Paul K Drain

Biographic Data

ID5490722
NAMEPaul K Drain
GIVEN NAMESPaul K
FAMILY NAMEDrain
SIGNATUREDRAIN P K
AFFILIATIONSUniversity of Washington
ORCID0000-0003-3300-3817
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS19
TOTAL CITATIONS1
AUTHOR COUNT19
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR2015
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2026
H-INDEX1

  • Point-of-care HIV viral load testing in a community antiretroviral therapy delivery programme

    Open AccessJienchi Dorward, Kwena Tlhaku et al.ARTICLEPLOS Global Public Health2026

    Community antiretroviral therapy (ART) delivery programmes allow people with HIV (PWH) to collect treatment nearer to home instead of from clinics. However, delays in laboratory-based viral load (VL) testing can prevent timely community ART prescription renewals. We aimed to determine if clinic point-of-care VL testing could expedite community ART prescription renewals within the Centralised Chronic Medication Dispensing and Distribution programm…

  • Acceptability and perspectives on clinic-based urine tenofovir testing for antiretroviral therapy adherence monitoring

    Ashley R Bardon, Ashley Bardon et al.ARTICLEAIDS Care2026

    Real-time, urine tenofovir testing may allow for clinic-based monitoring of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). We aimed to assess (1) the acceptability of monthly point-of-care urine tenofovir testing over the first five months following ART initiation and (2) perspectives on the implementation of point-of-care urine tenofovir testing among people living with HIV (PLWH) and healthcare providers participating in a randomized controlled tri…

  • Household healthcare seeking patterns for emergent ill-health in Migori, Western Kenya

    Open AccessZachary A Kwena, Zachary Kwena et al.ARTICLEFrontiers in Public Health2025

    Background Healthcare-seeking decisions reflect personal assessments of illness etiology and severity to determine whether, how, and where to seek care. Understanding these contexts enables targeted interventions to address barriers and ensure timely access to quality services. We examined patterns of household healthcare seeking for emergent ill-health in Western Kenya. Methods As part of a multi-site mixed-methods study evaluating a patient-cen…

  • Association of race, ethnicity, and housing stability with Covid-19 testing method by investigators in underserved populations 2020–2023

    Open AccessEdwin Wilbur Woodhouse, Timothy Veldman et al.ARTICLEFrontiers in Public Health2025

    Background Expanding SARS-CoV-2 testing was a critical part of community-based health efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the RADx-UP consortium, a large NIH-funded network of community-engaged researchers in the United States, investigators were able to choose between PCR- and antigen-based testing strategies in community-based research settings. Data analyzing how COVID-19 diagnostics are chosen and utilized in research of vulnerable and u…

  • “It's not about me. It's about what's best for my community”

    Open AccessLina Truong, Alexandra K Adams et al.ARTICLEThe Journal of Rural Health2025

    PURPOSE: While SARS-CoV-2 significantly impacts rural Native American and Latino communities, COVID-19 vaccines offer an effective and safe mitigation strategy. Vaccine uptake is disproportionately lower in rural communities than in urban communities across the nation. This study examined barriers and motivators of COVID-19 vaccine uptake in two Native American and Latino rural agricultural communities in eastern Washington and Montana. METHODS: …

  • Urine lipoarabinomannan concentrations among HIV-negative adults with pulmonary or extrapulmonary tuberculosis disease in Vietnam

    Open AccessHoa Binh Nguyen, Mark Fajans et al.ARTICLEPLOS Global Public Health2024

    Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a promising target biomarker for diagnosing subclinical and clinical tuberculosis (TB). Urine LAM (uLAM) testing using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) has been approved for people living with HIV (PLWH), however there is limited data regarding uLAM levels in HIV-negative (HIV-ve) adults with clinical TB. We conducted a clinical study of adults presenting with clinical TB-related symptoms at the National Lung Hospital in H…

  • Artificial Intelligence-based automated CT brain interpretation to accelerate treatment for acute stroke in rural India

    Open AccessJusty Antony Chiramal, Jacob Johnson et al.ARTICLEPLOS Global Public Health2024

    In resource-limited settings, timely treatment of acute stroke is dependent upon accurate diagnosis that draws on non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) scans of the head. Artificial Intelligence (AI) based devices may be able to assist non-specialist physicians in NCCT interpretation, thereby enabling faster interventions for acute stroke patients in these settings. We evaluated the impact of an AI device by comparing the time to intervention (…

  • Critical lessons from a pragmatic randomized trial of home‐based Covid‐19 testing in rural Native American and Latino communities

    Open AccessEliza Webber, Sonia Bishop et al.ARTICLEThe Journal of Rural Health2024

    PURPOSE: Native Americans and Latinos have higher COVID-19 infection and mortality rates and may have limited access to diagnostic testing. Home-based testing may improve access to care in rural and underserved populations. This study tests the effect of community health worker (CHW) support on accessibility, feasibility, and completion of COVID-19 home testing among Native American and Latino adults living on the Flathead Reservation in Montana …

  • Intimate Partner Violence and HIV Outcomes Among Women Living with HIV in Durban, South Africa

