Branda Nowell
Biographic Data
| ID | 4384843 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Branda Nowell |
| GIVEN NAMES | Branda |
| FAMILY NAME | Nowell |
| SIGNATURE | NOWELL B |
| AFFILIATIONS | North Carolina State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9028-311X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 31 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 471 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 31 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2005 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Changing wildfire complexity highlights the need for institutional adaptation
The weakness of weak ties
The theoretical literature on social capital and disasters, as well as conventional wisdom, suggests the importance of pre-disaster relationship building among leaders of responding organizations and agencies for disaster readiness and response. Often implied, but rarely tested empirically, research presumes a positive and linear relationship associated with investments in social capital for effective disaster response. Any amount of relationship…
A population ecology of network domains
Purpose-oriented networks (PONs) are a crucial and prevalent forum for addressing complex public issues. Using a longitudinal bipartite dataset of 74 PONs nested in three different geographic areas, we test a series of hypotheses, based in population ecology theories, concerning the impact of domain-level dynamics on network-level outcomes. Findings offer substantial support for, and insight into, the relevance of population-level dynamics in exp…
Mapping Wildfire Jurisdictional Complexity Reveals Opportunities for Regional Co-Management
Pathways of Representation in Network Governance
Governance systems reconcile diverse interests to enable collective decision-making and action. Questions related to representation in the governance of networks are addressed in the literature; underexplored is the empirical variation in governance arrangements and pathways of representation. Complex, multi-jurisdictional disasters provide a robust theoretical and empirical context in which to investigate network governance pathways due to the t…
Sense of community, sense of community responsibility, organizational commitment and identification, and public service motivation
The present study has two aims. First, we examine sense of community, sense of community responsibility, organizational commitment and identification, and PSM in predicting measures of employee engagement and well-being. Second, we examine if PSM acts as a direct or indirect predictor of the employee measures. The findings highlight that community experiences are powerful predictors and that the role of PSM is more indirect than direct. The study…
Psychometric properties of the Italian version of the sense of community responsibility scale
The central aim of the present research was to examine the psychometric properties of adapted versions of the sense of community (SOC) responsibility scale in three Italian samples. We examined the psychometric properties of three modified versions of the sense of community responsibility (SOC‐R) scale. Consistent with the original scale, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that the scale was unidimensional and exhibited exc…
Purpose-Oriented Networks
Public Management in an Era of the Unprecedented
In an era when unprecedented events are occurring with increasing frequency, public management theory is challenged to consider whether it is possible to better prepare agencies to respond to situations previously neither expected, nor even seriously imagined. In this paper, we consider the case of the 2016 Chimney Tops 2 wildfire that contributed to the destruction of neighborhoods in and around Gatlinburg, TN. We argue this case illuminates a c…
Networks of Networks? Toward an External Perspective on Whole Networks
In light of the burgeoning literature in whole, goal-directed networks for managing wicked problems in public management, it is timely to examine the theoretical evolution that has both shaped and constrained our understanding of these networks. In this article, we argue that contemporary study of whole networks has been dominated by an internal theoretical lens aimed at understanding how internal characteristics influence network functioning and…
A Reviewer’s Guide to Qualitative Rigor
Institutions are useful for advancing methodologies within disciplines. Through required coursework, doctoral students are indoctrinated into basic guidelines and frameworks that provide a common foundation for scholars to interact with one another. Lacking such forums in many of our doctoral granting institutions (Stout 2013), the field of public management continues to struggle with an ambivalence toward qualitative approaches. Lack of shared u…
Studying Networks in Complex Problem Domains
The application of network perspectives and methods to study complex problem and policy domains has proliferated in the public management literature. Network metrics are highly sensitive to boundary decisions as findings are a direct reflection of who and what was considered to be part of the network. The more complex the problem domain, the messier the network and the more challenging it is for researchers to determine network boundaries. Lauman…
The Structure of Effective Governance of Disaster Response Networks
There is significant debate about the appropriate governance structure in a disaster response. Complex disasters exhibit both networked and hierarchical characteristics. One challenge in the field of disaster management is how to structure a response that reconciles the need for centralized coordination among varied responders while retaining flexibility to mutually adjust operations to quickly changing conditions. A key question with both practi…
