M Bastir
Biographic Data
| ID | 67430 |
|---|---|
| NAME | M Bastir |
| GIVEN NAMES | M |
| FAMILY NAME | Bastir |
| SIGNATURE | BASTIR M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3141-3401 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 78 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 815 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 78 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2001 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 18 |
Rib Cross‐Sectional Mineralized Area in Early Pleistocene Hominins
Lower Limb Entheseal Variation in Modern Athletes and an Early Medieval Population
Neandertal Skeletal Anatomy
The Neandertals (Homo neanderthalensis) are an extinct human species closely related to modern humans. They have the most extensive and well-documented fossil record of any fossil human group, allowing for a detailed understanding of their skeletal anatomy. This book offers a comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge on Neandertals, presenting an in-depth exploration of their paleobiology through both qualitative and quantitative analyses. Con…
Three-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis of Homo erectus lumbar vertebrae, with a focus on the Dmanisi specimen D2672
Evolutionary anatomy of the metacarpal bones from El Sidrón Neandertal sample (Asturias, Spain)
The evolutionary transformation of the hominin hand is of central interest due to its critical role in mediating interaction with both the physical and cultural environments. Beyond its functional significance, however, hand morphology can also reflect broader anatomical trends at the organism level. This study analyzes 31 metacarpal remains from the Neandertal site of El Sidrón (Asturias, Spain), using a combination of discrete morphological tra…
The first human fossil from the Ruidera site (Castilla-La Mancha, Spain)
We report a new Middle Pleistocene paleoanthropological locality located in southern Iberian Peninsula, Ruidera, and describe a newly discovered partial parietal bone (RVH-1). The fossil was chronologically constrained through a combination of uranium-series and optically stimulated luminescence dating methods. In particular, the human fossil-bearing breccia may be tentatively dated to between 224 ± 14 ka and 160 ± 10 ka, although an older age ca…
Activity-related skeletal changes at the olecranon tip in three individuals from the Iron Age cemetery in Hallstatt, Austria
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe and interpret specific pathological alterations at the elbow as observed in the special context of the Iron Age cemetery at Hallstatt, Austria. MATERIALS: The study examined skeletal remains from 64 adult individuals from the Iron Age cemetery at Hallstatt Hochtal. METHODS: A macroscopic analysis was conducted to identify bony changes in the elbow region. Measurements of asymmetry and 3D surface scans were u…
Ribcage Morphology in Native South American Populations From Different Altitudes
The pronounced ribcage depth in native South Americans could represent a population-specific trait maintained through long-term interactions, potentially advantageous in high-altitude settings but neutral in the lowlands. In addition, we propose that South American highlanders have a larger ribcage relative to their smaller body size compared to lowlanders. Finally, the larger and stockier male ribcage morphology in South Americans supports the n…
The axis (C2) from El Sidrón and its implications for Neanderthal upper cervical spine form
Short Communications
The Neanderthal cervical spine revisited
Recent studies have challenged the long-held notion that Neanderthals possessed a more stable and less lordotic cervical spine than modern humans. To investigate this hypothesis further, we conducted the first three-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis focused on the Neanderthal cervical spine, examining 43 classic Homo neanderthalensis cervical vertebrae alongside 243 Homo sapiens cervical vertebrae from diverse populations, including the…
Serial reconstruction of Hominini manual phalanges
Serial morphology is the study of repeating, sequentially arranged structures in organisms, focusing on their development, organization, and evolutionary significance. Manual digits in primates, exhibiting proximodistal and radioulnar homology, can be analyzed using a serial morphological approach. This method offers a potential tool for reconstructing serial elements of hominin fossil record. Therefore, this study aims to analyze serial homology…
New insights into the Neanderthal pelvis morphology based on a partial os coxae from El Sidrón (Asturias, Spain)
