Villotte
Biographic Data
| ID | 54558 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Villotte |
| FAMILY NAME | Villotte |
| SIGNATURE | VILLOTTE |
| AFFILIATIONS | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2958-8034 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 82 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 618 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 82 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2006 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
Fixed and Fluid
Imbalanced Sex Ratios in Sex Estimation Using Probabilistic Sex Diagnosis (Diagnose Sexuelle Probabiliste [DSP])
This study investigates biases in sex estimation using the DSP (Diagnose Sexuelle Probabiliste—Probabilistic Sex Diagnosis) method in bioarchaeological contexts. The aim is to assess whether this method overperforms in estimating one of the sexes and to explore the implications for palaeodemographic interpretations. A meta‐analysis was conducted using data from 32 archaeological and current populations ( n = 2303), spanning prehistoric to modern …
Cambios entésicos
En antropología biológica, el análisis de los cambios entésicos se utiliza principalmente, pero no exclusivamente, para inferir aspectos biomecánicos vinculados con la actividad física y los hábitos de vida de individuos antiguos y actuales. Sin embargo, la interpretación de estos cambios sigue enfrentando desafíos teóricos y metodológicos. Este artículo propone una revisión crítica del estado actual del conocimiento bioantropológico sobre los ca…
Activity-related skeletal changes at the olecranon tip in three individuals from the Iron Age cemetery in Hallstatt, Austria
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe and interpret specific pathological alterations at the elbow as observed in the special context of the Iron Age cemetery at Hallstatt, Austria. MATERIALS: The study examined skeletal remains from 64 adult individuals from the Iron Age cemetery at Hallstatt Hochtal. METHODS: A macroscopic analysis was conducted to identify bony changes in the elbow region. Measurements of asymmetry and 3D surface scans were u…
Microtrauma at the humeral medial epicondyle
OBJECTIVE: Lacunar lesions at the anterior medial collateral ligament (MCL) bundle attachment on the humeral medial epicondyle may represent partial avulsion fractures. This study developed and validated a quantitative approach to assess their morphology. MATERIALS: Two Neolithic samples were studied: Parisian Basin (France, N = 45) and Meuse Valley (Belgium, N = 25). METHODS: Lesions were extracted using a 3D protocol with ambient occlusion and …
Assessing inter-observer reliability to support availability of osteometric measurement data from the Olivier collection
Le domaine de l’anthropométrie joue un rôle crucial dans le développement de méthodes permettant de reconstituer le profil biologique des restes squelettiques. Il est donc essentiel de garantir la précision et la fiabilité des données ostéométriques pour la validation méthodologique. Cette étude évalue la répétabilité et la fiabilité inter-observateurs des mesures squelettiques recueillies pour la publication de la collection Olivier. Quatre obse…
Multiproxy evidence highlights exceptional heterogeneous social status in the middle neolithic in Europe
Présentation du projet Consensus
International audience
Quantifying surface changes at the medial epicondyle
International audience
Sex-ratio des individus indéterminés dans l'application de la Diagnose Sexuelle Probabiliste et implications dans les analyses paléodémographiques
International audience
Adaptations morpho-fonctionnelles osseuses liées aux activités des hommes et femmes néolithiques
International audience
Au nord, deuil dans les corons. Analyse anthropologique des victimes non identifiées de la catastrophe du Bois du Cazier (1956, Belgique)
Le 8 août 1956, la catastrophe minière la plus meurtrière de Belgique se produisit au charbonnage du Bois du Cazier à Marcinelle : 262 mineurs de nationalités diverses (belge, italienne, allemande, algérienne, grecque, ...) périrent à la suite d’une erreur humaine. Tous furent identifiés à l’exception de 17 d’entre eux. En octobre 2021, à la demande d’un descendant des victimes non identifiées, la Cellule d’Identification des Victimes de Catastro…
Sex estimation of the human os coxae in archeological contexts
The aims of this article are (1) to present the applicability of two methods of sex estimation of the coxal bone—the Diagnose Sexuelle Probabiliste (second version, DSP2) and the Brůžek's morphoscopic method (statistical version, SBMM)—on a large archeological metasample; (2) to provide the percentage of agreement between the two methods; and (3) to illustrate the interest to use both methods together. The metasample under study is composed of ad…
