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L Spake

Biographic Data

ID58128
NAMEL Spake
GIVEN NAMESL
FAMILY NAMESpake
SIGNATURESPAKE L
AFFILIATIONSBinghamton University
ORCID0000-0002-2243-7356
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS23
TOTAL CITATIONS34
AUTHOR COUNT23
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR2017
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2026
H-INDEX4
  • CSGM

    Open Access•Brian A Keeling, Alessandro Urciuoli et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Biological…•2026

  • Sex Differences in Secular Changes in Height and Weight Among Affluent Portuguese School Girls and Boys from 1913 to 2012

    Open Access•Julia Meyers, L Spake et al.•ARTICLE•Humans•2026

    Secular changes in the physical growth of children in the 20th century have been examined largely between cohorts of boys or men, with fewer studies examining changes among girls/women or both sexes. Sex-specific growth trajectories and differential cultural treatment of the sexes can affect how girls and boys respond to changes in the ontogenetic environment. This study examined secular change in height (cm) and weight (kg) in affluent Portugues…

  • Radiographic and macroscopic dry bone manifestations of childhood leukemia in a case of known cause of death from mid-20th century Portugal

    Open Access•Julia Meyers, L Spake et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal of…•2026

  • Religious parents receive more alloparental aid in rural Bangladesh

    Open Access•Theodore Samore, Richard Sosis et al.•ARTICLE•Evolutionary Human Sciences•2026

    Researchers have long speculated about the evolutionary benefits of religiosity. One explanation for the evolution of religious ritual is that rituals signal commitment to co-religionists. As a major domain of prosocial behaviour, alloparental care – or care directed at children by non-parents – is a plausible benefit of religious signalling. The religious alloparenting hypothesis posits that parents who signal religious commitment receive greate…

  • Nuclearization of maternal support networks in the UK and the US during the Covid-19 pandemic

    Open Access•Anushé Hassan, L Spake et al.•ARTICLE•Social Sciences & Humanities Open•2024

    The social isolation resulting from governments' responses to the COVID-19 pandemic likely limited support available to mothers. Evidence suggests tasks like childcare and domestic work fell disproportionately on mothers during the pandemic, with consequences for their wellbeing. We explore how the pandemic affected emotional and practical support available to mothers between March and August 2020 and whether changes in support are associated wit…

  • Religious women receive more allomaternal support from non-partner kin in two low-fertility countries

    Open Access•L Spake, B Schaffnit et al.•ARTICLE•Evolution and Human Behavior•2024

  • Cost structures and socioecological conditions impact the fitness outcomes of human alloparental care in agent-based model simulations

    Open Access•Elic M Weitzel, Kathleen M Wilson et al.•ARTICLE•Evolution and Human Behavior•2024

  • Religious Involvement Is Associated With Higher Fertility and Lower Maternal Investment, but More Alloparental Support Among Gambian Mothers

    Open Access•John H Shaver, Radim Chvaja et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Human Biology•2024

    OBJECTIVES: Human childrearing is cooperative, with women often able to achieve relatively high fertility through help from many individuals. Previous work has documented tremendous socioecological variation in who supports women in childrearing, but less is known about the intracultural correlates of variation in allomaternal support. In the highly religious, high-fertility setting of The Gambia, we studied whether religious mothers have more ch…

  • Sexual minority status is associated with earlier recalled age of menarche

    Open Access•James K Gibbs, L Spake et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Human Biology•2023

    INTRODUCTION: Menarcheal timing is associated with growth, development, health, wellbeing, and reproduction across the lifespan. Although sexual orientation is a known correlate of health and developmental inequities, relatively little evolutionarily framed research has investigated sexual orientation-based variation in maturational timing. To improve our understanding of menarcheal timing among sexual minority (SM) people, we use a biocultural-e…

  • Fertility and faith

    Robert Lynch, M K Shenk et al.•ARTICLE•Religion Brain & Behavior•2022

    Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by John Templeton Foundation [Grant number grant ID 61426]

