Ehud Galili
Biographic Data
| ID | 625136 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Ehud Galili |
| GIVEN NAMES | Ehud |
| FAMILY NAME | Galili |
| SIGNATURE | GALILI E |
| AFFILIATIONS | Israel Antiquities Authority |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9621-4921 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 86 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 565 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 86 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1985 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 14 |
Geomorphological dynamics at the coast
During the early Holocene, rapid sea level rise led to the inundation of worldwide coastal areas, with the surrounding shallow landscapes being the most affected. The Carmel coast, located in the East Mediterranean, preserves a rich record of such a submerged landscape dotted by many archaeological sites, including the well-preserved Atlit-Yam village (Neolithic), which is currently buried and submerged at 8-11 m water depth. In order to reconstr…
Site Formation Processes in Marine Archaeological Sites
The cultural and natural processes shaping archaeological sites on land have been studied extensively in a variety of terrestrial environments and landscapes. This resulted in a basic model of cultural and natural accretion and depletion processes. In marine archaeology, shipwreck cultural and natural formation processes are quite well-researched and presented as basic models. This is not the case, however, for coastal and submerged settlements, …
A Millstone Quarry on the ‘Akko Coastline
Coastline evolution, submerged landscape, and island occupation
Sicily, the largest island in the Mediterranean and the closest to mainland Europe, holds some of the earliest uncontroversial evidence in the region of sustained island occupation by humans, dating back to ∼16.5 thousand years ago (ka). Using archival studies as well as dive-based and coastal fieldwork, this study provides initial insights into the diversity of submerged and coastal Pleistocene–Holocene landscapes off and on the coast of south-e…
Provenance of Bronze Age stone anchors, a case study from the Carmel coast, Israel
Underwater Neolithic combustion features
Combustion features are routinely studied using micro-geoarchaeology in prehistoric sites, providing information on human social life. In submerged prehistory such features have not been studied from the microscopic perspective, and here we present a study of three combustion features from two submerged Neolithic sites from the southeastern Mediterranean: Atlit-Yam (ninth-millennium cal BP) and Neve Yam (eighth-millennium cal BP). Mineralogical a…
Archaeological and Historical Evidence Reveal New Insights on the Maritime Cultural Landscape of the Sea of Galilee
Low water levels of the Sea of Galilee (Lake Kinneret) in recent decades due to droughts and anthropogenic factors have exposed large portions of the lakebed. Archaeological surveys of the newly exposed areas yielded prehistoric sites, harbours, anchorages, shipwrecks, cargoes and shoreline installations, attesting to changing maritime activity on the lake through time. The different assemblages are presented and discussed within the context of t…
Microarchaeological approach to underwater stratigraphy of submerged settlements
The investigation of submerged archaeological sites faces numerous logistical challenges in the recovery of stratigraphic sequences and, as a result, is often restricted to surface deposits limiting the application of geoarchaeology. This paper outlines a new integrated field and microanalytical methodological protocol to investigate deep stratigraphic sequences (up to 2 m) within the submerged Pre‐Pottery Neolithic (PPN) site of Atlit‐Yam (9267–…
Deep stratigraphy of submerged Neolithic sites
The authors discuss new sediment coring at the Early Neolithic submerged site of Atlit-Yam, Israel, that reveals stratified archaeological deposits 0.7-0.9m below the seabed. They demonstrate the potential of micro-geoarchaeological analysis to generate new chrono-stratigraphic data for the onset of Early Neolithic coastal occupation in the Eastern Mediterranean
Pottery from Submerged Neolithic/Early Chalcolithic Settlements of the Carmel Coast, Israel - A Microarchaeological Study of Raw Material Procurement and Firing Technology
