Kenneth E Glander
Biographic Data
| ID | 625176 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Kenneth E Glander |
| GIVEN NAMES | Kenneth E |
| FAMILY NAME | Glander |
| SIGNATURE | GLANDER K E |
| AFFILIATIONS | Duke University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9563-4660 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 42 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 548 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 42 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1979 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2020 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Sexual dimorphism and growth in Alouatta palliata based on 20+ years of field data
OBJECTIVES: Alouatta palliata patterns of growth and sexual dimorphism are evaluated using 20 plus years of field data. Comparisons are made to other species of Alouatta and other New World primates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records of 92 A. palliata from Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica, were used to generate growth curves for body mass and linear measurements. Timing of growth for the properties was compared, and males and females were contrasted.…
The gut microbiome of nonhuman primates
The mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) tract is home to trillions of bacteria that play a substantial role in host metabolism and immunity. While progress has been made in understanding the role that microbial communities play in human health and disease, much less attention has been given to host-associated microbiomes in nonhuman primates (NHPs). Here we review past and current research exploring the gut microbiome of NHPs. First, we summarize met…
Darting Primates
Thyroid hormone fluctuations indicate a thermoregulatory function in both a tropical ( Alouatta palliata ) and seasonally cold‐habitat ( Macaca fuscata ) primate
Thyroid hormones boost animals’ basal metabolic rate and represent an important thermoregulatory pathway for mammals that face cold temperatures. Whereas the cold thermal pressures experienced by primates in seasonal habitats at high latitudes and elevations are often apparent, tropical habitats also display distinct wet and dry seasons with modest changes in thermal environment. We assessed seasonal and temperature‐related changes in thyroid hor…
Measuring Microhabitat Temperature in Arboreal Primates
Dust in the wind
OBJECTIVES: Two factors have been considered important contributors to tooth wear: dietary abrasives in plant foods themselves and mineral particles adhering to ingested food. Each factor limits the functional life of teeth. Cross-population studies of wear rates in a single species living in different habitats may point to the relative contributions of each factor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examine macroscopic dental wear in populations of Aloua…
Testing parallel laser image scaling for remotely measuring body dimensions on mantled howling monkeys ( Alouatta palliata )
Body size is a fundamental variable for many studies in primate biology. However, obtaining body dimensions of wild primates through live capture is difficult and costly, so developing an alternative inexpensive and non-invasive method is crucial. Parallel laser image scaling for remotely measuring body size has been used with some success in marine and terrestrial animals, but only one arboreal primate. We further tested the efficacy of this met…
Body temperature and thermal environment in a generalized arboreal anthropoid, wild mantled howling monkeys ( Alouatta palliata )
Free‐ranging primates are confronted with the challenge of maintaining an optimal range of body temperatures within a thermally dynamic environment that changes daily, seasonally, and annually. While many laboratory studies have been conducted on primate thermoregulation, we know comparatively little about the thermal pressures primates face in their natural, evolutionarily relevant environment. Such knowledge is critical to understanding the evo…
Daily activity and light exposure levels for five species of lemurs at the duke lemur center
Light is the primary synchronizer of all biological rhythms, yet little is known about the role of the 24‐hour luminous environment on nonhuman primate circadian patterns, making it difficult to understand the photic niche of the ancestral primate. Here we present the first data on proximate light–dark exposure and activity–rest patterns in free‐ranging nonhuman primates. Four individuals each of five species of lemurs at the Duke Lemur Center ( …
Methods for Studying the Ecological Physiology of Feeding in Free-Ranging Howlers (Alouatta palliata) at La Pacifica, Costa Rica
Secondary transfer of adult mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata) on Hacienda La Pacifica, Costa Rica
Natal emigration by both sexes in the La Pacifica population of mantled howlers
