G Standen
Biographic Data
| ID | 45913 |
|---|---|
| NAME | G Standen |
| GIVEN NAMES | G |
| FAMILY NAME | Standen |
| SIGNATURE | STANDEN G |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Tarapacá |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7510-5160 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 84 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 326 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 84 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1985 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
A case of enlarged parietal foramina or foramina parietalia permagna in an individual from the Chinchorro Culture of northern Chile (4000 BP)
OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to analyze and differentially diagnose the presence of two large holes noted in the parietal bones of an individual and the presence of traumatic lesions. MATERIALS: A partially mummified young adult female associated with the Chinchorro culture, 4000 BP, from the coast of the Atacama Desert (northern Chile). METHODS: The bone lesions were evaluated macroscopically and radiologically. In addition, Sr isotopic…
The potential hazards of smoking pots
Evidencia arqueométrica del uso del manganeso en artefactos asociados a la cultura Chinchorro
Se presentan los resultados de fluorescencia de rayos-X realizados a 12 artefactos provenientes de contextos funerarios Chinchorro, Arica, norte de Chile, focalizándose la discusión en el manganeso (Mn). La muestra con mayor concentración de Mn fue analizada con espectrometría Raman, para avanzar en la identificación estructural del cromóforo negro correspondiente. Todos los artefactos dieron positivo para la presencia de Mn con un rango de 1,11%…
The role of dietary calcium in the etiology of childhood rickets in the past and the present
For more than two centuries, lack of sunlight has been understood to cause vitamin D deficiency and documented as a primary cause of rickets. As such, evidence of rickets in the archeological record has been used as a proxy for vitamin D status in past individuals and populations. In the last decade, a clinical global consensus has emerged wherein it is recognized that dietary calcium deficiency also plays a role in the manifestation of rickets a…
Reply to Mays and Brickley, 2023 “Dietary calcium versus vitamin D in rickets
To move or not to move? Manganese oxide procurement during the Archaic period in the Atacama Desert
This paper investigates the possible sources of manganese (Mn) acquisition for the Chinchorro population of Arica, in northern Chile. To accomplish this, we analyse Mn distribution using digital geological map data and SEM/EDX and XRD analysis to chemically characterize twenty-five samples. Of these, eighteen were taken from geological sediments and seven from black pigments related to the Chinchorro mummification tradition (ca. 6950–2950 BP) fro…
An archaeometric approach to biocontamination with manganese pigments in ancient marine hunter-gatherers of the Atacama Desert
The use of poisonous pigments for mortuary preparation in ancient hunter-gatherers allows us to investigate the relationship between this practice with socio-economic organization, mortuary ideology, and potential impacts on human health from overexposure to these dangerous compounds. About 6000 years ago, the Chinchorro people, maritime hunter-gatherers in the Atacama Desert, northern Chile, began mining manganese to ornament the dead, represent…
Bioarchaeology of Arsenic, an Invisible Natural Pollutant, and Its Effect on the Mitimaes of Camarones Cove, Arica, during Inca Times
During the expansion of Tawantinsuyo, the Inca Empire sustained its hegemony by using multiple strategies, including moving specialized groups called mitimaes to their conquered territories. This study examines bioarchaeological evidence from the Camarones 9 (CAM-9) Inca period cemetery at the mouth of the Camarones Valley in northern Chile. The waters in this valley contain concentrations of arsenic that are 100 times above the norm (10 μg/L) fo…
Chinchorro fibre management in the Atacama Desert and its significance for understanding Andean textilization processes
Tributos, Piojos Y Dioses
