I Permanyer
Biographic Data
| ID | 45306 |
|---|---|
| NAME | I Permanyer |
| GIVEN NAMES | I |
| FAMILY NAME | Permanyer |
| SIGNATURE | PERMANYER I |
| AFFILIATIONS | Centre for Demographic Studies |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7051-5144 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 34 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 344 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 34 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2008 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Neighbor change and social connectedness for older adults in Barcelona
This study examines the interaction between aging and urban change to identify urban areas where older adults may experience low social connectedness, based on the principles of propinquity and homophily in the formation of social ties. We develop an indicator that operationalizes previous findings on the impact of urban change on older adults' social connectedness, a predictor of health and well-being. Using comprehensive administrative from the…
Cause-of-Death Determinants of Lifespan Inequality
We propose a novel decomposition approach that breaks down the levels and trends of lifespan inequality as the sum of cause-of-death contributions. The suggested method shows whether the levels and changes in lifespan inequality are attributable to the levels and changes in (1) the extent of inequality in the cause-specific age-at-death distribution (the “Inequality” component), (2) the total share of deaths attributable to each cause (the “Propo…
Educational Disparities in Preventable Deaths
Objective Determine how preventable causes of death contribute to the life expectancy gap between Mexico and Spain. Methods We used a linear integral decomposition to analyze the impact of preventable mortality on life expectancy between ages 30-75 (temporary life expectancy) between Mexico and Spain in 2018. Additionally, we computed cause-deleted life tables to estimate potential gains in temporary life expectancy. Analyses were stratified by e…
Age and cause-of-death contributions to educational inequalities in life expectancy and lifespan variation in a low-mortality country
Whereas behavioural causes are more important in explaining educational inequalities in mortality among men, ageing-related causes of death seem more important among women. Attempts at narrowing socioeconomic gaps in mortality may benefit from applying gender-specific preventive policy measures
Levels, trends, and determinants of cause-of-death diversity in a global perspective
As mortality declines, there is no universal pathway toward low CoD diversity, thus casting doubts on the ability of Epidemiological Transition Theory to predict prospective CoD dynamics among high- and middle-mortality countries. Despite the postponement and increasing predictability of the ages at which individuals die, low-mortality populations are composed of an increasingly heterogenous mix of robust and frail individuals, thus increasing th…
Cause-of-Death Diversity From a Multiple-Cause Perspective in the United States
Cause-of-death diversity captures the variability of deaths across causes and is an important marker of heterogeneity in a population's health. We contribute to the debate of cause-of-death diversity dynamics by following a novel multiple causes of death (MCOD) approach and applying it to the U.S. context between 2003 and 2018 and across education groups. Results show that cause-of-death diversity increased over this period, especially up to 2012…
Contributions of age groups and causes of death to the sex gap in lifespan variation in Europe
Much less is known about the sex gap in lifespan variation, which reflects inequalities in the length of life, than about the sex gap in life expectancy (average length of life). We examined the contributions of age groups and causes of death to the sex gap in lifespan variation for 28 European countries, grouped into five European regions. In 2010-15, males in Europe displayed a 6.8-year-lower life expectancy and a 2.3-year-higher standard devia…
Dynamics of the coefficient of variation of the age at death distribution
BACKGROUND Indicators of lifespan inequality, such as the life table entropy or variance of age at death, provide a measure of inequality in the timing of death. A range of indicators of relative and absolute inequality exist, and their evolution over time and sensitivity to changes in age-specific mortality have been studied. However, the coefficient of variation, a relative indicator defined as the standard deviation divided by the mean of the …
The Race between Mortality and Morbidity
Assessments of countries' longevity and its variability around the globe often rely on life expectancy (LE) but tend not to differentiate between the years spent in "good" or "less-than-good" health. We explore how the evolution of the healthy and unhealthy components of LE has shaped the composition of LE within countries, and the extent of LE inequality between countries. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study, we document the joint…
Regional inequalities in life expectancy and lifespan variation by educational attainment in Spain, 2014–2018
Two important sources of inequality in mortality are regional variation and individuals' socioeconomic status. While many studies have investigated the effect that each of these two factors might have had on mortality levels separately, they have rarely been studied simultaneously. Using linked data from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics, we study regional levels of life expectancy and lifespan inequality by sex and educational attainm…
Racing ahead or lagging behind? Territorial cohesion in human development around the globe
This paper investigates whether global improvements in human development involve subnational regions in a territorially cohesive way. We use a subnational human development index (SHDI) for 1778 regions within 163 countries over three decades, and propose measures for relative over- and under-performance. We find that frequently observed reductions of within-country inequality are not necessarily accompanied by reductions in under- and over-perfo…
