G Jasso
Biographic Data
| ID | 57486 |
|---|---|
| NAME | G Jasso |
| GIVEN NAMES | G |
| FAMILY NAME | Jasso |
| SIGNATURE | JASSO G |
| AFFILIATIONS | New York University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7416-2358 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 103 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1536 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 102 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1974 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 20 |
From Foundations of Justice Analysis to Current and Future Challenges
How probability distributions felled the case for the beneficial effects of income inequality
Certainty, unity, tolerance
Poverty, redistribution, and the middle class
It has been known for a long time that (1) when graphs of income amount on income relative rank for two income distributions intersect twice, three "transfer groups" are generated, with the poorest and richest both gaining under the same alternative income distribution and the middle group losing; and (2) the linear income tax system satisfies three fundamental principles of tax justice, namely, that as pretax income increases, three quantities s…
Advancing knowledge in the spirit of Fararo
Fifty Years of Justice Research
Notes on the history of Social Science Research
Analyzing Migration Restriction Regimes
This paper develops a framework for analyzing migration restriction regimes, and illustrates it with the case of U.S. immigration law and policy. Nation-states regulate the entry of foreign-born persons, and this regulation comprises three elements: the type of restriction, the apparatus of restriction, and the consequences of restriction. Restriction may be based on personal characteristics, numerical ceilings, or both. Personal restriction noti…
An empirically based just linear income tax system
This paper develops and illustrates a method for empirically designing an income tax system that people will regard as fair. The paper begins with the classical Principles of Tax Justice, viz., as pretax income increases, three quantities should also increase – posttax income, tax amount, and tax rate. GSOEP data on residents’ pretax income and the posttax income they regard as fair are used to estimate a just linear income tax system. Analytic r…
What’s in a Word? Just vs. Fair vs. Appropriate Earnings for Self and Others
Despite Rawls’ famous call to distinguish between justice and fairness, these and other justice-related words often seem to be used interchangeably by both ordinary people and justice researchers. Based on a survey-embedded question wording experiment ( N = 4534) fielded in Germany as part of the GESIS Panel, we explore the effects of three justice words— “just,” “fair,” and “appropriate”—on the sense of justice about earnings for self and others…
Linking Input Inequality and Outcome Inequality
Inequality often appears in linked pairs of variables. Examples include schooling and income, income and consumption, and wealth and happiness. Consider the famous words of Veblen: 'wealth confers honor.' Understanding inequality requires understanding input inequality, outcome inequality, and the relation between the two-in both inequality between persons and inequality between subgroups. This article contributes to the methodological toolkit fo…
What Is the Size and Legal Composition of the US Foreign-Born Population
We assess government estimates of the size and legal composition of the US foreign-born population from 2007 to 2015. We examine annual Census Bureau estimates of the total number of foreign born (by citizenship) and annual Office of Immigration Statistics (OIS) estimates of the counts of the three noncitizen categories — legal permanent residents, legal temporary residents, and the unauthorized. Comparison of the annual Census estimates of the n…
New results linking inequality and justice
Recent work revives the classic idea that the sense of justice is the first line of defense against inequality and shows that the link depends, in part, on ideas of the just reward. This paper extends earlier work, making three new contributions: (1) it expands the just reward scenarios from the micro scenarios (which start with the individual's idea of the just reward) to six new macro scenarios (which start with the distribution of everyone's i…
Anything Lorenz Curves Can Do, Top Shares Can Do
Newly precise evidence of the trajectory of top incomes in the United States and around the world relies on shares and ratios, prompting new inquiry into their properties as inequality measures. Current evidence suggests a mathematical link between top shares and the Gini coefficient and empirical links extending as well to the Atkinson measure. The work reported in this article strengthens that evidence, making several contributions: First, it f…
Mathematical Sociology
Mathematical sociology has assembled a marvelous set of tools for addressing the questions of interest in all the subfields of sociology. The tools include mathematical functions, probability distributions, matrices, and inequality measures. The tools of mathematical sociology can be used to build rich theories with abundant testable predictions. Sociobehavioral processes generate new subgroups, and these are called emergent subgroups. Sociobehav…
