P K Smith
Biographic Data
| ID | 4833 |
|---|---|
| NAME | P K Smith |
| GIVEN NAMES | P K |
| FAMILY NAME | Smith |
| SIGNATURE | SMITH P K |
| AFFILIATIONS | Goldsmiths University of London |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5010-5359 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 115 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 734 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 115 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1973 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 13 |
The Development of a Multi-Dimensional Coding System to Categorise Negative Online Experiences Including Cyberbullying Behaviors Among Adolescents with Lower Socioeconomic Status
This original paper, based on data from the Erasmus+Blurred Lives Project, presents a new multi-dimensional categorisation model to describe negative online experiences, including forms of cyberbullying, based on a study of internet usage among over N = 2,500 adolescents with lower socio-economic status (SES) backgrounds across five European countries. The paper first sets out the rationale for the development of a new coding system, before descr…
Bullying in the Arab World
The present research aimed to examine bullying among diverse Arab nationalities residing in Qatar across two separate studies. Study 1 examined how Arabic-speaking adolescents and adults describe and perceive bullying, participants ( N = 36) from different Arab nationalities (i.e., Egyptians, Qataris, Syrians, and other Arabs) were presented with three tasks in a focus group where they were asked questions about how they describe and perceive thr…
Joint trajectories of cyberbullying perpetration and victimization
Cyberbullying is one of the most disturbing characteristics regarding the relationship between adolescents on the Internet. Although a longitudinal overview of the trajectories that adolescents may develop has been established, there is a lack of understanding of these when both perpetration and victimization are considered together. The present study aimed to analyze the joint trajectories between cyberbullying perpetration and victimization amo…
Internet Use and Perceived Parental Involvement among Adolescents from Lower Socioeconomic Groups in Europe
Internet usage is a salient developmental factor in adolescents' lives. Although relevant correlates of Internet use have been documented earlier, there is a lack of information on lower socioeconomic status groups. This is important, as these adolescents have increased risk of negative online experiences. The current survey aimed to explore Internet use and parental involvement amongst adolescents from areas of socio-economic disadvantage in 30 …
Play fighting (rough-and-tumble play) in children
Play fighting and chasing in human children - often referred to as rough-and-tumble play, or RTP or R&T - is a common form of play, and one that has the most obvious correspondence to play in many (especially mammalian) non-human species. Unlike object, pretend and sociodramatic play, generally encouraged by teachers and parents, play fighting is viewed in a much more ambivalent way. The role it has in development, and whether this should be view…
Bullying in Schools and the Issue of Sex Differences
Bullying in Schools and the Issue of Sex Differences - 1
Stay Safe and Strong
The present study aimed at giving voice to students from disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds using a co-participatory approach. Participants were 59 adolescents (52.5% males) aged between 14 and 16 from five European countries who created ten comics to illustrate cyberbullying for a broader audience of peers. We analyzed texts and images according to four primary themes: cyberbullying episodes (types, platforms, co-occurrence with bullying),…
Poésie noire sans écriture [1965]
Après avoir parcouru rapidement les poèmes étranges aux images fortes et subtiles et admiré à juste titre la présentation raffinée de ce recueil, le regard ne manquera pas d’être arrêté et surpris par les quelques photographies qui le ferment. Elles montrent des hommes noirs en haillons, aux genoux poussiéreux, tenant serrée entre leurs cuisses une petite harpe à cinq cordes. On ne lit pas facilement dans les yeux ni dans les rides profondes de c…
The Mediating Role of Bullying and Victimisation on the Relationship Between Problematic Internet Use and Substance Abuse Among Adolescents in the UK
Over the last decade, research into the negative effects of problematic internet use has greatly increased. The current study adopted a mediation-moderation model in exploring the relationship between problematic internet use and substance abuse (drinking, drug use, and smoking tobacco cigarettes) among 1,613 adolescents (aged 10-16) in the UK. The findings of the study revealed a significant positive correlation between problematic internet use …
