Carol E Kaufman
Biographic Data
| ID | 632813 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Carol E Kaufman |
| GIVEN NAMES | Carol E |
| FAMILY NAME | Kaufman |
| SIGNATURE | KAUFMAN C E |
| AFFILIATIONS | Colorado School of Public Health |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5136-3862 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 45 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 161 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 45 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1998 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Rural Native Veterans’ Perceptions of Care in the Context of Navigator Program Development
Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancy Risk, Mental Health, Self-Understanding, and Relational Connections Among Urban Native American Young Women During the Covid-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic had a disproportionate impact on American Indian and Alaska Native ("Native") communities, including factors impacting alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP) risk. This is especially true for young Native women in urban settings, where over 70% of the population resides, yet their experiences are rarely accounted for in research. We conducted remote in-depth interviews from March to May 2022, roughly concurrent with the Omicron sur…
Perceptions of Health in the Denver Refugee Community
Refugees often face significant barriers to healthcare access and integration, contributing to poor health outcomes. Although perceptions of health are known predictors of self-reported health status, little is known about how refugees themselves conceptualize health. This study employed a community-engaged, transformative mixed-methods design to explore refugee health perceptions in the Denver-metro area. Data collection included 149 surveys and…
Tribal Perspectives on Patient Navigation for Rural Native Veterans Using Veteran Health Administration Services
Virtual Research with Urban Native Young Women
Virtual technologies, such as videoconferencing, social media, and mobile health apps, offer many tools to reach communities, especially in a pandemic. The virtualization of research with AIAN communities requires a significant investment in time, resources and planning to mitigate disadvantages; it cannot fully replace in-person-based community-based participatory research approaches, but may offer many strengths and unique advantages for resear…
Suicide Among American Indian and Alaska Native Veterans Who Use Veterans Health Administration Care
BACKGROUND: American Indian and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) veterans may be at elevated risk for suicide, but little is known about suicide among this population. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of AI/AN veterans who received health care services provided or paid for by the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) between October 1, 2002, and September 30, 2014, and who were alive as of September 30, 2003. Age-specific and age-adjus…
Centering Native Youths' Needs and Priorities
Health advocates are increasingly using social media and mobile technology to reach American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth to address important health topics and enhance protective factors. Public health experts did not know to what extent AI/AN youth used these tools to access health resources during the pandemic. The Native Youth Health Tech Survey was administered online from October to November 2020 with 349 AI/AN youth 15 to 24 year…
Moving the prevention timeline
INTRODUCTION: Sexual health disparities are leading causes of morbidity among youth of color in the United States. We conducted a scoping review of the literature on precursors to sexual risk-taking among young adolescents of color (ages 10-14) to assess precedents of sexual experience and their utility as measurable proximal constructs and behaviors gauging sexual risk and sexual risk prevention efforts. METHODS: This study was conducted using t…
Intersections of Adverse Childhood Experiences, Race and Ethnicity and Asthma Outcomes
Racial and ethnic minority subpopulations experience a disproportionate burden of asthma and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). These disparities result from systematic differences in risk exposure, opportunity access, and return on resources, but we know little about how accumulated differentials in ACEs may be associated with adult asthma by racial/ethnic groups. We used Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data (N = 114,015) from 2009…
Rural and Urban American Indian and Alaska Native Veteran Health Disparities
Spirituality and mental health status among Northern Plain tribes
Spirituality measures often show positive associations with preferred mental health outcomes in the general population; however, research among American Indians (AIs) is limited. We examined the relationships of mental health status and two measures of spirituality – the Midlife Development Inventory (MIDI) and a tribal cultural spirituality measure – in Northern Plains AIs, aged 15–54 (n = 1636). While the MIDI was unassociated with mental healt…
Beyond Content
The Impact of Individual and Parental American Indian Boarding School Attendance on Chronic Physical Health of Northern Plains Tribes
This study investigated the relationship of American Indian boarding school attendance and chronic physical health. We hypothesized boarding school attendance would be associated with an increased number of chronic physical health problems. We also examined the relationship between boarding school attendance and the 15 chronic health problems that formed the count of the chronic health conditions. American Indian attendees had a greater count of …
Dissemination and uptake of HIV/STD preventive interventions in American Indian and Alaska Native communities