Distributive Justice
Every day, and in all walks of life, the sense of justice is at work. Humans form ideas about what is just, and they make judgments about the justice or injustice of the things they see around them. Both the ideas of justice and the assessments of injustice set in motion a train of individual and social processes, touching virtually every area of the human experience. Thus, in the quest to understand human behavior, understanding the operation of…
How impartial are the observers of justice theory
What can you and I do to reduce income inequality
Are there things that ordinary people can do in their private lives to reduce economic inequality? And, if so, how would these things work? To be sure, there are macro societal mechanisms for reducing inequality. But are there micro mechanisms for reducing inequality? This article first examines inequality measures and behavioral models that produce inequality effects, identifying five sets of inequality mechanisms which lead to levers that ordin…
Inequality in the Distribution of a Good is a Bad, and Inequality in the Distribution of a Bad is a Good
This article presents a theorem connecting the goodness or badness of a thing with the goodness or badness of inequality in the thing’s distribution. The theorem, which applies to cardinally measurable things like income, debt, years in prison, disease risk, and risk of unemployment, states that if an observer regards the original thing as a good (bad), then that observer regards inequality in the thing's distribution as a bad (good). The proof u…
In)Equality and (In)Justice
Understanding the connection between inequality and justice is important because justice is classically regarded as the first line of defense against self-interest and inequality. Absent a strong and clear link between inequality and justice, the sense of justice would not awaken to exert its moral suasion, no matter how great the inequality or how fast its increase. We obtain exact links between economic inequality and three parameters of the ju…
Societies, Types of
Inequality Analysis
Thinking, Saying, Doing in the World of Distributive Justice
Expanding the Horizons of Social Justice Research
Safeguarding Justice Research
What do people think is just? A basic element in justice research is the just reward-the observer's idea about what is just for a particular rewardee. But discerning the just reward is not easy; much intervenes between the idea and its expression. Justice theory suggests four classes of measures, one direct and three indirect, each class encompassing several designs for data collection and data analysis. This paper examines direct designs and one…
A New Theory of Distributive Justice
Distributive Justice and Earned Income
This is an empirical exploration of the normative criteria for just distributions of earned income. The results indicate that the fairness of earnings is judged relative to a set of criteria which includes (but perhaps is not limited to) formal educational attainment, occupational attainment, sex, marital status and knowledge of family earnings. That is, both merit and need factors combine to produce judgments of fairness and unfairness. These cr…
Factorial Survey Methods for Studying Beliefs and Judgments
This article develops a unified framework, based on Rossi's factorial survey method, for studying positive beliefs and normative judgments. The framework enables estimation of individuals' positive-belief and normative-judgment equations, leading to analysis of the components of beliefs and judgments, assessment of interpersonal variability in the components, and estimation of two further equations, representing, respectively, the determinants an…
On the Justice of Earnings
This paper describes a new specification of the justice evaluation function. It predicts precisely and unambiguously the kind of injustice (i.e., underreward or overreward) and the degree of injustice associated with given departures from perfect justice. The new justice evaluation function was inducted from extensive analyses of survey data on the perceived justice or injustice of earnings. It is directly generalizable to cover all socially dist…
Probing the Character of Norms
The purpose of this paper is twofold : first, to contribute to the methodology for measuring norms; and second, to measure the norms of political action among a sample of respondents in Leipzig, in the former East Germany, in 1993. They highlight four aspects of norms : (1) polarity, whether a norm is prescriptive, proscriptive, or bipolar; (2) conditionality, whether a norm holds under all circumstances; (3) intensity, the degree to which indivi…
The new immigrant survey pilot (NIS-P)
This paper provides an overview of the New Immigrant Survey Pilot (NIS-P), a panel survey of a nationally representative sample of new legal immigrants to the United States based on probability samples of administrative records of the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). The NIS-P links survey information about immigrants’ pre- and post-immigration labor market, schooling, and migratory experiences with data available from INS admin…
Family reunification and the immigration multiplier