Moral Reasoning about Aggressive Behavior in Relation to Type of Aggression, Age and Gender in South Korean Pupils
Studies of moral reasoning in relation to aggressive behaviors have paid limited attention to different types of aggression, and have mainly been conducted in Western societies. We describe findings from a study of 157 children, aged 6 or 11 years, from two schools in South Korea. Using a cartoon scenario methodology, we assessed moral reasoning about eight types of aggression: verbal, physical individual, physical group, social exclusion, rumor …
Peer Victimisation in Early Childhood; Observations of Participant Roles and Sex Differences
During middle childhood and adolescence, victimisation appears to be a group process involving different participant roles. However, peer reports with younger children (four to six years old) have failed to identify the participant roles of assistant (to the bully) reinforcers or defenders with much reliability. This may be because peer victimisation is a more dyadic process among younger children (behavioural reality), or because of limitations …
An Analysis of Differences in the Role of Friendships and the School Class in Children’s Perceptions of Bullying in England and Ijime in Japan
This is an English translation with some expansion of the article originally published in Japanese as a university bulletin in 2009. Previous research has found both differences and similarities between ijime in Japan and bullying in England. Bullying is often by pupils in different classes or higher year groups whom the victim does not know very well; ijime is often by victims' classmates whom the victim knows very well. However, it has not been…
Dan Olweus (1931–2020)
Memorializes Dan Olweus (1931-2020). Olewus was a founder of the study of bullying. At the University of Bergen, starting in 1970, he served as Professor of Psychology (until 1995) and Research Professor (1996 to 2010), then moved on to the Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare until 2016. He was affiliated with the Department for Health Promotion and Development at the University of Bergen from 2019 until his death.…
Information Technology Use and Cyberbullying Behavior in South Thailand
There has been concern about the effects of high levels of internet use on the mental well-being of young people. This has generally been phrased in terms of a displacement hypothesis, that the extent of internet use and mental well-being are directly proportional. This linear model has been contrasted with a Goldilocks Hypothesis, proposed by Przybylski and Weinstein. This supposes that moderate levels of internet use may be the least harmful, c…
Consistency of gender differences in bullying in cross-cultural surveys
Cross-National Data on Victims of Bullying
Until recently, there were four sources of large-scale self-report survey data on victim rates, cross-nationally: EU Kids Online, Global School Health Survey, Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study, and Health Behaviour of School-aged Children. Smith, Robinson, and Marchi (2016) examined the internal validity and external validity of these data sets, comparing country victimization rates. While internal validity correlations were h…
Bullying and Cyberbullying
Bullying and cyberbullying have severe psychological and legal consequences for those involved. However, it is unclear how or even if previous experience of bullying and cyberbullying is considered in mental health assessments. Furthermore, the relevance and effectiveness of current legal solutions has been debated extensively, resulting in a desire for a specific legislation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the psychological and lega…
Bullying
Bullying is repetitive aggressive behaviour with an imbalance of power. Research, especially on school bullying, has increased massively in the last decade, fuelled in part by the rise of cyberbullying. Prevalence rates vary greatly. This is in part because of measurement issues, but some persons, and groups, are more at risk of involvement. Victims suffer from bullying, but some of those who perpetrate bullying can be socially skilled and get at…
La cueva sepulcral calcolítica del Cubío del Escalón (Matienzo, Cantabria) y el modelo de las pequeñas cuevas sepulcrales en Cantabria
El Cubo del Escaln es una pequea cueva localizada en Matienzo
Cross-National Data on Victims of Bullying
There are four sources of large-scale self-report survey data on victim rates, cross-nationally. These are EU Kids Online, Global School Health Survey, Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study, and Health Behaviour of School-aged Children. There are some differences in methodology between these surveys, but all use pupil self-report data. They have all been used to look at cross-national differences, in relation to other country char…
