T Tsutaya
Biographic Data
| ID | 55228 |
|---|---|
| NAME | T Tsutaya |
| GIVEN NAMES | T |
| FAMILY NAME | Tsutaya |
| SIGNATURE | TSUTAYA T |
| AFFILIATIONS | The University of Tokyo |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5104-5223 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 32 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 109 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 32 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2013 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Dietary reconstruction of individual premodern commoners in Osaka, Japan, through the palaeoproteomic analysis of human dental calculus
Food systems is an analytical framework developed in agricultural economics that encompasses the entire process from food production, processing, distribution, preparation, to consumption. In archaeology, the distinction between food supply, which indicates the presence of food resources within a region, and accessibility, which reflects the extent to which individuals could actually obtain these resources, potentially enables a more nuanced reco…
Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotopic Profiling of Chimpanzees and Monkeys in Kalinzu Forest Reserve, Uganda
Stable isotope analysis is a widely used tool in primate ecology for investigating diet and environment, with numerous studies focusing on chimpanzees. However, few studies have used this method to explore the dietary niche of chimpanzees in comparison to other primates or examined intra‐individual dietary variability. This limitation hinders the understanding of the comparability of stable isotopic data with the wealth of behavioral observationa…
From bones to sediments
Most ancient human bones degrade and eventually disappear over time, especially in regions with acidic soils, making it challenging to obtain genetic information from past populations. As a consequence, there is currently an overrepresentation of ancient human data for certain regions of the world in contrast to others. To explore alternative sources, we analyzed ancient DNA from sediment samples collected from a burial site and a settlement site…
Author response of
A recommendation of: Joannes A. A. Dekker, Carli Peters, Rachel M. Winter, Matthew J. Collins, Marc R. Dickinson, Virginia L. Harvey, Eden Hill, Bharath Nair, Takumi Tsutaya, Laura C. Viñas- Caron, Christina Warinner, Frido Welker, Zandra Fagernäs Open science, communication, and collaboration for the future of palaeoproteomics https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15546095
Retrospective isotope analysis of ancient remains to distinguish between tamed and wild animals
The origin and process of the domestication of wild animals have long fascinated scientists. However, there are no reliable methods to distinguish between tamed and wild animals. Here, we present a new method to identify tamed and wild juvenile brown bears (Ursus arctos) using retrospective isotope analysis of the femur. We used femurs from the nine bear cubs and the tibia from one domesticated dog excavated from the Nijibetsu Shuwan Kumaokuriba …
Questionnaire results regarding the future vision of the Primate Society of Japan (PSJ) in 2022
The purpose of this survey was to further enhance the academic and social contributions that primatology in Japan has made to date by identifying the current needs of Primate Society of Japan (PSJ) members and what is needed to create an environment in which members can have open discussion
Human diet of premodern mainland Japan
The development of the modern industrialized food production system has resulted in a homogeneous human diet worldwide. However, it is not clear whether a developed food production system led to a homogenized human diet also in ancient societies. Due to the lack of large archaeological datasets, we know little about the chronological trends and ancient circumstances of dietary homoge-nization. Here we compiled carbon and nitrogen stable isotope r…