This paper reports estimates of the total numbers of actual legal immigrants to the United States that result from the family reunification provisions of U.S. immigration law. These immigration multipliers are estimated separately for major visa categories and by gender and are obtained in the context of an analysis of how individual characteristics of immigrants and their origin country conditions affect (a) the decision to migrate to the United…
Studying Status
This paper reports development of an integrated framework for studying status. The framework provides models and methods for addressing long-standing, unresolved issues, such as (1) the emergence of status, (2) distinguishing between the status of individuals and the status of characteristics, and (3) measuring and understanding the status gap between subgroups (between men and women, or between races). The framework, which covers both small grou…
How Much Injustice is There in the World? Two New Justice Indexes
This paper explores the possibility of constructing justice indexes - measures that would quantify the amount of perceived injustice in a society and thus enable comparison of the amount of injustice across societies and over time. I develop a framework, addressing six issues that arise in formulating a justice index, and present two (families of) justice indexes. The first, called JI1, distinguishes between two qualitatively different kinds of i…
Methods for empirical justice analysis
Estimating the emigration rates of legal immigrants using administrative and survey data
Based on administrative and survey data as well as data-based assumptions about the bounds on alien address reporting, this study provides estimates of the lower and upper bounds for the cumulative net emigration rates, by country and area of origin, of the FY1971 cohort of legal immigrants to the United States as of January 1979. The merged data indicate that the cumulative net emigration rate for the entire cohort could have been as high as 50 …
Principles of Theoretical Analysis
This paper considers the goals and methods of theoretical sociology. The chief goal of theoretical work is a theory in two parts-postulates and predictions-the key challenge being to minimize the number of postulates and maximize the number and variety of predictions. The paper discusses the distinctive character of the sentences in each part of the theory and, in light of that bipartite structure, the two main activities of theoretical analysis:…
Double Standards in Just Earnings for Male and Female Workers
When observers judge the amount of a reward they consider just for target recipients, they may treat male and female recipients differently, and this gender-based double standard may itself differ by the observer's own gender. In this paper we develop a framework that enables quantitative assessment of multiple standards as well as of the mechanisms by which they operate. The framework also makes it possible to test for differences in multiple st…
Assessing the Gender Gap in Just Earnings and Its Underlying Mechanisms
We report new theoretical and empirical developments in the study of the gender gap in just earnings-the earnings regarded as just, in the eyes of observers-estimating both the gap and the mechanisms by which just earnings are produced. Four models previously presented are elaborated to include effects of experience as well as education ; data from a new and larger sample are used; and improved procedures for measuring the just reward are introdu…
Migration and stratification
Measuring household social standing
Marital Coital Frequency and the Passage of Time
To extent that marital coital frequency is linked to within-couple and societalfertility and sex ratio, it may be implicated in a wide range of behavioral and social phenomena. Variation in marital coital frequency over life course as well as across cohorts may thus affect many aspects of social life. This paper reports estimates of ceteris paribus cohort-free effects of spouses' ages, marital duration, and contemporaneous period influences on co…
Methods for the Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Comparison Processes
This paper describes some basic steps in the theoretical and empirical analysis of comparison processes, processes that lead to such phenomena as happiness, self-esteem, relative deprivation, and distributive justice. Application of theoretical methods, notably solution of a system of partial differential equations, shows that the conditions embodied in the discursive accounts constrain the comparison function, for all goods and bads, to a functi…
Whom Shall We Welcome? Elite Judgments of the Criteria for the Selection of Immigrants
This paper investigates the direction and magnitude of the effects of personal kinship market and contextual attributes of visa applicants on their desirability as immigrants to the US as judged by members of the professional staff of the US Select Commission on Immigration and Refugee Policy. 2 classic sociological questions this politically relevant topic: how do societies choose their members and how do societies allocate scarce benefits? Usin…
Fairness of Individual Rewards and Fairness of the Reward Distribution
Guillermina Jasso, Fairness of Individual Rewards and Fairness of the Reward Distribution: Specifying the Inconsistency Between the Micro and Macro Principles of Justice, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 46, No. 3 (Sep., 1983), pp. 185-199
