N J Conard
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 52204 |
|---|---|
| NOME | N J Conard |
| PRENOMES | N J |
| SOBRENOME | Conard |
| ASSINATURA | CONARD N J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4633-0385 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 160 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 3105 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 160 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1986 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 31 |
Sourcing obsidian from Chogha Golan, an Aceramic Neolithic site in west-central Zagros, Iran
The Early Neolithic site of Chogha Golan records the beginnings of the Neolithic way of life in the western foothills of the Zagros Mountains in the province of Ilam in western Iran. The cultural sequence at Chogha Golan dates from 11,700 to 9,600 cal BP. The Tübingen-Iranian Stone Age Research Project (TISARP) excavated the site and carefully floated all the archaeological sediments. During excavations in 2009 and 2010, this approach resulted in…
Reassessing the Cultural Stratigraphy of Vogelherd Cave
Vogelherd Cave is located in the Lone Valley near the town of Niederstotzingen (Baden-Württemberg, Germany). Gustav Riek from the University of Tübingen together with four workmen completely excavated the site during three months in 1931. The team dumped the backdirt from the site directly in front of the southwestern and southern entrances of the cave. In his monograph from 1934, Riek describes nine archaeological layers, from top to bottom I-IX…
Framing the Middle Stone Age of bed V at Mumba Rock Shelter, Tanzania, using electron spin resonance and uranium series
The influence of fragmentation on a combined ZooMS and zooarchaeological study at Geißenklösterle Cave in the Swabian Jura, Southwestern Germany
ZooMS study of 988 bones from the Palaeolithic site, Geißenklösterle Cave. • Carnivore damage three times more prevalent on indeterminate fossils than those with diagnostic features. • Fragment size influences species identifications in ZooMS studies. • Earliest anthropogenic modification on Rhinocerotidae remains in the Swabian Jura. Geißenklösterle Cave, a Palaeolithic site located in the Swabian Jura of southern Germany, has yielded multiple M…
Celebrating 50 Years of Research in Prehistoric Material Culture and Traceology in Tübingen
This article retraces the long tradition of research in material culture and functional studies in the Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology in Tübingen. While the first lectures in prehistory in Tübingen date back to the late 19th century and speculation about the function of tools has a long history in Tübingen, more systematic research in these areas began in the early 1980s. Building on the earlier work by Hansjürgen Müller-Be…
Vorwort / Foreword
Revisited and Revalorised
The Middle Stone Age (MSA) of southern Africa is mainly known from rock shelters and caves. How early modern humans interacted with their landscapes remains comparatively understudied. The site of Jojosi 1, situated north of Nquthu in north central KwaZulu-Natal, is set within erosional badlands known locally as ‘dongas’. This locality offers a rare opportunity to study MSA technology and settlement dynamics in an open-air context. G. Botha initi…
Technofunctional Analysis Reveals the Role of Carinated Artifacts and End-Scrapers in the Aurignacian of Vogelherd Cave
Cores and tools are essential for understanding the lithic assemblages of the Upper Paleolithic. However, carinated pieces, which are of central interest in the Aurignacian, are mostly defined by typological criteria. How researchers interpret these criteria varies greatly and has significant influence on the interpretation of sites and their functions. In the case of carinated artifacts and non-carinated end-scrapers, there is no unambiguous def…
A single test for raw material properties
The study of raw materials used for making stone tools allows archaeologists to gain insight into the behaviours of ancient people. Raw materials possess different properties, which influence the ability of knappers to flake, shape and use a stone tool. Measuring these properties experimentally requires specialised laboratories and measuring processes that are not straightforward. This makes such analyses a cost-intensive and often inaccessible w…
Prey choice and changes in site occupation intensity during the Middle and Upper Paleolithic at Ghar-e Boof (southern Zagros Mountains, Iran)