Secondary sex estimation using morphological traits from the cranium and mandible
Il est généralement admis que l'os coxal est l'os le plus fiable pour l'estimation du sexe chez les sujets adultes. Lorsque ce dernier n'est pas exploitable, les chercheurs se tournent généralement vers des méthodes basées sur le crâne (le bloc crânio-facial et la mandibule). Or, ces méthodes sont moins fiables, car elles reposent en grande partie sur une estimation de la robustesse, qui peut être influencée par des caractéristiques indépendantes…
Les individus du dépôt multiple néolithique du site de Pontcharaud, Clermont-Ferrand (fouilles 1986)
Ce document a t gnr automatiquement le 16 dcembre 2025.Le texte seul est utilisable
Recherche. Nouveaux itinéraires mérovingiens à Ciply
Demelenne Marie, Van Wersch Line, Polet Caroline, Chevalier Bérénice, Villotte Sébastien. Recherche. Nouveaux itinéraires mérovingiens à Ciply. In: Les cahiers de Mariemont, volume 45, 2023. Les bibliothèques des musées. pp. 180-182
Patterns of Violence in the Pre-Neolithic Nile Valley
Burial assemblages inform us about the biology of past societies, social relations, and ritual and symbolic behavior. However, they also allow us to examine the circumstances of death and social violence. A high level of intergroup violence among prehistoric hunter-gatherers is well-documented in some times and places but is extremely rare in others. Here we present an analysis of the perimortem injury to skeleton PD8 at the site of Sphinx in Cen…
A cranial injury from the earliest Gravettian at the Cro-Magnon rock shelter (Vézère Valley, Dordogne, southwest France)
La guerrière et la chasseuse. Les narrations autour des données scientifiques sur le rôle et le statut des femmes dans le passé
La médiatisation des publications scientifiques concernant les rôles et statuts des femmes dans le passé a pris une ampleur importante ces dernières années. Cette médiatisation porte bien souvent sur des sépultures de femmes, "extraordinaires" du fait de la richesse et/ou de la nature du mobilier associé. C’est notamment le cas pour la chasseuse de Wilamaya Patjxa (Pérou, 9000 ans avant le présent) ou la guerrière de Birka (Suède, VIIIe-Xe siècle…
La Société d'Anthropologie de Paris en action face à l'impact de l'épidémie de Covid-19 sur la communauté des anthropobiologistes
Les maladies, leurs déterminants biologiques et sociaux, ainsi que leurs répercussions sur les sociétés passées et actuelles sont, comme l’illustrent les contributions thématiques regroupées dans ce numéro des BMSAP, au cœur de nombreux travaux d’anthropologues biologistes. Ces dernier·ère·s, s’ils et elles se placent en observateur·trice·s éclairé·e·s et analystes de ces phénomènes, n’en sont toutefois pas moins concerné·e·s par leurs effets. La…
The effect of age on entheseal changes
Entheseal changes (EC) are frequent in older individuals, and age at death is the main variable explaining the distribution of EC stages in adult skeletal samples. While this is already well known, the underlying process has not been studied in biological anthropology to date. The aim of the article is to describe the relationship between age and stages of EC in detail for 30 appendicular entheses in a large sample of adult skeletons (N = 721) wi…
Affinité populationnelle en Afrique de l'ouest précoloniale
Nos connaissances sur les populations d’Afrique sub-saharienne des périodes précédant la colonisation européenne sont limitées. Peu de sites archéologiques contenant des restes humains ont été identifiés, et les sources écrites pour ces périodes sont rares. La découverte en 2018 de la grotte sépulcrale d’Iroungou (Gabon), dont l’utilisation remonte au XIVe-XVe siècles, avant l’arrivée des Portugais, constitue une source d’information exceptionnel…
Describing Cro-Magnon
Technical note
For reconstructing physical activity in the past, the surfaces of bones where muscles and ligaments attach, “entheses,” are routinely studied. Previous research has introduced an experimentally validated virtual approach for reconstructing habitual activity based on entheses. The present study relies on this virtual method to further investigate the effects of various biological factors on entheses, including variation by ancestry. Our skeletal s…
Nouvelles données sur l'épidémiologie passée et actuelle de la spondylolyse lombo-sacrée et son association avec la spina bifida occulta
Spondylolysis is a bony defect of the pars interarticularis mainly arising from repeated traumas. Other factors such as spina bifida occulta (SBO) are mentioned in clinical and palaeopathology but have been little studied. The aim of our study is to provide information on the prevalence of lumbar spondylolysis and its association with SBO in three samples: 1) a sample from the general contemporary French population (CT scans from the Nord hospita…