We have reported previously that all male and female mantled howlers emigrate from natal groups at Hacienda La Pacifica, Costa Rica. In the years since that report, a small number of juveniles have stayed in the natal group without experiencing a solitary phase. Here, we present a post hoc analysis on juvenile emigration in six groups of howlers under observation for varying amounts of time between 1972 and 2005. Our records revealed 139 juvenile…
Telemetry System for Assessing Jaw-Muscle Function in Free-ranging Primates
Lemur Diversity in Madagascar
Mechanical Defenses in Leaves Eaten by Costa Rican Howling Monkeys (Alouatta palliata)
Primate species often eat foods of different physical properties. This may have implications for tooth structure and wear in those species. The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanical defenses of leaves eaten by Alouatta palliata from different social groups at Hacienda La Pacifica in Costa Rica. Leaves were sampled from the home-ranges of groups living in different microhabitats. Specimens were collected during the wet and dry season…
Dental topography and molar wear in Alouatta palliata from Costa Rica
Paleoprimatologists depend on relationships between form and function of teeth to reconstruct the diets of fossil species. Most of this work has been limited to studies of unworn teeth. A new approach, dental topographic analysis, allows the characterization and comparison of worn primate teeth. Variably worn museum specimens have been used to construct species‐specific wear sequences so that measurements can be compared by wear stage among taxa …
Intake, digestibility, and passage of a commercially designed diet by two propithecus species
The digestibility and passage of an experimental diet was used to compare the digestive physiology of two Propithecus species: P. verreauxi and P. tattersalli. Though both animals have a similar feeding ecology, the captive status of P. verreauxi is considered more stable than that of P. tattersalli. The test diet included a local tree species, Rhus copallina, at 15% of dry matter intake (DMI) and Mazuri Leafeater Primate Diet at 85% of DMI. The …
Infant–Nonmother Interactions of Free-Ranging Mantled Howlers (Alouatta palliata) in Costa Rica
Stable isotope ratios indicate diet and habitat use in New World monkeys
This paper demonstrates the use of stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in animal tissue for indicating aspects of species behavioral strategy. We analyzed hair from individuals representing four species of New World monkeys (Alouatta palliata, the mantled howler; Ateles geoffroyi, the spider monkey; Cebus capucinus, the capuchin; and Brachyteles arachnoides, the woolly-spider monkey or muriqui) for delta 13C and delta 15N using previousl…
Dust accumulation in the canopy
Dental microwear researchers consider exogenous grit or dust to be an important cause of microscopic wear on primate teeth. No study to date has examined the accumulation of such abrasives on foods eaten by primates in the forest. This investigation introduces a method to collect dust at various heights in the canopy. Results from dust collection studies conducted at the primate research stations at Ketambe in Indonesia, and Hacienda La Pacifica …
Group takeover by a natal male howling monkey (Alouatta palliata) and associated disappearance and injuries of immatures
Capture techniques and morphometrics for the woolly spider monkey, or muriqui ( Brachyteles arachnoides , E. Geoffroy 1806)
A total of 12 free‐ranging muriquis ( Brachyteles arachnoides ) were captured with Telazol® at Fazenda Esmeralda, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and at Fazenda Barreiro Rico, São Paulo, Brazil. All animals were measured, marked, weighed, and released. Previously reported data suggested that Brachyteles is a sexually dimorphic species with female‐male body weights of 12–15 kg, respectively. We found no statistically significant difference in body weight be…
Sexual dimorphism in canine length of woolly spider monkeys (Brachyteles arachnoides, E. Geoffroy 1806)
Relative growth of the limbs and trunk in sifakas
Limb, trunk, and body weight measurements were obtained for growth series of Milne‐Edwards's diademed sifaka, Propithecus diadema edwardsi , and the golden‐crowned sifaka, Propithecus tattersalli . Similar measures were obtained also for primarily adults of two subspecies of the western sifaka: Propithecus verreauxi coquereli , Coquerel's sifaka, and Propithecus verreauxi verreauxi , Verreaux's sifaka. Ontogenetic series for the larger‐bodied P. …
Primates and their habitats in northern Colombia with recommendations for future management and research
Sexual selection and canine dimorphism in new world monkeys
Social and ecological factors are important in shaping sexual dimorphism in Anthropoidea, but there is also a tendency for body‐size dimorphism and canine dimorphism to increase with increased body size (Rensch's rule) (Rensch: Evolution Above the Species Level . London: Methuen, 1959.) Most ecologists interpret Rensch's rule to be a consequence of social and ecological selective factors that covary with body size, but recent claims have been adv…
Reproduction and population growth in free‐ranging mantled howling monkeys