Ghar-e Boof represents an exceptional Paleolithic site in the southern Zagros Mountains. Due to its long Late Pleistocene sequence that spans from ca. 81 ka until the Epipaleolithic, the site offers a unique opportunity to investigate long-term hominin behavioral patterns on a local scale. In this paper, we examine diachronic trends in prey choice and site occupation intensity during the Middle Paleolithic (MP) through early Upper Paleolithic (UP…
Oscar Fraas – Pionier der urgeschichtlichen Forschung Zentral-europas und neue Erkenntnisse zu den Funden der Ausgrabung 1870/71 im Hohle Fels bei Schelklingen
Oscar Fraas was one of the first natural scientists to establish the existence of Ice Age humans. From November 1854 until 1894, he held various positions in the Royal Natural History Cabinet in Stuttgart. As early as the 1860s, he conducted a series of experiments to explain and understand how traces and scratches on Ice Age bone fragments were made. His work is among the first attempts in the world to use Stone Age tools. These were often spont…
Mobility and the Importance of Bone and Bulb Retouchers in the Middle Palaeolithic of the Swabian Jura
Modifying the form of lithic artifacts through retouch represents a central technological feature of the Middle Palaeolithic, and retouchers made of a variety of materials appear frequently in the archaeological record. Bone and bulb retouchers are the most common types. The first, are often described as ad hoc tools with short use-lives, while researchers have tentatively iden-tified the second as curated artifacts included in the mobile toolkit…
Vorwort
Constructing Identity
Evidence for an earlier Magdalenian presence in the Lone Valley of southwest Germany
On the Status of the Boar Tooth Artifact from the Backdirt of Vogelherd
During the course of the excavations in the backdirt of Vogelherd in 2008, the crew recovered a tusk of a boar preserving clear signs of anthropogenic modification. In addition to the polishing that regularly occurs on tusks during the life of the animal, this specimen, showed signs of cut- ting, scraping and polish subsequent to the animal’s death. This artifact superficially resembles a Magdalenian female figurine with a triangular buttock and …
Vorwort / Foreword
The archaeology of pleasure
Improved discrimination of biogenic and diagenetic elements in Palaeolithic mammoth ivory and bone from Hohle Fels Cave in the Swabian Jura of Southwestern Germany
Mammoth ivory was used by humans to manufacture personal ornaments, sculptures or music instruments during the Upper Palaeolithic. These objects are among the first and most precious witnesses of ancient artistic behaviour. Archaeological ivory, however, has been subjected to complex alteration processes due to exchange with its burial environment over time. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the diagenetic phenomena in order to develop ade…
Foxes in Retrospect—Unraveling Human-Fox Relationships through Fox Tooth Ornaments in the Swabian Jura
Personal ornaments play an important role in our understanding of human cultural and behavioral change during the Upper Paleolithic, providing insights into intangible aspects of human cultural behavior. Some ornament forms are better studied than others, and fox tooth ornaments, despite their frequent occurrence and broad spatiotemporal span, are relatively under-addressed. Here we present the first comprehensive study of 40 perforated fox teeth…
Cultural Developments Between the Final MSA and the Robberg at Umbeli Belli, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
The Early Later Stone Age (ELSA) in southern Africa is one of the most poorly understood periods in the subcontinent. This is due to a lack of sites covering the time between the final MSA and the Robberg, but also due to a lack of agreement on what the ELSA actually is. In this paper, we present the lithic evidence from the site Umbeli Belli (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa), covering the period between ~29,000 and 17,000 years ago. We find the chan…
Early evidence for bear exploitation during MIS 9 from the site of Schöningen 12 (Germany)
Woher kommt der Mensch
Schmuck aus Aurignacien von der Schwäbischen Alb im Vergleich mit Inventaren aus dem Lahntal und dem Rheinland
Transition or Replacement? Radiocarbon Dates From Hohle Fels Cave (Alb-Donau-Kreis/D) and the Passage From Aurignacian to Gravettian
Radiocarbon dating the appearance of modern humans and timing of cultural innovations in Europe