A review of the spread and habitat of the genus Homo
アジア東部は更新世の後半においてホモ属の多様性が高かった地域であり,ホモ・エレクトス,ホモ・フロレシエンシス,ホモ・ルゾネンシスなど様々なホモ属が生息していた。また,デニソワ洞窟の指骨の古代DNA分析から同定されたデニソワ人や,中期–後期更新世に中国地域に生息していた様々なホミニン,台湾沖の海底から見つかった澎湖人など,他の種との系統関係が不明なものもある。一方で,ホモ・サピエンスは21–6万年前頃と6万年前以降にアフリカから他の地域へと拡散し,アジア東部へと到達した。多様なホモ属とホモ・サピエンスはアジア東部で共存していたのだろうか。本研究では,ネアンデルタール人やホモ・サピエンスも含め,アジア東部において様々なホモ属が,どの地域にいつ生息していたのかに焦点を当て,特に人類化石の出土している遺跡について,現時点で最新の知見をレビューする。また,化石記録だけでなく,デニソワ人やネアンデルタール人,ホモ・サピエンスの遺伝的情報や拡散時期などに関しても概説し,現時点での知見を整理する。最後に…
Reconstruction of diachronic changes in human fishing activity and marine ecosystems from carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of archaeological fish remains
Survey report on the current activity of research and education of anthropology by the members of the Anthropological Society of Nippon in 2021
日本の学会や学術研究を取り巻く状況は年々厳しくなっている。そうした状況に適切に対処していくための基礎データを得る目的で,2021年8–9月に,日本人類学会の会員に対してウェブ調査を実施した。(1)会員の職位による研究活動や教育活動の状況,(2)科研費小区分「自然人類学」に対する意識と申請状況,(3)会員の科研費審査への関与状況,(4)自然人類学の下支えのための方策についてのアンケートに対し,会員の23%にあたる123件の有効回答があった。分析の結果,任期の定めのない常勤職では研究・教育活動に割ける時間的余裕が圧倒的に不足している,有期雇用者(ポスドク,テニュアトラック,非常勤講師など)は研究活動に際して専門的な設備やフィールドにアクセスしづらく所属組織からの理解も得づらい,学生では研究に対する意欲を維持しづらい,という回答傾向があった。科研費小区分に「自然人類学」があるほうがよいと答えた回答者の割合は75%だったが,過去5年間以内に研究代表者として「自然人類学」に科研費を申請したことがあ…
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic offsets between diet and hair/feces in captive orangutans
Blurred time resolution of tooth dentin serial sections
OBJECTIVES: The growth of tooth dentin is incremental, so its formation represents a dietary record in early life. With archeological skeletons, applying sequential stable isotope analysis to the horizontal sections of tooth dentin has revealed weaning patterns and dietary changes that took place during childhood. However, the assignment of ages to dentin serial sections (DSSs) is problematic due to the changing extension rate and oblique growth …
Applications of mass spectrometry-based proteomics in archaeology and palaeoanthropology
従来の免疫的な手法によるタンパク質の検出と異なり,質量分析を利用したタンパク質の分析は,微量のタンパク質も検出でき,誤同定の恐れが小さく,処理能力が高く,未知のタンパク質を網羅的に解析できるという利点をもつ。2010年代以降,考古・人類学的な資料として学術的意味をもつ生物遺物体に存在する過去のタンパク質を,質量分析計を用いてハイスループットまたは網羅的に分析する古代プロテオミクスの研究が盛んになってきた。こうした古代プロテオミクスの手法は,特定のタンパク質のスペクトルパターンから分類群を判別するペプチドマスフィンガープリンティング(ZooMSなど)と,試料中に存在するタンパク質を網羅的に同定するショットガンプロテオミクスに分類できる。現在行なわれている古代プロテオミクスの研究は,生物試料の分類群の判別と系統推定,遺伝情報の推定,有機物の同定,生理状態をあらわすタンパク質の検出,食性の推定,という5つのカテゴリーに大別できる。質量分析によるプロテオミクスに一般的な問題や,過去の試料を分析す…
Societal perceptions and lived experience
OBJECTIVES: A change in how children were treated and valued occurred in premodern Japan, as popularized ideas of an inheritance-based family system led to more careful and affectionate child-rearing practices by lower social-status groups. A number of books were written, advising that breastfeeding should last approximately 3 years. The objective of this study is to reconstruct and compare breastfeeding and weaning practices before and after the…
Carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotopic reconstruction of human diet in a mountainous woodland village in Sendaiji in premodern Japan
The reconstruction of everyday diets in villages is important for understanding the diversity of diets and commerce networks of food items in premodern Japan.However, premodern diets in villages have not been well studied compared with those in cities.In this study, stable isotope analyses were performed on 23 adult human skeletons excavated from Sendaiji, a mountainous woodland village of underground Christians in Osaka in premodern Japan.No sig…
Effects of lipid extraction and different collagen extraction methods on archaeological fish bones and its implications for fish bone diagenesis