En este trabajo se estudia la prevalencia de pediculosis en el sitio incaico Camarones 9 del extremo norte de Chile, con el propósito de contrastar lo descrito en las crónicas y lo observado en el registro bioarqueológico. La pediculosis es una ectoparasitosis frecuente, pero las respuestas culturales y su control varían de acuerdo a las poblaciones afectadas. Para profundizar en este tema se estudiaron 25 individuos que conservaron abundante cab…
Sobreingesta de boro durante la época precolombina en las poblaciones de Arica
In some valleys in northern Chile, the natural water reservoirs used for human consumption contain high levels of boron (> 25 mg/L). In local Pre-Colombian populations, this resulted in overexposure which is harmful to human health, causing gastrointestinal and other issues. Boron levels vary regionally, with the Lluta and Camarones Valleys presenting higher mean values (14 and 25 mg/L, respectively) than the Azapa Valley (1 mg/L). To estimate co…
A La Admirable María Victoria Castro Rojas, in Memoriam
Soto Rodrgez 2022).Este vaco se ha seguido manifestando en distintas arenas acadmicas y familiares, como por ejemplo en la ceremonia inaugural del XI Congreso Internacional de Etnohistoria, el 8 de noviembre 2022, en el Aula Magna de la USACH, Santiago, congreso que estaba originalmente dedicado a ella y que se transform en un homenaje pstumo.En l Jorge Hidalgo destac los principales hitos acadmicos y personales de Vicky, mientras que Mauricio Ur…
Bulk and amino acid isotope analyses of hair detail adult diets and infant feeding practices among pre- and post-maize populations of the northern Chilean coast of the Atacama Desert
This study investigates diet heterogeneity among Chinchorro and Inca adults and subadults living on the northern Chilean coast of the Atacama Desert before and after the introduction of maize cultivation. This is achieved by amino acid carbon isotope analysis and bulk carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur isotope analysis of 1-cm sequential segments of scalp hair from human remains deposited at the funerary sites of Morro 1 and 1–6 (Archaic Period) and C…
El temprano arte de la tradición de tejer esteras en fibra vegetal en la sociedad Chinchorro (10.000-3500 aP)
Se presentan los resultados de los análisis técnicos de manufactura en fibra vegetal de esteras o mantas funerarias, ampliamente usadas entre los cazadores, pescadores y recolectores de la tradición cultural Chinchorro, que habitaron la costa del norte de Chile y sur de Perú entre los 10.000 y 3500 aP. Se analizaron 153 fragmentos de esteras de 12 sitios funerarios de Arica y Camarones. Se describen y grafican los atributos de las dos técnicas id…
Five thousand years of bellyaches
OBJECTIVES: This study explores whether ancient Atacama Desert populations in northern Chile were exposed to endemic boron contamination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), we studied 144 strands of ancient mummy hair, ranging from 3000 B.C. to 1500 A.D., excavated from the Lluta, Azapa, and Camarones valleys in northern Chile. We tested whether these ancient populations showed si…
Violence among the first horticulturists in the atacama desert (1000 BCE - 600 CE)
Recordando a nuestra querida Vicki Cassman desde el Valle de Azapa
Violence in hunters, fishermen, and gatherers of the Chinchorro culture
OBJECTIVES: This article addresses evidence of violence imbedded in both soft and hard tissues from early populations of hunters, fishermen, and gatherers, known as the Chinchorro culture, who lived between 10,000 and 4,000 cal yr BP, along the coast of the Atacama Desert, one of the driest environments on Earth. Our study is aimed to test two hypotheses (a) that interactions and violent behaviors increased through time as population density and …
A prehistoric case of developmental defects of the spine in a young adult female from the Atacama Desert
We report the case of a female individual from an archaeological site from the Late Intermediate Period (ca. 1000–1400 AD) of the Azapa Valley in the far north of Chile. The spine presents several pathologies, including a triple hemivertebrae involving T7, T8, and T10 and the fusion of axis‐C3. We consider that these bone anomalies could be related to Klippel–Feil syndrome