Isaac Ogloblin Ramírez, יצחק אוגלובלין רמירז, Ehud Galili, אהוד גלילי, Ruth Shahack-Gross, רות שחק-גרוס, Pottery from Submerged Neolithic/Early Chalcolithic Settlements of the Carmel Coast, Israel - כלי חרס מישובים ניאוליתיים/כלקוליתיים מוקדמים מוצפים מחוף הכרמל, ישראל, Mitekufat Haeven: Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society / מתקופת האבן, כרך נ"א (2021), pp. 105-129
Incised Late Bronze Age lead ingots from the southern anchorage of Caesarea
Locating submerged prehistoric settlements
From peaks to ports
Heated mud bricks in submerged and coastal Southern Levant Pre-Pottery Neolithic C and Late Pottery Neolithic/Early Chalcolithic settlements
A cargo of lead ingots from a shipwreck off Ashkelon, Israel 11th–13th centuries AD
Shipwreck cargo of lead ingots, some marked, discovered off Tel Ashkelon, weighed about four tonnes. C14 analysis of charred wood from an ingot dated it to the 11th–13th centuries AD, Crusader times. Lead isotopic ratios provenanced the ingots to Mont‐Lozère, France. Various aspects of the lead trade are discussed, including: lead sources, extraction, casting, lead in the international maritime trade, weight units in medieval trade, prices, trans…
Five Decades of Marine Archaeology in Israel
The history of maritime archaeology in Israel began in the 1950s. This article summarizes the emergence of the discipline and its evolution, the main institutions involved, the physical conditions and their influence on the nature of ancient maritime activity, the nature of the sites, site formation, post-deposition processes, and the associated methodologies of underwater archaeological research. The typology of sites and significant finds that …
Prehistoric Archaeology on the Continental Shelf
Thermodynamics of a brazier cooking system modeled to mimic the lead brazier of a Roman ship
Artillery and rigging artefacts from the Megadim wreck-site, Israel
The Plurality of Harbors at Caesarea
Beach deposits containing Middle Paleolithic archaeological remains from northern Israel
Characterization of archaeological waterlogged wooden objects exposed on the hyper-saline Dead Sea shore
A late 16th- to early 17th-century European shipwreck carrying Venetian ordnance discovered off the Carmel coast, Israel
In 1972, a commercial fisherman, R. Schomos, discovered a bronze gun attached to a wooden gun carriage (Piece A) while diving off Megadim on the Carmel coast (Fig. 1). He informed A. Raban and J. Galili, members of the Underwater Exploration Society of Israel, who documented the gun and its carriage under water (Raban, 1980). However, the assemblage was simultaneously discovered by others, and salvaged unscientifically, thus losing much of the ca…
Iconographic motifs from the 6th–5th millennia BC in the Levant and Mesopotamia
Plusieurs objets gravés de motifs peu habituels ont été récemment découverts lors de prospections et de fouilles de sauvetage en Israël sur des sites datés des 6e et 5e millénaires av. J.-C. Au Levant Sud (Hagoshrim, Neve Yam et Ein Zippori), ces motifs s’observent sur des objets en os et des palettes en pierre attribués au Chalcolithique ancien du Wadi Rabah et aux cultures post-Wadi Rabah. En Mésopotamie (Assur, Mari), ils sont gravés sur des s…
Detection and mapping of shipwrecks embedded in sea-floor sediments
Musculoskeletal stress markers in Natufian hunter‐gatherers and Neolithic farmers in the Levant
This paper attempts to quantify the changes in activity patterns of early farming populations in the Levant through the musculoskeletal stress markers (MSM) of the upper limb as seen in skeletal remains. The transition to an agricultural way of life resulted in higher loads on the upper limb in Neolithic populations compared to the Natufian hunter‐gatherer populations that preceded them. The MSM pattern for males and females indicates a gender‐ba…
Prehistory and paleoenvironments of submerged sites along the Carmel Coast of Israel
Des sites préhistoriques récents submergés ont été découverts récemment le long de la côte du Carmel. Leur paléoenvironnement a été reconstitué en grande partie grâce à la palynologie. Les processus géologiques liés à ces sites peuvent se résumer comme suit : 1 ) marais d'eau douce à saumâtre au début de l'Holocène; 2) régression marine suivie par l'assèchement des marais et l'occupation humaine au cours du Néolithique-Chalcolithique; 3) transgre…
New insights into Levantine copper trade
Evidence for Earliest Olive-Oil Production in Submerged Settlements off the Carmel Coast, Israel
Fish Processing During the Early Holocene
Recent maritime archaeological research in Israel-A preliminary report
Underwater surveys and rescue excavations along the Israeli coast
Bronze Age ship's cargo of copper and tin
From peaks to ports
