J L Gibbons
Biographic Data
| ID | 66096 |
|---|---|
| NAME | J L Gibbons |
| GIVEN NAMES | J L |
| FAMILY NAME | Gibbons |
| SIGNATURE | GIBBONS J L |
| AFFILIATIONS | Saint Louis University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9263-3096 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 62 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 183 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 62 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1929 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Empathy among Guatemalan adolescents
Cultural and economic contexts shape adolescents’ socio-emotional development. We conducted an explanatory sequential mixed-methods study of adolescents’ empathy, a component of social development, in two schools in Guatemala, a country marked by collectivism and economic disparity. Participants (N = 119, ages 12–18, 64 girls) who attended either a school serving low-resource students or one serving affluent students completed the adapted Basic E…
Using “Our Brave Voice”
Gender-based violence is a threat to the well-being of Guatemalan women and girls. A holistic family-based intervention that included healing and empowerment workshops and therapy for survivors was enacted for 30 families (mothers, fathers, and children) of an Indigenous Guatemalan community. Quantitative measures revealed more egalitarian gender role attitudes and less emotional dysregulation after the program than on pretests. Self-efficacy, se…
Women, girls, and climate change
Our world faces potentially catastrophic climate change that can damage human health in multiple ways. The impact of climate change is uneven, disproportionately affecting the lives and livelihoods of women and girls. This conceptual article compiles evidence for a model that argues that climate change has more detrimental consequences for women than men because of women's precarity (unequal power) and corporal (physical) vulnerability. Climate c…
Documenting Reproductive Injustice, Striving for Reproductive Justice
What are the critical issues faced by women worldwide?At the 2022 meeting of the American Psychological Association (APA) Division 52's (International Psychology) International Committee for Women (ICfW), we recognized the wide scope and severity of the challenges women face, including threats to their physical and mental health, economic well-being, social equality, education, employment opportunities, and the ability to lead a peaceful existenc…
Enriching developmental science from the Global South
Knowledge from the Global South, including Latin America, has enriched our understanding of developmental science. Despite underrepresentation in the published literature, research from Latin America has advanced the psychology of parenting and child and adolescent development. An ecological approach is valuable in adding meaning and specificity to general cultural clusters and has revealed how responsibility, lovingness, and respect are enacted …
Problematic issues in well-intentioned interventions
Based on the author's personal experiences in Guatemala, this paper outlines some problematic issues in well-intentioned interventions in that country. The distribution of community-oriented projects by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) does not align with either the population distribution nor the needs of the people as indexed by poverty levels. Instead, projects are located in areas with favorable climates that are frequented by tourists. …
Rooted in Family, Exploring the World
Adolescents in today's globalized world construct their identities within complex and intersecting ecologies. In majority world countries, such as Guatemala, adolescents are exposed to external influences through international media, travel, and visitors from other cultures. In this study, 131 middle and high school adolescents (53% girls, Mage = 14.5, range = 11-19) attending a bilingual school in Guatemala completed two quantitative measures (c…
What Defines Us as People Is How We Treat Others
Parenting beliefs and practices are deeply embedded in cultural values, ideologies, and norms. The cultural ecologies of Guatemala, a Central American country, highlight familism, religiosity, and collectivism. To understand the parenting goals, parental ethnotheories, and parenting practices of a group of highly educated, economically advantaged Guatemalan mothers of school-age children, we conducted a qualitative study about their goals for the…
Women Across the History of Cross-Cultural Psychology
Across the years as interest in culture grew in the field of psychology, women contributed to its growth by leading research into new areas, such as children’s socialization and family dynamics, and acknowledging the critical role of the social and environmental context. Moreover, women were significant partners in team-led projects, developing methodologies that have been successfully employed to study cultural similarities and differences. Wome…
Social Axioms Mediate Gender Differences in Gender Ideologies Among Guatemalan University Students
Gender role ideologies are embedded in cultural values and assumptions about life. Women’s greater endorsement of egalitarian beliefs may stem from gender differences in world views as indexed by social axioms. The purpose of this study was to examine potential mediators of gender differences in gender ideologies among university students in Guatemala, a country where traditional views are prevalent. Participants, 2,134 university students from n…