Free‐ranging mantled howling monkey ( Alouatta palliata Gray) females experienced a regular estrus cycle averaging 16.3 days, demonstrated sexual skin changes, and participated in multiple matings before becoming pregnant. Gestation averaged 186 days. The average interval between births was 22.5 months. Sexual maturity occurred at approximately 36 and 42 months for females and males, respectively. Female age at first birth was about 31⁄2 years. B…
The impact of plant secondary compounds on primate feeding behavior
The recent literature on plant secondary compounds and their influence on primate feeding behavior is reviewed. Many studies of nonhuman primates document the extreme selectivity that primates, particularly herbivorous species, demonstrate in their food choice. Until quite recently investigators interpreted this to mean that herbivorous primates were not food limited. This view has been challenged in the past 10 years by researchers concentrating…
Morphometrics and testicle size of rain forest lemur species from southeastern Madagascar
Dispersal patterns in Costa Rican mantled howling monkeys
Dust accumulation in the canopy
Dental microwear researchers consider exogenous grit or dust to be an important cause of microscopic wear on primate teeth. No study to date has examined the accumulation of such abrasives on foods eaten by primates in the forest. This investigation introduces a method to collect dust at various heights in the canopy. Results from dust collection studies conducted at the primate research stations at Ketambe in Indonesia, and Hacienda La Pacifica …
Dental microwear in live, wild‐trapped Alouatta palliata from Costa Rica
One problem with dental microwear analyses of museum material is that investigators can never be sure of the diets of the animals in question. An obvious solution to this problem is to work with live animals. Recent work with laboratory primates has shown that high resolution dental impressions can be obtained from live animals. The purpose of this study was to use similar methods to begin to document rates and patterns of dental microwear for pr…
Relative growth of the limbs and trunk in sifakas
Limb, trunk, and body weight measurements were obtained for growth series of Milne‐Edwards's diademed sifaka, Propithecus diadema edwardsi , and the golden‐crowned sifaka, Propithecus tattersalli . Similar measures were obtained also for primarily adults of two subspecies of the western sifaka: Propithecus verreauxi coquereli , Coquerel's sifaka, and Propithecus verreauxi verreauxi , Verreaux's sifaka. Ontogenetic series for the larger‐bodied P. …
Dental topography and molar wear in Alouatta palliata from Costa Rica
Paleoprimatologists depend on relationships between form and function of teeth to reconstruct the diets of fossil species. Most of this work has been limited to studies of unworn teeth. A new approach, dental topographic analysis, allows the characterization and comparison of worn primate teeth. Variably worn museum specimens have been used to construct species‐specific wear sequences so that measurements can be compared by wear stage among taxa …
Mechanical Defenses in Leaves Eaten by Costa Rican Howling Monkeys (Alouatta palliata)
Primate species often eat foods of different physical properties. This may have implications for tooth structure and wear in those species. The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanical defenses of leaves eaten by Alouatta palliata from different social groups at Hacienda La Pacifica in Costa Rica. Leaves were sampled from the home-ranges of groups living in different microhabitats. Specimens were collected during the wet and dry season…
Lemur Diversity in Madagascar
Dust in the wind
OBJECTIVES: Two factors have been considered important contributors to tooth wear: dietary abrasives in plant foods themselves and mineral particles adhering to ingested food. Each factor limits the functional life of teeth. Cross-population studies of wear rates in a single species living in different habitats may point to the relative contributions of each factor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examine macroscopic dental wear in populations of Aloua…
Telemetry System for Assessing Jaw-Muscle Function in Free-ranging Primates
Infant–Nonmother Interactions of Free-Ranging Mantled Howlers (Alouatta palliata) in Costa Rica
Body temperature and thermal environment in a generalized arboreal anthropoid, wild mantled howling monkeys ( Alouatta palliata )
Free‐ranging primates are confronted with the challenge of maintaining an optimal range of body temperatures within a thermally dynamic environment that changes daily, seasonally, and annually. While many laboratory studies have been conducted on primate thermoregulation, we know comparatively little about the thermal pressures primates face in their natural, evolutionarily relevant environment. Such knowledge is critical to understanding the evo…
Sexual dimorphism in canine length of woolly spider monkeys (Brachyteles arachnoides, E. Geoffroy 1806)
Darting Primates
Methods for Studying the Ecological Physiology of Feeding in Free-Ranging Howlers (Alouatta palliata) at La Pacifica, Costa Rica