Objectives: HIV and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are serious health conditions among American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) populations, especially youth. However, few sexual risk reduction evidence-based interventions (EBIs) have been implemented by AIAN-serving organizations. This project sought to identify and assess the parameters facilitating the uptake and use of EBIs in order to strengthen opportunities for sustainability and imp…
The relationship of five boarding school experiences and physical health status among Northern Plains Tribes
Advancing Scientific Methods in Community and Cultural Context to Promote Health Equity
Evidence-based interventions hold promise for reducing gaps in health equity across diverse populations, but evidence about effectiveness within these populations lags behind the mainstream, often leaving opportunities to fulfill this promise unrealized. Mismatch between standard intervention outcomes research methods and the cultural and community contexts of populations at greatest risk presents additional challenges in designing and implementi…
Self‐Efficacy About Sexual Risk/Protective Behaviors
For adolescents, normative development encompasses learning to negotiate challenges of sexual situations; of special importance are skills to prevent early pregnancy, HIV, and other sexually transmitted diseases. Disparities in sexual risk among American Indian youth point to the importance of intervening to attenuate this risk. This study explored the impact of Circle of Life (COL), an HIV prevention intervention based on social cognitive theory…
Impacting Precursors to Sexual Behavior Among Young American Indian Adolescents of the Northern Plains
We assessed the effectiveness of a culturally grounded, multimedia, sexual risk reduction intervention called Circle of Life (mCOL), designed to increase knowledge and self-efficacy among preteen American Indians and Alaska Natives. Partnering with Native Boys and Girls Clubs in 15 communities across six Northern Plains reservations, we conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial among 10- to 12-year-olds ( n = 167; mean age = 11.2). Club uni…
The Promise of Technology to Advance Rigorous Evaluation of Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Programs in American Indian and Alaska Native Tribal Communities
The authors discusses the potential impact that technology might have on the process of evaluating the efficacy of adolescent pregnancy prevention programs in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) tribal communities as of 2016, and it mentions the challenges that are associated with implementing rigorous evaluation designs and research programs involving members of AI/AN tribes. Online interventions for AI/AN youth and adolescents are examine…
Effectiveness of Circle of Life, an HIV-Preventive Intervention for American Indian Middle School Youths
Objectives. We assessed the effectiveness of Circle of Life (COL), an HIV-preventive intervention developed specifically for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) middle school youths. Methods. By partnering with a tribal community, we conducted a longitudinal wait-listed group randomized trial with 635 seventh and eighth graders in 13 schools of a Northern Plains tribe. We surveyed participants at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months from 2006 …
Providing Culturally Competent Services for American Indian and Alaska Native Veterans to Reduce Health Care Disparities
Objectives. We conducted an exploratory study to determine what organizational characteristics predict the provision of culturally competent services for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) veterans in Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health facilities. Methods. In 2011 to 2012, we adapted the Organizational Readiness to Change Assessment (ORCA) for a survey of 27 VA facilities in the Western Region to assess organizational readiness and…
Rural Native Veterans in the Veterans Health Administration
PURPOSE: The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the Indian Health Service (IHS) signed a Memo of Understanding in 2010 to strengthen their partnership in improving health care services for Native veterans, who are disproportionately rural. This paper describes the demographic and service use profile of rural Native veterans who access VA health care. METHODS: Data were abstracted from the 2008 Veteran Health Administration (VHA) medical data…
Trajectories of Substance Use Among Young American Indian Adolescents
Geographical Access and the Substitution of Traditional Healing for Biomedical Services in 2 American Indian Tribes
OBJECTIVES: American Indians who live in rural reservation communities face substantial geographic barriers to care that may limit their use of health services and contribute to their well-documented health disparities. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of geographical access to care on the use of services for physical and mental health problems and to explore American Indians' use of traditional healing services in relation to …
Circle of Life HIV/Aids-prevention Intervention for American Indian and Alaska Native Youth
This article describes the objectives, theoretical bases, development process, and evaluation efforts to-date for the Circle of Life (COL) curricula, HIV/AIDS prevention interventions designed for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth. The curricula are based on Indigenous models of learning and behavior encompassing concepts of Western theories of health behavior change. The curricula underwent extensive national and community review. …
The Spread of Primary Schooling in sub-Saharan Africa
In 1980 Caldwell hypothesized that the time of the onset of the fertility transition in developing countries would be linked with the achievement of "mass formal schooling." This article applies Demographic and Health Survey data to assess schooling patterns and trends for 23 sub-Saharan African countries, using the percentage of 15-19-year olds who have completed at least four years of schooling as an indicator of progress in education. As backg…