Atlit-Yam
Atlit- Yam, a settlement 400 m off the Israeli shore, is the largest (60,000 sq m) and most deeply submerged (8–12 m bsl) prehistoric settlement ever uncovered along the Mediterranean coast. The architecture of the dwellings, the lithic tool assemblages, and radiocarbon dating indicate habitation during the late Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) period) ca. 8100–7500 B.P. Floral and faunal remains suggest that the village economy was complex, based on …
The Emergence and Dispersion of the Eastern Mediterranean Fishing Village
In this paper, we propose a model which predicts the timing, location and form of early eastern Mediterranean fishing villages. A submerged late 9th-7th millennium BP settlement off the Carmel coast of Israel is described and presented as a case study to consider the initial development of Mediterranean fishing villages which would have been based upon a combined agro-pastoral-marine economy. The unique development of water-well technology enable…
Possible congenital hemolytic anemia in prehistoric coastal inhabitants of Israel
The spread of thalassemia among prehistoric populations of the Mediterranean Basin has been linked to the increased risk to early agriculturalists posed by the Plasmodium falciparum parasite. The diagnosis of the disease in human skeletal remains, however, has usually been based on a single pathological criterion, porotic hyperostosis. This paper reports on what we believe to be the earliest case of thalassemia yet identified in the prehistoric r…
The submerged Pre-Pottery Neolithic water well of Atlit-Yam, northern Israel, and its palaeoenvironmental implications
The recent discovery of a vertical open shaft, identified as a well of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic period, was found in a large submerged village off the Atlit promontory, northern Israel. This well indicates that the exploitation of groundwater through wells commenced at the beginning of the eighth millennium BP or possibly earlier. The well lies some 10 m below present sea level, a few hundred metres off the Carmel coast. It is almost 1.5 m in di…
Evidence for a Separate Burial Ground at the Submerged Pottery Neolithic Site of Neve-Yam, Israel
Des fouilles de sauvetage et des observations de terrain à Neve-Yam, un village de la culture Wadi Rabah (Néolithique céramique, 2nde moitié du VIIIe millénaire cal. BP), submergé de la côte du Carmel, ont révélé des tombes en pierre aux caractéristiques particulières. Elles étaient concentrées dans un secteur spécifique du site, voué aux rituels funéraires. Il n’y avait pas d’habitations dans cette partie destinée aux inhumations, et aucune tomb…
Year-old human remains on the sea floor near Atlit, Israel
A Late Bronze Age Shipwreck with a Metal Cargo from Hishuley Carmel, Israel
A 13th-century-BC shipwreck site, Hishuley Carmel, is described and discussed. It provides direct evidence for marine transport of copper and tin along the Israeli coast and may indicate inland and maritime trade-routes of metals in the Mediterranean. The shipwreck represents a supply-system providing the demand for bronze in the Levant. Trace-elements and lead-isotope analysis suggest that the copper came from Cyprus, similarly to bun and oxhide…
Lead Use on Roman Ships and its Environmental Effects
Underwater surveys along the Israeli coast have yielded numerous lead artefacts recovered from Roman shipwrecks, found due to sand shortage caused by nature and man. Unique site-formation processes resulted in intact and preserved assemblages of lead artefacts unaffected by prior salvage. These included hull sheathing, anchors, fishing gear, cooking equipment and containers. Most lead was in objects intended only for nautical use. The finds indic…
Ancient olive DNA in pits
Fishing-gear sinkers recovered from an underwater wreckage site, off the Carmel coast, Israel
A classification scheme for the large number of fishing-gear sinkers recovered along the Israeli coast is devised. Sinkers, or weights, of lead and stone are classified by material, shape and method of manufacture
Fishing Gear from a 7th-Century Shipwreck off Dor, Israel
The ancient anchorage of Dor, Israel, contains wreck-sites from several periods. Underwater exploration of one Byzantine wreck discovered the remains of a medium-size boat constructed with iron nails. Coin-finds dated it to c.665 AD, after the Muslim conquest. The wreck was probably caused by natural agents, but an event in the Byzantine-Muslim conflict can not be discounted. The artefacts include a group of objects testifying to the practice of …