  • Disentangling the relationships between religion and fertility

    L Spake, Anushé Hassan et al.•ARTICLE•Religion Brain & Behavior•2022

    In this issue of Religion, Brain & Behavior, scholars from multiple disciplines offer comments on Jenkins ' Fertility and Faith (Jenkins, 2020).The debate, and Jenkins' response to the commentaries, contribute to moving scholarship forward in an often-neglected area in the scientific study of religion.The book tackles an extensive literature, synthesizing work on several topics: drivers of secularization, drivers of fertility decline, the relatio…

  • Faith and fertility in evolutionary perspective

    John H Shaver, L Spake et al.•ARTICLE•Religion Brain & Behavior•2022

  • The impact of market integration on arranged marriages in Matlab, Bangladesh

    Open Access•B Schaffnit, A E Page et al.•ARTICLE•Evolutionary Human Sciences•2022•Cited by: 3•References: 13

    Success in marriage markets has lasting impacts on women's wellbeing. By arranging marriages, parents exert financial and social powers to influence spouse characteristics and ensure optimal marriages. While arranging marriages is a major focus of parental investment, marriage decisions are also a source of conflict between parents and daughters in which parents often have more power. The process of market integration may alter parental investmen…

  • Repatriation and Erasing the Past (Elizabeth Weiss and James W. Springer)

    Chelsea H Meloche, L Spake et al.•ARTICLE•Canadian Journal of Archaeology•2021

  • Lack of biological mortality bias in the timing of dental formation in contemporary children

    Open Access•L Spake, Robert D Hoppa et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Physical…•2021•Cited by: 7•References: 59

    OBJECTIVES: Biological mortality bias is the idea that individuals who perish (non-survivors) are biologically distinct from those who survive (survivors). If biological mortality bias is large enough, bioarchaeological studies of nonsurvivors (skeletal samples) cannot accurately represent the experiences of the survivors of that population. This effect is particularly problematic for the study of juvenile individuals, as growth is particularly s…

  • Juvenile Body Mass Estimation from the Femur Using Postmortem Computed Tomography Data

    L Spake, Julia Meyers et al.•ARTICLE•Human Biology•2021•References: 1

    Skeletal estimation methods to reconstruct the juvenile biological profile are largely limited to those estimating age and, to a lesser extent, sex. While body mass is not generally estimated as part of the biological profile in forensic investigations, this is a logical candidate for inclusion in the forensic biological profile, as it has long been of interest in paleoanthropology and several methods to estimate juvenile body mass currently exis…

  • Mother's Partnership Status and Allomothering Networks in the United Kingdom and United States

    Open Access•L Spake, B Schaffnit et al.•ARTICLE•Social Sciences•2021•Cited by: 3•References: 68

    In high-income, low-fertility (HILF) settings, the mother's partner is a key provider of childcare. However, it is not clear how mothers without partners draw on other sources of support to raise children. This paper reports the findings from a survey of 1532 women in the United Kingdom and the United States, in which women described who provided childcare for a focal child and how frequently they did so. We use multivariate Bayesian regression m…

  • Interpolation of the Maresh diaphyseal length data for use in quantitative analyses of growth

    Open Access•L Spake, Horacio Cardoso•ARTICLE•International Journal of…•2021•Cited by: 4•References: 35

    The Maresh data are commonly used in bioarcheological growth studies as a representation of diaphyseal growth in a modern and healthy group of children. However, several problems with the way the data were reported have limited its use in quantitative analyses of growth. In this paper, we present updated and interpolated values for long bone length for age for use in calculating z-scores, percentages of expected length, and other quantitative mea…

  • Severe skeletal lesions, osteopenia and growth deficit in a child with pulmonary tuberculosis (mid-20th century, Portugal)

    Open Access•Ellie Gooderham, Luísa Marinho et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal of…•2020