Estudio del cálculo dental en poblaciones arqueológicas del extremo norte de Chile
Dental calculus and dental pathologies of 40 adults from 4 archaeological sites from the coastand valley of northern Chile were studied: MO 1/6, PLM-4, AZ-8 and CAM-9, analyzing 10individuals per site. In all of the dental calculus analyzed, phytolith and starches were found,except on the Late Archaic MO 1/6 site, which although did not present starch did presentphytoliths. These results are consistent with the macroscopical observation, where in…
Museos Andinos
Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo
Let's talk about stress, baby! Infant‐feeding practices and stress in the ancient Atacama desert, Northern Chile
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The transition to an agricultural economy is often presumed to involve an increase in female fertility related to changes in weaning practice. In particular, the availability of staple crops as complementary foods is hypothesized to allow earlier weaning in agricultural populations. In this study, our primary aim is to explore whether this model fits the agricultural transition in the Atacama Desert using incremental isotopic…
Prehistoric polydactylism
Living in poisoning environments
This article describes the hidden natural chemical contaminants present in a unique desert environment and their health consequences on ancient populations. Currently, millions of people are affected worldwide by toxic elements such as arsenic. Using data gathered from Atacama Desert mummies, we discuss long‐term exposure and biocultural adaptation to toxic elements. The rivers that bring life to the Atacama Desert are paradoxically laden with ar…
Macroscopic features of scurvy in human skeletal remains
The past two decades have seen a proliferation in bioarchaeological literature on the identification of scurvy, a disease caused by chronic vitamin C deficiency, in ancient human remains. This condition is one of the few nutritional deficiencies that can result in diagnostic osseous lesions. Scurvy is associated with low dietary diversity and its identification in human skeletal remains can provide important contextual information on subsistence …
Temprana Complejidad Funeraria de la Cultura Chinchorro (Norte de Chile)
Se describen y analizan los patrones funerarios del sitio chinchorro Morro 1, localizado en la costa norte de Chile. Se excavaron 134 inhumaciones. Se identificaron los tres patrones funerarios conocidos para esta cultura: (a) cuerpos con momificación artificial, que corresponden a entierros secundarios y múltiples, (b) cuerpos cubiertos con arena, y (c) cuerpos sin tratamiento de ningún tipo. Estos dos últimos patrones constituyeron enterramient…
Differential Mortuary Treatment among the Andean Chinchorro Fishers
Macroscopic features of scurvy in human skeletal remains
The past two decades have seen a proliferation in bioarchaeological literature on the identification of scurvy, a disease caused by chronic vitamin C deficiency, in ancient human remains. This condition is one of the few nutritional deficiencies that can result in diagnostic osseous lesions. Scurvy is associated with low dietary diversity and its identification in human skeletal remains can provide important contextual information on subsistence …
Exploring chronic arsenic poisoning in pre-Columbian Chilean mummies
Patrón funerario arcaico temprano del sitio Acha-3 y su relación con Chinchorro
Se describe un contexto funerario correspondiente a una población costera del período Arcaico Temprano, cuyos rasgos se presentan como evidencia para proponer que la tradición Chinchorro sería de origen y desarrollo local. Los indicadores provienen del sitio Acha-3, vinculado a una tradición de adaptación marítima (9,000-8,000 a.P.). Estas evidencias validaría las siguientes propuestas: (a) define un patrón funerario, tecnológico y económico con …
Paleodiet in northern Chile through the Holocene
Hunting, Gathering, and Fishing on the Coast of the Atacama Desert