    Open AccessSheila O Ojeaburu, Jienchi Dorward et al.ARTICLEAIDS and Behavior2024

    We examined the impact of past-year intimate partner violence (IPV) on HIV outcomes among women living with HIV (WLHIV) in Durban, South Africa. We assessed past-year IPV using the WHO Violence Against Women Questionnaire. We conducted logistic regression to assess associations between demographic variables and IPV at baseline, and between IPV at baseline and longitudinal HIV outcomes. Among 235 WLHIV, 17% reported past-year emotional, physical, …

  • An agricultural community’s perspectives on Covid-19 testing to support safe school reopening

    Open AccessMagaly Ramirez, Sonia Bishop et al.ARTICLEFrontiers in Public Health2023

    Introduction: School-based COVID-19 testing may be an effective strategy for reducing transmission in schools and keeping schools open. The study objective was to examine community perspectives on school-based COVID-19 testing as a mitigation strategy to support safe school reopening. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study in Yakima County, an agricultural region of Washington state, where over half of residents are Hispanic/Latino. From June …

  • Factors influencing Covid-19 testing among Native Americans and Latinos in two rural agricultural communities

    Open AccessDillon Van Rensburg, Alexandra K Adams et al.ARTICLEFrontiers in Public Health2023

    Objective: To examine factors influencing decisions to test for COVID-19 among Native Americans on the Flathead Reservation in Montana and the Latino community in the Yakima Valley of Washington state. Methods: We conducted 30 key informant interviews with community leaders and six focus groups with community members to examine factors impacting decisions to test for COVID-19 during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic from May 2021 to June 2…

  • A Call to Improve Usability, Accuracy, and Equity of Self-Testing for Covid-19 and Other Rapid Diagnostic Tests

    Open AccessPaul K Drain, Alexandra K Adams et al.ARTICLEHealth Equity2023

    The increasing availability of rapid diagnostic self-tests (RDSTs) for COVID-19 has played an important and increasing role during the pandemic. However, for many underserved communities, RDSTs potential benefits are offset by problems with usability, accuracy, and equity. Given the increased need for and interest in home testing for acute and chronic diseases, including COVID-19, this piece offers ways that regulatory agencies, federal public he…

  • Symbolic and anticipated HIV stigma are associated with mental health and education in South Africa

    Open AccessMegan F Meyer, Caitlin A Moe et al.ARTICLEAIDS Care2023

    HIV stigma continues to act as a barrier to HIV care in South Africa, necessitating further research on the intersections of socioeconomic factors and the anticipation and expression of stigma surrounding HIV. We measured the prevalence of HIV-related stigma and evaluated factors associated with symbolic and anticipated stigma in Umlazi Township, South Africa from 2013 to 2019, using a validated HIV stigma scale, before undergoing HIV testing. Am…

  • Food Insecurity at HIV Diagnosis Associated with Subsequent Viremia Amongst Adults Living with HIV in an Urban Township of South Africa

    Open AccessNaomi T Nkinsi, Sean R Galagan et al.ARTICLEAIDS and Behavior2023

  • Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) for Global Health

    Open AccessDavid R Steeb, Tina Brock et al.ARTICLEAcademic Medicine2021

    PURPOSE: As global health education and training shift toward competency-based approaches, academic institutions and organizations must define appropriate assessment strategies for use across health professions. The authors aim to develop entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for global health to apply across academic and workplace settings. METHOD: In 2019, the authors invited 55 global health experts from medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and p…

  • Persistence of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among adolescent girls and young women initiating PrEP for HIV prevention in Kenya

    Jean De Dieu Tapsoba, Sahar Z Zangeneh et al.ARTICLEAIDS Care2021

    The Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Mentored, and Safe (DREAMS) Initiative aims to reduce HIV infections among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in Africa. Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is offered through DREAMS in Kenya to eligible AGYW in high burden counties including Kisumu and Homa Bay. This study examines PrEP persistence among AGYW in high burden community-based PrEP delivery settings. We evaluated PrEP persistenc…

  • Tuberculosis-related stigma among adults presenting for HIV testing in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

    Open AccessKristina L Bajema, Rachel W Kubiak et al.ARTICLEBMC Public Health2020

    Male sex and TB knowledge were associated with higher TB stigma in an outpatient HIV clinic in a South African township. Identifying risk factors associated with stigma will be important to guide stigma reduction interventions

  • Social support and mental health among adults prior to HIV counseling and testing in Durban, South Africa

    Paul K Drain, Elena Losina et al.ARTICLEAIDS Care2015

    Poor social support and mental health may be important modifiable risk factors for HIV acquisition, but they have not been evaluated prior to HIV testing in South Africa. We sought to describe self-perceived mental health and social support and to characterize their independent correlates among adults who presented for voluntary HIV testing in Durban. We conducted a large cross-sectional study of adults (≥18 years of age) who presented for HIV co…

  • Implications of Repealing the Cuban Embargo for US Medicine and Public Health

    Paul K DrainARTICLEAmerican Journal of Public Health2015Cited by: 1References: 2

    The author reflects on the potential impacts that the American government's repeal of a Cuban embargo might have on U.S. medicine and public health as of 2015, and it mentions the medical research that various Cuban researchers have been carrying out regarding vaccines and preventive medicines. It states that Cuba's Finlay Institute has developed inexpensive hepatitis B virus vaccines. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration and Cuban-American dipl…