D Matsumoto
Biographic Data
| ID | 6341 |
|---|---|
| NAME | D Matsumoto |
| GIVEN NAMES | D |
| FAMILY NAME | Matsumoto |
| SIGNATURE | MATSUMOTO D |
| AFFILIATIONS | San Francisco State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3186-1503 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 86 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 605 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 86 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1983 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 14 |
Cultural Similarities in Rapport Judgments of Silent Interactions
Cross-cultural studies on rapport judgments have demonstrated considerable cultural similarities in those judgments. Previous research, however, asked observers in different countries to rate interviews conducted in their native and non-native languages; thus, language comprehension may have confounded the findings because observers could understand the verbal exchanges in interviews conducted in their native language but perhaps not others. To r…
Behavioral Indicators of Deception and Associated Mental States
Cultural Similarities and Differences in Judgments of Rapport
Rapport is a fundamental building block of human relationships across cultures; yet, there is still a dearth of systematic, cross-cultural research on this important topic. This study contributes to a small but growing literature on the nature of rapport across cultures by examining judgments of rapport by observers from different culture/language groups of interactions involving investigative interviews conducted in different languages. Observer…
Incorporating Consciousness into an Understanding of Emotion and Nonverbal Behavior
We posit a model of emotion and nonverbal behavior (NVB) that incorporates a perspective of consciousness. We leverage an understanding of the neural pathways innervating NVB to describe the complexity of its neural architecture and the links between those pathways and mental states. We suggest that all NVB are activated by both cortical and subcortical structures, allowing for unconscious, coordinated movements across multiple channels as well a…
Effects of multiple discrete emotions on risk-taking propensity
Incidentally elicited multiple, discrete emotions have differential effects on risky behavior
We present a novel theoretical framework called the Action Priming Perspective to predict effects of discrete emotions on judgment and decision‐making and report results from two studies examining five discrete emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness) and neutral on a behavioral task of risky decision‐making. We tested two hypotheses concerning single and combinatorial effects of the emotions based on previous theoretical and empir…
A Half-Century Assessment of the Study of Culture and Emotion
Research on emotion and affective sciences is flourishing today like never before. The impetus for this surge is largely rooted in studies of emotion across cultures and coincides with the half century existence of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology (IACCP). Beginning with studies initially documenting the universality of the expression and recognition of certain facial expressions of emotion in the 1970s, cross-cultural …
Social Judgments of Rapport in Investigative Interviews Across Cultures
Rapport is a fundamental psychological construct and understanding it conceptually, including how it is perceived in social interactions, may have a crucial impact on human relations. Culture may be a key that can disentangle and elucidate dynamic characteristics about the nature of rapport as culture provides different and unique meaning systems. We examined cultural similarities and differences in social perceptions of rapport in a context in w…
Antecedents and Appraisals of Triumph across Four Countries
This study examined cross-cultural similarities and differences in antecedents and appraisals of triumph. Participants in the U.S., Serbia, Russia, and Japan provided open-ended descriptions of previous antecedent events that elicited experiences of triumph, and completed a standard appraisal questionnaire about those events. Events that elicited pride were also included for comparison. The open-ended responses were coded using a framework that d…
Emotion and aggressive intergroup cognitions
Previous research has suggested an important role for the emotion of hatred in intergroup aggression. Recent theoretical and empirical work has strongly suggested that the combination of anger, contempt, and disgust (ANCODI) comprise the basic elements of hatred, and are the key emotions associated with intergroup aggression. No study, however, has provided evidence that these emotions cause hostile cognitions about specific groups. We report two…
The Role of Contempt in Intercultural Cooperation
Little is known about the proximal variables linked to the fact that intercultural interactions produce less cooperation and more competition than intracultural interactions. A recent study demonstrated that comparatively poorer performances in intercultural dyads were linked to differences in the dyad’s home country scores on Hofstede’s dimension Power Distance. This finding suggested a potential role for the emotion of contempt because Power Di…
Judgments of subtle facial expressions of emotion
Most studies on judgments of facial expressions of emotion have primarily utilized prototypical, high-intensity expressions. This paper examines judgments of subtle facial expressions of emotion, including not only low-intensity versions of full-face prototypes but also variants of those prototypes. A dynamic paradigm was used in which observers were shown a neutral expression followed by the target expression to judge, and then the neutral expre…
