Richard Mcelreath
Biographic Data
| ID | 627797 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Richard Mcelreath |
| GIVEN NAMES | Richard |
| FAMILY NAME | Mcelreath |
| SIGNATURE | MCELREATH R |
| AFFILIATIONS | Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0387-5377 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 45 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 402 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 45 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2001 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Why Did the Gender Gap in Adolescent Life Satisfaction Grow? Evaluating Methodological and Demographic Explanations
The city of Leipzig in Germany conducts large-scale school surveys of adolescents in secondary schools. While in 2010 and 2015 girls were somewhat less satisfied than boys, in 2023 this gender gap had doubled. Why? When asking such a reverse causal question, answers often focus on broad narratives, such as the psychological impact of social media. Here, we illustrate how to probe alternative explanations, such as demographic changes and methodolo…
IPDToolkit
Recently, researchers have begun studying the role that third-party arbitration may play in the evolution of cooperation. Using the iterated prisoner’s dilemma (IPD), they show that arbitration can mitigate the negative effects of perception errors on the stability of cooperative strategies. Open questions, both theoretical and empirical, however, remain. To promote research on the role of third-party arbitration, we introduce an R package, IPDTo…
Machine culture
The complex life course of mobility
Mobility is a major mechanism of human adaptation, both in the deep past and in the present. Decades of research in the human evolutionary sciences have elucidated how much, how and when individuals and groups move in response to their ecology. Prior research has focused on small-scale subsistence societies, often in marginal environments and yielding small samples. Yet adaptive movement is commonplace across human societies, providing an opportu…
Rates of ecological knowledge learning in Pemba, Tanzania
Humans live in diverse, complex niches where survival and reproduction are conditional on the acquisition of knowledge. Humans also have long childhoods, spending more than a decade before they become net producers. Whether the time needed to learn has been a selective force in the evolution of long human childhood is unclear, because there is little comparative data on the growth of ecological knowledge throughout childhood. We measured ecologic…
Racial Disparities in Police Use of Deadly Force Against Unarmed Individuals Persist After Appropriately Benchmarking Shooting Data on Violent Crime Rates
Cesario et al. argue that benchmarking the relative counts of killings by police on relative crime rates, rather than relative population sizes, generates a measure of racial disparity in the use of lethal force that is unbiased by differential crime rates. Their publication, however, lacked any formal derivation showing that their benchmarking methodology has the statistical properties required to establish such a claim. We use the causal model …
Conformity decreases throughout middle childhood among ni-Vanuatu children
Multiple studies have shown that children conform to majorities in perceptual judgment tasks against their better knowledge. However, these studies report contradictory results about how conformity develops over age. Here, we study variation in conformity over the course of middle childhood: we examined potential informational and normative motivations underlying conformity, as well as intracultural variability in their age patterns. We measured …
Gendered movement ecology and landscape use in Hadza hunter-gatherers
Understanding how gendered economic roles structure space use is critical to evolutionary models of foraging behaviour, social organization and cognition. Here, we examine hunter-gatherer spatial behaviour on a very large scale, using GPS devices worn by Hadza foragers to record 2,078 person-days of movement. Theory in movement ecology suggests that the density and mobility of targeted foods should predict spatial behaviour and that strong gender…
Statistical Rethinking
The Golem of Prague Statistical golems Statistical rethinking Tools for golem engineering Summary Chapter 2. Small Worlds and Large Worlds The garden of forking data Building a model Components of the model Making the model go Summary Practice Chapter 3. Sampling the Imaginary Sampling from a grid-appromate posterior Sampling to summarize Sampling to simulate prediction Summary Practice Chapter 4. Geocentric Models Why normal distributions are no…
The ethics and logistics of field-based genetic paternity studies
Biological constraints and socioecological influences on women's pursuit of risk and the sexual division of labour
Machine behaviour
Patterns of paternal investment predict cross-cultural variation in jealous response