The Neanderthal pelvis exhibits distinctive features compared to modern humans, including wider and more flared iliac blades, a more anteriorly positioned sacrum, and a longer and thinner, outwardly oriented pubic bone. Each new addition to the pelvic fossil record is significant for enhancing our understanding of Neanderthal morphology and variation. Here, we present SD-1663, the most complete adult os coxae fragment recovered from the El Sidrón…
Shanidar 3 'rings the bell
The study of the ribcage is fundamental to understanding hominin evolution. However, ribs and vertebrae are scarce in the fossil record. Although Neanderthals are one of the most represented and, therefore, one of the most studied fossil Homo species, it is controversial whether there is a standardized Neanderthal ribcage morphotype that could differ from modern humans. Hence, we used three-dimensional geometric morphometrics to reconstruct and c…
Eco‐geographic and sexual variation of the ribcage in Homo sapiens
Up to now, Allen and Bergmann's rules have been studied in modern humans by analyzing differences in limb length, height, or body mass. However, there are no publications studying the effects of latitude in the 3D configuration of the ribcage. To assess this issue, we digitally reconstructed the ribcages of a balanced sample of 109 adult individuals of global distribution. Shape and size of the ribcage was quantified using geometric morphometrics…
Modern human atlas ranges of motion and Neanderthal estimations
No clear relation between upper cervical spine ranges of motion and atlas bony shape. • Shorter and flatter atlas superior articular facets could increase ranges of motion. • Neanderthal atlases could have similar biomechanics than modern humans
Estimation of the upper diaphragm in KNM-WT 15000 (Homo erectus s.l.) and Kebara 2 (Homo neanderthalensis) using a Homo sapiens model
The diaphragm of extinct Homo might have been deeper and flatter than that of H. sapiens . • Size of fossil diaphragm estimations are within the H. sapiens range of variation. • Breathing kinematics might have been different in fossil Homo
How accurate are medical CT and micro-CT techniques compared to classical histology when addressing the growth of the internal rib parameters
Rib internal anatomy and its cross-sectional morphology inform about important biomechanical or even evolutionary aspects. Classic histological studies require destructive techniques that are reprehensible depending on the case (e.g., fossils). In the last years, non-destructive CT-based methods are contributing to complementing previous knowledge without damaging the bone. Even though these methods have been proved to be useful to understand adu…
Updating Neanderthals
Neanderthals
Error intermétodo en morfometría geométrica y la relevancia de la texturización y el registro de los puntos homólogos
Los análisis morfométricos conllevan sesgos en el nivel de precisión, y por ende, error.El desarrollo de la morfometría geométrica ha permitido generar colecciones digitalesque albergan archivos procedentes de fuentes diversas. El uso combinado de digital-izaciones obtenidas a través de técnicas diferentes introduce un nuevo tipo de error,el error intermétodo. El uso de estas fuentes de digitalización de manera conjuntase producirá con un error b…
An assessment of the late Middle Pleistocene occipital from Apidima 1 skull (Greece)
Sexual dimorphism in the vertebral wedging of the human lumbar vertebrae and its importance as a comparative framework for understanding the wedging pattern of Neanderthals
Three‐dimensional analysis of sexual dimorphism in the soft tissue morphology of the upper airways in a human population
OBJECTIVES: Several studies have analyzed the sexual dimorphism of the skeletal cranial airways. This study aimed to quantify the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of the soft tissues of the upper airways in a human population. We addressed hypotheses about morphological features related to respiratory and energetic aspects of nasal sexual dimorphism. METHODS: We reconstructed 3D models of 41 male and female soft tissue nasal airways from compute…
Assessing thoraco‐pelvic covariation in Homo sapiens and Pan troglodytes
OBJECTIVES: Understanding thoraco-pelvic integration in Homo sapiens and their closest living relatives (genus Pan) is of great importance within the context of human body shape evolution. However, studies assessing thoraco-pelvic covariation across Hominoidea species are scarce, although recent research would suggest shared covariation patterns in humans and chimpanzees but also species-specific features, with sexual dimorphism and allometry inf…
Author response