Bedding, hearths, and site maintenance in the Middle Stone Age of Sibudu Cave, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Micromorphological analysis of sediments from the Middle Stone Age site of Sibudu Cave, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, provides a high-resolution sequence and evidence of site formation processes of predominantly anthropogenic deposits. This methodology allows for a detailed interpretation of individual anthropogenic activities, including the construction of hearths and bedding and the maintenance of occupational surfaces through the sweep out of h…
Τesting models for the beginnings of the Aurignacian and the advent of figurative art and music
Tools Underfoot
A series of eight replication experiments tests the proposition that human trampling of stone flakes can produce edge damage that mimics deliberate retouch. Retouchlike edge damage, breakage, and other forms of macroscopic mechanical damage were observed on large numbers of pieces in all trampled sets. Experiments measured the relative contributions of three variables-raw material, artifact density, and substrate-in generating damage. Results ind…
Dense Forests, Cold Steppes, and the Palaeolithic Settlement of Northern Europe [and Comments and Replies]
Paleolithic burnt bone horizons from the Swabian Jura
Hohle Fels Cave is one of several Upper Paleolithic sites on the eastern extension of the Swabian Alb in southwestern Germany. Several phases of excavations have been conducted since 1870. The archaeological inventories comprise a broad range of artifacts produced from stone, bone, teeth, ivory, and antler. The site has also yielded Paleolithic rock art, sculpture, and engravings. The Pleistocene inventories unearthed so far belong to the Magdale…
Radiocarbon dating the late Middle Paleolithic and the Aurignacian of the Swabian Jura
Lithic Reduction and Hominid Behavior in the Middle Paleolithic of the Rhineland
Due to the increasing interest in studying the evolution of modern humans, much research over the last decade has been directed toward examining the organization of technology and its relationship to planning as it is documented in the archaeological record. In this article, we use high-resolution archaeological data from the recent excavation at the Middle Paleolithic locality of Wallertheim, Germany, to gain insight into the technological syste…
Dumping, Sweeping and Trampling
Six experimental fireplaces were constructed to investigate the ability of micromorphology to identify anthropogenic reworking of combustion features and to build a reference base of experimentally-derived conditions to calibrate micromorphological conditions. After burning, the fireplaces were either swept out, swept out and the material dumped, trampled, or a combination of these three. Micromorphological examination showed that these processes…
On the evidence for human use and control of fire at Schöningen
Change and continuity in subsistence during the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic in the Ach Valley of Swabia (south-west Germany)
This paper examines the faunal assemblages from Middle Palaeolithic cave sites in the Ach Valley and views them in a broader chronological context along with the Upper Palaeolithic assemblages of the region. We present data from the key Middle Palaeolithic sites of Geißenklösterle, Sirgenstein, Große Grotte and Kogelstein. Except Kogelstein, which is a hyena den, the other three sites served as cave bear hibernation dens, where cave bear is the m…
Excavations at Schöningen and paradigm shifts in human evolution
Residue and microwear analyses of the stone artifacts from Schöningen
A Unified Lithic Taxonomy Based on Patterns of Core Reduction
Nicholas J. Conard, Marie Soressi, John E. Parkington, Sarah Wurz, Royden Yates, A Unified Lithic Taxonomy Based on Patterns of Core Reduction, The South African Archaeological Bulletin, Vol. 59, No. 179 (Jun., 2004), pp. 12-16
Evaluating morphological variability in lithic assemblages using 3D models of stone artifacts
Coastal adaptations and the Middle Stone Age lithic assemblages from Hoedjiespunt 1 in the Western Cape, South Africa
Middle Paleolithic land use, spatial organization and settlement intensity in the Swabian Jura, southwestern Germany
Production sequences of ostrich eggshell beads and settlement dynamics in the Geelbek Dunes of the Western Cape, South Africa
A previously undescribed organic residue sheds light on heat treatment in the Middle Stone Age