Sense of Community, Sense of Community Responsibility, and Public Service Motivation as Predictors of Employee Well-Being and Engagement in Public Service Organizations
Public management scholars have suggested that employee motivation can be accentuated by organizational cultures and contexts. One of the most researched topics in this regard is the concept of public service motivation (PSM). Research shows that PSM works to direct applicants toward public service careers and, once hired, can be linked to motivated activity within public-sector organizations. Similarly, like PSM, a sense of community (SOC) and a…
Testing a Theory of Sense of Community and Community Responsibility in Organizations
This study attempts to advance our understanding of the experience of community in organizational settings by empirically testing a theory of sense of community responsibility (SOC‐R) in relation to traditional measures of sense of community [SOC] on outcomes of employee well‐being and organizational citizenship. Findings support the notion that SOC is a better predictor of employee well‐being, while SOC‐R more strongly predicts organizational ci…
Patterns of preference and practice
The roles of bridging actors in emergency response networks can be important to disaster response outcomes. This paper is based on an evaluation of wildfire preparedness and response networks in 21 large‐scale wildfire events in the wildland—urban interface near national forests in the American Northwest. The study investigated how key individuals in responder networks anticipated seeking out specific people in perceived bridging roles prior to t…
Public Service Motivation and Sense of Community Responsibility
Leadership has been recognized as one of the most critical elements to successful community collaboration. However, to date, we have limited knowledge of what drives people to embrace voluntary leadership roles. In this study, we investigate the intersection and relative contributions of two “other-regarding” motivational constructs in predicting peer nominations of leadership in community collaboratives: public service motivation (PSM) and psych…
A Framework for Assessing the Performance of Nonprofit Organizations
Performance measurement has gained increased importance in the nonprofit sector, and contemporary literature is populated with numerous performance measurement frameworks. In this article, we seek to accomplish two goals. First, we review contemporary models of nonprofit performance measurement to develop an integrated framework in order to identify directions for advancing the study of performance measurement. Our analysis of this literature ill…
Understanding Information Exchange During Disaster Response
We leverage economic theory, network theory, and social network analytical techniques to bring greater conceptual and methodological rigor to understand how information is exchanged during disasters. We ask, “How can information relationships be evaluated more systematically during a disaster response?” “Infocentric analysis”—a term and approach we develop here—can (a) define an information market and information needs, (b) identify suppliers of …
Sense of Community Responsibility in Community Collaboratives
This paper contributes to the growing body of scholarship aimed at advancing our understanding of the experience of community by empirically investigating sense of community responsibility (SOC‐R) in relation to traditional measures of sense of community (SOC) and indices of satisfaction, engagement, and leadership in interorganizational collaborative settings. Findings support the proposition that, although both are related to the experience of …
Communication under Fire
Communication networks among responders are critical to effective coordination and information transfer across agencies active in a disaster response. Using the theory of embeddedness, we investigate how aspects of relational and institutional embeddedness influence the emergence and efficacy of interactions among responding agencies using network data from three significant wildfire events in the wildland/urban interface. For this study, relatio…
Examining Multi‐Sector Community Collaboratives as Vehicles for Building Organizational Capacity
While community collaboratives have emerged as a prominent vehicle for fostering a more coordinated community response to complex issues, research to date suggests that the success of these efforts at achieving community/population-level improvements is mixed. As a result, researchers and practitioners are increasing their focus on the intermediate outcomes accomplished by these entities. The purpose of this study is to expand upon this examinati…
Sense of community as construct and theory
In this article, we respond to criticisms posed by McMillan ( 2011 ) of our recent paper, “Viewing Community as Responsibility as well as a Resource: Deconstructing the Theoretical Roots of Psychological Sense of Community.” We clarify that the focus of our article was to explore the macro theoretical frameworks and second‐order assumptions that have guided the measurement and study of the psychological sense of community (PSOC) construct to date…
Forum
Viewing community as responsibility as well as resource
The field of scholarship surrounding the construct of psychological sense of community (PSOC) has been dominated by first‐order learning processes attending to issues of measurement and prediction of the four‐dimensional framework proposed by McMillan and Chavis (1976). This article seeks to contribute to the conceptual development of PSOC by clarifying the second‐order assumptions of PSOC as it is represented in prevailing conception and measure…