Cultural Differences in Victory Signals of Triumph
A recent study reported that winners in agonistic competition displayed a victory signal that might be related to power and dominance, but losers did not. We explored cultural differences in this victory expression by reanalyzing data from that study on the country level, examining the association between country means in Olympic judo players’ first expressions at the moment of winning or losing a medal and Hofstede’s Power Distance (PD) dimensio…
Emotions expressed by leaders in videos predict political aggression
Matsumoto, Hwang, and Frank [2012a. Emotions expressed in speeches by leaders of ideologically motivated groups predict aggression. Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression. doi:10.1080/19434472.2012.716449] provided evidence that the verbal expression of anger, contempt, and disgust by leaders of ideologically motivated groups when talking about their archrival opponent outgroups is associated with subsequent political aggressio…
Emotional Language and Political Aggression
We examined how leaders' expressions of emotion and emotion-related appraisals in their speeches were associated with subsequent political aggression by their groups. We obtained records of speeches anchored to identified acts of aggression and selected for analysis those speeches that were available at three points in time prior to those acts. We then coded the speeches for their expressions of emotion and emotion-related appraisals and tested t…
The Language of Political Aggression
We examined the relationship between language and political aggression by examining the words used by world leaders and leaders of ideologically motivated groups when talking about their despised opponent out-groups in their speeches. We searched the archives for records of such speeches, anchoring them to an identified act of aggression or nonaggressive resistance, and analyzed speeches at three points in time prior to those acts. We tested thre…
Cross-Cultural Competence
Assessing Cross-Cultural Competence
Recent years have witnessed the emergence of a number of tests that measure cross-cultural competence; yet to date there is no review of their validity and reliability. This article addresses this gap in the literature. We discuss issues associated with evaluation of the content, construct, and ecological validity of such tests, and review the evidence for 10 tests. We evaluate that evidence, draw conclusions about the tests with the best evidenc…
Evidence for a nonverbal expression of triumph
Emotions expressed in speeches by leaders of ideologically motivated groups predict aggression
Anger, contempt, and disgust are emotions associated with violations of ethics and morality, and recent theoretical work has suggested that they are important drivers of group-based aggression and violence. We test this hypothesis by examining the emotions expressed by leaders of ideologically motivated groups when speaking about outgroups they oppose. We analyzed the content of their speeches at three points in time before an identified act of a…
Culture and Emotion
In this article, the authors integrate the seemingly disparate literature on culture and emotion by offering a biocultural model of emotion that offers three premises heretofore not introduced in the literature: (1) emotions need to be distinguished from other affective phenomena, (2) different types of emotions exist, and (3) within any emotion different domains can be studied. Previous controversies have occurred because writers have called all…
Cultural Differences in the Relative Contributions of Face and Context to Judgments of Emotions
Previous judgment studies of facial expressions of emotion in context have provided mixed results. This article clarifies and extends this literature by testing judgments across cultures and by using novel methodologies that examine both face and context effects. Two studies involving observers from three cultures provided evidence for both face and context effects in emotion judgments and cultural differences in both. Japanese and South Korean o…
Ethnic differences in display rules are mediated by perceived relationship commitment
This study investigated whether Asian Americans and European Americans differ in how to express and modify their perceived emotions in various relationships, and whether those ethnicity differences are mediated by self-reported ratings of perceived relationship commitment to the interactants. Seventy-four Asian American and 84 European American students at San Francisco State University participated in the study. Asian Americans and European Amer…
Judgments of facial expressions of emotion in profile
Despite the fact that facial expressions of emotion have signal value, there is surprisingly little research examining how that signal can be detected under various conditions, because most judgment studies utilize full-face, frontal views. We remedy this by obtaining judgments of frontal and profile views of the same expressions displayed by the same expressors. We predicted that recognition accuracy when viewing faces in profile would be lower …
The new Japan
The New Japan describes the anxiety and unrest that trouble modern Japanese society, the rift between traditional generations and the younger, more cosmopolitan and Westernized people. Matsumoto draws upon a wealth of Japanese and Western sources to present a thorough exploration of both classic and contemporary views of Japanese culture.