Mi Hijo es lo Principal” – Guatemalan Mothers Navigate the Covid-19 Pandemic
In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, motherwork has increased. Mothers, including in Guatemala, have taken on expanded responsibilities of virtual schooling and keeping the family safe and healthy, in addition to prepandemic familial and professional contributions. Twelve Guatemalan mothers of children under age 7 were interviewed about how they negotiated the pandemic; data were coded using thematic analysis and consensual qualitative resear…
Global Women During the Covid-19 Pandemic
The Relation of Perspective-Taking to Gratitude and Envy Among Guatemalan Adolescents
The social emotions gratitude and envy are central to the lives of Guatemalan youth and to their society more broadly. Perspective-taking, the social–cognitive process that allows one to assume another’s point of view, may affect both the experience and expression of gratitude and envy. In this convergent mixed-methods study, perspective-taking was studied in relation to gratitude and envy. Sixty-four Guatemalan adolescents, ages 12–17 ( M age = …
The Development of Gratitude in Guatemalan Children and Adolescents
Expressing gratitude is central to the lives of Guatemalan youth. Despite limited empirical evidence on gratitude in Guatemala, anecdotal reports and cultural values point to its importance, providing a rich cultural context to continue Baumgarten-Tramer’s work. We have situated the current sample of 104 Guatemalan youth ( M = 10.85, SD = 2.28, 53.8% girls) as autonomous and related using Kağıtçıbaşı’s framework, given their relatively advantaged…
Envy, Gratitude, and Well-Being Among Guatemalan Adolescents With Scarce Economic Resources
Adolescents’ social and emotional lives reflect and inform their well-being. Yet, we know little about how social emotions, like gratitude and envy, are expressed in social relationships and shape well-being among adolescents living outside of wealthy, minority world settings. In many parts of the world, including Guatemala, poverty and economic hardship are among the most common challenges of adolescents. In an exploratory sequential mixed-metho…
Guatemalan women achieve ideal family size
Women's empowerment in family planning strengthens families and communities. Using 2014/2015 Demographic and Health Surveys data from 7,168 Guatemalan women, ages 35 and above with at least one living child, we examined indicators of empowerment in four domains - economic, educational, social, and contraceptive - and their relation to the number of living children compared to the ideal number of children. We reveal our analysis showing that econo…
Fun and Sexy, but Less Responsible
Using adolescents’ drawings to reveal stereotypes about ethnic groups in Guatemala
It is important to identify stereotypes about indigenous people because those stereotypes influence prejudice and discrimination, both obstacles to social justice and universal human rights. The purpose of the current study was to document the stereotypes, as held by Guatemalan adolescents, of indigenous Maya people (e.g., Maya) and nonindigenous Ladinos in Guatemala (the 2 main ethnic groups in Guatemala). Guatemalan adolescents (N = 465; 38.3% …
IPP—Quo Vadis
Fun and Sexy, but Less Responsible
Globalisation is transforming the lives, ideals and development of youth worldwide, including adolescents in Guatemala. We hypothesised that the attitudes of today’s Guatemalan adolescents as reflected in their views of the ideal man and woman would more closely converge with those of the global adolescent compared to their compatriots 25 years earlier. Urban adolescents’ ratings and drawings in 2014 (N = 397, M age = 12.55, 63.13 per cent girls)…
Now, he will be the leader of the house’
Equine-facilitated interventions have shown promise for facilitating emotional and behavioural changes in diverse groups. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of an equine workshop for vulnerable Guatemalan youth using a mixed-method approach. The 37 participants (Mage = 18.22, SD = 2.25, 14 girls) came from difficult circumstances including poverty and other risks. Using a wait-list control group design with random assignment, the effec…
Human Trafficking and Intercountry Adoption
Intercountry adoption (ICA) is the subject of polarized and contentious debates that can be expressed as “child rescue” versus “child trafficking.” This article describes the parallels between ICA and human trafficking, the international agreements that govern ICA and human trafficking, the evidence for fraud and corruption in some ICAs, and the conditions under which ICA can be considered trafficking. It concludes with recommendations for reform…
Posttraumatic Distress and Growth Among Guatemalan War Orphans in Adulthood
Psychological sequelae of war and genocide can potentially persist into adulthood for child survivors of such tragedies. However, few studies have investigated child survivors’ particular experiences with such sequelae in adulthood, and fewer still distinguish between orphaned and nonorphaned child survivors’ experiences. The present study examined the experiences of posttraumatic distress and psychological growth among a sample of adults ( N = 4…