Additional descriptions provided with Twitter and blog for exhibited items in an anthropological and prehistoric archaeological exhibition in a museum
人類学・先史考古学の教育普及において博物館展示は特に有効だが,展示解説には常にさまざまな制約があり,さらに興味を抱いた来館者に対して効果的に展示を補足する工夫が求められる。既存のウェブサービスを活用すれば,大きなコストやスキルを必要とせずに,博物館展示を補足する解説システムを構築できる。本稿では,東京大学総合研究博物館の2009–2013年の人類学・先史考古学を扱った常設展示「キュラトリアル・グラフィティ―学術標本の表現」において実施した,Twitterやブログを利用した展示解説の取り組みについて報告する。2011年9月から2013年5月までの21ヶ月間に,ふたつのシステムを比較し,利用者にアンケートをとって解析した。その結果,以下の3点が明らかになった。(1)来館者の所持する携帯電話端末から閲覧できる展示解説は,多数の来館者から利用を希望されていたものの,モバイル通信ネットワーク経由で接続することを前提としたシステムでは,提供する情報量を絞り,軽量性を重視することも重要である。(2)2…
Post‐weaning diet in archaeological human populations
Objectives Childhood is a unique stage in human life history, in which subadults have completed their weaning process but are still dependent on older individuals for survival. Although the importance of food provisioning during childhood has been intensively discussed, childhood diet in the past has rarely been studied in a systematic manner. Methods In this study, a meta‐analysis of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of post‐weaning chil…
Isotopic comparison of gelatin extracted from bone powder with that from bone chunk and development of a framework for comparison of different extraction methods
Isotopic evidence of breastfeeding and weaning practices in a hunter–gatherer population during the Late/Final Jomon period in eastern Japan
Association between sex inequality in animal protein intake and economic development in the P apua N ew G uinea highlands
OBJECTIVES: People in the Papua New Guinea Highlands consume sweet potatoes as their dietary staple; consumption of animal protein is limited. In such societies with marginal protein intake, the intra-household allocation of animal protein in terms of sex or age is of importance. The objective of this study was to investigate how the allocation pattern of protein-rich foods by sex and age is associated with economic development in the Papua New G…
From cradle to grave
The life history of a female individual skeleton (ST61) from the Edo period (AD 1603–1868) was investigated by using multi-tissue and multi-isotope analyses. Her gravestone and historical documents revealed that ST61 was a grandmother of a chief retainer of the Akashi clan who died in 1732 aged 77 years. Radiocarbon and sulfur stable isotope analyses indicated that the contribution of marine foods to the ST61 diet was relatively low (17.2% protei…
Reconstruction of breastfeeding and weaning practices using stable isotope and trace element analyses
Biogeochemical methods using stable isotopes and trace elements have been increasingly developed and applied to reconstruct modern and ancient breastfeeding and weaning practices of mammals, including humans, because they offer direct proxies for the dietary intake of subadults. Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isotopes have been used to evaluate breast milk lipid, protein, and water intake, respectively. Carbon and sulfur isotopes have been used to …
Weaning age in an expanding population
Objective : The Okhotsk people were sedentary hunter–gatherer–fishers who lived and prospered in Sakhalin, Hokkaido, and the Kurile Islands during the 5th to 13th centuries AD. They expanded rapidly along the northeastern coast of Hokkaido. We reconstructed infant feeding practices of the Moyoro population of the Okhotsk culture in eastern Hokkaido, Japan. Methods : Stable isotope ratios in 58 subadult human skeletons were measured. Results : The…
Infant feeding practice in medieval J apan
A longer breastfeeding duration provides various positive effects in subadult health because of abundant immunological factors and nutrients in human breast milk, and decreases the natural fertility of a population through lactational amenorrhea. In this study, we measured stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in the bone collagen of three adults and 45 subadults from the Yuigahama‐minami site (from 12th to 14th century) in Kamakura, the earl…
Carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of human and dog diet in the Okhotsk culture
The Okhotsk people were sedentary hunter-gatherer-fishers who lived and prospered in Sakhalin, Hokkaido, and the Kurile Islands during the fifth–thirteenth centuries AD. They expanded rapidly along the north-eastern coast of Hokkaido where archaeological evidence suggests an increasing dependence on hunting marine mammals. In this study, we present the results of carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of 18 faunal (including two domesticated dogs) …
Post‐weaning diet in archaeological human populations
Objectives Childhood is a unique stage in human life history, in which subadults have completed their weaning process but are still dependent on older individuals for survival. Although the importance of food provisioning during childhood has been intensively discussed, childhood diet in the past has rarely been studied in a systematic manner. Methods In this study, a meta‐analysis of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of post‐weaning chil…
Isotopic evidence of breastfeeding and weaning practices in a hunter–gatherer population during the Late/Final Jomon period in eastern Japan
Stable isotopic reconstructions of adult diets and infant feeding practices during urbanization of the city of Edo in 17th century Japan
The urbanization of the city of Edo, the capital of premodern Japan, has been assumed to be not as a result of natural increase but that of in‐migration although this assumption has never been verified. To obtain information on natural fertility in Edo, we analyzed stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in 46 adult and 84 subadult human skeletons excavated from the Hitotsubashi site (1657–1683 AD: the early Edo period), Tokyo, Japan and reconstructe…
The diet of townspeople in the city of Edo
Individual dietary differences (e.g. sex, age, period, and region) among townspeople during the Edo period are unclear, although the historical literature describes the general dietary menu. We applied carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses to 103 adult human skeletons excavated from the Ikenohata-Shichikencho site of the Edo period (late 17th to late 19th century AD) in Japan to investigate individual dietary differences among townspeople i…
Blurred time resolution of tooth dentin serial sections
OBJECTIVES: The growth of tooth dentin is incremental, so its formation represents a dietary record in early life. With archeological skeletons, applying sequential stable isotope analysis to the horizontal sections of tooth dentin has revealed weaning patterns and dietary changes that took place during childhood. However, the assignment of ages to dentin serial sections (DSSs) is problematic due to the changing extension rate and oblique growth …
From cradle to grave
The life history of a female individual skeleton (ST61) from the Edo period (AD 1603–1868) was investigated by using multi-tissue and multi-isotope analyses. Her gravestone and historical documents revealed that ST61 was a grandmother of a chief retainer of the Akashi clan who died in 1732 aged 77 years. Radiocarbon and sulfur stable isotope analyses indicated that the contribution of marine foods to the ST61 diet was relatively low (17.2% protei…
Weaning age in an expanding population
Objective : The Okhotsk people were sedentary hunter–gatherer–fishers who lived and prospered in Sakhalin, Hokkaido, and the Kurile Islands during the 5th to 13th centuries AD. They expanded rapidly along the northeastern coast of Hokkaido. We reconstructed infant feeding practices of the Moyoro population of the Okhotsk culture in eastern Hokkaido, Japan. Methods : Stable isotope ratios in 58 subadult human skeletons were measured. Results : The…