  • The digital lives of Ancestors

    L Spake, George Nicholas et al.•CHAPTER•Working with and for Ancestors•2020

    In bioarchaeology, 3-D models of human skeletons are increasingly being used in constructing osteobiographies. This is of considerable interest to Indigenous peoples who are keen to learn about their Ancestors’ lives, especially through non-destructive data recovery methods. This chapter offers a primer for those interested in implementing 3-D techniques in studies of Ancestors. We introduce common 3-D scanning techniques used in bioarchaeology. …

  • The impact of social experiences of physical and structural violence on the growth of African enslaved children recovered from Lagos, Portugal (15th–17th centuries)

    Open Access•Horacio Cardoso, L Spake et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Physical…•2019•Cited by: 11•References: 87

    OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this article is to examine the impacts of physical and structural violence on the well-being of early modern enslaved Africans by comparing the growth of children in an archaeological sample recovered from Lagos, Portugal with that of modern children known to have lived under socially oppressive and racist political regimes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The age of 18 individuals was estimated from the length of developing tee…

  • Indirect evidence for biological mortality bias in growth from two temporo-spatially distant samples of children

    L Spake, Horacio Cardoso et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropologischer Anzeiger•2019•Cited by: 4

    Biological mortality bias in growth is a challenge to the analysis and understanding of past populations. In this analysis, we address two interrelated aspects of the bias: its potential magnitude in terms of linear growth and the association between height and survivorship. A contemporary sample of 292 children, whose recumbent length was measured at autopsy in Cuyahoga County, USA, was used to quantify the magnitude of mortality bias. Differenc…

  • Age estimation of immature human skeletal remains from the dimensions of the girdle bones in the postnatal period

    Open Access•Horacio Cardoso, L Spake et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Physical…•2017•Cited by: 2•References: 40

    OBJECTIVES: This study provides classical calibration regression formulae for age estimation from the dimensions of unfused shoulder and pelvic girdle bones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Age estimation models were derived from a sample of 160 known age and sex individuals (63 females and 97 males) aged birth to 12 years, selected from Portuguese and English skeletal collections. The sample was divided into two age groups at the age of 2 years, and form…

  • The impact of social experiences of physical and structural violence on the growth of African enslaved children recovered from Lagos, Portugal (15th–17th centuries)

    Open Access•Horacio Cardoso, L Spake et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Physical…•2019•Cited by: 11•References: 87

    OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this article is to examine the impacts of physical and structural violence on the well-being of early modern enslaved Africans by comparing the growth of children in an archaeological sample recovered from Lagos, Portugal with that of modern children known to have lived under socially oppressive and racist political regimes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The age of 18 individuals was estimated from the length of developing tee…

  • Lack of biological mortality bias in the timing of dental formation in contemporary children

    Open Access•L Spake, Robert D Hoppa et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Physical…•2021•Cited by: 7•References: 59

    OBJECTIVES: Biological mortality bias is the idea that individuals who perish (non-survivors) are biologically distinct from those who survive (survivors). If biological mortality bias is large enough, bioarchaeological studies of nonsurvivors (skeletal samples) cannot accurately represent the experiences of the survivors of that population. This effect is particularly problematic for the study of juvenile individuals, as growth is particularly s…

  • Interpolation of the Maresh diaphyseal length data for use in quantitative analyses of growth

    Open Access•L Spake, Horacio Cardoso•ARTICLE•International Journal of…•2021•Cited by: 4•References: 35

    The Maresh data are commonly used in bioarcheological growth studies as a representation of diaphyseal growth in a modern and healthy group of children. However, several problems with the way the data were reported have limited its use in quantitative analyses of growth. In this paper, we present updated and interpolated values for long bone length for age for use in calculating z-scores, percentages of expected length, and other quantitative mea…

  • Indirect evidence for biological mortality bias in growth from two temporo-spatially distant samples of children

    L Spake, Horacio Cardoso et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropologischer Anzeiger•2019•Cited by: 4