We discuss how the Chinchorro population of hunter‐gatherers and fishermen organized their mobility patterns between the rich marine ecosystems of the Pacific coast and the extreme hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert through the application of strontium isotopes ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr). We analyzed tooth enamel samples of 35 individuals from the coast ( n = 28), inland oasis ( n = 6), and the Andean highlands ( n = 1). The Sr isotopic composition of mod…
Archaic Funerary Pattern or Postdepositional Alteration? The Patapatane Burial in the Highlands of South Central Andes
The burial found at Patapatane Cave in the highlands of Arica, northern Chile, yielded an incomplete skeleton of a 20-to-23-year-old female, dating to the end of the Middle Archaic period at 5910 ± 90 B.P. The site is located in a semiarid environment on the eastern side of Sierra de Huaylillas at 3800 m. in the hinterland of Arica, northern Chile. We argue that the missing bones, position of the cranium, and breakage of some elements resulted fr…
Microevolution in prehistoric Andean populations
Archeological evidence suggests that the iconographic and technological developments that took place in the highlands around Lake Titicaca in the Central Andean region had an influence on the cultural elaborations of the human groups in the valleys and the Pacific coast of northern Chile. In a previous communication, we were able to show, by means of a distance analysis, that a craniofacial differentiation accompanied the process of cultural evol…
Estudio De Almidones en Queros De Madera Del Norte De Chile Relacionados Con El Consumo De Chicha Durante El Horizonte Inca
Se presentan los resultados de los anlisis realizados a micro-restos botnicos (granos de almidn) extrados de las paredes internas y fondo de 17 queros de madera del extremo norte de Chile. Estos queros representan cinco tipos diferentes de vasijas y estn relacionados con el consumo de chicha durante el perodo Intermedio Tardo y Horizonte Inca. Los granos de almidn fueron separados por gravimetra y observados con montaje directo. Quince de estos q…
La Práctica Funeraria En El Sitio Maestranza Chinchorro Y El Poblamiento Costero Durante El Arcaico Medio En El Extremo Norte De Chile
We discuss Chinchorro mortuary practices during the Middle Archaic (7000-5000 B.P.) as demonstrated by 12 funerary contexts excavated at the site of Maestranza Chinchorro, northern Chile. First we describe each of the funerary contexts. Then we discuss the variability of mortuary practices, the configuration of multiple burials, the mortuary treatment of human fetuses, lifestyle, and paleopathology. We conclude that mortuary practices are heterog…
Revisita Al Tercer Caso De Verticalidad De John Murra en Las Costas De Los Andes Centrales Y Centro Sur
A partir de la confrontacion de datos arqueologicos, etnohistoricos y bioantropologicos de los periodos Intermedio Tardio y Tardio (ca. 1.000-1.530 d.C), se evaluo si las poblaciones del valle de Lluta se organizaron economicamente bajo el Tercer Caso de Verticalidad de John Murra. Para ello centramos la atencion en el sector chaupiyunga, etnocategoria geografica de alta valorizacion en el sistema vertical de pisos ecologicos entre la costa y el …
Instrumental neutron activation analysis of Inka and local pottery from northern Chile's Atacama Desert
Violence in hunters, fishermen, and gatherers of the Chinchorro culture
OBJECTIVES: This article addresses evidence of violence imbedded in both soft and hard tissues from early populations of hunters, fishermen, and gatherers, known as the Chinchorro culture, who lived between 10,000 and 4,000 cal yr BP, along the coast of the Atacama Desert, one of the driest environments on Earth. Our study is aimed to test two hypotheses (a) that interactions and violent behaviors increased through time as population density and …
Tooth Wear Related to Marine Foraging, Agro-Pastoralism and the Formative Transition on the Northern Chilean Coast
Occlusal surface wear scores were examined in a sample of 200 Formative period (1500 bc-ad 500) skeletons from the lower Azapa Valley in northwest Chile. Wear rate and plane (angle) were additionally evaluated using a subsample of paired first and second mandibular molars. The Formative period represents the transition from marine foraging to agro-pastoral dependence in the region, and differences in oral pathology indicate that diet varied by si…