Association between sex inequality in animal protein intake and economic development in the P apua N ew G uinea highlands
OBJECTIVES: People in the Papua New Guinea Highlands consume sweet potatoes as their dietary staple; consumption of animal protein is limited. In such societies with marginal protein intake, the intra-household allocation of animal protein in terms of sex or age is of importance. The objective of this study was to investigate how the allocation pattern of protein-rich foods by sex and age is associated with economic development in the Papua New G…
Isotopic evidence of dietary variability in subadults at the Usu-moshiri site of the Epi-Jomon culture, Japan
Isotopic comparison of gelatin extracted from bone powder with that from bone chunk and development of a framework for comparison of different extraction methods
Infant feeding practice in medieval J apan
A longer breastfeeding duration provides various positive effects in subadult health because of abundant immunological factors and nutrients in human breast milk, and decreases the natural fertility of a population through lactational amenorrhea. In this study, we measured stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in the bone collagen of three adults and 45 subadults from the Yuigahama‐minami site (from 12th to 14th century) in Kamakura, the earl…
Carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotopic reconstruction of human diet in a mountainous woodland village in Sendaiji in premodern Japan
The reconstruction of everyday diets in villages is important for understanding the diversity of diets and commerce networks of food items in premodern Japan.However, premodern diets in villages have not been well studied compared with those in cities.In this study, stable isotope analyses were performed on 23 adult human skeletons excavated from Sendaiji, a mountainous woodland village of underground Christians in Osaka in premodern Japan.No sig…
Retrospective isotope analysis of ancient remains to distinguish between tamed and wild animals
The origin and process of the domestication of wild animals have long fascinated scientists. However, there are no reliable methods to distinguish between tamed and wild animals. Here, we present a new method to identify tamed and wild juvenile brown bears (Ursus arctos) using retrospective isotope analysis of the femur. We used femurs from the nine bear cubs and the tibia from one domesticated dog excavated from the Nijibetsu Shuwan Kumaokuriba …
Societal perceptions and lived experience
OBJECTIVES: A change in how children were treated and valued occurred in premodern Japan, as popularized ideas of an inheritance-based family system led to more careful and affectionate child-rearing practices by lower social-status groups. A number of books were written, advising that breastfeeding should last approximately 3 years. The objective of this study is to reconstruct and compare breastfeeding and weaning practices before and after the…
Association of protein intakes and variation of diet‐scalp hair nitrogen isotopic discrimination factor in P apua New G uinea highlanders
OBJECTIVES: We present new nitrogen isotopic discrimination factor between diets and scalp hairs (Δ(15) NHair-Diet : δ(15) NHair - δ(15) NDiet ) for indigenous residents in three communities in the Papua New Guinea Highlands who consumed various amounts and qualities of protein. The Δ(15) N is important for precise evaluation of the dietary habits of human populations; in both contemporary and traditional lifestyles. Several hypotheses have been …
Human skeletal remains of a chief-retainer family of the Akashi clan from the Unseiji site (Akashi, Japan) in the Edo period