Feeling grateful and envious
Although the ubiquity of gratitude and envy would suggest they are important in the daily lives of adolescents, those social emotions have been relatively unexplored by psychologists. Interviews of 25 adolescents (ages 14 through 16) from the Midwestern US provided narrative accounts that revealed the contexts, antecedents, consequences and meanings of gratitude and envy in their daily lives. Transcripts were coded using an established procedure …
Now I Can Help Someone’
Migrants’ social remittances—ideas, ways of thinking, and social practices—may change families and communities of origin and drive sociopolitical development. From a small town in the northern highlands of Guatemala, 16 diverse returned internal and international migrants were interviewed about perceived changes in their sense of citizenship, poverty, labor rights, interethnic relations, and gender norms. Three focus groups of internal migrants, …
Researching Gender-Role Ideologies Internationally and Cross-Culturally
Although many studies have compared gender-role ideologies internationally and cross-culturally, few researchers have attended to cultural differences in the meaningfulness or conceptual equivalence of the scale items. The literature on the use of instruments internationally is reviewed with respect to potentially universal (etic) constructs and findings. Gender differences in attitudes and the domains in which gender-related behavior is expresse…
Extended Family Members and Unrelated Adults in the Lives of Young Adolescents
The presence of caring adults in the extended family and unrelated adults, such as neighbors, teachers, youth workers, and clergy, is thought to make a positive contribution to young adolescent development. Many reports mention the importance of those relationships, but there is a sparse empirical literature describing their nature and role in young adolescents' lives. The available literature is reviewed here with respect to (a) identifying the …
Adolescents' attitudes toward family and gender roles
International Adoption
Despite a 60-plus–year history of international adoption (IA) placements, the body of research exploring counseling and psychological interventions for those affected by IA is still in its infancy. This critical review of the state of the literature addresses research, theory, and practice relevant to the international adoption triad (adoptive parents, birth parents, and adoptees). We highlight the lack of empirical attention to the clinical need…
Gender Attitudes Mediate Gender Differences in Attitudes Toward Adoption in Guatemala
Acculturation, Premigration Traumatic Experiences, and Depression Among Vietnamese Americans
This study investigated the role of acculturation as a potential mediator or moderator for premigration traumatic experiences (PTE) and depression. The mediator effect refers to an effect in which acculturation mediates the negative impact of PTE on depression. On the other hand, the moderator effect signifies an interaction effect in which acculturation buffers the impact of PTE on depression. In other words, the negative impact of PTE on depres…
Effects of Language and Meaningfulness on the Use of Extreme Response Style by Spanish-English Bilinguals
Response style, specifically the tendency to use response categories that are distant from the midpoint of a Likert-type scale, has been linked to culture and to the personal meaningfulness of the item. In this study, 58 Spanish-English bilinguals completed two gender role attitudes scales—the Attitudes Toward Women Scale (AWS) and the Historic-Sociocultural Premises Scale (HSCP)—with items randomly assigned to be presented in English or Spanish.…
The Smiling Sunbather and the Chivalrous Football Player
One hundred and eighty-one ninth grade students were randomly as-signed the ideal man or ideal woman version of a questionnaire in which they ranked ten qualities of the ideal person and drew a picture of the ideal person doing something. Four ideal types emerged. Girls depicted the ideal man as "the chivalrous football player" (kind and honest, fun loving, smiling, and bringing flowers). Boys depicted the ideal man as"the frowning football playe…
Images of Work, Gender, and Social Commitment among Guatemalan Adolescents
The study involved 250 urban Guatemalan adolescents who ranked 10 qualities of either the ideal man or the ideal woman and drew a picture of the ideal person engaged in an activity. Both boys and girls ranked being kind and honest, being very intelligent, and liking children as the most important qualities for both the ideal man and the ideal woman. Drawings of the ideal person most often depicted the ideal person working in a job or at home. Man…
Modeling Adoption Attitudes
We tested a model for predicting adoption attitudes: that remembered parental warmth is associated with more positive attitudes toward adoption and that this relationship is mediated by motivation to parent and liking of children. One hundred and eighty-seven university students participated in the study. Controlling for participant gender and adoption experience, the model was supported for maternal warmth, but not for paternal warmth. Specifica…
Guatemalan perceptions of adoption