Divergent trends in lifespan variation during mortality crises
Lifespan variation has been attracting attention as a measure of population health and mortality. Several studies have highlighted its strong inverse relationship with life expectancy during periods of steady mortality decline, but this association weakens
Global Trends in Education Inequality
We document trends in global education inequality and its between and within-country components using absolute, intermediate and relative inequality measures. Existing studies have relied on converting categorical variables into continuous ones to estimate levels of inequality. Such procedures might not capture recent expansions in the duration of educational programmes. We therefore compiled a database of 1164 datasets with information on years …
Inequality in Human Development across the Globe
The Human Development Index is the world's most famous indicator of the level of development of societies. A disadvantage of this index is however that only national values are available, whereas within many countries huge subnational variation in development exists. We therefore have developed the Subnational Human Development Index (SHDI), which shows within-country variation in human development across the globe. Covering more than 1,600 regio…
The Subnational Human Development Database
In this paper we describe the Subnational Human Development Database. This database contains for the period 1990–2017 for 1625 regions within 161 countries the national and subnational values of the Subnational Human Development Index (SHDI), for the three dimension indices on the basis of which the SHDI is constructed – education, health and standard of living --, and for the four indicators needed to create the dimension indices -- expected yea…
Geografía de la unión libre en América Latina y el Caribe a comienzos del siglo XXI
La unión libre ha formado parte de los sistemas nupciales de América Latina desde tiempos coloniales aunque su práctica ha estado históricamente más extendida en unas regiones que en otras. La mayoría de trabajos que aportan datos sobre las características de este tipo de unión en América Latina lo hacen a escala nacional y son pocos los que han abordado esta cuestión a una escala más detallada. Este estudio moviliza más de 550 millones de regist…
Educational Assortative Mating as a Determinant of Changing Household Income Inequality
Despite the intuitive notion that educational homogamy matters for the distribution of economic resources across households, existing research finds that changes in educational homogamy have had little impact on inequality between households. In this article, we document whether this conclusion generalizes to 21 countries and aim to understand the reasons why. We use data from the Luxembourg Income Studies to simulate the impact of both observed …
Decomposing patterns of college marital sorting in 118 countries
Longevity and Lifespan Variation by Educational Attainment in Spain
For a long time, studies of socioeconomic gradients in health have limited their attention to between-group comparisons. Yet, ignoring the differences that might exist within groups and focusing on group-specific life expectancy levels and trends alone, one might arrive at overly simplistic conclusions. Using data from the Spanish Encuesta Sociodemográfica and recently released mortality files by the Spanish Statistical Office (INE), this is the …
First Order Dominance Techniques and Multidimensional Poverty Indices
The End of Hypergamy
The gender gap in education that has long favored men has reversed for young adults in almost all high and middle-income countries. In 2010, the proportion of women aged 25-29 with a college education was higher than that of men in more than 139 countries which altogether represent 86% of the world's population. According to recent population forecasts, women will have more education than men in nearly every country in the world by 2050, with the…
Why call it ‘equality’ when it should be ‘achievement’? A proposal to un-correct the ‘corrected gender gaps’ in the EU Gender Equality Index
This study critically reviews the new Gender Equality Index (GEI) proposed by the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) in 2013, arguing that the way in which it has been defined can be misleading for its potential users. The GEI is defined to ensure that good scores in the index are reflective of both low gender gaps and high levels of overall achievement. The study finds that the GEI values are largely driven by differences in overall a…
Assessing individuals' deprivation in a multidimensional framework
Towards a Geography of Unmarried Cohabitation in the Americas
BACKGROUND: In the context of increasing cohabitation and growing demand for understanding the driving forces behind the cohabitation boom, most analyses have been carried out at a national level, not accounting for regional heterogeneity within countries. OBJECTIVE: This paper presents the geography of unmarried cohabitation in the Americas. We offer a large-scale, cross-national perspective together with small-area estimates of cohabitation. We…
A Critical Assessment of the UNDP’s Gender Inequality Index
This study critically reviews the Gender Inequality Index (GII), the new gender-related index proposed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in the 2010 Human Development Report, arguing that its particular construction limits its usefulness and appropriateness as a global gender inequality index. In particular, the functional form of the index is excessively and unnecessarily confusing. Moreover, the inclusion of indicators that com…
The End of Hypergamy
The gender gap in education that has long favored men has reversed for young adults in almost all high and middle-income countries. In 2010, the proportion of women aged 25-29 with a college education was higher than that of men in more than 139 countries which altogether represent 86% of the world's population. According to recent population forecasts, women will have more education than men in nearly every country in the world by 2050, with the…
