Erika Gál
Biographic Data
| ID | 73429 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Erika Gál |
| GIVEN NAMES | Erika |
| FAMILY NAME | Gál |
| SIGNATURE | GÁL E |
| AFFILIATIONS | ELTE Research Centre for the Humanities |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4226-3218 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 39 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 57 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 38 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1997 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
“Behind Every Beautiful Fur Coat, There Is a Story”
Lynx remains are extremely rare in the archaeological record. In Sweden, the most common finds are the distal phalanges, which form the basis of the talons. They are known to occur in female burials, interpretable as evidence of lynx fur. Although it is impossible to reconstruct the stature of lynxes from these small bones, two complete lynx skeletons from Hungary have provided an opportunity to estimate their withers heights. In this study, we a…
Szőröstül-bőröstül régészet
A hiúzmaradványok rendkívül ritkák a régészeti leletanyagokban. Svédországban leggyakrabban a karmok alapját alkotó harmadik ujjperceket találják meg női temetkezésekben, amelyek a hiúzbundák bizonyítékaként értelmezhetők. Noha a hiúzok termetének rekonstrukciója ezekből a kis csontokból lehetetlen, két teljes magyarországi hiúzcsontváz alkalmat kínált azok marmagasságának becslésére. Ebben a tanulmányban arra teszünk kísérletet, hogy a különálló…
Bone Diseases as Indicators of Animal Health in the Early Modern Age Assemblage From the Castle of Dombóvár-Gólyavár in Context With Other Coeval Cases From Hungary
In this paper, we present 13 pathologically changed animal bones from cattle, caprines, pig, and domestic chicken, which were recognized among 1341 identifiable remains in the recently studied late medieval (first part of the 16th century) and Ottoman and Post-Ottoman Period (from the second part of the 16th to the beginning of the 18th century) assemblages found in the castle of Dombóvár-Gólyavár in Southern Hungary, a site turned from an aristo…
Hippophagy in medieval Hungary
Historical texts suggest that medieval Christianity condemned the consumption of horsemeat (hippophagy) yet also indicate that this practice persisted. Here, the authors review the contribution of horse to food refuse at 198 settlements across medieval Hungary, highlighting variability in food practices through time and space. Examination of these zooarchaeological assemblages indicates that hippophagy continued after the general conversion to Ch…
Visegrád revisited
In this paper I present the exploitation of birds at the Ottoman Period (16th–17th century) rural site of Visegrád-Alsóvár located in North Hungary. Four poultry species and the jackdaw were identified from the 213 avian remains that formed 7.3% of the total bone assemblage. The species composition of the bird bone assemblage suggested that fowling was not practiced at the site, but various domestic birds were exploited for their meat, eggs, and …
A cattle mandible thong‐smoother from a grave
A recently found cattle‐based mandibular thong‐smoother, which was the only bone tool in the Baden culture burial of a 6–10‐year‐old child at the site of Balatonlelle‐Rádpuszta‐Romtemplom mellett (western Hungary), represents the best‐preserved Eneolithic implement in this category ever published in Hungary. Being one of the oldest specimens from the distribution area of mandibular thong‐smoothers, it brings new information regarding the origin a…
A fifth‐ to sixth‐century CE lynx ( Lynx lynx L., 1758) skeleton from Hungary 2
Lynx remains are rare in archaeological assemblages. The skeleton of an adult male accompanied by four dogs was found in a large Migration Period pit at Zamárdi–Kútvölgyi‐dűlő II, Hungary. Extant lynx skeletons were used in estimating the shoulder height of this individual. Its stature is comparable to those of the large dogs it was buried with. None of the five skeletons showed skinning marks. Although the physical reconstruction of the lynx was…
The arrow bolt plane from the medieval archepiscopal residence at Esztergom (North Hungary)
This paper presents a previously misidentified antler tool from Esztergom-Várhegy-Kőbánya (North Hungary), which was found in the late medieval kitchen residue of the archbishopric palace. The arrow shaft plane, an implement used together with a knife for smoothing the wooden bolts of (cross)bows, is a rare type of tool whose role was misinterpreted by several authors in the past although its ethnographic parallels made from both antler and wood …
Garnys
Bird remains from ecclesiastical sites in medieval Hungary