Cultural Issues in Bullying and Cyberbullying among Children and Adolescents
Bullying, including cyberbullying, is an internationally recognized form of problematic behavior that can have serious and long-lasting consequences for all individuals involved. Correlations between bullying and cyberbullying, and psychiatric, psychosomatic, and physical health issues, suicide ideation, and suicide have emerged in empirical research. Although there are important differences by cultural context, we can assume that forms of bullyi…
Participant roles in peer‐victimization among young children in South Korea
This study explored participant roles in aggressive behavior among 95 children aged five to seven years, in a collectivistic culture, South Korea. Using a short-term longitudinal design, three types of nomination (peer, self, and teacher) were obtained for four participant roles (aggressor, victim, defender-stop, and defender-tell) and for four types of aggression (physical, verbal, social exclusion and rumor spreading). Assessments were made of …
Structural validation and cross-cultural robustness of the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire
Annual Research Review
AIMS AND SCOPE: The usage of mobile phones and the internet by young people has increased rapidly in the past decade, approaching saturation by middle childhood in developed countries. Besides many benefits, online content, contact or conduct can be associated with risk of harm; most research has examined whether aggressive or sexual harms result from this. We examine the nature and prevalence of such risks, and evaluate the evidence regarding th…
Are minority status children's cross‐ethnic friendships beneficial in a multiethnic context
Past research has demonstrated the negative impact of perceived ethnic discrimination (PED) on psychological well-being among children. Given research demonstrating the benefits of cross-ethnic friendship for children's intergroup attitudes, we examined whether cross-ethnic friendships would attenuate the effects of PED on well-being and resilience within a multi-ethnic context. Two hundred and forty-seven South Asian British children (M = 11 yea…
Cyberbullying
Cyberbullying describes bullying using mobile phones and the internet. Most previous studies have focused on the prevalence of text message and email bullying.Two surveys with pupils aged 11-16 years: (1) 92 pupils from 14 schools, supplemented by focus groups; (2) 533 pupils from 5 schools, to assess the generalisability of findings from the first study, and investigate relationships of cyberbullying to general internet use. Both studies differe…
Bullying and ‘Theory of Mind’
Bullying in schools has been found to be widespread. The popular stereotype of a bully, supported by theories based on the social skills deficit model, is of a powerful but ‘oafish’ person with little understanding of others. In this article, we trace the origin of this view, and present an alternative view: that some bullies, at least, will need good social cognition and theory of mind skills in order to manipulate and organise others, inflictin…
Perceived Family Relationships of Bullies, Victims and Bully/Victims in Middle Childhood
A multi-theoretical perspective was used to identify family patterns as perceived by children who bully others at school, are victims of such bullying, or both (bully/victims). A sample of 20 bullies, 20 victims, 20 bully/victims and 20 control children was selected from three middle schools by peer nomination. Four assessment measures, the Family Relations Test, the Parenting Style Questionnaire, the Family Systems Test and the Separation Anxiet…
Play in evolution and development
Friendship and loneliness among bullies and victims
Research suggests that the relationship between school bullying and its various risk factors should be clearer among girls than boys, and should become stronger with age, as roles within the peer group stabilise. This paper tests this theory by comparing sex, school type, and bully/victim status differences in friendships and playground social interactions, using data from nine surveys in seven countries: China, England, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Po…
Profiles of non-victims, escaped victims, continuing victims and new victims of school bullying
Background: Victims of school bullying are known to be at risk in peer relationships and to sometimes use ineffective coping strategies, but little previous research has examined differences among escaped victims, continuing victims and new victims.Aim: A follow-up design compared friendships, behavioural characteristics, victimisation experiences and coping strategies of pupils who had 2 years previously answered a questionnaire identifying them…
Are minority status children's cross‐ethnic friendships beneficial in a multiethnic context