The Gender-Gap Reversal in Education and Its Effect on Union Formation
Newly released census microdata reveal the nearly worldwide and substantial decline in educational hypergamy (women marrying men with higher educational attainment) across 56 countries from the 1970s to the 2000s. We examine the extent to which the observed decrease in hypergamy is connected to the worldwide rise in female educational attainment. Our results show that educational hypergamy is an enduring form of gender inequality in union formati…
The Measurement of Multidimensional Gender Inequality
A Critical Assessment of the UNDP’s Gender Inequality Index
This study critically reviews the Gender Inequality Index (GII), the new gender-related index proposed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in the 2010 Human Development Report, arguing that its particular construction limits its usefulness and appropriateness as a global gender inequality index. In particular, the functional form of the index is excessively and unnecessarily confusing. Moreover, the inclusion of indicators that com…
Longevity and Lifespan Variation by Educational Attainment in Spain
For a long time, studies of socioeconomic gradients in health have limited their attention to between-group comparisons. Yet, ignoring the differences that might exist within groups and focusing on group-specific life expectancy levels and trends alone, one might arrive at overly simplistic conclusions. Using data from the Spanish Encuesta Sociodemográfica and recently released mortality files by the Spanish Statistical Office (INE), this is the …
Using Census Data to Explore the Spatial Distribution of Human Development
Are UNDP Indices Appropriate to Capture Gender Inequalities in Europe
First Order Dominance Techniques and Multidimensional Poverty Indices
Regional inequalities in life expectancy and lifespan variation by educational attainment in Spain, 2014–2018
Two important sources of inequality in mortality are regional variation and individuals' socioeconomic status. While many studies have investigated the effect that each of these two factors might have had on mortality levels separately, they have rarely been studied simultaneously. Using linked data from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics, we study regional levels of life expectancy and lifespan inequality by sex and educational attainm…
Divergent trends in lifespan variation during mortality crises
Lifespan variation has been attracting attention as a measure of population health and mortality. Several studies have highlighted its strong inverse relationship with life expectancy during periods of steady mortality decline, but this association weakens
Assessing individuals' deprivation in a multidimensional framework
Towards a Geography of Unmarried Cohabitation in the Americas
BACKGROUND: In the context of increasing cohabitation and growing demand for understanding the driving forces behind the cohabitation boom, most analyses have been carried out at a national level, not accounting for regional heterogeneity within countries. OBJECTIVE: This paper presents the geography of unmarried cohabitation in the Americas. We offer a large-scale, cross-national perspective together with small-area estimates of cohabitation. We…
Decomposing patterns of college marital sorting in 118 countries
Why call it ‘equality’ when it should be ‘achievement’? A proposal to un-correct the ‘corrected gender gaps’ in the EU Gender Equality Index
This study critically reviews the new Gender Equality Index (GEI) proposed by the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) in 2013, arguing that the way in which it has been defined can be misleading for its potential users. The GEI is defined to ensure that good scores in the index are reflective of both low gender gaps and high levels of overall achievement. The study finds that the GEI values are largely driven by differences in overall a…
Contributions of age groups and causes of death to the sex gap in lifespan variation in Europe
Much less is known about the sex gap in lifespan variation, which reflects inequalities in the length of life, than about the sex gap in life expectancy (average length of life). We examined the contributions of age groups and causes of death to the sex gap in lifespan variation for 28 European countries, grouped into five European regions. In 2010-15, males in Europe displayed a 6.8-year-lower life expectancy and a 2.3-year-higher standard devia…
Inequality in Human Development across the Globe
The Human Development Index is the world's most famous indicator of the level of development of societies. A disadvantage of this index is however that only national values are available, whereas within many countries huge subnational variation in development exists. We therefore have developed the Subnational Human Development Index (SHDI), which shows within-country variation in human development across the globe. Covering more than 1,600 regio…
Educational Assortative Mating as a Determinant of Changing Household Income Inequality
Despite the intuitive notion that educational homogamy matters for the distribution of economic resources across households, existing research finds that changes in educational homogamy have had little impact on inequality between households. In this article, we document whether this conclusion generalizes to 21 countries and aim to understand the reasons why. We use data from the Luxembourg Income Studies to simulate the impact of both observed …
The Measurement of Socio-economic Gender Inequality Revisited
The measurement of socio-economic gender inequality has not received much attention from the development literature despite its great relevance and important policy implications. In this article we present two new indices to measure gender inequalities that overcome some of the limitations inherent in the UNDP gender-related indices and other indices presented in the literature. The proposed new indices are conducive to exploring the extent to wh…