A Reviewer’s Guide to Qualitative Rigor
Institutions are useful for advancing methodologies within disciplines. Through required coursework, doctoral students are indoctrinated into basic guidelines and frameworks that provide a common foundation for scholars to interact with one another. Lacking such forums in many of our doctoral granting institutions (Stout 2013), the field of public management continues to struggle with an ambivalence toward qualitative approaches. Lack of shared u…
Putting the system back into systems change
Systems change has emerged as a dominant frame through which local, state, and national funders and practitioners across a wide array of fields approach their work. In most of these efforts, change agents and scholars strive to shift human services and community systems to create better and more just outcomes and improve the status quo. Despite this, there is a dearth of frameworks that scholars, practitioners, and funders can draw upon to aid th…
Using Methods That Matter
In recent years, the field of community psychology has given considerable attention to how research and evaluation methods should be designed to support our goals of empowerment and social justice. Yet, as a field, we have given much less attention to whether the use of our methods actually achieves or supports our empowerment agenda. With the primary purpose of beginning to establish the norm of reporting on the impacts of our methods, this pape…
Viewing community as responsibility as well as resource
The field of scholarship surrounding the construct of psychological sense of community (PSOC) has been dominated by first‐order learning processes attending to issues of measurement and prediction of the four‐dimensional framework proposed by McMillan and Chavis (1976). This article seeks to contribute to the conceptual development of PSOC by clarifying the second‐order assumptions of PSOC as it is represented in prevailing conception and measure…
Sense of Community Responsibility in Community Collaboratives
This paper contributes to the growing body of scholarship aimed at advancing our understanding of the experience of community by empirically investigating sense of community responsibility (SOC‐R) in relation to traditional measures of sense of community (SOC) and indices of satisfaction, engagement, and leadership in interorganizational collaborative settings. Findings support the proposition that, although both are related to the experience of …
The Structure of Effective Governance of Disaster Response Networks
There is significant debate about the appropriate governance structure in a disaster response. Complex disasters exhibit both networked and hierarchical characteristics. One challenge in the field of disaster management is how to structure a response that reconciles the need for centralized coordination among varied responders while retaining flexibility to mutually adjust operations to quickly changing conditions. A key question with both practi…
Public Service Motivation and Sense of Community Responsibility
Leadership has been recognized as one of the most critical elements to successful community collaboration. However, to date, we have limited knowledge of what drives people to embrace voluntary leadership roles. In this study, we investigate the intersection and relative contributions of two “other-regarding” motivational constructs in predicting peer nominations of leadership in community collaboratives: public service motivation (PSM) and psych…
Profiling Capacity for Coordination and Systems Change
In response to increasing demands for greater coordination and collaboration among community institutions, interorganizational collaboratives (i.e., coalitions, partnerships, coordinating councils) have emerged as a popular mechanism for strengthening the capacity of a community system to respond to public and social issues. This study adopts a network approach to explore the relative importance of dense networks of cooperative relationships amon…
Sense of Community, Sense of Community Responsibility, and Public Service Motivation as Predictors of Employee Well-Being and Engagement in Public Service Organizations
Public management scholars have suggested that employee motivation can be accentuated by organizational cultures and contexts. One of the most researched topics in this regard is the concept of public service motivation (PSM). Research shows that PSM works to direct applicants toward public service careers and, once hired, can be linked to motivated activity within public-sector organizations. Similarly, like PSM, a sense of community (SOC) and a…
Revealing the Cues Within Community Places
Place‐based approaches to community change have become increasingly popular strategies for addressing significant social problems. With their intentional focus on ‘place,’ most efforts have sought to gain greater understanding into how neighborhood contexts affect people. However, while both aggregate characteristics and social dynamics of neighborhoods have been subject to scrutiny in the literature, less attention has been paid to understanding…
Out of Sync and Unaware? Exploring the Effects of Problem Frame Alignment and Discordance in Community Collaboratives
In an effort to deal with complex community issues in a more comprehensive and cohesive manner, communities have increasingly created locally based interorganizational entities, referred to here as community collaboratives. Community collaboratives are comprised of representatives from multiple organizations and public agencies who meet regularly for the purpose of identifying and implementing strategies for improving their community's response t…
Testing a Theory of Sense of Community and Community Responsibility in Organizations