Article Figures and data Abstract eLife digest Introduction Differential diagnosis Description Discussion Materials and methods References Decision letter Author response Article and author information Metrics Abstract Homo naledi is a previously-unknown species of extinct hominin discovered within the Dinaledi Chamber of the Rising Star cave system, Cradle of Humankind, South Africa. This species is characterized by body mass and stature similar…
Thin‐plate spline analysis of allometry and sexual dimorphism in the human craniofacial complex
The relationship between allometry and sexual dimorphism in the human craniofacial complex was analyzed using geometric morphometric methods. Thin‐plate splines (TPS) analysis has been applied to investigate the lateral profile of complete adult skulls of known sex. Twenty‐nine three‐dimensional (3D) craniofacial and mandibular landmark coordinates were recorded from a sample of 52 adult females and 52 adult males of known age and sex. No differe…
Hominin lower second premolar morphology
A geometric morphometric analysis of hominin upper first molar shape
Effects of brain and facial size on basicranial form in human and primate evolution
Facial heights
On the chest size of Kebara 2
Hierarchical nature of morphological integration and modularity in the human posterior face
Morphological integration and modularity are important points of intersection between evolution and the development of organismal form. Identification and quantification of integration are also of increasing paleoanthropological interest. In this study, the “posterior face,” i.e., the mandibular ramus and its integration with the associated midline and lateral basicranium, is analyzed in lateral radiographs of 144 adult humans from three differen…
The relevance of the first ribs of the El Sidrón site (Asturias, Spain) for the understanding of the Neandertal thorax
Dental size variation in the Atapuerca-SH Middle Pleistocene hominids
The vertebrae and ribs of Homo naledi
Three-dimensional morphometrics of thoracic vertebrae in Neandertals and the fossil evidence from El Sidrón (Asturias, Northern Spain)
Sexual dimorphism in the Atapuerca-SH hominids
Petrosal orientation and mandibular ramus breadth
The absolute and relative breadths of the mandibular ramus (MRB) display substantial variation in modern humans, and are of analytical value in paleoanthropology. According to Enlow et al. ([ 1969 ] Am. J. Orthod. 56: 6–23), the ramus is the growth counterpart of the middle cranial fossa (MCF) and the pharynx. Such counterpart principles state that variation in ramus breadth is a frequent function of the horizontal alignment of the MCF, and both …
The costal remains of the El Sidrón Neanderthal site (Asturias, northern Spain) and their importance for understanding Neanderthal thorax morphology
The study of the Neanderthal thorax has attracted the attention of the scientific community for more than a century. It is agreed that Neanderthals have a more capacious thorax than modern humans, but whether this was caused by a medio-lateral or an antero-posterior expansion of the thorax is still debated, and is key to understanding breathing biomechanics and body shape in Neanderthals. The fragile nature of ribs, the metameric structure of the…
Cranial base topology and basic trends in the facial evolution of Homo
Facial prognathism and projection are important characteristics in human evolution but their three-dimensional (3D) architectonic relationships to basicranial morphology are not clear. We used geometric morphometrics and measured 51 3D-landmarks in a comparative sample of modern humans (N = 78) and fossil Pleistocene hominins (N = 10) to investigate the spatial features of covariation between basicranial and facial elements. The study reveals com…
Common features of sexual dimorphism in the cranial airways of different human populations
Sexual dimorphism in the human craniofacial system is an important feature of intraspecific variation in recent and fossil humans. Although several studies have reported different morphological patterns of sexual dimorphism in different populations, this study searches for common morphological aspects related to functional anatomy of the respiratory apparatus. 3D geometric morphometrics were used to test the hypothesis that due to higher daily en…
Comparative morphology and morphometric assessment of the Neandertal occipital remains from the El Sidrón site (Asturias, Spain)
Cranial airways and the integration between the inner and outer facial skeleton in humans
The cranial airways are in the center of the human face. Therefore variation in the size and shape of these central craniofacial structures could have important consequences for the surrounding midfacial morphology during development and evolution. Yet such interactions are unclear because one school of thought, based on experimental and developmental evidence, suggests a relative independence (modularity) of these two facial compartments, wherea…