Past research has demonstrated the negative impact of perceived ethnic discrimination (PED) on psychological well-being among children. Given research demonstrating the benefits of cross-ethnic friendship for children's intergroup attitudes, we examined whether cross-ethnic friendships would attenuate the effects of PED on well-being and resilience within a multi-ethnic context. Two hundred and forty-seven South Asian British children (M = 11 yea…
Cross-ethnic friendships
What Good Schools can Do About Bullying
Action against bullying in schools has been quite extensive over the last decade. The article reports a survey of 2308 pupils aged 10-14 years, from 19 schools across England. Frequencies of being bullied and of bullying others suggest some decline from earlier findings, which may reflect positive results achieved by schools concerned about the issue. Victims report a variety of coping strategies, varying with age. Bullies report often feeling th…
Is school bullying really on the rise
The Emotional Impact of Bullying and Cyberbullying on Victims
Past research has demonstrated the effects of bullying can be severe and long term for the individuals involved. The main aim of this study is to analyze the emotional impact on victims of traditional bullying, both direct and indirect forms, and of cyberbullying through mobile phones and the Internet. A sample of 5,862 adolescents from three different countries, I taly (N = 1,964), S pain (N = 1,671), and E ngland (N = 2,227), responded to a que…
Socially Undesirable Need Not Be Incompetent
Self-reports of short- and long-term effects of bullying on children who stammer
Background. Victimisation at school may result in long-term social, emotional and psychological effects (Parker & Asher, 1987; Sharp, 1995), particularly for children with special educational needs (Whitney et al., 1994). Children who stammer may be at risk of being bullied due to their peerrelationship and verbal difficulties.Aim. This study aimed to explore the nature, frequency and causes of bullying amongst children who stammer as well as the…
Parents' Definitions of Children's Bullying in a Five-Country Comparison
This study was carried out with 30- to 55-year-old parents of children ages 6 to 13 years in five different countries: Italy, Spain, Portugal, England, and Japan. It aimed at analyzing similarities and differences between words in five languages used to describe different types of bullying and social exclusion and identifying which terms are more appropriate to use in comparisons across cultures and languages. Target terms were selected using foc…
It’s easy, it works, and it makes me feel good’—A Response to Arsenio and Lemerise
Psychological correlates of peer victimisation in preschool
Most research into peer victimisation has focussed on children aged 8 years and above and has included a study of the correlates of victimisation, including cognitive and social skills, and attachment profiles. Recent research has started to investigate aggression and victimisation in younger groups and has found that the nature of aggression differs from that in older children in terms of the types of victimisation involved and the stability of …
Incest Avoidance as a Function of Environment and Heredity [and Comments and Reply]
Although it has repeatedly been demonstrated that behavior is best understood as a function of the interrelatedness of nature and nurture, many social scientists persist in posing these determinants adversatively and then contend that genes and biology are, at best, minor determinants of behavior. Analysis in incest avoidance illustrates the inadequacy of efforts to reduce to irrelevance genetic determinants. Man and many other species exhibit st…
A longitudinal study of social participation in preschool children
Victimization in the school and the workplace
We examine whether reported roles in school bullying, and victimization in the workplace, are connected; the influence of victim coping strategies at school; and sex differences. A questionnaire was completed by 5,288 adults from various workplace venues in Great Britain. We analysed two questions on school experiences (participant role; coping strategies if bullied) and questions on workplace bullying (experiences of being bullied). We found a s…
Perceptions and experiences of bullying in younger pupils
A pictorial questionnaire was devised to explore definitions and experiences of bullying with Year 2 pupils (6-7 years). The questionnaire was given individually to 60 pupils from two schools, balanced by sex. Various indicators suggested that the children responded reasonably consistently to the questions; they had an understanding of what bullying meant, irrespective of questionnaire format, which included indirect as well as direct forms; and …
Ethnic differences in experiences of bullying