The cognitive and cultural foundations of moral behavior
Statistical Rethinking
Statistical Rethinking: A Bayesian Course with Examples in R and Stan builds readers’ knowledge of and confidence in statistical modeling. Reflecting the need for even minor programming in today’s model-based statistics, the book pushes readers to perform step-by-step calculations that are usually automated. This unique computational approach ensures that readers understand enough of the details to make reasonable choices and interpretations in t…
Sustainability of minority culture when inter-ethnic interaction is profitable
Interethnic Interaction, Strategic Bargaining Power, and the Dynamics of Cultural Norms
Ethnic groups are universal and unique to human societies. Such groups sometimes have norms of behavior that are adaptively linked to their social and ecological circumstances, and ethnic boundaries may function to protect that variation from erosion by interethnic interaction. However, such interaction is often frequent and voluntary, suggesting that individuals may be able to strategically reduce its costs, allowing adaptive cultural variation …
The natural selection of bad science
Poor research design and data analysis encourage false-positive findings. Such poor methods persist despite perennial calls for improvement, suggesting that they result from something more than just misunderstanding. The persistence of poor methods results partly from incentives that favour them, leading to the natural selection of bad science. This dynamic requires no conscious strategizing—no deliberate cheating nor loafing—by scientists, only …
When are two tools better than one? Mortars, millingslabs, and the California acorn economy
Strategic social learning and the population dynamics of human behavior
Using Multilevel Models to Estimate Variation in Foraging Returns
Dual-inheritance theory
Humans learn, via observation of others. This article refers to this form of social learning, which may be particular to humans, as cultural learning. The combination of both the high fidelity and frequency of social learning in the lineage has generated cumulative cultural evolution, which may exist to any significant degree only in the lineage. Paleoarchaeology suggests that substantial cumulative cultural evolution has likely been occurring fo…
Modelling cultural evolution
The key to explaining long-run change in nature, to explaining the origin of new species, of whole new types of organisms, and of life itself is to apply Charles Lyell's principle of uniformitarianism to populations. By keeping track of how the small events of everyday life change the composition of populations, one can explain great events over long time scales. Population models allow for an explanation and real causation at both levels (and mo…
The Behavioral Logic of Collective Action
Pastoralism and Wealth Inequality
Pastoralist societies are often portrayed as economically egalitarian, reflecting the volatile nature of livestock herds and the existence of multiple institutions that allow for the redistribution of wealth as a form of insurance. Motivated by an interest in the role of intergenerational transmission in structuring persistent inequality, we examine the extent of intergenerational transmission of material wealth (four measures) and embodied wealt…
Shared Norms and the Evolution of Ethnic Markers
Pastoralism and Wealth Inequality
Pastoralist societies are often portrayed as economically egalitarian, reflecting the volatile nature of livestock herds and the existence of multiple institutions that allow for the redistribution of wealth as a form of insurance. Motivated by an interest in the role of intergenerational transmission in structuring persistent inequality, we examine the extent of intergenerational transmission of material wealth (four measures) and embodied wealt…
A simple model of technological intensification
Are Peasants Risk-Averse Decision Makers
When Natural Selection Favors Imitation of Parents
It is commonly assumed that parents are important sources of socially learned behavior and beliefs. However, the empirical evidence that parents are cultural models is ambiguous, and debates continue over their importance. A formal theory that examines the evolution of psychological tendencies to imitate parents (vertical transmission) and to imitate nonparent adults (oblique transmission) in stochastic fluctuating environments points to forces t…
When are two tools better than one? Mortars, millingslabs, and the California acorn economy
Social Learning and the Maintenance of Cultural Variation
Human societies maintain between‐group variation despite mixing of people and ideas. In order for variation to remain, migrants or their children must preferentially adopt local norms, customs, and beliefs. Yet the details of how cultural variation is maintained, despite mixing, remain unknown. This article addresses this problem by using a simple model of the evolution of cultural learning to interpret the results of a study of cultural variatio…