Morphological and functional implications of sexual dimorphism in the human skeletal thorax
OBJECTIVES: The human respiratory apparatus is characterized by sexual dimorphism, the cranial airways of males being larger (both absolutely and relatively) than those of females. These differences have been linked to sex-specific differences in body composition, bioenergetics, and respiratory function. However, whether morpho-functional variation in the thorax is also related to these features is less clear. We apply 3D geometric morphometrics …
Three‐dimensional analysis of sexual dimorphism in human thoracic vertebrae
Sexual dimorphism is important for intraspecific variation and well studied in the human skeleton. In the thoracic part of the spine sexual dimorphism is expected for differences in the respiratory system related to body mass, lung capacity, and energetics, and in the reproductive system for adaptations to pregnancy (lower spine lordosis, posture). However, little is known about sexual dimorphism in this anatomical region. We use three‐dimensiona…
Longstanding dental pathology in Neandertals from El Sidrón (Asturias, Spain) with a probable familial basis
Adult Neandertal clavicles from the El Sidrón site (Asturias, Spain) in the context of Homo pectoral girdle evolution
Over 100 years of Krapina
Neandertal talus bones from El Sidrón site (Asturias, Spain)
OBJECTIVES: The El Sidrón tali sample is assessed in an evolutionary framework. We aim to explore the relationship between Neandertal talus morphology and body size/shape. We test the hypothesis 1: talar Neandertal traits are influenced by body size, and the hypothesis 2: shape variables independent of body size correspond to inherited primitive features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We quantify 35 landmarks through 3D geometric morphometrics technique…
Ontogeny of 3D rib curvature and its importance for the understanding of human thorax development
OBJECTIVES: Sagittal and axial rib orientation relative to the spine are two factors that modify rib cage morphology during ontogeny. Some studies suggest that these factors do not operate in the same way at the upper (ribs 1-5) and lower thorax (ribs 6-10) during postnatal growth, but it is unknown if the ontogenetic thoracic changes are produced by morphological changes of the ribs (intrinsic rib factors) or by external factors related to costa…
Dental size variation in the Atapuerca-SH Middle Pleistocene hominids
Thin‐plate spline analysis of allometry and sexual dimorphism in the human craniofacial complex
The relationship between allometry and sexual dimorphism in the human craniofacial complex was analyzed using geometric morphometric methods. Thin‐plate splines (TPS) analysis has been applied to investigate the lateral profile of complete adult skulls of known sex. Twenty‐nine three‐dimensional (3D) craniofacial and mandibular landmark coordinates were recorded from a sample of 52 adult females and 52 adult males of known age and sex. No differe…
Sexual dimorphism in the Atapuerca-SH hominids
Thin-plate spline analysis of allometry and sexual dimorphism in the human craniofacial complex
Petrosal orientation and mandibular ramus breadth
The absolute and relative breadths of the mandibular ramus (MRB) display substantial variation in modern humans, and are of analytical value in paleoanthropology. According to Enlow et al. ([ 1969 ] Am. J. Orthod. 56: 6–23), the ramus is the growth counterpart of the middle cranial fossa (MCF) and the pharynx. Such counterpart principles state that variation in ramus breadth is a frequent function of the horizontal alignment of the MCF, and both …
Facial heights
An Early Pleistocene hominin mandible from Atapuerca-TD6, Spain
We present a mandible recovered in 2003 from the Aurora Stratum of the TD6 level of the Gran Dolina site (Sierra de Atapuerca, northern Spain). The specimen, catalogued as ATD6-96, adds to the hominin sample recovered from this site in 1994–1996, and assigned to Homo antecessor . ATD6-96 is the left half of a gracile mandible belonging to a probably female adult individual with premolars and molars in place. This mandible shows a primitive struct…
Hierarchical nature of morphological integration and modularity in the human posterior face
Morphological integration and modularity are important points of intersection between evolution and the development of organismal form. Identification and quantification of integration are also of increasing paleoanthropological interest. In this study, the “posterior face,” i.e., the mandibular ramus and its integration with the associated midline and lateral basicranium, is analyzed in lateral radiographs of 144 adult humans from three differen…