本研究では,兵庫県明石市雲晴寺墓地から出土した明石藩家老親族の人骨1体(ST61)について,形態学,古病理学,同位体食性分析の視点から研究を行った。板碑から人骨は明石藩の家老親族であり,1732年に77歳で亡くなった女性である。本研究の結果,(1)骨から推定された性別は女性で,死亡年齢は50歳以上で,墓誌の記録を裏付けるものであった。(2)頭蓋形態を調べたところ,脳頭蓋最大長が大きく,バジオン・ブレグマ高が小さく,頭蓋長幅示数は75.3で長頭に近い中頭,また上顔部が細長いものの顔面全体が大きく,いずれの特徴も徳川将軍親族,江戸庶民,近代人とは異なっていた。(3)炭素・窒素安定同位体分析の結果,ST61の主要なタンパク質摂取源は,淡水魚,または,陸上食物と海産物の組み合わせと推定された。当時の上流階級の人骨のデータの積み重ねは今後の江戸時代人骨の研究に不可欠であるため,今回一例ではあるが基礎データの報告を行った
Quantitative Reconstruction of Weaning Ages in Archaeological Human Populations Using Bone Collagen Nitrogen Isotope Ratios and Approximate Bayesian Computation
BACKGROUND: Nitrogen isotope analysis of bone collagen has been used to reconstruct the breastfeeding practices of archaeological human populations. However, weaning ages have been estimated subjectively because of a lack of both information on subadult bone collagen turnover rates and appropriate analytical models. METHODOLOGY: Temporal changes in human subadult bone collagen turnover rates were estimated from data on tissue-level bone metabolis…
Isotopic evidence of dietary variability in subadults at the Usu-moshiri site of the Epi-Jomon culture, Japan
Human skeletal remains of a chief-retainer family of the Akashi clan from the Unseiji site (Akashi, Japan) in the Edo period
本研究では,兵庫県明石市雲晴寺墓地から出土した明石藩家老親族の人骨1体(ST61)について,形態学,古病理学,同位体食性分析の視点から研究を行った。板碑から人骨は明石藩の家老親族であり,1732年に77歳で亡くなった女性である。本研究の結果,(1)骨から推定された性別は女性で,死亡年齢は50歳以上で,墓誌の記録を裏付けるものであった。(2)頭蓋形態を調べたところ,脳頭蓋最大長が大きく,バジオン・ブレグマ高が小さく,頭蓋長幅示数は75.3で長頭に近い中頭,また上顔部が細長いものの顔面全体が大きく,いずれの特徴も徳川将軍親族,江戸庶民,近代人とは異なっていた。(3)炭素・窒素安定同位体分析の結果,ST61の主要なタンパク質摂取源は,淡水魚,または,陸上食物と海産物の組み合わせと推定された。当時の上流階級の人骨のデータの積み重ねは今後の江戸時代人骨の研究に不可欠であるため,今回一例ではあるが基礎データの報告を行った
Stable isotopic reconstructions of adult diets and infant feeding practices during urbanization of the city of Edo in 17th century Japan
The urbanization of the city of Edo, the capital of premodern Japan, has been assumed to be not as a result of natural increase but that of in‐migration although this assumption has never been verified. To obtain information on natural fertility in Edo, we analyzed stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in 46 adult and 84 subadult human skeletons excavated from the Hitotsubashi site (1657–1683 AD: the early Edo period), Tokyo, Japan and reconstructe…
Carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of human and dog diet in the Okhotsk culture
The Okhotsk people were sedentary hunter-gatherer-fishers who lived and prospered in Sakhalin, Hokkaido, and the Kurile Islands during the fifth–thirteenth centuries AD. They expanded rapidly along the north-eastern coast of Hokkaido where archaeological evidence suggests an increasing dependence on hunting marine mammals. In this study, we present the results of carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of 18 faunal (including two domesticated dogs) …
Reconstruction of breastfeeding and weaning practices using stable isotope and trace element analyses
Biogeochemical methods using stable isotopes and trace elements have been increasingly developed and applied to reconstruct modern and ancient breastfeeding and weaning practices of mammals, including humans, because they offer direct proxies for the dietary intake of subadults. Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isotopes have been used to evaluate breast milk lipid, protein, and water intake, respectively. Carbon and sulfur isotopes have been used to …
Weaning age in an expanding population
Objective : The Okhotsk people were sedentary hunter–gatherer–fishers who lived and prospered in Sakhalin, Hokkaido, and the Kurile Islands during the 5th to 13th centuries AD. They expanded rapidly along the northeastern coast of Hokkaido. We reconstructed infant feeding practices of the Moyoro population of the Okhotsk culture in eastern Hokkaido, Japan. Methods : Stable isotope ratios in 58 subadult human skeletons were measured. Results : The…
Infant feeding practice in medieval J apan