This comprehensive paper, based on already published avian material, provides an overview of the exploitation of birds at ecclesiastical settlements in medieval Hungary, with an outlook on other European religious establishments. Owing also to the differences in excavation methods, sample size, and measurements used during the identification of bird remains, the seven discussed ecclesiastical sites in the Carpathian Basin, which was part of the H…
A dog's life
Bartosiewicz, László, Daróczi-Szabó, Márta, Gál, Erika (2023): A dog's life: interpreting Migration Period dog burials from Hungary. Anthropozoologica 58 (2): 9-22, DOI: 10.5252/anthropozoologica2023v58a2
Kutyaszemfog-díszek egy különleges késő rézkori sírból
Grave 367 of the Balatonlelle-Rdpuszta-Templom mellett cemetery dating from the classical period of the Baden culture contained the burial of an adult woman interred according to an unusual rite involving the placement of a child's skull under the head. The sole grave goods from this burial were three and ten fragmented drilled dog canines. Roughly one-half of the canines lays by the feet of the deceased. The worn surface of the canines and the d…
Drilled dog canine ornaments from a special Late Copper Age grave
Grave 367 of the Balatonlelle-Rádpuszta site 67/5 cemetery dating from the classical period of the Baden culture contained the burial of an adult woman interred according to an unusual rite involving the placement of a child’s skull under the head. The sole grave goods from this burial were three and ten fragmented drilled dog canines. Roughly one-half of the canines lay by the feet of the deceased. The worn surface of the canines and the damaged…
A fifth–sixth century CE lynx ( Lynx lynx L., 1758) skeleton from Hungary
The articulated skeleton of an adult male lynx was found in association with four dogs and scattered bones of other domesticates in a pit at Zamárdi‐Kútvölgyi‐dűlő II, Hungary. Lynx remains occur rarely in the archaeological record, and protocols for ageing and sexing do not exist. The intact skull of the skeleton offered an opportunity to review the craniological features of the species in comparison with a reference material of extant individua…
The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes
Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare 1 . However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling 2–4 at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 bc 3 . Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia 5 and Anatolia 6 , have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic,…
Bird remains from the Starčevo and Lengyel culture settlements of the site Alsónyék-Bátaszék (South-western Hungary)
Articolul de față prezintă studiul primelor colecții de oase de pasăre atribuite culturilor Starčevo (neolitic timpuriu) și Lengyel (neolitic târziu) din Ungaria. Abundența resturilor de pasăre provenind din situl neolitic timpuriu de la Alsónyék-Bátaszék în sud-vestul Ungariei, și a speciilor de apă identificate aici, se potrivește imaginii tipice a așezărilor de tip Körös din estul țării, indicând exploatarea frecventă a resurselor acvatice pri…
Animal remains from the Late Medieval kitchen of the Esztergom archdiocese, Hungary - the benefits of screening
Medieval animal remains from the Esztergom archbishopric (Hungary) were screened using 5 mm and 2 mm mesh sizes, aimed at the high-resolution study of fish and bird remains and helping to achieve better comparisons with documentary sources. This is the first medieval assemblage in Hungary recovered using screening. A total of 7,294 animal remains are studied here, representing the 14th and 15th century. The screening resulted in quantities of fis…
The archbishop's dinner? Late medieval fish from Esztergom-Várhegy-Kőbánya, Hungary
Fourteenth-fifteenth century food refuse from the kitchen of the Esztergom archbishopric shows a significant diachronic increase in cyprinid bones, in particular those of carp. Meanwhile, contributions by large acipenserids and carnivorous species (catfish/wels, pike, percids) declined. Contemporaneous account books indirectly suggest that the archbishop's kitchen must have increasingly relied on farmed carp fish. Sturgeons were a commodity sold …
Late Medieval Bone and Antler Working at the Residence of the Archbishop of Esztergom (Northern Hungary)
A relatively small worked bone and antler assemblage including 28 finished objects and 104 remains representing blanks and waste material was identified during the zooarchaeological analysis of the bone material found at the recently excavated site of Esztergom-Várhegy-Kőbánya (Esztergom-Castle Hill-Quarry). According to archaeological investigations, the complete animal bone assemblage deposited in several successive layers on the Castle Hill of…
Remains of small domestic and game birds from medieval sites in Hungary