This study attempts to advance our understanding of the experience of community in organizational settings by empirically testing a theory of sense of community responsibility (SOC‐R) in relation to traditional measures of sense of community [SOC] on outcomes of employee well‐being and organizational citizenship. Findings support the notion that SOC is a better predictor of employee well‐being, while SOC‐R more strongly predicts organizational ci…
Communication under Fire
Communication networks among responders are critical to effective coordination and information transfer across agencies active in a disaster response. Using the theory of embeddedness, we investigate how aspects of relational and institutional embeddedness influence the emergence and efficacy of interactions among responding agencies using network data from three significant wildfire events in the wildland/urban interface. For this study, relatio…
Examining Multi‐Sector Community Collaboratives as Vehicles for Building Organizational Capacity
While community collaboratives have emerged as a prominent vehicle for fostering a more coordinated community response to complex issues, research to date suggests that the success of these efforts at achieving community/population-level improvements is mixed. As a result, researchers and practitioners are increasing their focus on the intermediate outcomes accomplished by these entities. The purpose of this study is to expand upon this examinati…
Pathways of Representation in Network Governance
Governance systems reconcile diverse interests to enable collective decision-making and action. Questions related to representation in the governance of networks are addressed in the literature; underexplored is the empirical variation in governance arrangements and pathways of representation. Complex, multi-jurisdictional disasters provide a robust theoretical and empirical context in which to investigate network governance pathways due to the t…
Patterns of preference and practice
The roles of bridging actors in emergency response networks can be important to disaster response outcomes. This paper is based on an evaluation of wildfire preparedness and response networks in 21 large‐scale wildfire events in the wildland—urban interface near national forests in the American Northwest. The study investigated how key individuals in responder networks anticipated seeking out specific people in perceived bridging roles prior to t…
A Framework for Assessing the Performance of Nonprofit Organizations
Performance measurement has gained increased importance in the nonprofit sector, and contemporary literature is populated with numerous performance measurement frameworks. In this article, we seek to accomplish two goals. First, we review contemporary models of nonprofit performance measurement to develop an integrated framework in order to identify directions for advancing the study of performance measurement. Our analysis of this literature ill…
Sense of community as construct and theory
In this article, we respond to criticisms posed by McMillan ( 2011 ) of our recent paper, “Viewing Community as Responsibility as well as a Resource: Deconstructing the Theoretical Roots of Psychological Sense of Community.” We clarify that the focus of our article was to explore the macro theoretical frameworks and second‐order assumptions that have guided the measurement and study of the psychological sense of community (PSOC) construct to date…
Psychometric properties of the Italian version of the sense of community responsibility scale
The central aim of the present research was to examine the psychometric properties of adapted versions of the sense of community (SOC) responsibility scale in three Italian samples. We examined the psychometric properties of three modified versions of the sense of community responsibility (SOC‐R) scale. Consistent with the original scale, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that the scale was unidimensional and exhibited exc…
Understanding Information Exchange During Disaster Response
We leverage economic theory, network theory, and social network analytical techniques to bring greater conceptual and methodological rigor to understand how information is exchanged during disasters. We ask, “How can information relationships be evaluated more systematically during a disaster response?” “Infocentric analysis”—a term and approach we develop here—can (a) define an information market and information needs, (b) identify suppliers of …
Mobilizing Residents for Action
Yes we can! is a community‐building initiative funded by the W. K. Kellogg Foundation that aims to improve educational and economic outcomes in Battle Creek, Michigan by mobilizing low‐income communities and resident leaders and building their capacity to influence the decisions and policies that impact their lives. This paper describes the strategies pursued during the first phase of this initiative to foster resident mobilization by building sm…
Mapping Wildfire Jurisdictional Complexity Reveals Opportunities for Regional Co-Management
Forum
Using Methods That Matter
In recent years, the field of community psychology has given considerable attention to how research and evaluation methods should be designed to support our goals of empowerment and social justice. Yet, as a field, we have given much less attention to whether the use of our methods actually achieves or supports our empowerment agenda. With the primary purpose of beginning to establish the norm of reporting on the impacts of our methods, this pape…
Revealing the Cues Within Community Places