Twenty-three Guatemalan adults were interviewed concerning their attitudes towards adoption. It was found that a majority saw adoption as generally positive. Regarding adoptions by US couples, Guatemalan respondents expressed concern about adoptees experiencing a loss of culture. Barriers to within-country adoptions included 'machismo' and the extensive legal work required. French Vingt-trois adultes guaté maliens é taient interviewé concernant l…
Street children's drawings
Drawings of the 'ideal person' completed by 82 children (aged 5 through 17) attending a programme for working children in Honduras were scored for content, emotional indicators and intellectual maturity. Analysis revealed that the content of street children's drawings could provide insight into their aspirations, resourcefulness and life circumstances
Faculty Performance
Richard S. Kurz, John J. Mueller, Judith L. Gibbons, Frank DiCataldo, Faculty Performance: Suggestions for the Refinement of the Concept and Its Measurement, The Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 60, No. 1 (Jan. - Feb., 1989), pp. 43-58
Gender-Related Ideals of Puerto Rican Adolescents
Young adolescents (N = 417; 12 through 16 years of age) attending public or private schools in Puerto Rico rated 40 characteristics of the ideal man or ideal woman and also drew the ideal person engaged in an activity. Principal component analysis revealed two conceptually coherent components. Girls, more than boys, endorsed the qualities loading on the first component, labeled Sociable Personality. Boys amending private schools who rated the ide…
Cross-National Gender Differences in Adolescents' Preferences for Free-Time Activities
According to a procedure developed by Sundberg and Tyler, adoles cents (904, 14 to 16 years of age) from Cyprus, India, the Nether lands, and the United States listed all the free-time activities they could think of, checking those they would consider for themselves. In each sample boys checked relatively more sports activities and more group activities as possible for themselves than did girls, although the result for sports in Cyprus was of bor…
School Socioeconomic Contexts and Adolescent Self-Descriptions in India
Madrid Adolescents Express an Interest in Gender Roles and Work Possibilities
Three hundred fourteen adolescents (11-16 years of age) attending a lower middle class private school in Madrid, Spain, rated 10 qualities of the ideal man or ideal woman and drew a picture of the ideal person doing something. Being kind and honest was rated as the most important quality of the ideal person. The ideal woman, more often than the ideal man, was portrayed as physically mature, sexy, liking children, and working at a job or at home. …
Problematic issues in well-intentioned interventions
Based on the author's personal experiences in Guatemala, this paper outlines some problematic issues in well-intentioned interventions in that country. The distribution of community-oriented projects by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) does not align with either the population distribution nor the needs of the people as indexed by poverty levels. Instead, projects are located in areas with favorable climates that are frequented by tourists. …
What Defines Us as People Is How We Treat Others
Parenting beliefs and practices are deeply embedded in cultural values, ideologies, and norms. The cultural ecologies of Guatemala, a Central American country, highlight familism, religiosity, and collectivism. To understand the parenting goals, parental ethnotheories, and parenting practices of a group of highly educated, economically advantaged Guatemalan mothers of school-age children, we conducted a qualitative study about their goals for the…
The Development of Gratitude in Guatemalan Children and Adolescents
Expressing gratitude is central to the lives of Guatemalan youth. Despite limited empirical evidence on gratitude in Guatemala, anecdotal reports and cultural values point to its importance, providing a rich cultural context to continue Baumgarten-Tramer’s work. We have situated the current sample of 104 Guatemalan youth ( M = 10.85, SD = 2.28, 53.8% girls) as autonomous and related using Kağıtçıbaşı’s framework, given their relatively advantaged…
Human Trafficking and Intercountry Adoption
Intercountry adoption (ICA) is the subject of polarized and contentious debates that can be expressed as “child rescue” versus “child trafficking.” This article describes the parallels between ICA and human trafficking, the international agreements that govern ICA and human trafficking, the evidence for fraud and corruption in some ICAs, and the conditions under which ICA can be considered trafficking. It concludes with recommendations for reform…
Foster Parents as a Critical Link and Resource in International Adoptions From Guatemala
Before the recent implementation of the Hague Convention requirements on intercountry adoption in Guatemala, most children in the process of being adopted by foreign nationals were cared for by foster parents. In the present study, 16 Guatemalan foster parents were interviewed regarding their experiences with and attitudes toward international and domestic adoption and fostering. Although adoption was generally described in positive terms as a me…
Now I Am Living in Norway