Sustainability of minority culture when inter-ethnic interaction is profitable
Using Multilevel Models to Estimate Variation in Foraging Returns
Gendered movement ecology and landscape use in Hadza hunter-gatherers
Understanding how gendered economic roles structure space use is critical to evolutionary models of foraging behaviour, social organization and cognition. Here, we examine hunter-gatherer spatial behaviour on a very large scale, using GPS devices worn by Hadza foragers to record 2,078 person-days of movement. Theory in movement ecology suggests that the density and mobility of targeted foods should predict spatial behaviour and that strong gender…
Patterns of paternal investment predict cross-cultural variation in jealous response
Biological constraints and socioecological influences on women's pursuit of risk and the sexual division of labour
The Behavioral Logic of Collective Action
Machine culture
Interethnic Interaction, Strategic Bargaining Power, and the Dynamics of Cultural Norms
Ethnic groups are universal and unique to human societies. Such groups sometimes have norms of behavior that are adaptively linked to their social and ecological circumstances, and ethnic boundaries may function to protect that variation from erosion by interethnic interaction. However, such interaction is often frequent and voluntary, suggesting that individuals may be able to strategically reduce its costs, allowing adaptive cultural variation …
Perspectives on Diamond'sCollapse
Previous articleNext article FreeCA FORUM ON ANTHROPOLOGY IN PUBLICPerspectives on Diamond's Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or SucceedPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailQR Code SectionsMoreReferences CitedAllen, T. F. H., Joseph A. Tainter, and T. W. Hoekstra. 2003. Supplyside sustainability. New York: Columbia University Press.First citation …
Rates of ecological knowledge learning in Pemba, Tanzania
Humans live in diverse, complex niches where survival and reproduction are conditional on the acquisition of knowledge. Humans also have long childhoods, spending more than a decade before they become net producers. Whether the time needed to learn has been a selective force in the evolution of long human childhood is unclear, because there is little comparative data on the growth of ecological knowledge throughout childhood. We measured ecologic…
The ethics and logistics of field-based genetic paternity studies
Conformity decreases throughout middle childhood among ni-Vanuatu children
Multiple studies have shown that children conform to majorities in perceptual judgment tasks against their better knowledge. However, these studies report contradictory results about how conformity develops over age. Here, we study variation in conformity over the course of middle childhood: we examined potential informational and normative motivations underlying conformity, as well as intracultural variability in their age patterns. We measured …
In Search of Homo Economicus
In Search of Homo Economicus: Behavioral Experiments in 15 Small-Scale Societies by Joseph Henrich, Robert Boyd, Samuel Bowles, Colin Camerer, Ernst Fehr, Herbert Gintis and Richard McElreath. Published in volume 91, issue 2, pages 73-78 of American Economic Review, May 2001
Are Peasants Risk-Averse Decision Makers
Social Intelligence in Games
Social Intelligence in Games
The evolution of cultural evolution
Humans are unique in their range of environments and in the nature and diversity of their behavioral adaptations. While a variety of local genetic adaptations exist within our species, it seems certain that the same basic genetic endowment produces arctic foraging, tropical horticulture, and desert pastoralism, a constellation that represents a greater range of subsistence behavior than the rest of the Primate Order combined. The behavioral adapt…
Shared Norms and the Evolution of Ethnic Markers
Social Learning and the Maintenance of Cultural Variation
Human societies maintain between‐group variation despite mixing of people and ideas. In order for variation to remain, migrants or their children must preferentially adopt local norms, customs, and beliefs. Yet the details of how cultural variation is maintained, despite mixing, remain unknown. This article addresses this problem by using a simple model of the evolution of cultural learning to interpret the results of a study of cultural variatio…
Applying evolutionary models to the laboratory study of social learning
“Economic man” in cross-cultural perspective
Researchers from across the social sciences have found consistent deviations from the predictions of the canonical model of self-interest in hundreds of experiments from around the world. This research, however, cannot determine whether the uniformity results from universal patterns of human behavior or from the limited cultural variation available among the university students used in virtually all prior experimental work. To address this, we un…