Violence among the first horticulturists in the atacama desert (1000 BCE - 600 CE)
Investigating cranial morphological variation of early human skeletal remains from Chile
OBJECTIVES: Archaeological and genetic research has demonstrated that the Pacific Coast was a key route in the early colonization of South America. Research examining South American skeletons >8000 cal BP has revealed differences in cranial morphology between early and late Holocene populations, which may reflect distinct migration events and/or populations. However, genetic, cultural, and some skeletal data contradict this model. Given these dis…
Perimortem trauma in the Atacama Desert and social violence during the late Formative period (2500-1700 years BP)
This paper describes a case of a mass grave containing three naturally mummified adults with multiple traumas to the skeletal and soft tissues, buried in an isolated and informal grave in one of the valleys that traverses the Atacama Desert, north of Chile. These traumas do not appear to be indicative of post-depositional alterations. Instead, we hypothesise that the observed marks correspond to lethal perimortem trauma, the result of acts of ext…
Chagas' disease in pre‐Columbian South America
The quest for the origin and dispersion of Chagas' disease, the second most important vector‐borne disease in Latin America, has epidemiological, immunological, and genetical implications. Conjectures based on accounts of chroniclers, reviews of the archaeological literature and the present distribution of triatomine bugs, the vectors of the disease, held that the origin of the adaptation of Triatoma infestans (aspecies of the subfamily Triatomin…
Evidencia arqueométrica del uso del manganeso en artefactos asociados a la cultura Chinchorro
Se presentan los resultados de fluorescencia de rayos-X realizados a 12 artefactos provenientes de contextos funerarios Chinchorro, Arica, norte de Chile, focalizándose la discusión en el manganeso (Mn). La muestra con mayor concentración de Mn fue analizada con espectrometría Raman, para avanzar en la identificación estructural del cromóforo negro correspondiente. Todos los artefactos dieron positivo para la presencia de Mn con un rango de 1,11%…
A multifaceted approach towards interpreting early life experience and infant feeding practices in the ancient Atacama Desert, Northern Chile
Interpreting early life experience in the past is of considerable interest to archaeologists, yet remains fraught with difficulty. Children are sensitive barometers of population health in general. In addition, infant feeding practices, and stresses experienced during infancy and childhood, have important effects on adult health and demographic changes. Understanding how diet and physiological stress interact is therefore of significance, but mos…
An archaeometric approach to biocontamination with manganese pigments in ancient marine hunter-gatherers of the Atacama Desert
The use of poisonous pigments for mortuary preparation in ancient hunter-gatherers allows us to investigate the relationship between this practice with socio-economic organization, mortuary ideology, and potential impacts on human health from overexposure to these dangerous compounds. About 6000 years ago, the Chinchorro people, maritime hunter-gatherers in the Atacama Desert, northern Chile, began mining manganese to ornament the dead, represent…
Bioarchaeology of Arsenic, an Invisible Natural Pollutant, and Its Effect on the Mitimaes of Camarones Cove, Arica, during Inca Times
During the expansion of Tawantinsuyo, the Inca Empire sustained its hegemony by using multiple strategies, including moving specialized groups called mitimaes to their conquered territories. This study examines bioarchaeological evidence from the Camarones 9 (CAM-9) Inca period cemetery at the mouth of the Camarones Valley in northern Chile. The waters in this valley contain concentrations of arsenic that are 100 times above the norm (10 μg/L) fo…
El temprano arte de la tradición de tejer esteras en fibra vegetal en la sociedad Chinchorro (10.000-3500 aP)