Measuring Microhabitat Temperature in Arboreal Primates
Sexual dimorphism and growth in Alouatta palliata based on 20+ years of field data
OBJECTIVES: Alouatta palliata patterns of growth and sexual dimorphism are evaluated using 20 plus years of field data. Comparisons are made to other species of Alouatta and other New World primates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records of 92 A. palliata from Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica, were used to generate growth curves for body mass and linear measurements. Timing of growth for the properties was compared, and males and females were contrasted.…
Daily activity and light exposure levels for five species of lemurs at the duke lemur center
Light is the primary synchronizer of all biological rhythms, yet little is known about the role of the 24‐hour luminous environment on nonhuman primate circadian patterns, making it difficult to understand the photic niche of the ancestral primate. Here we present the first data on proximate light–dark exposure and activity–rest patterns in free‐ranging nonhuman primates. Four individuals each of five species of lemurs at the Duke Lemur Center ( …
Physical Anthropology
Reproduction and population growth in free‐ranging mantled howling monkeys
Free‐ranging mantled howling monkey ( Alouatta palliata Gray) females experienced a regular estrus cycle averaging 16.3 days, demonstrated sexual skin changes, and participated in multiple matings before becoming pregnant. Gestation averaged 186 days. The average interval between births was 22.5 months. Sexual maturity occurred at approximately 36 and 42 months for females and males, respectively. Female age at first birth was about 31⁄2 years. B…
Adoption of infant howling monkeys ( Alouatta palliata )
During 3 years of continuous field observations on mantled howlers ( Alouatta palliata Gray) in Costa Rica we observed five infants without mothers in the main study group. Four of these infants solicited care and two were adopted (one permanently, one temporarily) by lactating females. The other two were carried but not adopted. The fifth neither solicited nor received care. An infant must solicit care to receive care, and female howlers apparen…
The foraging strategy of howler monkeys
The impact of plant secondary compounds on primate feeding behavior
The recent literature on plant secondary compounds and their influence on primate feeding behavior is reviewed. Many studies of nonhuman primates document the extreme selectivity that primates, particularly herbivorous species, demonstrate in their food choice. Until quite recently investigators interpreted this to mean that herbivorous primates were not food limited. This view has been challenged in the past 10 years by researchers concentrating…
Food choice from endemic North Carolina tree species by captive prosimians ( Lemur fulvus )
Seven captive‐born lemurs ( Lemur fulvus ) at the Duke University Primate Center were presented with leaves of different maturity from five species of North Carolina trees. The animals demonstrated three distinct behaviors toward the novel plant material. They sniffed, tasted, and/or ingested it. New leaves were sniffed, but little tasting and ingestion was observed. Intermediate pine needles were sniffed and ingested but little tasted. Mature le…
The impact of cropping on wild populations of Saguinus mystax and Saguinus fuscicollis in Peru
A transect census technique was used to estimate the population densities of Saguinus mystax and Saguinus fuscicollis at two sites in Peru. Cropping of these two species had occurred five years before the census at one site and two years before at the other. The populations of S. mystax at both sites had recovered completely from cropping, and the relationship between S. mystax and S. fuscicollis had not been altered at one site and had been reve…
Biological Anthropology
Biological Anthropology
Spider monkey home ranges
The ranging patterns of two male and five female spider monkeys ( Ateles geoffroyi ) were studied with the use of radio telemetry in Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica. The average size of a spider monkey home range was 62.4 hectares; however, range size varied with sex, and, for females, with the presence of a dependent infant. The probability of encountering a radio‐collared spider monkey in a three‐hour search using radio telemetry (0.91) wa…
Sexual selection and canine dimorphism in new world monkeys
Social and ecological factors are important in shaping sexual dimorphism in Anthropoidea, but there is also a tendency for body‐size dimorphism and canine dimorphism to increase with increased body size (Rensch's rule) (Rensch: Evolution Above the Species Level . London: Methuen, 1959.) Most ecologists interpret Rensch's rule to be a consequence of social and ecological selective factors that covary with body size, but recent claims have been adv…
Consumption of cyanogenic bamboo by a newly discovered species of bamboo lemur