Bird Bone Remains from Two Medieval Settlements in Debrecen (Eastern Hungary)
This paper presents results on three medieval avian bone assemblages found at Debrecen-Monostor-erdő and Debrecen-Tócó-part, respectively. Domestic chicken yielded most of the bird remains to evidence the exploitation of adult birds for egg production and flock maintenance in particular. In addition, feather harvesting and fat production could have been the target of goose (and possibly duck) husbandry. Although the goose bone sizes resemble the …
Care or Neglect
Collected Essays
An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button
Genomic and archaeological evidence suggest a dual origin of domestic dogs
A dogged investigation of domestication The history of how wolves became our pampered pooches of today has remained controversial. Frantz et al. describe high-coverage sequencing of the genome of an Irish dog from the Bronze Age as well as ancient dog mitochondrial DNA sequences. Comparing ancient dogs to a modern worldwide panel of dogs shows an old, deep split between East Asian and Western Eurasian dogs. Thus, dogs were domesticated from two s…
Offered to Gods, Eaten by People
This paper discusses the bird bones from a large animal bone assemblage found in the largest pit located on the territory of the Sanctuary of Jupiter Heliopolitanus in Carnuntum–Mühläcker (Austria). Features of the material suggest that the bones result from ritual meals, perhaps from a single event. The bird bone assemblage is characterised by the dominance of domestic chicken ( Gallus domesticus ), but the number of (domestic) goose ( Anser cf.…
Shuffling Nags, Lame Ducks
The archbishop's dinner? Late medieval fish from Esztergom-Várhegy-Kőbánya, Hungary
Fourteenth-fifteenth century food refuse from the kitchen of the Esztergom archbishopric shows a significant diachronic increase in cyprinid bones, in particular those of carp. Meanwhile, contributions by large acipenserids and carnivorous species (catfish/wels, pike, percids) declined. Contemporaneous account books indirectly suggest that the archbishop's kitchen must have increasingly relied on farmed carp fish. Sturgeons were a commodity sold …
Evidence of the crested form of domestic hen (Gallus gallus f. domestica) from three post-medieval sites in Hungary
A fifth‐ to sixth‐century CE lynx ( Lynx lynx L., 1758) skeleton from Hungary 2
Lynx remains are rare in archaeological assemblages. The skeleton of an adult male accompanied by four dogs was found in a large Migration Period pit at Zamárdi–Kútvölgyi‐dűlő II, Hungary. Extant lynx skeletons were used in estimating the shoulder height of this individual. Its stature is comparable to those of the large dogs it was buried with. None of the five skeletons showed skinning marks. Although the physical reconstruction of the lynx was…
Animal remains from the Late Medieval kitchen of the Esztergom archdiocese, Hungary - the benefits of screening
Medieval animal remains from the Esztergom archbishopric (Hungary) were screened using 5 mm and 2 mm mesh sizes, aimed at the high-resolution study of fish and bird remains and helping to achieve better comparisons with documentary sources. This is the first medieval assemblage in Hungary recovered using screening. A total of 7,294 animal remains are studied here, representing the 14th and 15th century. The screening resulted in quantities of fis…
Bone Diseases as Indicators of Animal Health in the Early Modern Age Assemblage From the Castle of Dombóvár-Gólyavár in Context With Other Coeval Cases From Hungary
In this paper, we present 13 pathologically changed animal bones from cattle, caprines, pig, and domestic chicken, which were recognized among 1341 identifiable remains in the recently studied late medieval (first part of the 16th century) and Ottoman and Post-Ottoman Period (from the second part of the 16th to the beginning of the 18th century) assemblages found in the castle of Dombóvár-Gólyavár in Southern Hungary, a site turned from an aristo…
Garnys
A dog's life
Bartosiewicz, László, Daróczi-Szabó, Márta, Gál, Erika (2023): A dog's life: interpreting Migration Period dog burials from Hungary. Anthropozoologica 58 (2): 9-22, DOI: 10.5252/anthropozoologica2023v58a2
Bird Bone Remains from the 11th and 12th Centuries Settlement of Piatra Frecatei (Dobrudja, Romania) in the Context of Early Medieval Sites in Southeast Romania
In this paper, the avian bones identified from the 11th and 12th centuries settlement of Piatra Frecatei in Dobrudja (Southeast Romania) are presented. The results are put in context with data from other two coeval sites in the region. Among the 86 bird bones representing 3.7% of the total animal bone assemblage, domestic hen was the most frequent species by 61 bones (71%) and 13 specimens (59.3%). The wild species include birds that live in the …