Trajectories of Substance Use Among Young American Indian Adolescents
Adolescent Pregnancy and Parenthood in South Africa
South Africa's total fertility rate is estimated to be one of the lowest in sub‐Saharan Africa, fewer than three births per woman nationally and declining. At the same time, adolescent childbearing levels remain high: More than 30 percent of 19‐year‐old girls are reported to have given birth at least once. Evidence from focus‐group discussions conducted in urban and rural areas in South Africa with young black women and men, and with the parents …
Contraceptive use in South Africa under apartheid
In this paper, patterns of contraceptive use among black South African women in the late 1980s are examined. Multilevel logit models are used to evaluate the extent to which segregation of the African population into homelands gave rise to uneven patterns of contraceptive use; how this pattern was shaped by variations in family-planning acceptability; and the way in which the system of male labor migration and social and economic inequities acros…
Culture, context, and sexual risk among Northern Plains American Indian Youth
Advancing Scientific Methods in Community and Cultural Context to Promote Health Equity
Evidence-based interventions hold promise for reducing gaps in health equity across diverse populations, but evidence about effectiveness within these populations lags behind the mainstream, often leaving opportunities to fulfill this promise unrealized. Mismatch between standard intervention outcomes research methods and the cultural and community contexts of populations at greatest risk presents additional challenges in designing and implementi…
Communities, Opportunities, and Adolescents’ Sexual Behavior in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa
In 2002, the prevalence of HIV among South African clinic attendees under the age of 20 was 15 percent, suggesting a correspondingly high level of unprotected sex and risky sexual behavior. Past research focused on the dynamics of individuals’ and partners’ sexual decisionmaking without accounting for the larger context in which such decisions are made. Do adolescents’ opportunities for schooling, work, and other community activities make a diffe…
Reproductive control in apartheid South Africa
Since its inception in 1974, the South African family planning programme has been widely believed to be linked with white fears of growing black numbers. The programme has been repeatedly attacked by detractors as a programme of social and political control. Yet, in spite of the hostile environment, black women's use of services has steadily increased. Using historical and anthropological evidence, this paper delineates the links between the soci…
Rural and Urban American Indian and Alaska Native Veteran Health Disparities
Cumulative Risk for Early Sexual Initiation Among American Indian Youth
Approximately 3 million teens are diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease (STD) annually; STDs rates for American Indian young adults are among the highest of any racial/ethnic group. An important risk factor for STDs is early initiation of sex. In this study, we examined risk for early initiation with 474 American Indian youth ages 14–18, using 11 risk factors from three developmentally important microsystems (family, school, peers) along …
Religiosity and Spiritual Engagement in Two American Indian Populations
Social scientific investigation into the religiospiritual characteristics of American Indians rarely includes analysis of quantitative data. After reviewing information from ethnographic and autobiographical sources, we present analyses of data from a large, population-based sample of two tribes (n = 3,084). We examine salience of belief in three traditions: aboriginal, Christian, and Native American Church. We then investigate patterns in sociod…
Providing Culturally Competent Services for American Indian and Alaska Native Veterans to Reduce Health Care Disparities
Objectives. We conducted an exploratory study to determine what organizational characteristics predict the provision of culturally competent services for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) veterans in Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health facilities. Methods. In 2011 to 2012, we adapted the Organizational Readiness to Change Assessment (ORCA) for a survey of 27 VA facilities in the Western Region to assess organizational readiness and…
Pregnant or Positive
In communities where early age of childbearing is common and HIV prevalence is high, adolescents may place themselves at risk of HIV because positive or ambivalent attitudes towards pregnancy reduce their motivation to abstain from sex, have sex less often or use condoms. In this study, we analyse cross-sectional survey data from KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, to explore whether an association exists between the desire for pregnancy and perceptions…
Effectiveness of Circle of Life, an HIV-Preventive Intervention for American Indian Middle School Youths
Objectives. We assessed the effectiveness of Circle of Life (COL), an HIV-preventive intervention developed specifically for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) middle school youths. Methods. By partnering with a tribal community, we conducted a longitudinal wait-listed group randomized trial with 635 seventh and eighth graders in 13 schools of a Northern Plains tribe. We surveyed participants at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months from 2006 …
Circle of Life HIV/Aids-prevention Intervention for American Indian and Alaska Native Youth