Characterizing the Lower Paleolithic bone industry from Schöningen 12 II
Site fragmentation, hominin mobility and LCT variability reflected in the early Acheulean record of the Okote Member, at Koobi Fora, Kenya
Midden or Molehill
Hammer or crescent wrench? Stone-tool form and function in the Aurignacian of southwest Germany
An evolutionary perspective on coastal adaptations by modern humans during the Middle Stone Age of Africa
The late Middle Paleolithic and earliest Upper Paleolithic in Central Europe and their relevance for the Out of Africa hypothesis
The Chemical Preparation of AgCl for Measuring 36 Cl in Polar Ice with Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
A method of chemical separation and purification of chloride from relatively small samples (500 to 2100g) of glacial ice is presented. With this procedure the first successful measurements of pre-bomb levels of 36 Cl in Greenland ice have been made. Emphasis is placed on methods of reducing sulfur, which causes interference in the accelerator mass spectrometry, and in maximizing the yield. Data regarding the selection of materials for sample hold…
The feasibility of dating rock paintings from Brandberg, Namibia, with 14C
A 36Cl Profile in Greenland Ice from AD 1265 to 1865
We have measured the concentration of 36 Cl in 67 samples from the upper portion of the Camp Century ice core. The profile extends from AD 1265 to 1865 and covers the times of the Wolf (AD 1282–1342), Spoerer (AD 1416–1534) and Maunder (AD 1645–1715) minima in sunspot number. Although the profile exhibits much short-term variation, a smoothed plot of the data shows a strong peak in 36 Cl concentration over the time of the Maunder Minimum. The dee…
Laminar Lithic Assemblages from the Last Interglacial Complex in Northwestern Europe
The degree to which physical and cultural evolution are correlated is a central issue in anthropology. With regard to that question, this paper discusses several blade assemblages from the last interglacial complex in northwestern Europe. Possible sources of interassemblage variability are considered, and the importance of the availability of lithic raw materials is stressed. I argue that the presence of these early blade assemblages further erod…
Dense Forests, Cold Steppes, and the Palaeolithic Settlement of Northern Europe [and Comments and Replies]
On the Prospects for an Ethnography of Extinct Hominids
Lithic Reduction and Hominid Behavior in the Middle Paleolithic of the Rhineland
Due to the increasing interest in studying the evolution of modern humans, much research over the last decade has been directed toward examining the organization of technology and its relationship to planning as it is documented in the archaeological record. In this article, we use high-resolution archaeological data from the recent excavation at the Middle Paleolithic locality of Wallertheim, Germany, to gain insight into the technological syste…
Tools Underfoot
A series of eight replication experiments tests the proposition that human trampling of stone flakes can produce edge damage that mimics deliberate retouch. Retouchlike edge damage, breakage, and other forms of macroscopic mechanical damage were observed on large numbers of pieces in all trampled sets. Experiments measured the relative contributions of three variables-raw material, artifact density, and substrate-in generating damage. Results ind…
Une pierre peinte du Hohle Fels ( Baden-Württemberg , Allemagne) et la question de l' art pariétal paléolithique en Europe centrale/A painted stone from Hohle Fels cave (Baden-Württemberg, Germany) an…
Ein bemalter Stein vom Hohle Fels (Baden-Württemberg, Deutschland) und die Frage nach paläolithischer Höhlenkunst in Mitteleuropa. Aufgrund ausgeprägter Frostbruchphänomene im Spätglazial sind die ehemaligen Höhlenwände paläolithisch besiedelter Höhlen in Deutschland im allgemeinen sehr schlecht erhalten. Aus diesem Grund gibt es bis- lang keine eindeutigen Nachweise von Wandkunst in diesem Raum. 1998 fand man jedoch in der Schicht 1k des Hohle F…
Middle palaeolithic hunting economies in the Rhineland
Until the 1980s, archaeologists routinely assumed that faunal material found in association with Middle Palaeolithic artifacts represented the remains of animals hunted by Neanderthals. Over the last two decades, most researchers have come to the conclusion that diverse anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic agents can lead to the co-occurrence of lithic artifacts and faunal remains. With this taphonomic problem in mind, this paper considers the evi…