Paleobiology and comparative morphology of a late Neandertal sample from El Sidrón, Asturias, Spain
Fossil evidence from the Iberian Peninsula is essential for understanding Neandertal evolution and history. Since 2000, a new sample ≈43,000 years old has been systematically recovered at the El Sidrón cave site (Asturias, Spain). Human remains almost exclusively compose the bone assemblage. All of the skeletal parts are preserved, and there is a moderate occurrence of Middle Paleolithic stone tools. A minimum number of eight individuals are repr…
Inquiries into Neanderthal craniofacial development and evolution
Hominin lower second premolar morphology
Gran Dolina-TD6 and Sima de los Huesos dental samples
A geometric morphometric analysis of hominin upper first molar shape
Abstracts of AAPA poster and podium presentations
Comparative morphology and morphometric assessment of the Neandertal occipital remains from the El Sidrón site (Asturias, Spain)
Effects of brain and facial size on basicranial form in human and primate evolution
Genetic evidence for patrilocal mating behavior among Neandertal groups
The remains of 12 Neandertal individuals have been found at the El Sidrón site (Asturias, Spain), consisting of six adults, three adolescents, two juveniles, and one infant. Archaeological, paleontological, and geological evidence indicates that these individuals represent all or part of a contemporaneous social group of Neandertals, who died at around the same time and later were buried together as a result of a collapse of an underground karst.…
Common features of sexual dimorphism in the cranial airways of different human populations
Sexual dimorphism in the human craniofacial system is an important feature of intraspecific variation in recent and fossil humans. Although several studies have reported different morphological patterns of sexual dimorphism in different populations, this study searches for common morphological aspects related to functional anatomy of the respiratory apparatus. 3D geometric morphometrics were used to test the hypothesis that due to higher daily en…
Les Néandertaliens d’El Sidrón (Asturies, Espagne). Actualisation d’un nouvel échantillon
Cranial airways and the integration between the inner and outer facial skeleton in humans
The cranial airways are in the center of the human face. Therefore variation in the size and shape of these central craniofacial structures could have important consequences for the surrounding midfacial morphology during development and evolution. Yet such interactions are unclear because one school of thought, based on experimental and developmental evidence, suggests a relative independence (modularity) of these two facial compartments, wherea…
Longstanding dental pathology in Neandertals from El Sidrón (Asturias, Spain) with a probable familial basis
Three‐dimensional analysis of sexual dimorphism in human thoracic vertebrae
Sexual dimorphism is important for intraspecific variation and well studied in the human skeleton. In the thoracic part of the spine sexual dimorphism is expected for differences in the respiratory system related to body mass, lung capacity, and energetics, and in the reproductive system for adaptations to pregnancy (lower spine lordosis, posture). However, little is known about sexual dimorphism in this anatomical region. We use three‐dimensiona…
On the chest size of Kebara 2
D Morphometric Study of the Mandibular Fossa and Its Implication for Species Recognition in Homo erectus
The problem of species recognition in paleoanthropology has been the subject of numerous studies. In the current study, we have used the complex topography of the mandibular fossa to assess its potential as a species-specific indicator. Six landmarks were registered using a microscribe 3Dx digitizer on four extant species: Pan paniscus, Pan troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla, and two ethnical groups of modern humans. Using principal component analysis …
Virtual reconstruction of the Neanderthal Amud 1 cranium
This new computer reconstruction enables not only measurement of new cranial metrics, but also inclusion of the Amud 1 specimen in three-dimensional geometric morphometric analyses that were previously difficult due to its incompleteness. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:185-197, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Biology (62 works) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (56 works) · Morphological variations and asymmetry (45 works) · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (42 works) · Anatomy (41 works) · Anatomy (40 works) · Evolutionary biology (38 works) · Zoology (37 works) · Geography (33 works) · Paleontology (33 works)