Mapping Expressive Differences Around the World
Despite the importance of the concept of cultural display rules in explaining cultural differences in emotional expression and despite the fact that it has been more than 30 years since this concept was coined, there is yet to be a study that surveys display rules across a wide range of cultures. This article reports such a study. More than 5,000 respondents in 32 countries completed the Display Rule Assessment Inventory. The authors examined fiv…
Culture, emotion regulation, and adjustment
This article reports differences across 23 countries on 2 processes of emotion regulation--reappraisal and suppression. Cultural dimensions were correlated with country means on both and the relationship between them. Cultures that emphasized the maintenance of social order--that is, those that were long-term oriented and valued embeddedness and hierarchy--tended to have higher scores on suppression, and reappraisal and suppression tended to be p…
Cultural Influences on the Perception of Emotion
Previous cross-cultural research on the emotions have operationalized culture by country. This article suggests that the use of stable and meaningful dimensions of cultural variability, such as those offered by Hofstede (1980), may be useful in studies on emotion. To illustrate their potential usefulness, cultural differences in previous judgment studies of universal facial expressions were reanalyzed, using Hofstede's (1980, 1983) dimensions. Th…
Assessing Cross-Cultural Competence
Recent years have witnessed the emergence of a number of tests that measure cross-cultural competence; yet to date there is no review of their validity and reliability. This article addresses this gap in the literature. We discuss issues associated with evaluation of the content, construct, and ecological validity of such tests, and review the evidence for 10 tests. We evaluate that evidence, draw conclusions about the tests with the best evidenc…
Culture, Context, and Behavior
In this article I propose a model that posits three major sources of influence on behavior-basic human nature (via universal psychological processes), culture (via social roles), and personality (via individual role identities) and argue that individual behaviors are the products of the interaction between the three. I discuss how culture emerges from the interaction of basic human nature and the ecological contexts in which groups exist, and how…
American-Japanese Cultural Differences in the Recognition of Universal Facial Expressions
Although the universal recognition of facial expressions of emotion is well documented, few studies have examined how cultures differ in the degree to which they perceive the universal emotions accurately. In this study, American and Japanese judges viewed expressions of six universal emotions posed by both Caucasian and Japanese males and females. In addition, all photos met external criteria for validly and reliably portraying the emotions. Sub…
Antecedents of and Reactions to Emotions in the United States and Japan
In this study, we examined the degree of cultural similarity and specificity in emotional experience by asking subjects in the United States and Japan to report their experiences and reactions concerning seven different emotions. The data used for this study were part of a larger cross-cultural study of emotion antecedents and reactions involving more than 2,000 subjects in 27 countries (Wallbott & Scherer, 1986). The American-Japanese comparison…
Context-Specific Measurement of Individualism-Collectivism on the Individual Level
Cross-cultural research would be greatly aided by the availability of psychometrically sound measures of meaningful cultural dimensions of variability on the individual level. We report six studies that establish the validity and reliability of an individual-based assessment inventory of individualistic versus collectivistic tendencies in four social relationships (the Individualism-Collectivism Interpersonal Assessment Inventory-ICIAI). The resu…
Development and validation of a measure of intercultural adjustment potential in Japanese sojourners
Changing Patterns of Individualism and Collectivism in the United States and Japan
We argue that culture is not a rigid or static entity. Instead, it is dynamic, in constant flux across individuals within cultures, and across time. In this article, we use the dimension of individualism vs collectivism (IC) as a specific and limited aspect of culture, within and between the United States and Japan, to highlight this notion. We analyze briefly social changes in the United States and Japan to suggest the changing nature of this di…
Culture and Emotion
In this article, the authors integrate the seemingly disparate literature on culture and emotion by offering a biocultural model of emotion that offers three premises heretofore not introduced in the literature: (1) emotions need to be distinguished from other affective phenomena, (2) different types of emotions exist, and (3) within any emotion different domains can be studied. Previous controversies have occurred because writers have called all…
Cross-Cultural Competence
Culture and Cultural Worldviews
In this paper I delineate the difference between cultural worldviews, cultural practices and actual behaviors, and suggest that verbal descriptions and narratives that are used to extract cultural worldviews and folk theories may not describe actual cultural practices or behaviors that occur in real life. I discuss five types of evidence to support this claim: (1) limitations in the use of selectively chosen verbal statements and (2) some kinds o…
Do Between-Culture Differences Really Mean that People are Different
Statistically significant differences in culture means may or may not reflect practically important differences between people of different cultures. To determine whether differences between culture means represent meaningful differences between individuals, further data analyses involving measures of cultural effect sizes are necessary. In this article the authors recommend four such measures and demonstrate their efficacy on two data sets from …