Se presentan los resultados de los análisis técnicos de manufactura en fibra vegetal de esteras o mantas funerarias, ampliamente usadas entre los cazadores, pescadores y recolectores de la tradición cultural Chinchorro, que habitaron la costa del norte de Chile y sur de Perú entre los 10.000 y 3500 aP. Se analizaron 153 fragmentos de esteras de 12 sitios funerarios de Arica y Camarones. Se describen y grafican los atributos de las dos técnicas id…
Five thousand years of bellyaches
OBJECTIVES: This study explores whether ancient Atacama Desert populations in northern Chile were exposed to endemic boron contamination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), we studied 144 strands of ancient mummy hair, ranging from 3000 B.C. to 1500 A.D., excavated from the Lluta, Azapa, and Camarones valleys in northern Chile. We tested whether these ancient populations showed si…
Chagas' disease in pre‐Columbian South America
The quest for the origin and dispersion of Chagas' disease, the second most important vector‐borne disease in Latin America, has epidemiological, immunological, and genetical implications. Conjectures based on accounts of chroniclers, reviews of the archaeological literature and the present distribution of triatomine bugs, the vectors of the disease, held that the origin of the adaptation of Triatoma infestans (aspecies of the subfamily Triatomin…
External auditory exostosis in prehistoric Chilean populations
Over one thousand prehistoric crania (n = 1,149) from northern Chile were analyzed to determine if the presence of external auditory exostosis (EAE) was a type of subsistence-induced pathology, a consequence of habitual fishing in the cold water of the Pacific Ocean, rather than genetically determined. To test this occupational hypothesis, the sample was divided according to chronology, type of economy, site elevation, and sex. The crania came fr…
Temprana Complejidad Funeraria de la Cultura Chinchorro (Norte de Chile)
Se describen y analizan los patrones funerarios del sitio chinchorro Morro 1, localizado en la costa norte de Chile. Se excavaron 134 inhumaciones. Se identificaron los tres patrones funerarios conocidos para esta cultura: (a) cuerpos con momificación artificial, que corresponden a entierros secundarios y múltiples, (b) cuerpos cubiertos con arena, y (c) cuerpos sin tratamiento de ningún tipo. Estos dos últimos patrones constituyeron enterramient…
Reflections surrounding the identification of the virus HTLV- 1 in DNA samples from prehispanic populations from northern Chile
Una secuencia cronológica, cultural y bioantropológica de cuerpos momificados y restos esqueletarios de los valles occidentales de Anca y del territorio circumpuneño de San Pedro de Atacama se presenta en términos de comprender el proceso adaptativo e intracultural a nivel regional, y sus relaciones con los territorios fronterizos. En este contexto, la evidencia de Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type (HTLV-1) recurrente entre la población japonesa a…
Trauma in the preceramic coastal populations of northern Chile
One hundred and forty-four Chinchorro skeletons, stored at the Museo Arqueol¿ogico San Miguel de Azapa in Arica, Chile, were examined to test the following alternative hypotheses concerning skeletal trauma: either observed trauma was a consequence of interpersonal violence, or was the result of work-related accidents. Trauma found in subadults was rare, with 1.8% (1/55) contrasted with 30% (27/89) in the adult population. The location of most adu…
Estudio De Una Prenda Textil Asociada Al Inca en La Costa Norte De Chile (Camarones 9)
Se presenta el estudio de una pieza textil que integra el ajuar funerario de pescadores incaicos que habitaron la desembocadura del valle de Camarones en la costa norte de Chile (Camarones 9). Las mantas que envolvían y sellaban los cuerpos, son poco conocidas en la textilería preincaica y tardía de la zona. Su presencia en los cuerpos, y sus variaciones según los individuos, hace de éstas un material privilegiado para el estudio comparativo, tan…
La Treponematosis (Yaws) en Las Poblaciones Prehispánicas Del Desierto De Atacama (Norte De Chile)
We presents the potential cases of Trepanomatosis found in a study of the prehispanic populations of the Atacama desert in northern Chile. Chronologically, t