Self-esteem, self-descriptions, and self-portraits are studied among 561 adolescents (ages 12 through 16) attending schools in Norway. The participants included 199 adolescent children of immigrants and refugees to Norway who came from 29 different countries, with the largest percentage coming from Pakistan and Vietnam. Contrary to expectations, immigrant adolescent girls had, overall, more positive perceptions of self than did Norwegian girls. I…
Enriching developmental science from the Global South
Knowledge from the Global South, including Latin America, has enriched our understanding of developmental science. Despite underrepresentation in the published literature, research from Latin America has advanced the psychology of parenting and child and adolescent development. An ecological approach is valuable in adding meaning and specificity to general cultural clusters and has revealed how responsibility, lovingness, and respect are enacted …
Rooted in Family, Exploring the World
Adolescents in today's globalized world construct their identities within complex and intersecting ecologies. In majority world countries, such as Guatemala, adolescents are exposed to external influences through international media, travel, and visitors from other cultures. In this study, 131 middle and high school adolescents (53% girls, Mage = 14.5, range = 11-19) attending a bilingual school in Guatemala completed two quantitative measures (c…
Some Sicknesses and Their Saints
While St. Vitus's Dance stands in this twentieth century as a term perfectly well recognised, a query as to St. Hubert's Disease would probably puzzle even most doctors in a sort of 'How much do you know' medical examination. But time was when it was quite a common synonym for Hydrophobia. The Saint, of course, was converted while in the hunting field, and so became the Patron of Hunters and incidentally of their Hounds. 'His' disease, then, was …
Meanings of aggressive hostility in children
The ideal man or woman as described by young adolescents in Iceland and the United States
The Smiling Sunbather and the Chivalrous Football Player
One hundred and eighty-one ninth grade students were randomly as-signed the ideal man or ideal woman version of a questionnaire in which they ranked ten qualities of the ideal person and drew a picture of the ideal person doing something. Four ideal types emerged. Girls depicted the ideal man as "the chivalrous football player" (kind and honest, fun loving, smiling, and bringing flowers). Boys depicted the ideal man as"the frowning football playe…
Relationship of racial stressors to blood pressure responses and anger expression in Black college students.
Relation of Cognitive Functioning to Daily Living Skills in a Geriatric Population
A modified version of the Community Competence Scale was administered along with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale--Revised (WAIS--R) to 40 geriatric patients with suspected dementia. Scores on the Competence Scale, a measure of functional daily living skills, were correlated .72 with Full Scale IQs and .77 with Verbal IQs and moderately correlated (.55) with Performance IQs. A number of significant correlations were found between WAIS--R sub…
Madrid Adolescents Express an Interest in Gender Roles and Work Possibilities
Three hundred fourteen adolescents (11-16 years of age) attending a lower middle class private school in Madrid, Spain, rated 10 qualities of the ideal man or ideal woman and drew a picture of the ideal person doing something. Being kind and honest was rated as the most important quality of the ideal person. The ideal woman, more often than the ideal man, was portrayed as physically mature, sexy, liking children, and working at a job or at home. …
Faculty Performance
Richard S. Kurz, John J. Mueller, Judith L. Gibbons, Frank DiCataldo, Faculty Performance: Suggestions for the Refinement of the Concept and Its Measurement, The Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 60, No. 1 (Jan. - Feb., 1989), pp. 43-58
Opposite-Sex Ideal in the U.S.A. and Mexico as Perceived by Young Adolescents
In this cross-cultural study, 188 9th-grade girls and boys from the U.S.A. and Mexico ranked 10 characteristics of the opposite sex ideal person, and drew pictures of the ideal person engaged in an activity. These young adolescents showed significant agreement about the characteristics of the ideal man and woman; however, there were important gender and cross-cultural differences. Boys emphasized physical characteristics more so than girls. As co…
Images of Work, Gender, and Social Commitment among Guatemalan Adolescents
The study involved 250 urban Guatemalan adolescents who ranked 10 qualities of either the ideal man or the ideal woman and drew a picture of the ideal person engaged in an activity. Both boys and girls ranked being kind and honest, being very intelligent, and liking children as the most important qualities for both the ideal man and the ideal woman. Drawings of the ideal person most often depicted the ideal person working in a job or at home. Man…
Adolescents' attitudes toward family and gender roles
Guatemalan, Filipino, and U.S. Adolescents' Images of Women as Office Workers and Homemakers
Although adolescents of different countries often draw pictures of the ideal woman cooking or working in an office, the meaning of the images may vary cross-culturally. In the present study, 88 adolescents from the Philippines, the U.S.A., and Guatemala interpreted drawings by their same-nationality peers. Interpreters from all three countries described the woman working in an office as hardworking and the woman cooking as a mother cooking for he…