Three species of bamboo‐eating lemurs were found to be sympatric in the southeastern rain forests of Madagascar. Sympatric species generally differ in habitat utilization or diet, but these three closely related bamboo lemurs lived in the same habitat and all ate bamboo. Behavioral observation revealed that they did select different parts of the bamboo, and chemical analyses confirmed that there was a difference in the secondary compound content …
Breech delivery and birth‐related behaviors in wild mantled howling monkeys
The breech birth of an infant mantled howling monkey was observed on February 12, 1990. The mother assisted the successful delivery by pulling on the infant's tail and hindleg. No other members of the social group attended the mother or demonstrated any interest in the birth process
Dental microwear in live, wild‐trapped Alouatta palliata from Costa Rica
One problem with dental microwear analyses of museum material is that investigators can never be sure of the diets of the animals in question. An obvious solution to this problem is to work with live animals. Recent work with laboratory primates has shown that high resolution dental impressions can be obtained from live animals. The purpose of this study was to use similar methods to begin to document rates and patterns of dental microwear for pr…
Social organization of free‐ranging ruffed lemurs, Varecia variegata variegata
The relationship between a mother and an adult daughter is examined in a group of free‐ranging ruffed lemurs ( Varecia variegata ) at the Duke University Primate Center (DUPC). Although the two females were affiliative during the birth season, interactions during the mating season were predominantly agonistic. The maturing daughter was dominant to the mother, as has been observed in many caged social groups at the DUPC. Although both mother and d…
Dispersal patterns in Costa Rican mantled howling monkeys
Morphometrics and testicle size of rain forest lemur species from southeastern Madagascar
Capture techniques and morphometrics for the woolly spider monkey, or muriqui ( Brachyteles arachnoides , E. Geoffroy 1806)
A total of 12 free‐ranging muriquis ( Brachyteles arachnoides ) were captured with Telazol® at Fazenda Esmeralda, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and at Fazenda Barreiro Rico, São Paulo, Brazil. All animals were measured, marked, weighed, and released. Previously reported data suggested that Brachyteles is a sexually dimorphic species with female‐male body weights of 12–15 kg, respectively. We found no statistically significant difference in body weight be…
Sexual dimorphism in canine length of woolly spider monkeys (Brachyteles arachnoides, E. Geoffroy 1806)
Relative growth of the limbs and trunk in sifakas
Limb, trunk, and body weight measurements were obtained for growth series of Milne‐Edwards's diademed sifaka, Propithecus diadema edwardsi , and the golden‐crowned sifaka, Propithecus tattersalli . Similar measures were obtained also for primarily adults of two subspecies of the western sifaka: Propithecus verreauxi coquereli , Coquerel's sifaka, and Propithecus verreauxi verreauxi , Verreaux's sifaka. Ontogenetic series for the larger‐bodied P. …
Group takeover by a natal male howling monkey (Alouatta palliata) and associated disappearance and injuries of immatures
Dust accumulation in the canopy
Dental microwear researchers consider exogenous grit or dust to be an important cause of microscopic wear on primate teeth. No study to date has examined the accumulation of such abrasives on foods eaten by primates in the forest. This investigation introduces a method to collect dust at various heights in the canopy. Results from dust collection studies conducted at the primate research stations at Ketambe in Indonesia, and Hacienda La Pacifica …
Stable isotope ratios indicate diet and habitat use in New World monkeys
This paper demonstrates the use of stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in animal tissue for indicating aspects of species behavioral strategy. We analyzed hair from individuals representing four species of New World monkeys (Alouatta palliata, the mantled howler; Ateles geoffroyi, the spider monkey; Cebus capucinus, the capuchin; and Brachyteles arachnoides, the woolly-spider monkey or muriqui) for delta 13C and delta 15N using previousl…
Infant–Nonmother Interactions of Free-Ranging Mantled Howlers (Alouatta palliata) in Costa Rica
Intake, digestibility, and passage of a commercially designed diet by two propithecus species
The digestibility and passage of an experimental diet was used to compare the digestive physiology of two Propithecus species: P. verreauxi and P. tattersalli. Though both animals have a similar feeding ecology, the captive status of P. verreauxi is considered more stable than that of P. tattersalli. The test diet included a local tree species, Rhus copallina, at 15% of dry matter intake (DMI) and Mazuri Leafeater Primate Diet at 85% of DMI. The …
Biology (38 works) · Primate Behavior and Ecology (35 works) · Ecology (30 works) · Zoology (21 works) · Primate (19 works) · Ecology (18 works) · Geography (13 works) · Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior (12 works) · Animal ecology (11 works) · Demography (11 works)