Enthesopathies as occupational stress markers
Enthesopathies—that is, “musculo‐skeletal stress markers”—are frequently used to reconstruct past lifestyles and activity patterns. Relatively little attention has been paid in physical anthropology to methodological gaps implicit in this approach: almost all methods previously employed neglect current medical insights into enthesopathies and the distinction between healthy and pathological aspects has been arbitrary. This study presents a new vi…
Connaissances médicales actuelles, cotation des enthésopathies
Over the last twenty years, many studies have used enthesopathies as an indicator of the behaviour of past populations. However, in these works, the distinction between healthy and pathological aspects has been arbitrary. Moreover the lack of standardised observation methods exacerbates this problem and limits the comparison between different studies. The aim of this study is to propose a new method of studying enthesopathies based on present med…
Understanding Entheseal Changes
Over the past two decades, many articles have been published on entheseal changes (usually called 'Musculoskeletal Stress Markers') as activity markers in past societies. Over-simplified methods and over-interpretation of past activities have generated strong critiques of research results in this area of enquiry. While some significant improvements regarding the recording systems for entheseal changes have been applied more recently, many bioarch…
Enthesopathies and activity patterns in the Early Medieval Great Moravian population
Bone remodelling in the areas of entheses is frequently supposed to be associated with physical stress and the activity patterns of ancient populations. The main aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of enthesopathies among individuals living in different life conditions. A total of 197 individuals from the Early Medieval (9th century) Mikulčice site were analysed for enthesopathies - 117 adult individuals from Mikulčice castle and 80 i…
The New 'Coimbra Method
This paper presents a revised version of the Coimbra method for recording fibrocartilaginous entheses. The method itself is the only biologically appropriate recording method for fibrocartilaginous entheses that scores features separately, thereby ensuring that the aetiology of individual features can be studied. The method divides the enthesis into two zones, scoring the relevant features in each zone. These features represent either bone format…
Subsistence activities and the sexual division of labor in the European Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic
Recording Specific Entheseal Changes of Fibrocartilaginous Entheses
A working group was established in 2009 during a workshop in Coimbra, Portugal to review the various methodologies used to record entheseal changes (EC) and develop a standardised system to facilitate comparisons across studies. This paper presents the first results of the Coimbra method, a new qualitative method for recording fibrocartilaginous entheses based on the types of changes observed.Materials and methods: The new method divides the enth…
The New Coimbra Method for Recording Entheseal Changes and the Effect of Age-at-Death
Entheseal changes have been widely used in anthropology to study activity patterns, but there is an increasing awareness that ageing is associated with these changes. The aim of this study was to test each feature of the new Coimbra method for its variability, side asymmetry and its relationship with age. In addition to this, an overall relationship with age was tested for a larger sample. Males 16 and over from the Coimbra skeletal collection of…
The Coimbra Workshop in Musculoskeletal Stress Markers (MSM)
The Workshop in Musculoskeletal Stress Markers (MSM): limitations and achievements in the reconstruction of past activity patterns, was held at the \nUniversity of Coimbra, in Portugal (2nd – 3rd July 2009). The chief goal of the \norganizing committee was to provide a productive environment where researchers could discuss the methodologies and terminology employed for the study of MSM \nas well as assessing how well these enthesopathies serve as…
Training and interobserver reliability in qualitative scoring of skeletal samples
Inferences on Sicilian Mesolithic subsistence patterns from cross-sectional geometry and entheseal changes
The rediscovery of two Upper Palaeolithic skeletons from Baousso da Torre cave (Liguria‐Italy)
International audience