A group of stone anchors from Newe-Yam
Iconographic motifs from the 6th–5th millennia BC in the Levant and Mesopotamia
Plusieurs objets gravés de motifs peu habituels ont été récemment découverts lors de prospections et de fouilles de sauvetage en Israël sur des sites datés des 6e et 5e millénaires av. J.-C. Au Levant Sud (Hagoshrim, Neve Yam et Ein Zippori), ces motifs s’observent sur des objets en os et des palettes en pierre attribués au Chalcolithique ancien du Wadi Rabah et aux cultures post-Wadi Rabah. En Mésopotamie (Assur, Mari), ils sont gravés sur des s…
Invading a new niche
Ancient Fishing Gear and Associated Artifacts from Underwater Explorations in Israel - A Comparative Study
Underwater archaeological explorations along the Israeli coast have revealed fish remains, fishing gear, and auxiliary implements. These were recovered from submerged prehistoric villages, anchorages, harbors, fishing grounds, and shipwreck sites. Prehistoric fishing techniques included free-diving fishing and fishing by nets and hooks. A set of fishing gear recovered from a Roman shipwreck off the Carmel coast included netting tools, fishing hoo…
The Evolution of Akko Harbor and its Mediterranean Maritime Trade Links
Archaeological investigations carried out in Akko Harbor from 1992 to 2004 are described and discussed, providing information on its long history. During the Bronze Age, Iron Age, and Persian periods, maritime activity in Akko relied on a natural anchorage. Sediments and artifacts suggest that the harbor was first constructed during the Hellenistic period and flourished since then. In the Byzantine period, the southern breakwater was in ruins and…
A group of stone anchors from Newe-Yam
Recent maritime archaeological research in Israel-A preliminary report
Prehistory and paleoenvironments of submerged sites along the Carmel Coast of Israel
Des sites préhistoriques récents submergés ont été découverts récemment le long de la côte du Carmel. Leur paléoenvironnement a été reconstitué en grande partie grâce à la palynologie. Les processus géologiques liés à ces sites peuvent se résumer comme suit : 1 ) marais d'eau douce à saumâtre au début de l'Holocène; 2) régression marine suivie par l'assèchement des marais et l'occupation humaine au cours du Néolithique-Chalcolithique; 3) transgre…
Bronze Age ship's cargo of copper and tin
A Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B Site on The Sea Floor at Atlit
Holocene Sea-Level Changes Based on Submerged Archaeological Sites off the Northern Carmel Coast in Israel
A series of submerged archaeological sites found on the continental shelf between Haifa and Atlit indicate a continuous marine transgression between 8000 and 1500 yr B.P. The sites are embedded in the upper part of a marshy clay that fills the trough between the coastal aeolianite (kurkar) ridge and a ridge now submerged some 1000 to 1500 m to the west. The submerged prehistoric sites belong to two main chronological units: Prepottery Neolithic B…
Underwater Survey at the Carmel Coast
EHUD GALILI, E. Galilee, Underwater Survey at the Carmel Coast: Boat Remains and Submerged Settlements, Mitekufat Haeven: Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society / מתקופת האבן, כרך כא (תשמ"ט / 1988), pp. 175*-176
Appearance of Olives in Submerged Neolithic Sites Along The Carmel Coast
EHUD GALILI, MINA WEINSTEIN-EVRON, DANIEL ZOHARY, Appearance of Olives in Submerged Neolithic Sites Along the Carmel Coast, Mitekufat Haeven: Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society / מתקופת האבן, כרך כב (תש"ן / 1989), pp. 95*-97
Basketry and a Wooden Bowl from The Pottery Neolithic Submerged Site of Kefar Samir
EHUD GALILI, TAMAR SCHICK, Basketry and a Wooden Bowl from the Pottery Neolithic Sumberged site of Kefar Samir, Mitekufat Haeven: Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society / מתקופת האבן, כרך כג (תש"ן / 1990), pp. 142*-151
Year-old human remains on the sea floor near Atlit, Israel
The morphological significance of the Homo I Skeleton from the PPNB submerged site at Atlit-Yam, Israel
Le site ď Atlit Yam est situé à 10 km au Sud de Haifa, en Israël, à une distance de plus de 200 m du rivage actuel et à une profondeur de 8 à 12 mètres. Il peut être rapporté au Néolithique pré-céramique В du Levant (PPNB), et une datation au Carbone 14 a donné un âge de 8140 +/- 120 ans. Parmi les vestiges osseux, la présence d'un squelette pour la première fois relativement complet permet de préciser les caractères morphologiques de cette popul…