A simple model of technological intensification
Perspectives on Diamond'sCollapse
Previous articleNext article FreeCA FORUM ON ANTHROPOLOGY IN PUBLICPerspectives on Diamond's Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or SucceedPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailQR Code SectionsMoreReferences CitedAllen, T. F. H., Joseph A. Tainter, and T. W. Hoekstra. 2003. Supplyside sustainability. New York: Columbia University Press.First citation …
The Evolution of Cultural Diversity
The Evolution of Cultural Diversity:. Phylogenetic Approach. Ruth Mace, Clare J. Holden, and Stephen Shennan, eds. Oxford, U.K.: Cavendish Publishing, 2005. 291 pp
Influences on communication about reproduction
Learning, productivity, and noise
Egalitarian motives in humans
Mathematical Models of Social Evolution
Over the last several decades, mathematical models have become central to the study of social evolution, both in biology and the social sciences. But students in these disciplines often seriously lack the tools to understand them. A primer on behavioral modeling that includes both mathematics and evolutionary theory, Mathematical Models of Social Evolution aims to make the student and professional researcher in biology and the social sciences ful…
Conformists and mavericks
Mathematical Models of Social Evolution
Mathematical models have become central to the study of social evolution, both in biology and the social sciences. A primer on behavioral modeling that includes both mathematics and evolutionary theory, this book aims to make the student and professional researcher in biology and the social sciences fully conversant in the language of the field
New Methods in Quantitative Ethnography
A new method for quantitatively documenting concerns for economic fairness has the potential for identifying variation in prosociality within and across societies. Multiple dictator games conducted in two small-scale societies presented decision makers with a choice between an equitable and an inequitable payoff distribution. The games varied in terms of the type of inequality the decision maker faced and the cost to the decision maker of elimina…
When Natural Selection Favors Imitation of Parents
It is commonly assumed that parents are important sources of socially learned behavior and beliefs. However, the empirical evidence that parents are cultural models is ambiguous, and debates continue over their importance. A formal theory that examines the evolution of psychological tendencies to imitate parents (vertical transmission) and to imitate nonparent adults (oblique transmission) in stochastic fluctuating environments points to forces t…
Culture rather than genes provides greater scope for the evolution of large-scale human prosociality
Whether competition among large groups played an important role in human social evolution is dependent on how variation, whether cultural or genetic, is maintained between groups. Comparisons between genetic and cultural differentiation between neighboring groups show how natural selection on large groups is more plausible on cultural rather than genetic variation.
The Behavioral Logic of Collective Action
Pastoralism and Wealth Inequality
Pastoralist societies are often portrayed as economically egalitarian, reflecting the volatile nature of livestock herds and the existence of multiple institutions that allow for the redistribution of wealth as a form of insurance. Motivated by an interest in the role of intergenerational transmission in structuring persistent inequality, we examine the extent of intergenerational transmission of material wealth (four measures) and embodied wealt…
Dual-inheritance theory
Humans learn, via observation of others. This article refers to this form of social learning, which may be particular to humans, as cultural learning. The combination of both the high fidelity and frequency of social learning in the lineage has generated cumulative cultural evolution, which may exist to any significant degree only in the lineage. Paleoarchaeology suggests that substantial cumulative cultural evolution has likely been occurring fo…
Modelling cultural evolution
The key to explaining long-run change in nature, to explaining the origin of new species, of whole new types of organisms, and of life itself is to apply Charles Lyell's principle of uniformitarianism to populations. By keeping track of how the small events of everyday life change the composition of populations, one can explain great events over long time scales. Population models allow for an explanation and real causation at both levels (and mo…
Strategic social learning and the population dynamics of human behavior
Psychology (24 works) · Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation (22 works) · Sociology (22 works) · Economics (17 works) · Language and cultural evolution (17 works) · Computer Science (15 works) · Social Psychology (15 works) · Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies (12 works) · Biology (11 works) · Geography (11 works)