Patrón Funerario Arcaico O Alteración Postdeposicional
Excavaciones practicadas en la cueva Patapatane en la Sierra de Arica, en el área Centro Sur Andina, expusieron un enterratorio datado en 5.910±90 años antes del presente, correspondiente al Período Arcaico Tardío (ca. 6.000-3,500 A.P.). El individuo, una mujer de aproximadamente 20-23 años, presenta evidencias de alteración perimortem antes de la inhumación; ¿Puede ser esto consecuencia de la acción cultural o los efectos de acciones postocupaci…
The Peopling of the Arica Coast During the Preceramic
In this paper Chinchorro mobility and ecology will be presented. The research was accomplished as a multidisciplinary effort using surveys of the upper and lower coasts of Arica, excavations of two shell middens, and radiocarbon dating of 21 samples from mummies and middens. The following observations can be drawn from our ongoing study: 1) the peopling of the coast moved along the smooth paths from the upper coastal cordillera rather than the lo…
El Proceso Microevolutivo De La Población Nativa Antigua De Arica
Se estudia la afinidad biológica entre grupos prehistóricos de la costa y del valle de Azapa (Norte de Chile). La muestra está constituida por 245 cráneos pertenecientes a diferentes períodos (Arcaico Tardío, Intermedio Temprano, Medio, Intermedio Tardío y Tardío) del desarrollo de la población. Empleando caracteres continuos y aplicando diferentes técnicas de análisis multivariado (distancias biológicas, análisis discriminante canónico y técnica…
Bienes Funerarios Del Cementerio Chinchorro Morro 1
En este trabajo se describen los contextos funerarios asociados a 134 individuos del cementerio chinchorro Morro 1 (5.400-3.700 a.p.), localizado en el extremo norte de Chile. Se identificaron 301 bienes funerarios, los cuales muestran una clara tendencia a ser depositados con mayor frecuencia entre los individuos con momificacin natural (n = 184/2,3 especmenes por individuo) y los tratados con ptina de arena (n = 39/2,1 especmenes por individuo)…
Análisis De Adnmt De Restos Esqueletales Del Sitio Arqueológico De Tiwanaku Y Su Relación Con El Origen De Sus Constructores
Las hiptesis sobre el origen de las poblaciones que construyeron Tiwanaku basadas en informacin lingstica y etnohistrica son contrastadas haciendo uso de ADN mitocondrial antiguo, aislado de restos esqueletales. Se analizaron 18 muestras de las cuales 13 rindieron amplificados para los marcadores amerindios. La distribucin de haplogrupos (A: 8%, B: 15%, C: 23%, D: 23% y otros 31%) relaciona genticamente a la poblacin estudiada con grupos amaznico…
Patrón funerario arcaico temprano del sitio Acha-3 y su relación con Chinchorro
Se describe un contexto funerario correspondiente a una población costera del período Arcaico Temprano, cuyos rasgos se presentan como evidencia para proponer que la tradición Chinchorro sería de origen y desarrollo local. Los indicadores provienen del sitio Acha-3, vinculado a una tradición de adaptación marítima (9,000-8,000 a.P.). Estas evidencias validaría las siguientes propuestas: (a) define un patrón funerario, tecnológico y económico con …
Continuidad Y Cambio en Las Comunidades Locales, Períodos Intermedio Tardío Y Tardío, Valles Occidentales Del Área Centro Sur Andina
Este artículo revisa los datos disponibles de la arqueología regional con el objeto de reconstruir, tentativamente, los sistemas de organización política y económica, los patrones de asentamientos, las redes de interacción y los modos de vida de las comunidades que habitaron los parajes de la costa, valles y sierra de Arica. Estos enclaves corresponden a un sector de la subárea Valles Occidentales, siguiendo el modelo de Lumbreras (1981 , ver tam…
Síntesis Y Propuestas Para El Período Arcaico en La Costa Del Extremo Norte De Chile
Se realiza una revisión de los estilos de vida, estrategias de subsistencia y patrones mortuorios de los grupos humanos que habitaron el actual territorio del extremo norte de Chile, entre los 9.000 a 3.500 años a.p. Se propone: (a) ampliar el concepto "chinchorro" para designar no sólo a una práctica mortuoria en particular, sino a un estilo de vida que incluyó rasgos económicos, tecnológicos, mortuorios e ideológicos, que evolucionaron a través…