Are Cultural Differences in Emotion Regulation Mediated by Personality Traits
This article reports a study that documents United States-Japan differences in emotion regulation and demonstrates that those differences are entirely accounted for by individual differences in personality. These findings raise questions about studies that merely document cross-national differences in a psychological variable yet attribute the source of the observed differences to cultural variables without empirical justification to do so. Such …
The influence of emotion recognition and emotion regulation on intercultural adjustment
The robustness of the intercultural adjustment potential scale (Icaps)
Unraveling the psychological correlates of intercultural adjustment potential
The Conceptualization and Expression of Intimacy in Japan and the United States
This study addresses several limitations of previous cross-cultural research of intimacy by (a) differentiating meaning and expression of intimacy, (b) developing items reflecting both cultures'concepts of the two constructs, (c) specifying the relationship context rated, and (d) examining and adjusting cultural response sets in the data set. Findings indicated that the Japanese were more likely to conceptualize intimacy through expressive concep…
Preschoolers' moral actions and emotions in Prisoner's Dilemma
The moral acts of 19 dyads of 4-year-olds in a cognitively simplified version of Prisoner's Dilemma were analyzed in relationship to their friendship, emotions, and processes of conflict resolution.Degree of friendship was rated by teachers; two sociologists used a Q-sort of Group Processes to describe the dyads' interactions; the emotions of each child were coded from videotape--independently of his or her partner's and with the sound turned off…
The Relationship Among Expressions, Labels, and Descriptions of Contempt
This article reports 4 studies that demonstrate that the contempt expression is reliably associated with situations that elicit contempt and that the inability to label the contempt expression reflects a problem with its label or concept and not with the relationship between its expression and emotion. In Study I, the labeling of contempt in fixed-choice judgment tasks did not occur because of a process of elimination. In Studies 2 and 3, the con…
Emotions expressed in speeches by leaders of ideologically motivated groups predict aggression
Anger, contempt, and disgust are emotions associated with violations of ethics and morality, and recent theoretical work has suggested that they are important drivers of group-based aggression and violence. We test this hypothesis by examining the emotions expressed by leaders of ideologically motivated groups when speaking about outgroups they oppose. We analyzed the content of their speeches at three points in time before an identified act of a…
Cultural Differences in the Relative Contributions of Face and Context to Judgments of Emotions
Previous judgment studies of facial expressions of emotion in context have provided mixed results. This article clarifies and extends this literature by testing judgments across cultures and by using novel methodologies that examine both face and context effects. Two studies involving observers from three cultures provided evidence for both face and context effects in emotion judgments and cultural differences in both. Japanese and South Korean o…
The thrill of victory and the agony of defeat
Facial behaviors of medal winners of the judo competition at the 2004 Athens Olympic Games were coded with P. Ekman and W. V. Friesen's (1978) Facial Affect Coding System (FACS) and interpreted using their Emotion FACS dictionary. Winners' spontaneous expressions were captured immediately when they completed medal matches, when they received their medal from a dignitary, and when they posed on the podium. The 84 athletes who contributed expressio…
The Japanese returnee experience
Behavioral Predictions Based on Perceptions of Facial Expressions of Emotion
Current theory and research on the emotions have tended to overlook the importance and possible role of perception on the activation of or change in the feeling states of the individual. Consequently the interaction of the perceptual subsystem with the individual in a predictive or behavioral way has likewise been largely ignored by emotion researchers. Ironically other fields of research give us some insight into the perceptual and affective pro…
International journal of intercultural relations
Developmental characteristics in judgments of emotion from nonverbal vocal cues
International journal of intercultural relations
Cross-cultural examination of the semantic dimensions of body postures
In two studies, we examined the cross-cultural validity of the dimensional structures with which postures are judged. In Study 1, 686 Japanese subjects rated 40 posture expressions on sixteen 5-point semantic differential scale items. Subjects inferred an encoder's attitude towards oneself (i.e., the decoding subject) in hypothetical dyadic situations. A principal-component factor analysis yielded evidence for three independent dimensions resembl…
Preschoolers' moral actions and emotions in Prisoner's Dilemma
The moral acts of 19 dyads of 4-year-olds in a cognitively simplified version of Prisoner's Dilemma were analyzed in relationship to their friendship, emotions, and processes of conflict resolution.Degree of friendship was rated by teachers; two sociologists used a Q-sort of Group Processes to describe the dyads' interactions; the emotions of each child were coded from videotape--independently of his or her partner's and with the sound turned off…
The role of facial response in the experience of emotion