    Biological mortality bias in growth is a challenge to the analysis and understanding of past populations. In this analysis, we address two interrelated aspects of the bias: its potential magnitude in terms of linear growth and the association between height and survivorship. A contemporary sample of 292 children, whose recumbent length was measured at autopsy in Cuyahoga County, USA, was used to quantify the magnitude of mortality bias. Differenc…

  • The impact of market integration on arranged marriages in Matlab, Bangladesh

    Open Access•B Schaffnit, A E Page et al.•ARTICLE•Evolutionary Human Sciences•2022•Cited by: 3•References: 13

    Success in marriage markets has lasting impacts on women's wellbeing. By arranging marriages, parents exert financial and social powers to influence spouse characteristics and ensure optimal marriages. While arranging marriages is a major focus of parental investment, marriage decisions are also a source of conflict between parents and daughters in which parents often have more power. The process of market integration may alter parental investmen…

  • Mother's Partnership Status and Allomothering Networks in the United Kingdom and United States

    Open Access•L Spake, B Schaffnit et al.•ARTICLE•Social Sciences•2021•Cited by: 3•References: 68

    In high-income, low-fertility (HILF) settings, the mother's partner is a key provider of childcare. However, it is not clear how mothers without partners draw on other sources of support to raise children. This paper reports the findings from a survey of 1532 women in the United Kingdom and the United States, in which women described who provided childcare for a focal child and how frequently they did so. We use multivariate Bayesian regression m…

  • Age estimation of immature human skeletal remains from the dimensions of the girdle bones in the postnatal period

    Open Access•Horacio Cardoso, L Spake et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Physical…•2017•Cited by: 2•References: 40

    OBJECTIVES: This study provides classical calibration regression formulae for age estimation from the dimensions of unfused shoulder and pelvic girdle bones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Age estimation models were derived from a sample of 160 known age and sex individuals (63 females and 97 males) aged birth to 12 years, selected from Portuguese and English skeletal collections. The sample was divided into two age groups at the age of 2 years, and form…

  • Age estimation of immature human skeletal remains from the dimensions of the girdle bones in the postnatal period

    Open Access•Horacio Cardoso, L Spake et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Physical…•2017•Cited by: 2•References: 40

    OBJECTIVES: This study provides classical calibration regression formulae for age estimation from the dimensions of unfused shoulder and pelvic girdle bones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Age estimation models were derived from a sample of 160 known age and sex individuals (63 females and 97 males) aged birth to 12 years, selected from Portuguese and English skeletal collections. The sample was divided into two age groups at the age of 2 years, and form…

  • The impact of social experiences of physical and structural violence on the growth of African enslaved children recovered from Lagos, Portugal (15th–17th centuries)

    Open Access•Horacio Cardoso, L Spake et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Physical…•2019•Cited by: 11•References: 87

    OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this article is to examine the impacts of physical and structural violence on the well-being of early modern enslaved Africans by comparing the growth of children in an archaeological sample recovered from Lagos, Portugal with that of modern children known to have lived under socially oppressive and racist political regimes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The age of 18 individuals was estimated from the length of developing tee…

  • Indirect evidence for biological mortality bias in growth from two temporo-spatially distant samples of children

    L Spake, Horacio Cardoso et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropologischer Anzeiger•2019•Cited by: 4

    Biological mortality bias in growth is a challenge to the analysis and understanding of past populations. In this analysis, we address two interrelated aspects of the bias: its potential magnitude in terms of linear growth and the association between height and survivorship. A contemporary sample of 292 children, whose recumbent length was measured at autopsy in Cuyahoga County, USA, was used to quantify the magnitude of mortality bias. Differenc…

  • Severe skeletal lesions, osteopenia and growth deficit in a child with pulmonary tuberculosis (mid-20th century, Portugal)

    Open Access•Ellie Gooderham, Luísa Marinho et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal of…•2020