Étude anthropologique des vestiges humains récemment découverts issus de la couche 2 de l'abri Pataud (Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil, Dordogne, France)
The Abri Pataud, located in the village of Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil (Dordogne, France), was excavated in the 1950s and 1960s, and new excavations have been carried out since 2005. More than 400 human remains, the only examples known for the Final Gravettian in Europe, were found in the layer 2. This paper presents the morphological characteristics of 62 recently discovered human remains. These remains fall well within the Gravettian variabilit…
The chronology of human and animal presence in the decorated and sepulchral cave of Cussac (France)
External auditory exostoses and prehistoric aquatic resource procurement
The effect of age on entheseal changes
Entheseal changes (EC) are frequent in older individuals, and age at death is the main variable explaining the distribution of EC stages in adult skeletal samples. While this is already well known, the underlying process has not been studied in biological anthropology to date. The aim of the article is to describe the relationship between age and stages of EC in detail for 30 appendicular entheses in a large sample of adult skeletons (N = 721) wi…
Technical note
For reconstructing physical activity in the past, the surfaces of bones where muscles and ligaments attach, “entheses,” are routinely studied. Previous research has introduced an experimentally validated virtual approach for reconstructing habitual activity based on entheses. The present study relies on this virtual method to further investigate the effects of various biological factors on entheses, including variation by ancestry. Our skeletal s…
Que reste-t-il des Hommes de Cro-Magnon 150 ans après leur découverte
La découverte de fossiles humains à Cro-Magnon (Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil, Dordogne, France) a chamboulé les disciplines scientifiques naissantes qu'étaient alors l'anthropologie biologique et la préhistoire. Sont présentés dans cet article quelques aspects de ce bouleversement et l'importance, pour la communauté scientifique actuelle, des vestiges humains de Cro-Magnon 150 ans après leur mise au jour
In situ study of the G ravettian individual from C ussac cave, locus 2 ( D ordogne, F rance)
OBJECTIVES: Cussac cave, discovered in 2000, is characterized by the exceptional presence of monumental engravings and human remains deposited in bear nests. Both the style of the art and a direct radiocarbon date indicate a Gravettian age. As the cave is protected as a national heritage site, only very limited access to and restricted direct interventions involving the human remains are possible. Here, we present the results of observations and …
Probable carpometacarpal and tarsal coalition from Baousso da Torre Cave (Italy)
Le barrage de Tolerme, mis en eau en mars 1990, cree un plan d'eau touristique de 40 ha. Il est constitue d'une digue principale de 17,5 m et d'une digue de col haute de 11 m. Le cout a ete optimise par le choix de barrages en enrochements avec etancheite centrale par paroi moulee. Les crues sont evacuees grace a un deversoir de surface, le vide d'emprunt de la carriere etant utilise comme fosse de reception.(A) (Titres en anglais et en allemand:…
Disentangling Cro-Magnon
New Insights into Activity-Related Functional Bone Adaptations and Alterations in Neolithic Liguria (Northwestern Italy)
This study offers a combined analysis of longbone mechanical properties (cross-sectional geometry, CSG), upper-limb enthesopathies (entheseal changes, ECs), and external auditory exostoses (EAEs) among Neolithic people from Liguria (Italy). Previous CSG studies have suggested a high degree of mobility in mountainous terrain and sexual dimorphism in the upper limbs, with males being more oriented toward unimanual activities and females performing …
Evidence for previously unknown mortuary practices in the Southwest of France (Fournol, Lot) during the Gravettian
Atteintes pathologiques de Nazlet Khater 2 et activité minière au début du Paléolithique supérieur en Egypte
The Nazlet Khater 2 (NK 2) skeleton, discovered in 1980 in Egypt, constitutes the oldest early Upper Palaeolithic modern human remains from North Africa. The association of this individual with the mining site of Nazlet Khater 4 (NK 4) provides a unique opportunity to understand the arthritis and enthesopathy lesions of this individual within a well-defined archaeological context. After elimination of the most frequent causes of enthesopathy and …
The Cro-Magnon babies
Connaissances médicales actuelles, cotation des enthésopathies