A recent review of the facial feedback literature by Laird (1984) suggested that the effect of facial movement on self-reported mood is large and consistent. In this article, two issues are discussed that suggest that these conclusions are unwarranted. First, methodological problems concerning the facial expressions used to represent valid analogs of emotion and the arousal value of the emotion-eliciting stimuli seriously bring into question the …
Antecedents of and Reactions to Emotions in the United States and Japan
In this study, we examined the degree of cultural similarity and specificity in emotional experience by asking subjects in the United States and Japan to report their experiences and reactions concerning seven different emotions. The data used for this study were part of a larger cross-cultural study of emotion antecedents and reactions involving more than 2,000 subjects in 27 countries (Wallbott & Scherer, 1986). The American-Japanese comparison…
American-Japanese cultural differences in intensity ratings of facial expressions of emotion
Cultural Influences on the Perception of Emotion
Previous cross-cultural research on the emotions have operationalized culture by country. This article suggests that the use of stable and meaningful dimensions of cultural variability, such as those offered by Hofstede (1980), may be useful in studies on emotion. To illustrate their potential usefulness, cultural differences in previous judgment studies of universal facial expressions were reanalyzed, using Hofstede's (1980, 1983) dimensions. Th…
Cultural similarities and differences in display rules
American-Japanese Cultural Differences in the Recognition of Universal Facial Expressions
Although the universal recognition of facial expressions of emotion is well documented, few studies have examined how cultures differ in the degree to which they perceive the universal emotions accurately. In this study, American and Japanese judges viewed expressions of six universal emotions posed by both Caucasian and Japanese males and females. In addition, all photos met external criteria for validly and reliably portraying the emotions. Sub…
Ethnic differences in affect intensity, emotion judgments, display rule attitudes, and self-reported emotional expression in an American sample
Consciousness, Volition, and the Neuropsychology of Facial Expressions of Emotion
Changing Patterns of Individualism and Collectivism in the United States and Japan
We argue that culture is not a rigid or static entity. Instead, it is dynamic, in constant flux across individuals within cultures, and across time. In this article, we use the dimension of individualism vs collectivism (IC) as a specific and limited aspect of culture, within and between the United States and Japan, to highlight this notion. We analyze briefly social changes in the United States and Japan to suggest the changing nature of this di…
Context-Specific Measurement of Individualism-Collectivism on the Individual Level
Cross-cultural research would be greatly aided by the availability of psychometrically sound measures of meaningful cultural dimensions of variability on the individual level. We report six studies that establish the validity and reliability of an individual-based assessment inventory of individualistic versus collectivistic tendencies in four social relationships (the Individualism-Collectivism Interpersonal Assessment Inventory-ICIAI). The resu…
Unmasking Japan
The indisputable fact of Japan's rapidly aging population has been known for some time. But beyond statistics and implications for the future, we do not know much about the actual aging process. Senior citizens and their varied experiences have, for the most part, been obscured by stereotypes. This fascinating new collection of research on the elderly works to put a human face on aging by considering multiple dimensions of the aging experience in…
Culture and self
In this paper, I critically evaluate the logic underlying Markus and Kitayama's (1991) theory of independent and interdependent self‐construals, and examine the evidence that directly tests its major assumptions. On the basis of my review of the studies they cite, and literature from three other sources, I conclude that the evidence severely challenges the validity of their theoretical framework for explaining observed national differences in psy…
Culture and Health
Development and validation of a measure of intercultural adjustment potential in Japanese sojourners
Adjustment of criticism styles in Japanese returnees to Japan
Do Between-Culture Differences Really Mean that People are Different
Statistically significant differences in culture means may or may not reflect practically important differences between people of different cultures. To determine whether differences between culture means represent meaningful differences between individuals, further data analyses involving measures of cultural effect sizes are necessary. In this article the authors recommend four such measures and demonstrate their efficacy on two data sets from …
Culture, Psychology, and Education
In my view, the study of culture provides three main contributions to our understanding of human behavior and mental processes. First there is great knowledge to impart about cultural similarities and differences in behavior, and these form the basis for improving psychological theories. Second the study of culture is a prime example of critical thinking in the field, as cross-cultural research begs the question about whether our notions of truth…
Methodological requirements to test a possible in-group advantage in judging emotions across cultures
The Japanese returnee experience
Psychology (82 works) · Social Psychology (69 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (53 works) · Social Psychology (41 works) · Cognitive psychology (32 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (32 works) · Sociology (28 works) · Developmental psychology (27 works) · Emotions and Moral Behavior (27 works) · Political science (21 works)