This article describes the objectives, theoretical bases, development process, and evaluation efforts to-date for the Circle of Life (COL) curricula, HIV/AIDS prevention interventions designed for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth. The curricula are based on Indigenous models of learning and behavior encompassing concepts of Western theories of health behavior change. The curricula underwent extensive national and community review. …
Community confidentiality, consent, and the individual research process
Centering Native Youths' Needs and Priorities
Health advocates are increasingly using social media and mobile technology to reach American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth to address important health topics and enhance protective factors. Public health experts did not know to what extent AI/AN youth used these tools to access health resources during the pandemic. The Native Youth Health Tech Survey was administered online from October to November 2020 with 349 AI/AN youth 15 to 24 year…
Self‐Efficacy About Sexual Risk/Protective Behaviors
For adolescents, normative development encompasses learning to negotiate challenges of sexual situations; of special importance are skills to prevent early pregnancy, HIV, and other sexually transmitted diseases. Disparities in sexual risk among American Indian youth point to the importance of intervening to attenuate this risk. This study explored the impact of Circle of Life (COL), an HIV prevention intervention based on social cognitive theory…
Impacting Precursors to Sexual Behavior Among Young American Indian Adolescents of the Northern Plains
We assessed the effectiveness of a culturally grounded, multimedia, sexual risk reduction intervention called Circle of Life (mCOL), designed to increase knowledge and self-efficacy among preteen American Indians and Alaska Natives. Partnering with Native Boys and Girls Clubs in 15 communities across six Northern Plains reservations, we conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial among 10- to 12-year-olds ( n = 167; mean age = 11.2). Club uni…
The Promise of Technology to Advance Rigorous Evaluation of Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Programs in American Indian and Alaska Native Tribal Communities
The authors discusses the potential impact that technology might have on the process of evaluating the efficacy of adolescent pregnancy prevention programs in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) tribal communities as of 2016, and it mentions the challenges that are associated with implementing rigorous evaluation designs and research programs involving members of AI/AN tribes. Online interventions for AI/AN youth and adolescents are examine…
Alcohol Use, Outcome Expectancies, and HIV Risk Status among American Indian Youth
Contraceptive use in South Africa under apartheid
In this paper, patterns of contraceptive use among black South African women in the late 1980s are examined. Multilevel logit models are used to evaluate the extent to which segregation of the African population into homelands gave rise to uneven patterns of contraceptive use; how this pattern was shaped by variations in family-planning acceptability; and the way in which the system of male labor migration and social and economic inequities acros…
Women's Position and Demographic Change in Sub-Saharan Africa
Excessive Force
The Spread of Primary Schooling in sub-Saharan Africa
In 1980 Caldwell hypothesized that the time of the onset of the fertility transition in developing countries would be linked with the achievement of "mass formal schooling." This article applies Demographic and Health Survey data to assess schooling patterns and trends for 23 sub-Saharan African countries, using the percentage of 15-19-year olds who have completed at least four years of schooling as an indicator of progress in education. As backg…
Reproductive control in apartheid South Africa
Since its inception in 1974, the South African family planning programme has been widely believed to be linked with white fears of growing black numbers. The programme has been repeatedly attacked by detractors as a programme of social and political control. Yet, in spite of the hostile environment, black women's use of services has steadily increased. Using historical and anthropological evidence, this paper delineates the links between the soci…
Adolescent Pregnancy and Parenthood in South Africa
South Africa's total fertility rate is estimated to be one of the lowest in sub‐Saharan Africa, fewer than three births per woman nationally and declining. At the same time, adolescent childbearing levels remain high: More than 30 percent of 19‐year‐old girls are reported to have given birth at least once. Evidence from focus‐group discussions conducted in urban and rural areas in South Africa with young black women and men, and with the parents …
Stress, trauma, and risky sexual behaviour among American Indians in young adulthood
Pregnant or Positive
In communities where early age of childbearing is common and HIV prevalence is high, adolescents may place themselves at risk of HIV because positive or ambivalent attitudes towards pregnancy reduce their motivation to abstain from sex, have sex less often or use condoms. In this study, we analyse cross-sectional survey data from KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, to explore whether an association exists between the desire for pregnancy and perceptions…
Identifying Diverse HIV Risk Groups Among American Indian Young Adults
Bus fare please’
In South Africa, young people's sexual relationships are often underpinned by an economic exchange: gifts or favours for sex. Studies have pointed out the negative consequences of the exchanges that are often characterized by large age differences or power imbalances. Perhaps more pervasive but largely ignored, gift giving in like‐age relationships may also be associated with sexual leverage, an exchange which somehow entitles one partner physica…
Stress, trauma, and risky sexual behaviour among American Indians in young adulthood