Place‐based approaches to community change have become increasingly popular strategies for addressing significant social problems. With their intentional focus on ‘place,’ most efforts have sought to gain greater understanding into how neighborhood contexts affect people. However, while both aggregate characteristics and social dynamics of neighborhoods have been subject to scrutiny in the literature, less attention has been paid to understanding…
Mobilizing Residents for Action
Yes we can! is a community‐building initiative funded by the W. K. Kellogg Foundation that aims to improve educational and economic outcomes in Battle Creek, Michigan by mobilizing low‐income communities and resident leaders and building their capacity to influence the decisions and policies that impact their lives. This paper describes the strategies pursued during the first phase of this initiative to foster resident mobilization by building sm…
Putting the system back into systems change
Systems change has emerged as a dominant frame through which local, state, and national funders and practitioners across a wide array of fields approach their work. In most of these efforts, change agents and scholars strive to shift human services and community systems to create better and more just outcomes and improve the status quo. Despite this, there is a dearth of frameworks that scholars, practitioners, and funders can draw upon to aid th…
Profiling Capacity for Coordination and Systems Change
In response to increasing demands for greater coordination and collaboration among community institutions, interorganizational collaboratives (i.e., coalitions, partnerships, coordinating councils) have emerged as a popular mechanism for strengthening the capacity of a community system to respond to public and social issues. This study adopts a network approach to explore the relative importance of dense networks of cooperative relationships amon…
Forum
Viewing community as responsibility as well as resource
The field of scholarship surrounding the construct of psychological sense of community (PSOC) has been dominated by first‐order learning processes attending to issues of measurement and prediction of the four‐dimensional framework proposed by McMillan and Chavis (1976). This article seeks to contribute to the conceptual development of PSOC by clarifying the second‐order assumptions of PSOC as it is represented in prevailing conception and measure…
Out of Sync and Unaware? Exploring the Effects of Problem Frame Alignment and Discordance in Community Collaboratives
In an effort to deal with complex community issues in a more comprehensive and cohesive manner, communities have increasingly created locally based interorganizational entities, referred to here as community collaboratives. Community collaboratives are comprised of representatives from multiple organizations and public agencies who meet regularly for the purpose of identifying and implementing strategies for improving their community's response t…
Examining Multi‐Sector Community Collaboratives as Vehicles for Building Organizational Capacity
While community collaboratives have emerged as a prominent vehicle for fostering a more coordinated community response to complex issues, research to date suggests that the success of these efforts at achieving community/population-level improvements is mixed. As a result, researchers and practitioners are increasing their focus on the intermediate outcomes accomplished by these entities. The purpose of this study is to expand upon this examinati…
Sense of community as construct and theory
In this article, we respond to criticisms posed by McMillan ( 2011 ) of our recent paper, “Viewing Community as Responsibility as well as a Resource: Deconstructing the Theoretical Roots of Psychological Sense of Community.” We clarify that the focus of our article was to explore the macro theoretical frameworks and second‐order assumptions that have guided the measurement and study of the psychological sense of community (PSOC) construct to date…
A Framework for Assessing the Performance of Nonprofit Organizations
Performance measurement has gained increased importance in the nonprofit sector, and contemporary literature is populated with numerous performance measurement frameworks. In this article, we seek to accomplish two goals. First, we review contemporary models of nonprofit performance measurement to develop an integrated framework in order to identify directions for advancing the study of performance measurement. Our analysis of this literature ill…
Understanding Information Exchange During Disaster Response
We leverage economic theory, network theory, and social network analytical techniques to bring greater conceptual and methodological rigor to understand how information is exchanged during disasters. We ask, “How can information relationships be evaluated more systematically during a disaster response?” “Infocentric analysis”—a term and approach we develop here—can (a) define an information market and information needs, (b) identify suppliers of …
Sense of Community Responsibility in Community Collaboratives
This paper contributes to the growing body of scholarship aimed at advancing our understanding of the experience of community by empirically investigating sense of community responsibility (SOC‐R) in relation to traditional measures of sense of community (SOC) and indices of satisfaction, engagement, and leadership in interorganizational collaborative settings. Findings support the proposition that, although both are related to the experience of …
Communication under Fire
Communication networks among responders are critical to effective coordination and information transfer across agencies active in a disaster response. Using the theory of embeddedness, we investigate how aspects of relational and institutional embeddedness influence the emergence and efficacy of interactions among responding agencies using network data from three significant wildfire events in the wildland/urban interface. For this study, relatio…