Over the last twenty years, many studies have used enthesopathies as an indicator of the behaviour of past populations. However, in these works, the distinction between healthy and pathological aspects has been arbitrary. Moreover the lack of standardised observation methods exacerbates this problem and limits the comparison between different studies. The aim of this study is to propose a new method of studying enthesopathies based on present med…
Atteintes pathologiques de Nazlet Khater 2 et activité minière au début du Paléolithique supérieur en Egypte
The Nazlet Khater 2 (NK 2) skeleton, discovered in 1980 in Egypt, constitutes the oldest early Upper Palaeolithic modern human remains from North Africa. The association of this individual with the mining site of Nazlet Khater 4 (NK 4) provides a unique opportunity to understand the arthritis and enthesopathy lesions of this individual within a well-defined archaeological context. After elimination of the most frequent causes of enthesopathy and …
Maladie hyperostosique et mode de vie
Within the framework of paleopathological studies, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is sometimes associated with a particular way of life, especially with an overly rich diet. Medical data upon which this interpretation is based are discussed. The prevalence of DISH was evaluated in a sample of 305 adults from a convent cemetery. Eight proven cases and two probable cases of the disease were diagnosed. The influence of age could be …
Enthésopathies et activités des hommes préhistoriques: Recherche méthodologique et application aux fossiles européens du Paléolithique supérieur et du Mésolithique
An in-depth study of lesions of muscle insertion sites on bone (enthesopathies) in recent and fossilised human skeletons. The work contributes to the field of anthropology in three ways. The author presents a new method of scoring enthesopathies that takes into account variation in muscle attachment site histology and morphology with a system that may well become the new standard for studying enthesopathies in prehistoric and recent populations. …
Some remarks about femoroacetabular impingement and osseous non-metric variations of the proximal femur
Femoroacetabular impingement is a condition of repeated contact between the acetabular rim and the femoral head-neck junction. Impingement arises as a result of abnormal morphological features involving the proximal femur (cam type) or the acetabulum (pincer type). This note illustrates the usefulness of current medical understandings of osseous modifications associated with the cam-effect in order to achieve a better understanding of osseous non…
Remodelages des enthèses fibrocartilagineuses dans les spondylarthropathies inflammatoires l'exemple du cimetière du couvent des Sœurs Grises de Beauvais (Oise), XVe-XVIIIe siècles
The spondyloarthropathies are a group of related conditions which have in common genetic factors, clinical features and a specific pathological target: the enthesis. Recent medical data point out the enthesopathies in spondyloarthropathies would differ from those caused by degenerative processes, being characterized by erosive lesions leading secondarily to an ossification. In order to evaluate the validity of these assumptions on the osteologica…
Enthesopathies as occupational stress markers
Enthesopathies—that is, “musculo‐skeletal stress markers”—are frequently used to reconstruct past lifestyles and activity patterns. Relatively little attention has been paid in physical anthropology to methodological gaps implicit in this approach: almost all methods previously employed neglect current medical insights into enthesopathies and the distinction between healthy and pathological aspects has been arbitrary. This study presents a new vi…
The rediscovery of two Upper Palaeolithic skeletons from Baousso da Torre cave (Liguria‐Italy)
International audience
Subsistence activities and the sexual division of labor in the European Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic
Bioarchaeology's Holy Grail
International audience
Baastrup's sign (kissing spines)
The Coimbra Workshop in Musculoskeletal Stress Markers (MSM)
The Workshop in Musculoskeletal Stress Markers (MSM): limitations and achievements in the reconstruction of past activity patterns, was held at the \nUniversity of Coimbra, in Portugal (2nd – 3rd July 2009). The chief goal of the \norganizing committee was to provide a productive environment where researchers could discuss the methodologies and terminology employed for the study of MSM \nas well as assessing how well these enthesopathies serve as…
Probable carpometacarpal and tarsal coalition from Baousso da Torre Cave (Italy)