Extended Family Members and Unrelated Adults in the Lives of Young Adolescents
The presence of caring adults in the extended family and unrelated adults, such as neighbors, teachers, youth workers, and clergy, is thought to make a positive contribution to young adolescent development. Many reports mention the importance of those relationships, but there is a sparse empirical literature describing their nature and role in young adolescents' lives. The available literature is reviewed here with respect to (a) identifying the …
Researching Gender-Role Ideologies Internationally and Cross-Culturally
Although many studies have compared gender-role ideologies internationally and cross-culturally, few researchers have attended to cultural differences in the meaningfulness or conceptual equivalence of the scale items. The literature on the use of instruments internationally is reviewed with respect to potentially universal (etic) constructs and findings. Gender differences in attitudes and the domains in which gender-related behavior is expresse…
Gender-Related Ideals of Puerto Rican Adolescents
Young adolescents (N = 417; 12 through 16 years of age) attending public or private schools in Puerto Rico rated 40 characteristics of the ideal man or ideal woman and also drew the ideal person engaged in an activity. Principal component analysis revealed two conceptually coherent components. Girls, more than boys, endorsed the qualities loading on the first component, labeled Sociable Personality. Boys amending private schools who rated the ide…
Cross-National Gender Differences in Adolescents' Preferences for Free-Time Activities
According to a procedure developed by Sundberg and Tyler, adoles cents (904, 14 to 16 years of age) from Cyprus, India, the Nether lands, and the United States listed all the free-time activities they could think of, checking those they would consider for themselves. In each sample boys checked relatively more sports activities and more group activities as possible for themselves than did girls, although the result for sports in Cyprus was of bor…
"Commentary on "Adolescents in a Changing World
Intergenerational Patterns in Beliefs About Women's Roles Among Adolescents and Their Parents in the Czech Republic
Sixty-nine dyads consisting of an adolescent (age 15 or 16) and his or her parent living in the Polish-speaking region of the Czech Republic completed the adolescent or short version of the Attitudes Toward Women Scale (Galambos, Petersen, Richards, & Gitelson, 1985; Spence, Helmreich, & Stapp, 1973). The attitudes of parents and their adolescent children were significantly correlated, and the younger generation expressed less traditional attitud…
Introduction to Adolescents in a Changing World
Now I Am Living in Norway
Self-esteem, self-descriptions, and self-portraits are studied among 561 adolescents (ages 12 through 16) attending schools in Norway. The participants included 199 adolescent children of immigrants and refugees to Norway who came from 29 different countries, with the largest percentage coming from Pakistan and Vietnam. Contrary to expectations, immigrant adolescent girls had, overall, more positive perceptions of self than did Norwegian girls. I…
Attitudes Toward Gender Roles Among Adolescents in Singapore
Adolescents (246, ages 12 through 15 years) attending four Singaporean secondary schools from three categories (nonselective, moderately selective, and highly selective) completed the Attitudes Toward Women Scale for Adolescents (AWSA), rated the importance of 10 characteristics of the ideal woman and man, and drew the ideal person in an activity. Less traditional attitudes toward women's roles were found among girls than among boys, and among st…
Perceptions of Others in Self-Descriptions of Children and Adolescents in India
Participants in this study were 190 children in three age groups (ages 9-11, 12-14, and 15-16) from three school groups of different socioeconomic status (SES) (low, middle, high) who wrote responses to the question, "How would you describe yourself to yourself?" Content analyses were conducted to identify references to others in children's self-descriptions. Both function and person identity of references to others were coded. References to othe…
Why Adolescent Boys Dream of Becoming Professional Athletes
A review of studies which investigated drawings of the ideal man and the occupational aspirations of boys (ages 11-18 years) from several countries indicated that becoming a professional athlete was a popular but unrealistic aspiration for many adolescent boys. Boys who were athletes and nonathletes from diverse ethnic groups and nationalities dreamed of becoming professional athletes. In two additional studies in the United States of America, ad…
Short Reviews
School Socioeconomic Contexts and Adolescent Self-Descriptions in India
Psychology (58 works) · Developmental psychology (37 works) · Sociology (35 works) · Social Psychology (33 works) · Social Psychology (29 works) · Political science (25 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (17 works) · Demography (14 works) · Early Childhood Education and Development (14 works) · Geography (14 works)