning and onset of cognitive impairment are potentially important predictors of elderly persons needing informal assistance and formal health care. This article describes the measures of cognitive functioning that were developed for the Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD) study of some 6,500 Americans aged 70 years and older. The study was designed to investigate the impact of health on disbursement o…
Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old
This chapter provides background information for the study of Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD), a prospective panel survey of persons born in 1923 or earlier who were residing in the community at the time of the 1993 baseline. Interviews were sought with both spouses in married households, and an overall total of 8,222 were completed. We review the interdisciplinary scientific issues that motivated the study, describe the fu…
Immobilization and health assessment of free‐ranging black spider monkeys ( Ateles paniscus chamek )
Medicine (57 works) · Gerontology (31 works) · Psychology (28 works) · Demography (22 works) · Environmental health (21 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (21 works) · Population (21 works) · Psychiatry (21 works) · Gerontology (19 works) · Internal Medicine (14 works)