Präliminarien zur Sozialarchäologie des lengyelzeitlichen Gräberfeldes von Alsónyék-Bátaszék, Südtransdanubien
Im Beitrag wird der südtransdanubische Fundplatz Alsónyék-Bátaszék (Ungarn) vorgestellt, auf dem in den Jahren 2006–2009 nahezu 2500 Bestattungen und 60 Langhäuser der spätneolithisch-frühkupferzeitlichen Lengyel-Kultur ergraben und dokumentiert werden konnten. Im Mittelpunkt der Betrachtungen steht das der frühkupferzeitlichen Lengyel-Kultur zuzuweisende Grab 5603/927 mit der Bestattung eines Mannes. Dem Toten waren zahlreiche Beigaben in das Gr…
Archaeological researches at Borduşani - Popină (Ialomiţa county) preliminary report 1993-1994
AI about 2,5 km NE of Borduani village (Ialomia county), in the Balta lalomiel. a terrain which is surrounded by the Borcea channel of the Danube, and by the Danube river itself, lies the site known by the inhabitants as "Popin"; on XIX'" century maps it is referred to as "Popina Mare" -plate 1
Bird Remains from Curata and Bordu Mare Caves (Romania)
Gerät oder Machtabzeichen? Die Hirschgeweihäxte des transdanubischen Spätneolithikums
Eberhauerschmuck und Schweinekiefer-Beigaben in den Neolithischen und Kupferzeitlichen Bestattungssitten des Karpatenbeckens
Polished and perforated pendants carved from boar tusks, and jaws of boars and pigs are frequent grave furniture in the Late Neolithic and Early Copper Age cemeteries of the Carpathian Basin \n . Pairs of tusk pendants were generally placed beside the dead in the early phase of the Lengyel culture, especially beside high status males, who wore these objects as symbols. The 2500 graves of the Alsónyék-Kanizsa-dűlő cemetery represent the late phase…
Evidence of the crested form of domestic hen (Gallus gallus f. domestica) from three post-medieval sites in Hungary
The Chora of Metaponto 2
From 1974 to the present, the Institute of Classical Archaeology at the University of Texas at Austin has carried out archaeological excavations in the ancient territory (chora) of Metaponto, now located in the modern province of Basilicata on the southern coast of Italy. This wide-ranging investigation, which covers a number of sites and a time period ranging from prehistory to the Roman Empire, has unearthed a wealth of new information about th…
Animal remains from the multi-period site of Hajdúnánás-Fürjhalom-dűlő
Animal remains from the multi-period site of Hajdúnánás-Fürjhalom-dűlő
In this paper results concerning the archaeozoological study of the most abundant Sarmatian animal bone assemblage found so far in the North-Eastern part of the Great Hungarian Plain are presented. Similarly to other sites in the Barbaricum, remains from domestic animals dominated in the assemblage, while hunting and gathering seem to have been opportunistic activities in the life of the settlement’s inhabitants. Bone manufacturing, mostly based …
Ins Jenseits Begleitend“
In this paper, the authors discuss the dog offerings and dog burials found at the Lengyel culture (Late Neolitic/Early Copper Age) cemetery and settlement of Alsónyék-Bátaszék (sites 10/B and 5603/1). The role and symbolism of dog in the Neolithic and Early Copper Age are concerned based on archaeological, anthropological and archaeozoological data. The authors also analyse the social status of individuals next to whom the dogs have been buried. …
Präliminarien zur Sozialarchäologie des lengyelzeitlichen Gräberfeldes von Alsónyék-Bátaszék, Südtransdanubien
Im Beitrag wird der südtransdanubische Fundplatz Alsónyék-Bátaszék (Ungarn) vorgestellt, auf dem in den Jahren 2006–2009 nahezu 2500 Bestattungen und 60 Langhäuser der spätneolithisch-frühkupferzeitlichen Lengyel-Kultur ergraben und dokumentiert werden konnten. Im Mittelpunkt der Betrachtungen steht das der frühkupferzeitlichen Lengyel-Kultur zuzuweisende Grab 5603/927 mit der Bestattung eines Mannes. Dem Toten waren zahlreiche Beigaben in das Gr…
Pathological changes in bird bones
Bird Bone Remains from the 11th and 12th Centuries Settlement of Piatra Frecatei (Dobrudja, Romania) in the Context of Early Medieval Sites in Southeast Romania
In this paper, the avian bones identified from the 11th and 12th centuries settlement of Piatra Frecatei in Dobrudja (Southeast Romania) are presented. The results are put in context with data from other two coeval sites in the region. Among the 86 bird bones representing 3.7% of the total animal bone assemblage, domestic hen was the most frequent species by 61 bones (71%) and 13 specimens (59.3%). The wild species include birds that live in the …
Shuffling Nags, Lame Ducks
Offered to Gods, Eaten by People
This paper discusses the bird bones from a large animal bone assemblage found in the largest pit located on the territory of the Sanctuary of Jupiter Heliopolitanus in Carnuntum–Mühläcker (Austria). Features of the material suggest that the bones result from ritual meals, perhaps from a single event. The bird bone assemblage is characterised by the dominance of domestic chicken ( Gallus domesticus ), but the number of (domestic) goose ( Anser cf.…