The specific role of ethnicity in the experience of bullying was examined, with a sample of 33 pairs of Asian and white children, matched for gender, age, and school. Each child was interviewed individually, using a modified version of the Olweus questionnaire. No differences by ethnicity were found for reports of enjoying school; having friends at school; disliking other children; likelihood and frequency of being bullied; and likelihood and fre…
Coping with bullying at school
School bullying in England and ijime in Japan have long but separate research traditions. We focus on a cross‐national comparison of secondary school pupils' opinions about coping strategies, bystander intervention, and attitudes towards school‐based interventions. One‐to‐one structured interviews were conducted with 61 Japanese and 60 English pupils aged 12–15 years, in six secondary schools. Coping strategy recommended was found to vary by type…
Knowledge and attitudes about school bullying in trainee teachers
Background. Recent research has highlighted the issue of bullying in schools. However, little attention has been paid to the knowledge and beliefs of trainee teachers, who will hold a key position in reducing the problem of bullying in schools.Aims. To determine (i) trainee teachers' beliefs about some aspects of school bullying; (ii) their recommended strategies for pupils to cope; (iii) their confidence in dealing with bullying issues as future…
Cross-national comparison of how children distinguish serious and playful fighting
Criteria used to distinguish between play fighting and serious fighting were investigated for 8- and 11-year-old children in Italy and England, using videotaped and questionnaire-based interviews. There was high consensus in describing most videotaped episodes as either playful or serious. Results were similar for Italian and English children (irrespective of whether a videotape of Italian or English children was used for cue generation) at both …
Participant roles in peer‐victimization among young children in South Korea
This study explored participant roles in aggressive behavior among 95 children aged five to seven years, in a collectivistic culture, South Korea. Using a short-term longitudinal design, three types of nomination (peer, self, and teacher) were obtained for four participant roles (aggressor, victim, defender-stop, and defender-tell) and for four types of aggression (physical, verbal, social exclusion and rumor spreading). Assessments were made of …
Welsh Aisle Trusses
Space, Time and Motion
Journal Article Book Reviews Get access Space, Time and Motion: A Philosophical Introduction. BY Wesley C. Salmon. (California: Dickenson Publishing Co. 1975. Pp. 147. Price £4.50) Peter Smith Peter Smith Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 26, Issue 105, October 1976, Pages 371–372, https://doi.org/10.2307/2218872 Published: 01 October 1976
Innate Ideas
Journal Article Book Reviews Get access Innate Ideas. Edited by Stephen P. Stich. (Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press. 1975. Pp. x+222) Peter Smith Peter Smith Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 26, Issue 104, July 1976, Pages 277–279, https://doi.org/10.2307/2219027 Published: 01 July 1976
On Gender Differences and the Origin of Language
Philosophical Problems of Modern Physics
Der homerische Aphroditehymnus und die Aristie des Aineias in der Ilias
Social and aggressive behaviour in preschool children as a function of crowding
The Shape of Space
Journal Article Book Reviews Get access The Shape of Space. By Graham Nerlich. (C.U.P. 1976. Pp. xii + 280. Price £8.50.) Peter Smith Peter Smith Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 28, Issue 111, April 1978, Pages 167–169, https://doi.org/10.2307/2219363 Published: 01 April 1978
A longitudinal study of social participation in preschool children
Play and Non‐play Tutoring in Pre‐school Children
S ummary . Despite interest in whether play is important in learning and development, little firm evidence exists. Some recent experimental studies have shown that encouraging fantasy and sociodramatic play in pre‐school children may lead to gains in many wider aspects of competence. These gains have been ascribed to the increase in play. A critical analysis of this work reveals that insufficient control for the tutoring experience was used; comp…
La maison traditionelle
Ethology, ethogeny, etics, emics, biology, culture
Ethogeny, supposedly patterned on ethology, differs as an approach to human social behaviour in obvious respects. Ethogenists follow an emic research strategy, whereas human ethologists have strongly favoured etic research options. However, recent trends to a broader, evolutionary approach in human ethology suggest that an avoidance or rejection of verbal reports and ethogenic methods merits reconsideration, The distinctions involved in the eticl…
Incest Avoidance as a Function of Environment and Heredity [and Comments and Reply]