Cause-of-Death Diversity From a Multiple-Cause Perspective in the United States
Cause-of-death diversity captures the variability of deaths across causes and is an important marker of heterogeneity in a population's health. We contribute to the debate of cause-of-death diversity dynamics by following a novel multiple causes of death (MCOD) approach and applying it to the U.S. context between 2003 and 2018 and across education groups. Results show that cause-of-death diversity increased over this period, especially up to 2012…
Dynamics of the coefficient of variation of the age at death distribution
BACKGROUND Indicators of lifespan inequality, such as the life table entropy or variance of age at death, provide a measure of inequality in the timing of death. A range of indicators of relative and absolute inequality exist, and their evolution over time and sensitivity to changes in age-specific mortality have been studied. However, the coefficient of variation, a relative indicator defined as the standard deviation divided by the mean of the …
The Impact of Educational Homogamy on Isolated Illiteracy Levels
In this article, we explore the impacts that education expansion and increased levels in educational homogamy have had on couples’ isolated illiteracy rates, defined as the proportion of illiterates in union that are married to an illiterate partner. First, we develop the methodology to decompose isolated illiteracy rates into two main components: one related to level of homogamy among illiterates, and the other related to the educational distrib…
The Race between Mortality and Morbidity
Assessments of countries' longevity and its variability around the globe often rely on life expectancy (LE) but tend not to differentiate between the years spent in "good" or "less-than-good" health. We explore how the evolution of the healthy and unhealthy components of LE has shaped the composition of LE within countries, and the extent of LE inequality between countries. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study, we document the joint…
Racing ahead or lagging behind? Territorial cohesion in human development around the globe
This paper investigates whether global improvements in human development involve subnational regions in a territorially cohesive way. We use a subnational human development index (SHDI) for 1778 regions within 163 countries over three decades, and propose measures for relative over- and under-performance. We find that frequently observed reductions of within-country inequality are not necessarily accompanied by reductions in under- and over-perfo…
The conceptualization and measurement of social polarization
On the Measurement of Gender Equality and Gender‐related Development Levels
The aim of this paper is, first, to present an overall development index corrected for gender differences — the ‘Multidimensional Gender‐related Development Index’ (MGDI) — which can be viewed as an alternative to the Gender‐related Development Index. Secondly, to present a ‘Multidimensional Gender Equality Index’ (MGEI) that is not influenced by overall development levels. The new MGDI and MGEI are intended to overcome some of the shortcomings t…
The conceptualization and measurement of social polarization
The Measurement of Socio-economic Gender Inequality Revisited
The measurement of socio-economic gender inequality has not received much attention from the development literature despite its great relevance and important policy implications. In this article we present two new indices to measure gender inequalities that overcome some of the limitations inherent in the UNDP gender-related indices and other indices presented in the literature. The proposed new indices are conducive to exploring the extent to wh…
The Measurement of Multidimensional Gender Inequality
Are UNDP Indices Appropriate to Capture Gender Inequalities in Europe
The measurement of success in achieving the Millennium Development Goals
The Gender-Gap Reversal in Education and Its Effect on Union Formation
Newly released census microdata reveal the nearly worldwide and substantial decline in educational hypergamy (women marrying men with higher educational attainment) across 56 countries from the 1970s to the 2000s. We examine the extent to which the observed decrease in hypergamy is connected to the worldwide rise in female educational attainment. Our results show that educational hypergamy is an enduring form of gender inequality in union formati…
A Critical Assessment of the UNDP’s Gender Inequality Index
This study critically reviews the Gender Inequality Index (GII), the new gender-related index proposed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in the 2010 Human Development Report, arguing that its particular construction limits its usefulness and appropriateness as a global gender inequality index. In particular, the functional form of the index is excessively and unnecessarily confusing. Moreover, the inclusion of indicators that com…
Using Census Data to Explore the Spatial Distribution of Human Development
The Impact of Educational Homogamy on Isolated Illiteracy Levels
In this article, we explore the impacts that education expansion and increased levels in educational homogamy have had on couples’ isolated illiteracy rates, defined as the proportion of illiterates in union that are married to an illiterate partner. First, we develop the methodology to decompose isolated illiteracy rates into two main components: one related to level of homogamy among illiterates, and the other related to the educational distrib…
Assessing individuals' deprivation in a multidimensional framework
Towards a Geography of Unmarried Cohabitation in the Americas
BACKGROUND: In the context of increasing cohabitation and growing demand for understanding the driving forces behind the cohabitation boom, most analyses have been carried out at a national level, not accounting for regional heterogeneity within countries. OBJECTIVE: This paper presents the geography of unmarried cohabitation in the Americas. We offer a large-scale, cross-national perspective together with small-area estimates of cohabitation. We…