This paper examines the relationship of risky sexual behaviour to stress and trauma-often the mediators of the content and structure of everyday life-among young American Indians. School, work, social life, and home life bring about demands and stresses for youth; choices young people make may depend on the quantity and content of those demands. Traumatic events or highly distressing situations may shatter fragile (or even resilient) systems of e…
Equifinality and Multifinality as Guides for Preventive Interventions
Communities, Opportunities, and Adolescents’ Sexual Behavior in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa
In 2002, the prevalence of HIV among South African clinic attendees under the age of 20 was 15 percent, suggesting a correspondingly high level of unprotected sex and risky sexual behavior. Past research focused on the dynamics of individuals’ and partners’ sexual decisionmaking without accounting for the larger context in which such decisions are made. Do adolescents’ opportunities for schooling, work, and other community activities make a diffe…
Resistive Efficacy and Multiple Sexual Partners Among American Indian Young Adults
Contracting a sexually transmitted disease (STD) is one of the most serious public health issues for adolescents and young adults; rates of STDs among American Indian youth are among the highest of any racial or ethnic group in the United States. Although it is one of the key risk factors for spreading STDs, little is known about individual development of multiple sexual partners in any ethnic group. Drawing from social cognitive theory, this stu…
Community confidentiality, consent, and the individual research process
Alcohol Use, Outcome Expectancies, and HIV Risk Status among American Indian Youth
Cumulative Risk for Early Sexual Initiation Among American Indian Youth
Approximately 3 million teens are diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease (STD) annually; STDs rates for American Indian young adults are among the highest of any racial/ethnic group. An important risk factor for STDs is early initiation of sex. In this study, we examined risk for early initiation with 474 American Indian youth ages 14–18, using 11 risk factors from three developmentally important microsystems (family, school, peers) along …
Culture, context, and sexual risk among Northern Plains American Indian Youth
Reflections on a proposed theory of reservation-dwelling American Indian alcohol use
In their recent article, N. Spillane and G. Smith suggested that reservation-dwelling American Indians have higher rates of problem drinking than do either non-American Indians or those American Indians living in nonreservation settings. These authors further argued that problematic alcohol use patterns in reservation communities are due to the lack of contingencies between drinking and "standard life reinforcers" (SLRs), such as employment, hous…
Religiosity and Spiritual Engagement in Two American Indian Populations
Social scientific investigation into the religiospiritual characteristics of American Indians rarely includes analysis of quantitative data. After reviewing information from ethnographic and autobiographical sources, we present analyses of data from a large, population-based sample of two tribes (n = 3,084). We examine salience of belief in three traditions: aboriginal, Christian, and Native American Church. We then investigate patterns in sociod…
Geographical Access and the Substitution of Traditional Healing for Biomedical Services in 2 American Indian Tribes
OBJECTIVES: American Indians who live in rural reservation communities face substantial geographic barriers to care that may limit their use of health services and contribute to their well-documented health disparities. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of geographical access to care on the use of services for physical and mental health problems and to explore American Indians' use of traditional healing services in relation to …
Circle of Life HIV/Aids-prevention Intervention for American Indian and Alaska Native Youth
This article describes the objectives, theoretical bases, development process, and evaluation efforts to-date for the Circle of Life (COL) curricula, HIV/AIDS prevention interventions designed for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth. The curricula are based on Indigenous models of learning and behavior encompassing concepts of Western theories of health behavior change. The curricula underwent extensive national and community review. …
Rural Native Veterans in the Veterans Health Administration
PURPOSE: The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the Indian Health Service (IHS) signed a Memo of Understanding in 2010 to strengthen their partnership in improving health care services for Native veterans, who are disproportionately rural. This paper describes the demographic and service use profile of rural Native veterans who access VA health care. METHODS: Data were abstracted from the 2008 Veteran Health Administration (VHA) medical data…
Trajectories of Substance Use Among Young American Indian Adolescents
Effectiveness of Circle of Life, an HIV-Preventive Intervention for American Indian Middle School Youths
Objectives. We assessed the effectiveness of Circle of Life (COL), an HIV-preventive intervention developed specifically for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) middle school youths. Methods. By partnering with a tribal community, we conducted a longitudinal wait-listed group randomized trial with 635 seventh and eighth graders in 13 schools of a Northern Plains tribe. We surveyed participants at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months from 2006 …
Medicine (34 works) · Psychology (27 works) · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (20 works) · Sociology (20 works) · Demography (16 works) · Gerontology (15 works) · Political science (15 works) · Population (14 works) · Developmental psychology (12 works) · Environmental health (12 works)