A longer breastfeeding duration provides various positive effects in subadult health because of abundant immunological factors and nutrients in human breast milk, and decreases the natural fertility of a population through lactational amenorrhea. In this study, we measured stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in the bone collagen of three adults and 45 subadults from the Yuigahama‐minami site (from 12th to 14th century) in Kamakura, the earl…
Association of protein intakes and variation of diet‐scalp hair nitrogen isotopic discrimination factor in P apua New G uinea highlanders
OBJECTIVES: We present new nitrogen isotopic discrimination factor between diets and scalp hairs (Δ(15) NHair-Diet : δ(15) NHair - δ(15) NDiet ) for indigenous residents in three communities in the Papua New Guinea Highlands who consumed various amounts and qualities of protein. The Δ(15) N is important for precise evaluation of the dietary habits of human populations; in both contemporary and traditional lifestyles. Several hypotheses have been …
The diet of townspeople in the city of Edo
Individual dietary differences (e.g. sex, age, period, and region) among townspeople during the Edo period are unclear, although the historical literature describes the general dietary menu. We applied carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses to 103 adult human skeletons excavated from the Ikenohata-Shichikencho site of the Edo period (late 17th to late 19th century AD) in Japan to investigate individual dietary differences among townspeople i…
Isotopic comparison of gelatin extracted from bone powder with that from bone chunk and development of a framework for comparison of different extraction methods
Isotopic evidence of breastfeeding and weaning practices in a hunter–gatherer population during the Late/Final Jomon period in eastern Japan
Association between sex inequality in animal protein intake and economic development in the P apua N ew G uinea highlands
OBJECTIVES: People in the Papua New Guinea Highlands consume sweet potatoes as their dietary staple; consumption of animal protein is limited. In such societies with marginal protein intake, the intra-household allocation of animal protein in terms of sex or age is of importance. The objective of this study was to investigate how the allocation pattern of protein-rich foods by sex and age is associated with economic development in the Papua New G…
From cradle to grave
The life history of a female individual skeleton (ST61) from the Edo period (AD 1603–1868) was investigated by using multi-tissue and multi-isotope analyses. Her gravestone and historical documents revealed that ST61 was a grandmother of a chief retainer of the Akashi clan who died in 1732 aged 77 years. Radiocarbon and sulfur stable isotope analyses indicated that the contribution of marine foods to the ST61 diet was relatively low (17.2% protei…
Post‐weaning diet in archaeological human populations
Objectives Childhood is a unique stage in human life history, in which subadults have completed their weaning process but are still dependent on older individuals for survival. Although the importance of food provisioning during childhood has been intensively discussed, childhood diet in the past has rarely been studied in a systematic manner. Methods In this study, a meta‐analysis of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of post‐weaning chil…
Effects of lipid extraction and different collagen extraction methods on archaeological fish bones and its implications for fish bone diagenesis
Additional descriptions provided with Twitter and blog for exhibited items in an anthropological and prehistoric archaeological exhibition in a museum