  • The digital lives of Ancestors

    L Spake, George Nicholas et al.•CHAPTER•Working with and for Ancestors•2020

    In bioarchaeology, 3-D models of human skeletons are increasingly being used in constructing osteobiographies. This is of considerable interest to Indigenous peoples who are keen to learn about their Ancestors’ lives, especially through non-destructive data recovery methods. This chapter offers a primer for those interested in implementing 3-D techniques in studies of Ancestors. We introduce common 3-D scanning techniques used in bioarchaeology. …

  • Repatriation and Erasing the Past (Elizabeth Weiss and James W. Springer)

    Chelsea H Meloche, L Spake et al.•ARTICLE•Canadian Journal of Archaeology•2021

  • Lack of biological mortality bias in the timing of dental formation in contemporary children

    Open Access•L Spake, Robert D Hoppa et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Physical…•2021•Cited by: 7•References: 59

    OBJECTIVES: Biological mortality bias is the idea that individuals who perish (non-survivors) are biologically distinct from those who survive (survivors). If biological mortality bias is large enough, bioarchaeological studies of nonsurvivors (skeletal samples) cannot accurately represent the experiences of the survivors of that population. This effect is particularly problematic for the study of juvenile individuals, as growth is particularly s…

  • Juvenile Body Mass Estimation from the Femur Using Postmortem Computed Tomography Data

    L Spake, Julia Meyers et al.•ARTICLE•Human Biology•2021•References: 1

    Skeletal estimation methods to reconstruct the juvenile biological profile are largely limited to those estimating age and, to a lesser extent, sex. While body mass is not generally estimated as part of the biological profile in forensic investigations, this is a logical candidate for inclusion in the forensic biological profile, as it has long been of interest in paleoanthropology and several methods to estimate juvenile body mass currently exis…

  • Mother's Partnership Status and Allomothering Networks in the United Kingdom and United States

    Open Access•L Spake, B Schaffnit et al.•ARTICLE•Social Sciences•2021•Cited by: 3•References: 68

    In high-income, low-fertility (HILF) settings, the mother's partner is a key provider of childcare. However, it is not clear how mothers without partners draw on other sources of support to raise children. This paper reports the findings from a survey of 1532 women in the United Kingdom and the United States, in which women described who provided childcare for a focal child and how frequently they did so. We use multivariate Bayesian regression m…

  • Interpolation of the Maresh diaphyseal length data for use in quantitative analyses of growth

    Open Access•L Spake, Horacio Cardoso•ARTICLE•International Journal of…•2021•Cited by: 4•References: 35

    The Maresh data are commonly used in bioarcheological growth studies as a representation of diaphyseal growth in a modern and healthy group of children. However, several problems with the way the data were reported have limited its use in quantitative analyses of growth. In this paper, we present updated and interpolated values for long bone length for age for use in calculating z-scores, percentages of expected length, and other quantitative mea…

  • Fertility and faith

    Robert Lynch, M K Shenk et al.•ARTICLE•Religion Brain & Behavior•2022

    Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by John Templeton Foundation [Grant number grant ID 61426]

  • Disentangling the relationships between religion and fertility

    L Spake, Anushé Hassan et al.•ARTICLE•Religion Brain & Behavior•2022

    In this issue of Religion, Brain & Behavior, scholars from multiple disciplines offer comments on Jenkins ' Fertility and Faith (Jenkins, 2020).The debate, and Jenkins' response to the commentaries, contribute to moving scholarship forward in an often-neglected area in the scientific study of religion.The book tackles an extensive literature, synthesizing work on several topics: drivers of secularization, drivers of fertility decline, the relatio…

  • Faith and fertility in evolutionary perspective

    John H Shaver, L Spake et al.•ARTICLE•Religion Brain & Behavior•2022

  • The impact of market integration on arranged marriages in Matlab, Bangladesh

    Open Access•B Schaffnit, A E Page et al.•ARTICLE•Evolutionary Human Sciences•2022•Cited by: 3•References: 13