Possible congenital hemolytic anemia in prehistoric coastal inhabitants of Israel
The spread of thalassemia among prehistoric populations of the Mediterranean Basin has been linked to the increased risk to early agriculturalists posed by the Plasmodium falciparum parasite. The diagnosis of the disease in human skeletal remains, however, has usually been based on a single pathological criterion, porotic hyperostosis. This paper reports on what we believe to be the earliest case of thalassemia yet identified in the prehistoric r…
Underwater surveys and rescue excavations along the Israeli coast
The submerged Pre-Pottery Neolithic water well of Atlit-Yam, northern Israel, and its palaeoenvironmental implications
The recent discovery of a vertical open shaft, identified as a well of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic period, was found in a large submerged village off the Atlit promontory, northern Israel. This well indicates that the exploitation of groundwater through wells commenced at the beginning of the eighth millennium BP or possibly earlier. The well lies some 10 m below present sea level, a few hundred metres off the Carmel coast. It is almost 1.5 m in di…
Atlit-Yam
Atlit- Yam, a settlement 400 m off the Israeli shore, is the largest (60,000 sq m) and most deeply submerged (8–12 m bsl) prehistoric settlement ever uncovered along the Mediterranean coast. The architecture of the dwellings, the lithic tool assemblages, and radiocarbon dating indicate habitation during the late Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) period) ca. 8100–7500 B.P. Floral and faunal remains suggest that the village economy was complex, based on …
Evidence of Olive Oil Production from The Submerged Site at Kfar Samir, Israel
EHUD GALILI, JACOB SHARVIT, אהוד גלילי, יקב שרביט, עדות לייצור שמן זית באתר התת—ימי של כפר סמיר, ישראל / Evidence of Olive Oil Production from the Submerged Site At Kfar Samir, Israel, Mitekufat Haeven: Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society / מתקופת האבן, כרך כ"ו (תשנ"ה / 1994-5), pp. 122-133
Reconsidering Byblian and Egyptian stone anchors using numeral methods
Reconsidering Byblian and Egyptian stone anchors using numeral methods
Evidence for Earliest Olive-Oil Production in Submerged Settlements off the Carmel Coast, Israel
Symbolic engravings on Byzantine sounding leads from the Carmel coast of Israel
Two Byzantine sounding leads recovered from a shipwreck off the Israeli coast were identified and dated by associated coins and artefacts to the 5th–6th centuries AD. The leads are similarly shaped. A cross and a sign like a capital ‘P’ mark both. They may be from a set including an inshore and a deep-sea lead. A depiction of the stellar constellation Cassiopeia is seen on top of the lug of the small lead. Interpretation of the sign is supported …
Symbolic engravings on Byzantine sounding leads from the Carmel coast of Israel
Two Byzantine sounding leads recovered from a shipwreck off the Israeli coast were identified and dated by associated coins and artefacts to the 5th–6th centuries AD. The leads are similarly shaped. A cross and a sign like a capital‘P’ mark both. They may be from a set including an inshore and a deep-sea lead. A depiction of the stellar constellation Cassiopeia is seen on top of the lug of the small lead. Interpretation of the sign is supported b…
Traces of Fatty Acids from a Byzantine Sounding Lead Recovered off the Israeli Coast
Fish Processing During the Early Holocene
Fishing-gear sinkers recovered from an underwater wreckage site, off the Carmel coast, Israel
A classification scheme for the large number of fishing-gear sinkers recovered along the Israeli coast is devised. Sinkers, or weights, of lead and stone are classified by material, shape and method of manufacture.
Fauna from Five Submerged Pottery Neolithic Sites off The Carmel Coast
LIORA KOLSKA HORWITZ, EHUD GALILI, JACOB SHARVIT, OMRI LERNAU, ליאורה ק. הורביץ, אהוד גלילי, יעקב שרביט, עומרי לרנאו, מכלולי פאונה מחמישה אתרי ניאולית קראמי שקועים בחוף הכרמל / Fauna from Five Submerged Pottery Neolithic Sites off the Carmel Coast, Mitekufat Haeven: Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society / מתקופת האבן, כרך ל"ב (תשס"ב, 2002), pp. 147-174
Archaeology (72 works) · Maritime and Coastal Archaeology (67 works) · Geography (59 works) · Archaeology and Historical Studies (39 works) · Geology (38 works) · History (32 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (31 works) · History (26 works) · Ancient history (22 works) · Oceanography (18 works)