Why call it ‘equality’ when it should be ‘achievement’? A proposal to un-correct the ‘corrected gender gaps’ in the EU Gender Equality Index
This study critically reviews the new Gender Equality Index (GEI) proposed by the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) in 2013, arguing that the way in which it has been defined can be misleading for its potential users. The GEI is defined to ensure that good scores in the index are reflective of both low gender gaps and high levels of overall achievement. The study finds that the GEI values are largely driven by differences in overall a…
The End of Hypergamy
The gender gap in education that has long favored men has reversed for young adults in almost all high and middle-income countries. In 2010, the proportion of women aged 25-29 with a college education was higher than that of men in more than 139 countries which altogether represent 86% of the world's population. According to recent population forecasts, women will have more education than men in nearly every country in the world by 2050, with the…
First Order Dominance Techniques and Multidimensional Poverty Indices
Longevity and Lifespan Variation by Educational Attainment in Spain
For a long time, studies of socioeconomic gradients in health have limited their attention to between-group comparisons. Yet, ignoring the differences that might exist within groups and focusing on group-specific life expectancy levels and trends alone, one might arrive at overly simplistic conclusions. Using data from the Spanish Encuesta Sociodemográfica and recently released mortality files by the Spanish Statistical Office (INE), this is the …
The Subnational Human Development Database
In this paper we describe the Subnational Human Development Database. This database contains for the period 1990–2017 for 1625 regions within 161 countries the national and subnational values of the Subnational Human Development Index (SHDI), for the three dimension indices on the basis of which the SHDI is constructed – education, health and standard of living --, and for the four indicators needed to create the dimension indices -- expected yea…
Geografía de la unión libre en América Latina y el Caribe a comienzos del siglo XXI
La unión libre ha formado parte de los sistemas nupciales de América Latina desde tiempos coloniales aunque su práctica ha estado históricamente más extendida en unas regiones que en otras. La mayoría de trabajos que aportan datos sobre las características de este tipo de unión en América Latina lo hacen a escala nacional y son pocos los que han abordado esta cuestión a una escala más detallada. Este estudio moviliza más de 550 millones de regist…
Educational Assortative Mating as a Determinant of Changing Household Income Inequality
Despite the intuitive notion that educational homogamy matters for the distribution of economic resources across households, existing research finds that changes in educational homogamy have had little impact on inequality between households. In this article, we document whether this conclusion generalizes to 21 countries and aim to understand the reasons why. We use data from the Luxembourg Income Studies to simulate the impact of both observed …
Decomposing patterns of college marital sorting in 118 countries
Inequality in Human Development across the Globe
The Human Development Index is the world's most famous indicator of the level of development of societies. A disadvantage of this index is however that only national values are available, whereas within many countries huge subnational variation in development exists. We therefore have developed the Subnational Human Development Index (SHDI), which shows within-country variation in human development across the globe. Covering more than 1,600 regio…
Global Trends in Education Inequality
We document trends in global education inequality and its between and within-country components using absolute, intermediate and relative inequality measures. Existing studies have relied on converting categorical variables into continuous ones to estimate levels of inequality. Such procedures might not capture recent expansions in the duration of educational programmes. We therefore compiled a database of 1164 datasets with information on years …
Regional inequalities in life expectancy and lifespan variation by educational attainment in Spain, 2014–2018
Two important sources of inequality in mortality are regional variation and individuals' socioeconomic status. While many studies have investigated the effect that each of these two factors might have had on mortality levels separately, they have rarely been studied simultaneously. Using linked data from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics, we study regional levels of life expectancy and lifespan inequality by sex and educational attainm…
Racing ahead or lagging behind? Territorial cohesion in human development around the globe
This paper investigates whether global improvements in human development involve subnational regions in a territorially cohesive way. We use a subnational human development index (SHDI) for 1778 regions within 163 countries over three decades, and propose measures for relative over- and under-performance. We find that frequently observed reductions of within-country inequality are not necessarily accompanied by reductions in under- and over-perfo…
Divergent trends in lifespan variation during mortality crises
Lifespan variation has been attracting attention as a measure of population health and mortality. Several studies have highlighted its strong inverse relationship with life expectancy during periods of steady mortality decline, but this association weakens
Economics (24 works) · Sociology (23 works) · Demography (17 works) · Economic growth (16 works) · Inequality (16 works) · Geography (15 works) · Demographic economics (14 works) · Mathematics (14 works) · Population (13 works) · Income, Poverty, and Inequality (12 works)