People of the Coastal Atacama Desert
This chapter contains section titled: Introduction The Ecological Setting of the Atacama Desert The Peopling of the Region and Possible Migratory Routes The First Coastal Squatters (11,000-10,000 bp) Gifted Holocene Hunter-Gatherers (10,000-4,000 bp) Social and Ideological Complexity in the Atacama Desert Coast Conclusion References
Microevolution in prehistoric Andean populations
Archeological evidence suggests that the iconographic and technological developments that took place in the highlands around Lake Titicaca in the Central Andean region had an influence on the cultural elaborations of the human groups in the valleys and the Pacific coast of northern Chile. In a previous communication, we were able to show, by means of a distance analysis, that a craniofacial differentiation accompanied the process of cultural evol…
Archaic Funerary Pattern or Postdepositional Alteration? The Patapatane Burial in the Highlands of South Central Andes
The burial found at Patapatane Cave in the highlands of Arica, northern Chile, yielded an incomplete skeleton of a 20-to-23-year-old female, dating to the end of the Middle Archaic period at 5910 ± 90 B.P. The site is located in a semiarid environment on the eastern side of Sierra de Huaylillas at 3800 m. in the hinterland of Arica, northern Chile. We argue that the missing bones, position of the cranium, and breakage of some elements resulted fr…
Geoglifos Y Tráfico Prehispánico De Caravanas De Llamas en El Desierto De Atacama (Norte De Chile)
Este estudio aporta nuevos antecedentes empricos, resultado de las excavaciones de cuatro campamentos de uso transitorio y dos entierros humanos, asociados a sitios con geoglifos, ubicados a lo largo de una ruta caravanera prehispnica de 150 km, que conect a los oasis de Pica con la costa del ocano Pacfico. Puesto que la mayora de estos sitios se encuentra en territorios desrticos sin recursos, asociados a contextos tales como coprolitos de llama…
Differential Mortuary Treatment among the Andean Chinchorro Fishers
Exploring chronic arsenic poisoning in pre-Columbian Chilean mummies
Perimortem trauma in the Atacama Desert and social violence during the late Formative period (2500-1700 years BP)
This paper describes a case of a mass grave containing three naturally mummified adults with multiple traumas to the skeletal and soft tissues, buried in an isolated and informal grave in one of the valleys that traverses the Atacama Desert, north of Chile. These traumas do not appear to be indicative of post-depositional alterations. Instead, we hypothesise that the observed marks correspond to lethal perimortem trauma, the result of acts of ext…
Revisita Al Tercer Caso De Verticalidad De John Murra en Las Costas De Los Andes Centrales Y Centro Sur
A partir de la confrontacion de datos arqueologicos, etnohistoricos y bioantropologicos de los periodos Intermedio Tardio y Tardio (ca. 1.000-1.530 d.C), se evaluo si las poblaciones del valle de Lluta se organizaron economicamente bajo el Tercer Caso de Verticalidad de John Murra. Para ello centramos la atencion en el sector chaupiyunga, etnocategoria geografica de alta valorizacion en el sistema vertical de pisos ecologicos entre la costa y el …
Al Dr. John Víctor Murra, Cosmopolita Veterano De Luchas Intelectuales Y Políticas Del Siglo Veinte
Ocupaciones humanas tempranas y condiciones paleoambientales en el Desierto de Atacama durante la transición Pleistoceno-Holoceno
El Desierto de Atacama (Arica a Taltal, 18°-25° S), uno de los ambientes más áridos del planeta, ha sido considerado un hábitat inhóspito y, por ende, una barrera importante para los grupos de cazadores- recolectores que migraron a Sudamérica a fines delPleistoceno. Recientes datos paleocológicos y geomorfológicos, resumidos aquí, evidencian que durante la transición Pleistoceno-Holoceno (c. 17.500-9500 cal AP) algunos sectores del Atacama fueron…
Geography (60 works) · Archaeology (38 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (38 works) · Art (37 works) · Humanities (35 works) · Biology (27 works) · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (25 works) · Population (16 works) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (15 works) · Ecology (14 works)