    Success in marriage markets has lasting impacts on women's wellbeing. By arranging marriages, parents exert financial and social powers to influence spouse characteristics and ensure optimal marriages. While arranging marriages is a major focus of parental investment, marriage decisions are also a source of conflict between parents and daughters in which parents often have more power. The process of market integration may alter parental investmen…

  • Sexual minority status is associated with earlier recalled age of menarche

    Open Access•James K Gibbs, L Spake et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Human Biology•2023

    INTRODUCTION: Menarcheal timing is associated with growth, development, health, wellbeing, and reproduction across the lifespan. Although sexual orientation is a known correlate of health and developmental inequities, relatively little evolutionarily framed research has investigated sexual orientation-based variation in maturational timing. To improve our understanding of menarcheal timing among sexual minority (SM) people, we use a biocultural-e…

  • Nuclearization of maternal support networks in the UK and the US during the Covid-19 pandemic

    Open Access•Anushé Hassan, L Spake et al.•ARTICLE•Social Sciences & Humanities Open•2024

    The social isolation resulting from governments' responses to the COVID-19 pandemic likely limited support available to mothers. Evidence suggests tasks like childcare and domestic work fell disproportionately on mothers during the pandemic, with consequences for their wellbeing. We explore how the pandemic affected emotional and practical support available to mothers between March and August 2020 and whether changes in support are associated wit…

  • Religious women receive more allomaternal support from non-partner kin in two low-fertility countries

    Open Access•L Spake, B Schaffnit et al.•ARTICLE•Evolution and Human Behavior•2024

  • Cost structures and socioecological conditions impact the fitness outcomes of human alloparental care in agent-based model simulations

    Open Access•Elic M Weitzel, Kathleen M Wilson et al.•ARTICLE•Evolution and Human Behavior•2024

  • Religious Involvement Is Associated With Higher Fertility and Lower Maternal Investment, but More Alloparental Support Among Gambian Mothers

    Open Access•John H Shaver, Radim Chvaja et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Human Biology•2024

    OBJECTIVES: Human childrearing is cooperative, with women often able to achieve relatively high fertility through help from many individuals. Previous work has documented tremendous socioecological variation in who supports women in childrearing, but less is known about the intracultural correlates of variation in allomaternal support. In the highly religious, high-fertility setting of The Gambia, we studied whether religious mothers have more ch…

  • CSGM

    Open Access•Brian A Keeling, Alessandro Urciuoli et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Biological…•2026

  • Sex Differences in Secular Changes in Height and Weight Among Affluent Portuguese School Girls and Boys from 1913 to 2012

    Open Access•Julia Meyers, L Spake et al.•ARTICLE•Humans•2026

    Secular changes in the physical growth of children in the 20th century have been examined largely between cohorts of boys or men, with fewer studies examining changes among girls/women or both sexes. Sex-specific growth trajectories and differential cultural treatment of the sexes can affect how girls and boys respond to changes in the ontogenetic environment. This study examined secular change in height (cm) and weight (kg) in affluent Portugues…

  • Radiographic and macroscopic dry bone manifestations of childhood leukemia in a case of known cause of death from mid-20th century Portugal

    Open Access•Julia Meyers, L Spake et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal of…•2026

  • Religious parents receive more alloparental aid in rural Bangladesh

    Open Access•Theodore Samore, Richard Sosis et al.•ARTICLE•Evolutionary Human Sciences•2026

    Researchers have long speculated about the evolutionary benefits of religiosity. One explanation for the evolution of religious ritual is that rituals signal commitment to co-religionists. As a major domain of prosocial behaviour, alloparental care – or care directed at children by non-parents – is a plausible benefit of religious signalling. The religious alloparenting hypothesis posits that parents who signal religious commitment receive greate…

Demography (11 works) · Population (9 works) · Biology (8 works) · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (8 works) · Psychology (8 works) · Sociology (8 works) · Medicine (7 works) · Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences (6 works) · Family Dynamics and Relationships (6 works) · Fertility (6 works)

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