New Evidence for Paleolithic Rock Painting in Central Europe
The 1988/1989 Excavation of Petrie's "Workmen's Barracks" at Giza
The late Middle Paleolithic and earliest Upper Paleolithic in Central Europe and their relevance for the Out of Africa hypothesis
The ESR geochronology and geology of the open-air Palaeolithic deposits in Bollschweil, Germany
The ESR geochronology and geology of the open‐air Palaeolithic deposits in Bollschweil, Germany
This paper presents ESR (electron spin resonance) ages of rhinoceros and equine tooth enamel from the open‐air Palaeolithic site of Bollschweil on the western edge of the Black Forest near Freiburg, Germany. Bollschweil is one of very few archaeological sites in southern Germany to yield Lower or Middle Palaeolithic faunal and lithic materials from a buried, open‐air context. The geological context of the archaeological remains indicates that the…
Palaeolithic ivory sculptures from southwestern Germany and the origins of figurative art
Scavenging and Processing of Whale Meat and Blubber by Later Stone Age People of the Geelbek Dunes, Western Cape Province, South Africa
Andrew W. Kandel, Nicholas J. Conard, Scavenging and Processing of Whale Meat and Blubber by Later Stone Age People of the Geelbek Dunes, Western Cape Province, South Africa, The South African Archaeological Bulletin, Vol. 58, No. 178 (Dec., 2003), pp. 91-93
Paleolithic burnt bone horizons from the Swabian Jura
Hohle Fels Cave is one of several Upper Paleolithic sites on the eastern extension of the Swabian Alb in southwestern Germany. Several phases of excavations have been conducted since 1870. The archaeological inventories comprise a broad range of artifacts produced from stone, bone, teeth, ivory, and antler. The site has also yielded Paleolithic rock art, sculpture, and engravings. The Pleistocene inventories unearthed so far belong to the Magdale…
Radiocarbon dating the appearance of modern humans and timing of cultural innovations in Europe
Unexpectedly recent dates for human remains from Vogelherd
A Unified Lithic Taxonomy Based on Patterns of Core Reduction
Nicholas J. Conard, Marie Soressi, John E. Parkington, Sarah Wurz, Royden Yates, A Unified Lithic Taxonomy Based on Patterns of Core Reduction, The South African Archaeological Bulletin, Vol. 59, No. 179 (Jun., 2004), pp. 12-16
Change and continuity in subsistence during the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic in the Ach Valley of Swabia (south-west Germany)
This paper examines the faunal assemblages from Middle Palaeolithic cave sites in the Ach Valley and views them in a broader chronological context along with the Upper Palaeolithic assemblages of the region. We present data from the key Middle Palaeolithic sites of Geißenklösterle, Sirgenstein, Große Grotte and Kogelstein. Except Kogelstein, which is a hyena den, the other three sites served as cave bear hibernation dens, where cave bear is the m…
Production sequences of ostrich eggshell beads and settlement dynamics in the Geelbek Dunes of the Western Cape, South Africa
Middle Stone Age Settlement and Land Use at the Open-Air Sites of Geelbek and Anyskop , South Africa
The analysis of stone artefacts from the open-air localities of Geelbek and Anyskop in the Western Cape of South Africa offers new insight into the behaviour of Middle Stone Age hunters and gatherers. We examined five deflation bays in these mobile dune systems which, in contrast to caves or rockshelters, display large-scale spatial patterning with regard to the distribution of lithic artefacts and faunal remains. The definition of raw material u…
A Holistic Framework for Paleolithic Projectile Studies
Projectile technology and long-range weapons represent a major innovation in human evolution, shaping subsistence strategies, complex behavior, and advanced planning skills. Given the fast decay of organic remains, the Upper Paleolithic record is dominated by lithic implements, which are often classified as projectiles based primarily on morphological characteristics. However, such typological classifications frequently overlook macro- and microf…
Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (133 obras) · Geography (129 obras) · Archaeology (126 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (100 obras) · Geology (92 obras) · Cave (62 obras) · Paleontology (60 obras) · Pleistocene (53 obras) · Biology (51 obras) · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (50 obras)