人類学・先史考古学の教育普及において博物館展示は特に有効だが,展示解説には常にさまざまな制約があり,さらに興味を抱いた来館者に対して効果的に展示を補足する工夫が求められる。既存のウェブサービスを活用すれば,大きなコストやスキルを必要とせずに,博物館展示を補足する解説システムを構築できる。本稿では,東京大学総合研究博物館の2009–2013年の人類学・先史考古学を扱った常設展示「キュラトリアル・グラフィティ―学術標本の表現」において実施した,Twitterやブログを利用した展示解説の取り組みについて報告する。2011年9月から2013年5月までの21ヶ月間に,ふたつのシステムを比較し,利用者にアンケートをとって解析した。その結果,以下の3点が明らかになった。(1)来館者の所持する携帯電話端末から閲覧できる展示解説は,多数の来館者から利用を希望されていたものの,モバイル通信ネットワーク経由で接続することを前提としたシステムでは,提供する情報量を絞り,軽量性を重視することも重要である。(2)2…
Societal perceptions and lived experience
OBJECTIVES: A change in how children were treated and valued occurred in premodern Japan, as popularized ideas of an inheritance-based family system led to more careful and affectionate child-rearing practices by lower social-status groups. A number of books were written, advising that breastfeeding should last approximately 3 years. The objective of this study is to reconstruct and compare breastfeeding and weaning practices before and after the…
Carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotopic reconstruction of human diet in a mountainous woodland village in Sendaiji in premodern Japan
The reconstruction of everyday diets in villages is important for understanding the diversity of diets and commerce networks of food items in premodern Japan.However, premodern diets in villages have not been well studied compared with those in cities.In this study, stable isotope analyses were performed on 23 adult human skeletons excavated from Sendaiji, a mountainous woodland village of underground Christians in Osaka in premodern Japan.No sig…
Blurred time resolution of tooth dentin serial sections
OBJECTIVES: The growth of tooth dentin is incremental, so its formation represents a dietary record in early life. With archeological skeletons, applying sequential stable isotope analysis to the horizontal sections of tooth dentin has revealed weaning patterns and dietary changes that took place during childhood. However, the assignment of ages to dentin serial sections (DSSs) is problematic due to the changing extension rate and oblique growth …
Applications of mass spectrometry-based proteomics in archaeology and palaeoanthropology
従来の免疫的な手法によるタンパク質の検出と異なり,質量分析を利用したタンパク質の分析は,微量のタンパク質も検出でき,誤同定の恐れが小さく,処理能力が高く,未知のタンパク質を網羅的に解析できるという利点をもつ。2010年代以降,考古・人類学的な資料として学術的意味をもつ生物遺物体に存在する過去のタンパク質を,質量分析計を用いてハイスループットまたは網羅的に分析する古代プロテオミクスの研究が盛んになってきた。こうした古代プロテオミクスの手法は,特定のタンパク質のスペクトルパターンから分類群を判別するペプチドマスフィンガープリンティング(ZooMSなど)と,試料中に存在するタンパク質を網羅的に同定するショットガンプロテオミクスに分類できる。現在行なわれている古代プロテオミクスの研究は,生物試料の分類群の判別と系統推定,遺伝情報の推定,有機物の同定,生理状態をあらわすタンパク質の検出,食性の推定,という5つのカテゴリーに大別できる。質量分析によるプロテオミクスに一般的な問題や,過去の試料を分析す…
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic offsets between diet and hair/feces in captive orangutans
A review of the spread and habitat of the genus Homo
アジア東部は更新世の後半においてホモ属の多様性が高かった地域であり,ホモ・エレクトス,ホモ・フロレシエンシス,ホモ・ルゾネンシスなど様々なホモ属が生息していた。また,デニソワ洞窟の指骨の古代DNA分析から同定されたデニソワ人や,中期–後期更新世に中国地域に生息していた様々なホミニン,台湾沖の海底から見つかった澎湖人など,他の種との系統関係が不明なものもある。一方で,ホモ・サピエンスは21–6万年前頃と6万年前以降にアフリカから他の地域へと拡散し,アジア東部へと到達した。多様なホモ属とホモ・サピエンスはアジア東部で共存していたのだろうか。本研究では,ネアンデルタール人やホモ・サピエンスも含め,アジア東部において様々なホモ属が,どの地域にいつ生息していたのかに焦点を当て,特に人類化石の出土している遺跡について,現時点で最新の知見をレビューする。また,化石記録だけでなく,デニソワ人やネアンデルタール人,ホモ・サピエンスの遺伝的情報や拡散時期などに関しても概説し,現時点での知見を整理する。最後に…
Reconstruction of diachronic changes in human fishing activity and marine ecosystems from carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of archaeological fish remains
Survey report on the current activity of research and education of anthropology by the members of the Anthropological Society of Nippon in 2021
日本の学会や学術研究を取り巻く状況は年々厳しくなっている。そうした状況に適切に対処していくための基礎データを得る目的で,2021年8–9月に,日本人類学会の会員に対してウェブ調査を実施した。(1)会員の職位による研究活動や教育活動の状況,(2)科研費小区分「自然人類学」に対する意識と申請状況,(3)会員の科研費審査への関与状況,(4)自然人類学の下支えのための方策についてのアンケートに対し,会員の23%にあたる123件の有効回答があった。分析の結果,任期の定めのない常勤職では研究・教育活動に割ける時間的余裕が圧倒的に不足している,有期雇用者(ポスドク,テニュアトラック,非常勤講師など)は研究活動に際して専門的な設備やフィールドにアクセスしづらく所属組織からの理解も得づらい,学生では研究に対する意欲を維持しづらい,という回答傾向があった。科研費小区分に「自然人類学」があるほうがよいと答えた回答者の割合は75%だったが,過去5年間以内に研究代表者として「自然人類学」に科研費を申請したことがあ…
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