Do Immigrants Screened for Skills Do Better than Family Reunification Immigrants
It is sometimes thought that immigrants who are screened for occupational skills are likely to become more productive Americans than immigrants who gain admission on the basis of family ties to native-born U.S. citizens or to previous immigrants. However, the expected differential may be small or nonexistent because: 1) kinship immigrants have access to family networks; 2) whereas employers may screen for short-term productivity, family members m…
A new representation of the just term in distributive‐justice theory
This paper proposes a new representation of the Just Term in the theory of distributive justice, one which meets all criticisms made of previously proposed representations while preserving all their useful features. The new representation enables statement of the sense of distributive justice as a function of specified sub‐sets of four observable factors and a new unobservable factor, denoted phi. The paper establishes precisely how alternative c…
From Illegal to Legal
This paper develops a framework for estimating previous illegal experience among annual cohorts of new legal immigrants to the United States – using public-use administrative microdata alone, survey data alone, and the two jointly – and provides estimates for the FY 1996 cohort of new immigrants, based on both administrative and survey data. Our procedures enable assessment of type of illegal experience, including entry without inspection, visa o…
Distributive Justice and CEO Compensation
This article develops a framework for studying individuals' ideas about what constitutes just compensation for chief executive officers (CEOs) and reports estimates of just CEO pay and the principles guiding ideas of justice. The sample consists of students pursuing a Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree in Sweden and the United States. The framework, based on justice theory and making use of Rossi's factorial survey method, enables ass…
Exploring the Reciprocal Relations between Theoretical and Empirical Work
This article explores what Merton has called the reciprocal relations between theoretical and empirical work. These relations involve a variety of mechanisms identified by Merton, beyond the classical links in which empirical work tests the implications of theories and provides the starting postulates for new theories. To illustrate some of the ways in which theoretical ideas shape empirical work and empirical ideas shape theoretical work, this a…
Measuring household social standing
Distributive Justice and Earned Income
This is an empirical exploration of the normative criteria for just distributions of earned income. The results indicate that the fairness of earnings is judged relative to a set of criteria which includes (but perhaps is not limited to) formal educational attainment, occupational attainment, sex, marital status and knowledge of family earnings. That is, both merit and need factors combine to produce judgments of fairness and unfairness. These cr…
On the Justice of Earnings
This paper describes a new specification of the justice evaluation function. It predicts precisely and unambiguously the kind of injustice (i.e., underreward or overreward) and the degree of injustice associated with given departures from perfect justice. The new justice evaluation function was inducted from extensive analyses of survey data on the perceived justice or injustice of earnings. It is directly generalizable to cover all socially dist…
On Gini's Mean Difference and Gini's Index of Concentration
A New Theory of Distributive Justice
Further Notes on the Theory of Distributive Justice
Estimating the emigration rates of legal immigrants using administrative and survey data
Based on administrative and survey data as well as data-based assumptions about the bounds on alien address reporting, this study provides estimates of the lower and upper bounds for the cumulative net emigration rates, by country and area of origin, of the FY1971 cohort of legal immigrants to the United States as of January 1979. The merged data indicate that the cumulative net emigration rate for the entire cohort could have been as high as 50 …
Measuring Inequality
Since unambiguous ranking of income distributions according to their degree of inequality is not always possible, choice of inequality measure must rest on the appropriateness of particular measures for particular substantive problems. This article provides a complete account of one measure of inequality, δ, defined, for x > 0, as the ratio of the geometric mean to the arithmetic mean-a measure that is closely linked to the sense of distributive …
Fairness of Individual Rewards and Fairness of the Reward Distribution
Guillermina Jasso, Fairness of Individual Rewards and Fairness of the Reward Distribution: Specifying the Inconsistency Between the Micro and Macro Principles of Justice, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 46, No. 3 (Sep., 1983), pp. 185-199
The Measurement and Analysis of Internal Migration
Marital Coital Frequency and the Passage of Time