Medieval and Ottoman period (14th–17th c.) Archaeology in the Drava River region, Hungary
The paper is a short summary of the main archaeological outcomes of an interdisciplinary project in a section of the Drava river crossing the territory of Somogy county, in Hungary. One of the study areas is the vicinity of Berzence where medieval settlement patterns, land use and economy have been reconstructed on the basis of historical sources and an archaeological field survey. A comprehensive review of architectural history and material cult…
Genomic and archaeological evidence suggest a dual origin of domestic dogs
A dogged investigation of domestication The history of how wolves became our pampered pooches of today has remained controversial. Frantz et al. describe high-coverage sequencing of the genome of an Irish dog from the Bronze Age as well as ancient dog mitochondrial DNA sequences. Comparing ancient dogs to a modern worldwide panel of dogs shows an old, deep split between East Asian and Western Eurasian dogs. Thus, dogs were domesticated from two s…
Collected Essays
An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button
Care or Neglect
Late Medieval Bone and Antler Working at the Residence of the Archbishop of Esztergom (Northern Hungary)
A relatively small worked bone and antler assemblage including 28 finished objects and 104 remains representing blanks and waste material was identified during the zooarchaeological analysis of the bone material found at the recently excavated site of Esztergom-Várhegy-Kőbánya (Esztergom-Castle Hill-Quarry). According to archaeological investigations, the complete animal bone assemblage deposited in several successive layers on the Castle Hill of…
Remains of small domestic and game birds from medieval sites in Hungary
Bird Bone Remains from Two Medieval Settlements in Debrecen (Eastern Hungary)
This paper presents results on three medieval avian bone assemblages found at Debrecen-Monostor-erdő and Debrecen-Tócó-part, respectively. Domestic chicken yielded most of the bird remains to evidence the exploitation of adult birds for egg production and flock maintenance in particular. In addition, feather harvesting and fat production could have been the target of goose (and possibly duck) husbandry. Although the goose bone sizes resemble the …
The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes
Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare 1 . However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling 2–4 at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 bc 3 . Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia 5 and Anatolia 6 , have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic,…
Bird remains from the Starčevo and Lengyel culture settlements of the site Alsónyék-Bátaszék (South-western Hungary)
Articolul de față prezintă studiul primelor colecții de oase de pasăre atribuite culturilor Starčevo (neolitic timpuriu) și Lengyel (neolitic târziu) din Ungaria. Abundența resturilor de pasăre provenind din situl neolitic timpuriu de la Alsónyék-Bátaszék în sud-vestul Ungariei, și a speciilor de apă identificate aici, se potrivește imaginii tipice a așezărilor de tip Körös din estul țării, indicând exploatarea frecventă a resurselor acvatice pri…
Animal remains from the Late Medieval kitchen of the Esztergom archdiocese, Hungary - the benefits of screening
Medieval animal remains from the Esztergom archbishopric (Hungary) were screened using 5 mm and 2 mm mesh sizes, aimed at the high-resolution study of fish and bird remains and helping to achieve better comparisons with documentary sources. This is the first medieval assemblage in Hungary recovered using screening. A total of 7,294 animal remains are studied here, representing the 14th and 15th century. The screening resulted in quantities of fis…
The archbishop's dinner? Late medieval fish from Esztergom-Várhegy-Kőbánya, Hungary
Fourteenth-fifteenth century food refuse from the kitchen of the Esztergom archbishopric shows a significant diachronic increase in cyprinid bones, in particular those of carp. Meanwhile, contributions by large acipenserids and carnivorous species (catfish/wels, pike, percids) declined. Contemporaneous account books indirectly suggest that the archbishop's kitchen must have increasingly relied on farmed carp fish. Sturgeons were a commodity sold …
Geography (26 works) · Archaeology (24 works) · Ancient and Medieval Archaeology Studies (17 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (17 works) · Biology (16 works) · Art (11 works) · History (10 works) · Ancient history (7 works) · History (7 works) · Zoology (7 works)