Although it has repeatedly been demonstrated that behavior is best understood as a function of the interrelatedness of nature and nurture, many social scientists persist in posing these determinants adversatively and then contend that genes and biology are, at best, minor determinants of behavior. Analysis in incest avoidance illustrates the inadequacy of efforts to reduce to irrelevance genetic determinants. Man and many other species exhibit st…
Does play matter? Functional and evolutionary aspects of animal and human play
In this paper I suggest that play is a distinctive behavioural category whose adaptive significance calls for explanation. Play primarily affords juveniles practice toward the exercise of later skills. Its benefits exceed its costs when sufficient practice would otherwise be unlikely or unsafe, as is particularly true with physical skills and socially competitive ones. Manipulative play with objects is a byproduct of increased intelligence, speci…
Differences or deficits? The significance of pretend and sociodramatic play
The Reliability and Validity of One‐zero Sampling
Dunkerton (1981) has argued that one‐zero sampling methods are useless for quantitative observational research in classrooms. His conclusions rest on a confusion of reliability and validity, on unjustified confidence in the importance of absolute values of frequency and duration of behaviours, and a misunderstanding of the nature ofscientific measurement. Observational procedures do need to be clearly specified, butone‐zero sampling provides a us…
The Philosophy of Mind
This is a straightforward, elementary textbook for beginning students of philosophy. The general aim is to provide a clear introduction to the main issues arising in the philosophy of mind. Part I discusses the Cartesian dualist view which many find initially appealing, and contains a careful examination of arguments for and against. Part II introduces the broadly functionalist type of physicalism which has Aristotelian roots. This approach is de…
Play and associative fluency
Human Territorial Functioning
Agonism, Hedonism, and Attention Structure
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Time and Chance
It is argued that the regional survival of buildings from different periods is not the result merely of pure chance and therefore of no significance, but is a meaningful indication of earlier social, economic, as well as architectural history
Showing-off behaviour of nursery children
Assertive behaviours like showing-off have an important role for a child in getting attention from other children in a class without being aggressive. This study presented the showing-off behaviour in an English nursery school, and later it was discussed in comparison with that in the German kindergartens reported by Hold-Cavell. As a result, the English children performed showing-off behaviours at only one-half the frequency of German children. …
Cross-national comparison of how children distinguish serious and playful fighting
Criteria used to distinguish between play fighting and serious fighting were investigated for 8- and 11-year-old children in Italy and England, using videotaped and questionnaire-based interviews. There was high consensus in describing most videotaped episodes as either playful or serious. Results were similar for Italian and English children (irrespective of whether a videotape of Italian or English children was used for cue generation) at both …
Children's perceptions of playfighting, playchasing and real fighting
Playfighting and chasing can he distinguished from real fighting, hut their significance in children's development remains uncertain. This study examines playfighting and chasing from the child's, rather than the observer's, perspective, using a questionnaire given to 8 and 11 year olds in England and South Italy and 5 year olds in England. Findings were generally similar for English and Italian children. Most hoys and girls reported both liking,…
Ethnic preferences and perceptions among Asian and White British middle school children
Asian and White middle school children were shown photographs of unknown Afro‐Caribbean, Asian, and White individuals of approximately the same age as themselves, and asked which one wax most like them, which one they would prefer to be, which ones they would prefer to engage in various activities with, and finally, to allocate positive and negative traits to the three groups or to nobody. A similar majority of both Asian and While children selec…
Psychology (91 works) · Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression (70 works) · Developmental psychology (62 works) · Social Psychology (62 works) · Medicine (32 works) · Poison control (30 works) · Social Psychology (29 works) · Child Development and Digital Technology (28 works) · Sociology (28 works) · Human Factors and Ergonomics (25 works)