Patterns of preference and practice
The roles of bridging actors in emergency response networks can be important to disaster response outcomes. This paper is based on an evaluation of wildfire preparedness and response networks in 21 large‐scale wildfire events in the wildland—urban interface near national forests in the American Northwest. The study investigated how key individuals in responder networks anticipated seeking out specific people in perceived bridging roles prior to t…
Public Service Motivation and Sense of Community Responsibility
Leadership has been recognized as one of the most critical elements to successful community collaboration. However, to date, we have limited knowledge of what drives people to embrace voluntary leadership roles. In this study, we investigate the intersection and relative contributions of two “other-regarding” motivational constructs in predicting peer nominations of leadership in community collaboratives: public service motivation (PSM) and psych…
The Structure of Effective Governance of Disaster Response Networks
There is significant debate about the appropriate governance structure in a disaster response. Complex disasters exhibit both networked and hierarchical characteristics. One challenge in the field of disaster management is how to structure a response that reconciles the need for centralized coordination among varied responders while retaining flexibility to mutually adjust operations to quickly changing conditions. A key question with both practi…
Sense of Community, Sense of Community Responsibility, and Public Service Motivation as Predictors of Employee Well-Being and Engagement in Public Service Organizations
Public management scholars have suggested that employee motivation can be accentuated by organizational cultures and contexts. One of the most researched topics in this regard is the concept of public service motivation (PSM). Research shows that PSM works to direct applicants toward public service careers and, once hired, can be linked to motivated activity within public-sector organizations. Similarly, like PSM, a sense of community (SOC) and a…
Testing a Theory of Sense of Community and Community Responsibility in Organizations
This study attempts to advance our understanding of the experience of community in organizational settings by empirically testing a theory of sense of community responsibility (SOC‐R) in relation to traditional measures of sense of community [SOC] on outcomes of employee well‐being and organizational citizenship. Findings support the notion that SOC is a better predictor of employee well‐being, while SOC‐R more strongly predicts organizational ci…
Studying Networks in Complex Problem Domains
The application of network perspectives and methods to study complex problem and policy domains has proliferated in the public management literature. Network metrics are highly sensitive to boundary decisions as findings are a direct reflection of who and what was considered to be part of the network. The more complex the problem domain, the messier the network and the more challenging it is for researchers to determine network boundaries. Lauman…
Purpose-Oriented Networks
Public Management in an Era of the Unprecedented
In an era when unprecedented events are occurring with increasing frequency, public management theory is challenged to consider whether it is possible to better prepare agencies to respond to situations previously neither expected, nor even seriously imagined. In this paper, we consider the case of the 2016 Chimney Tops 2 wildfire that contributed to the destruction of neighborhoods in and around Gatlinburg, TN. We argue this case illuminates a c…
Networks of Networks? Toward an External Perspective on Whole Networks
In light of the burgeoning literature in whole, goal-directed networks for managing wicked problems in public management, it is timely to examine the theoretical evolution that has both shaped and constrained our understanding of these networks. In this article, we argue that contemporary study of whole networks has been dominated by an internal theoretical lens aimed at understanding how internal characteristics influence network functioning and…
A Reviewer’s Guide to Qualitative Rigor
Institutions are useful for advancing methodologies within disciplines. Through required coursework, doctoral students are indoctrinated into basic guidelines and frameworks that provide a common foundation for scholars to interact with one another. Lacking such forums in many of our doctoral granting institutions (Stout 2013), the field of public management continues to struggle with an ambivalence toward qualitative approaches. Lack of shared u…
Sense of community, sense of community responsibility, organizational commitment and identification, and public service motivation
The present study has two aims. First, we examine sense of community, sense of community responsibility, organizational commitment and identification, and PSM in predicting measures of employee engagement and well-being. Second, we examine if PSM acts as a direct or indirect predictor of the employee measures. The findings highlight that community experiences are powerful predictors and that the role of PSM is more indirect than direct. The study…
Political science (25 works) · Computer Science (20 works) · Sociology (18 works) · Community Health and Development (17 works) · Psychology (16 works) · Business (14 works) · Public relations (14 works) · Public Policy and Administration Research (10 works) · Disaster Management and Resilience (9 works) · Economics (9 works)