To extent that marital coital frequency is linked to within-couple and societalfertility and sex ratio, it may be implicated in a wide range of behavioral and social phenomena. Variation in marital coital frequency over life course as well as across cohorts may thus affect many aspects of social life. This paper reports estimates of ceteris paribus cohort-free effects of spouses' ages, marital duration, and contemporaneous period influences on co…
Family reunification and the immigration multiplier
This paper reports estimates of the total numbers of actual legal immigrants to the United States that result from the family reunification provisions of U.S. immigration law. These immigration multipliers are estimated separately for major visa categories and by gender and are obtained in the context of an analysis of how individual characteristics of immigrants and their origin country conditions affect (a) the decision to migrate to the United…
A new representation of the just term in distributive‐justice theory
This paper proposes a new representation of the Just Term in the theory of distributive justice, one which meets all criticisms made of previously proposed representations while preserving all their useful features. The new representation enables statement of the sense of distributive justice as a function of specified sub‐sets of four observable factors and a new unobservable factor, denoted phi. The paper establishes precisely how alternative c…
Is It Outlier Deletion or Is It Sample Truncation? Notes on Science and Sexuality
Using National Recording Systems for the Measurement and Analysis of Immigration to the United States
This article considers the kinds of data required to increase scientific knowledge about U.S. immigration and, in light of those requirements, assesses the principal currently available data sets (the U.S. decennial Censuses and the administrative records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service) and makes recommendations for improving the data environment
Using National Recording Systems for the Measurement and Analysis of Immigration to the United States
Guillermina Jasso, Mark R. Rosenzweig, Using National Recording Systems for the Measurement and Analysis of Immigration to the United States, The International Migration Review, Vol. 21, No. 4, Special Issue: Measuring International Migration: Theory and Practice (Winter, 1987), pp. 1212-1244
Whom Shall We Welcome? Elite Judgments of the Criteria for the Selection of Immigrants
This paper investigates the direction and magnitude of the effects of personal kinship market and contextual attributes of visa applicants on their desirability as immigrants to the US as judged by members of the professional staff of the US Select Commission on Immigration and Refugee Policy. 2 classic sociological questions this politically relevant topic: how do societies choose their members and how do societies allocate scarce benefits? Usin…
Principles of Theoretical Analysis
This paper considers the goals and methods of theoretical sociology. The chief goal of theoretical work is a theory in two parts-postulates and predictions-the key challenge being to minimize the number of postulates and maximize the number and variety of predictions. The paper discusses the distinctive character of the sentences in each part of the theory and, in light of that bipartite structure, the two main activities of theoretical analysis:…
Notes on the Advancement of Theoretical Sociology (Reply to Turner)
Sponsors, Sponsorship Rates and the Immigration Multiplier
Sponsors, Sponsorship Rates and the Immigration Multiplier
This article reviews the evidence pertaining to the extent to which U.S. immigrants actually make use of the family reunification entitlements of United States immigration laws, examining the two available studies which are based on probability samples of immigrant entry cohorts. It then provides new estimates of the characteristics of the U.S. citizen sponsors of immigrant spouses and parents. The first study examined, the 1986 Jasso-Rosenzweig …
Inequality Observed
If people in two societies with similar distributions of income, experience income lnequality in very different ways, the consequences of income lnequality wilf also be very different in these societies. Where the tolerance for inequality is low and there is a widespread feeling that the distribution of incomes is unjust, income inequality may well promote social unrest and social conflict. On the other hand, where the tolerance for inequality is…
Self-interest, distributive justice, and the income distribution
Methods for the Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Comparison Processes
This paper describes some basic steps in the theoretical and empirical analysis of comparison processes, processes that lead to such phenomena as happiness, self-esteem, relative deprivation, and distributive justice. Application of theoretical methods, notably solution of a system of partial differential equations, shows that the conditions embodied in the discursive accounts constrain the comparison function, for all goods and bads, to a functi…
Pacific Bridges
Sociology (64 works) · Political science (56 works) · Law (51 works) · Economics (50 works) · Psychology (39 works) · Economic Justice (36 works) · Law (34 works) · Mathematics (34 works) · Computer Science (29 works) · Social Psychology (28 works)