Le barrage de Tolerme, mis en eau en mars 1990, cree un plan d'eau touristique de 40 ha. Il est constitue d'une digue principale de 17,5 m et d'une digue de col haute de 11 m. Le cout a ete optimise par le choix de barrages en enrochements avec etancheite centrale par paroi moulee. Les crues sont evacuees grace a un deversoir de surface, le vide d'emprunt de la carriere etant utilise comme fosse de reception.(A) (Titres en anglais et en allemand:…
Enthesopathies and activity patterns in the Early Medieval Great Moravian population
Bone remodelling in the areas of entheses is frequently supposed to be associated with physical stress and the activity patterns of ancient populations. The main aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of enthesopathies among individuals living in different life conditions. A total of 197 individuals from the Early Medieval (9th century) Mikulčice site were analysed for enthesopathies - 117 adult individuals from Mikulčice castle and 80 i…
Approche méthodologique pour distinguer un ensemble lésionnel fiable de la pratique cavalière. Exemple du squelette de la tombe 11 du site de « La Tuilerie » à Saint-Dizier (Haute-Marne), vi e siècle
En archéologie, la pratique cavalière est abordée à partir de sources iconographiques ou écrites, de vestiges matériels (mors, éperons et étriers), d'ossements de chevaux et, parfois, de vestiges humains. En anthropologie biologique, plusieurs marqueurs osseux de cette pratique (parfois regroupés sous l'intitulé « syndrome du cavalier ») ont été reconnus. Toutefois, l'analyse des marqueurs osseux d'activité (MOA) nécessite le respect de règles mé…
The Collective Research Project “Cussac Cave” (Dordogne, France)
Following the discovery of Cussac Cave (Le Buisson-de-Cadouin, Dordogne) in 2000 and its expertise by a first group of researchers (N. Aujoulat and collaborators), the services of the Ministry of Culture adopted a rigorous heritage policy to protect the cave, ensure its security and to acquire the property on which it is located in order to create an archaeological reserve that would be the property of the State. Environmental studies of the enti…
Le projet collectif de recherche « grotte de Cussac » (Dordogne, France)
Recording Specific Entheseal Changes of Fibrocartilaginous Entheses
A working group was established in 2009 during a workshop in Coimbra, Portugal to review the various methodologies used to record entheseal changes (EC) and develop a standardised system to facilitate comparisons across studies. This paper presents the first results of the Coimbra method, a new qualitative method for recording fibrocartilaginous entheses based on the types of changes observed.Materials and methods: The new method divides the enth…
Understanding Entheseal Changes
Over the past two decades, many articles have been published on entheseal changes (usually called 'Musculoskeletal Stress Markers') as activity markers in past societies. Over-simplified methods and over-interpretation of past activities have generated strong critiques of research results in this area of enquiry. While some significant improvements regarding the recording systems for entheseal changes have been applied more recently, many bioarch…
Palaeopathological diagnosis of spondyloarthropathies
In palaeopathology, the diagnosis of spondyloarthropathies traditionally relies on the association of three types of skeletal lesions: erosive and proliferative modifications of the sacroiliac joint, formation of vertebral syndesmophytes and erosive and proliferative changes in peripheral joints. These conditions can therefore be recognised only in well-preserved skeletons that exhibit the most typical pattern of lesions. In order to develop addi…
“I sing of arms and of a man…”
In situ study of the G ravettian individual from C ussac cave, locus 2 ( D ordogne, F rance)
OBJECTIVES: Cussac cave, discovered in 2000, is characterized by the exceptional presence of monumental engravings and human remains deposited in bear nests. Both the style of the art and a direct radiocarbon date indicate a Gravettian age. As the cave is protected as a national heritage site, only very limited access to and restricted direct interventions involving the human remains are possible. Here, we present the results of observations and …
External auditory exostoses and prehistoric aquatic resource procurement
Présentation de l’enquête 2014 concernant la Société d’Anthropologie de Paris (SAP)
International audience
Ouvrages
Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (50 works) · Geography (35 works) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (34 works) · Archaeology (28 works) · Medicine (27 works) · Art (22 works) · Humanities (22 works) · Biology (18 works) · Paleopathology and ancient diseases (17 works) · Anatomy (16 works)