Andrew F Cooper
Biographic Data
| ID | 748506 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Andrew F Cooper |
| GIVEN NAMES | Andrew F |
| FAMILY NAME | Cooper |
| SIGNATURE | COOPER A F |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Waterloo |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2195-4367 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 95 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 448 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 91 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 4 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1986 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Authentic’ multilateralism and the stigmatisation of ‘small circles
This article explores the contestation over institutional design between China and India as a crucial barometer of fragmentation regarding the conceptualisation and practice of multilateralism. With respect to conceptual framing, the article focuses on China’s promotion of ‘international discourse power’ in terms of the advocacy for an ‘authentic’ multilateralism. With respect to practice, the article shifts the examination of the contest over th…
Fragmented multilateralism and international institutions
This special issue examines the impact of the fragmentation of multilateralism on Informal Internatİonal Governmental Organİsatİons (IIGOs) and Formal Internatİonal Governmental Organİsatİons (FIGOs) through the lens of Global North–Global South relations. In the first part, a short literature review on multilateralism and its crisis is presented. In the second part of our cluster, focusing on ‘Multilateralism and International Institutions’, the…
Chinese Wolf-Warrior Diplomacy
The People’s Republic of China (PRC) has undergone a significant shift in its diplomatic practices, driven by the use of social media and new digital technology. This shift is a departure from the non-resistant, passive, and conservative approach that the PRC has used for the past two decades, and is now characterized as provocative, nationalistic, aggressive, and high profile. The motivations behind this shift are often attributed to the defence…
Contested informality in regional institutional design
In terms of institutional positioning, the quartet of Indo‐Pacific states – Australia, India, Japan, and the United States – firmly endorse ASEAN. ‘ASEAN centrality’ is clearly highlighted in all Quad statements. Yet, the Quad presents an organizational and substantive challenge to the core institutional model of ASEAN. This competitive dynamic, with respect to style of associational methods (the how) as opposed to organizational purpose (the why…
The United Arab Emirates and the New Development Bank
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) joined the BRICS‐led New Development Bank (NDB) as part of its first expansion in terms of membership. Questions regarding the interests and rationale of the UAE in joining the Bank, on the one hand, and the NDB's logic in granting membership to the UAE, on the other, immediately jump out. This article sheds light on the BRICS' cautious move away from exceptionality via the expanded NDB in the context of its members…
How secondary states can take advantage of networks in world politics
In the context of the revitalized scholarly interest in small and middle powers, we employ a relational network approach to study the role of non-major powers as bridges and hubs. Contrary to prominent conceptions that centre on preconceived country groupings or states' variable attributes, such as the size of their territory, economy, or armed forces, our study foregrounds the influence that states gain from their position in international netwo…
Between Rewards and Risks
India’s hosting of the 2023 G20 summit presents a number of serious tests. Taking on the presidency of the G20 offers India the prospect of enormous rewards related to an enhanced role in world politics. As this article lays out, however, the hosting function exposes India to risks of three types relating to organisational capacity and status. The highest profile of these risks comes from the changing external environment under which the New Delh…
A critical evaluation of rationalist IR in the analysis of informal institutions
This article has two major inter-connected objectives about the ascendancy of informal international institutions on a global basis. The first objective is to highlight the extended scope of this phenomenon. The second objective of this article evaluates how the mainstream International Relations (IR) literature has treated the cascading wave of informal institutions. With this expansion in mind, the focus is on a critical evaluation of the ratio…
The cascading dynamics of informal institutions
This special issue aims to offer empirical, qualitative and comparative insights into the waves of informality sweeping the globe and to decipher the nature and consequence of the proliferating dynamics of informal organizations. From a policy perspective, the special issue is motivated to delve into the operationalization of practices and outcomes of informal organizations. In particular, the articles encompassing this special issue focus on thr…
Public Opinion on Chinese Foreign Aid Policy
The expanding profile of Chinese international development aid has generated strong academic and policy interests. A growing literature has emerged on Chinese foreign aid’s motivations, modalities, and impact. However, a significant lacuna remains in the domestic politics relating to this phenomenon. This gap is especially glaring in public opinion concerning China’s growing foreign aid programs. By analyzing empirical data gathered from a variet…
China, India and the pattern of G20/BRICS engagement
This article examines the pattern of engagement by China and India in terms of the G20 and BRICS. Both countries are torn between a self-identity as status-seeking ‘rising’ powers and as champions of solidarity with other countries of the Global South. In conceptual terms, primary reference is made to the notion of ambivalence inherent in the fundamental co-existence of the privileging of these two different identities. That these contrasting min…
China’s Engagement with Former Foreign Leaders
In recent years many former heads of foreign governments have visited China, appearing at various forums, conferences, and other events. China’s engagement with these former leaders may appear to be a form of public diplomacy, but even more importantly it has been a strategy of political legitimation adopted by the Chinese Communist Party. Based on an original database of hundreds of cases, we provide a systematic analysis of the visits of former…
Recalibrating the Classic Models of Mediation
This article examines the shift away from the classic models of mediation to a hybrid personality-network approach with specific reference to the Venezuela crisis. Instead of third-party mediators possessing formal organizational standing and resources, the focus of this recalibrated model is placed on voluntary initiatives driven by ex- leaders. Of particular interest is the set of activities via Jimmy Carter and the former Prime Minister of Spa…
Adapting Public Diplomacy to the Populist Challenge
Public diplomacy has been externally directed via a strategy of assertive reputation-building. In an era of insurgent populism, this model faces strong backlash, driven by the image of public diplomacy being disconnected from domestic publics. Under these conditions, an opportunistic set of ascendant political leaders — even those located at the international system’s core — have considerable incentive to diminish ‘their’ own diplomats as part of…
Insider and Outsider Strategies of Influence
The challenge of ‘emerging’ countries in the 21st century has been conducted in a much more peaceful manner than in past eras when power transitions were most commonly accompanied by war. The hallmark of this peaceful transition has been the elevation of the G20, a forum in which established and emerging powers jointly deal with global economic issues and which – despite or precisely because of its informal character – has become the prime forum …
The Disintermediation Dilemma and its Impact on Diplomacy
This contribution to the Forum argues the research agenda on diplomacy has to be recalibrated: with a greater focus on how diplomacy is challenged domestically. This turbulence is intertwined with the rise of populism not from the periphery as largely featured in the past, but in the countries at the core of the international system, most noticeable in the Brexit campaign in Britain and the Donald Trump Administration in the United States. The ch…
The changing practices of frontline diplomacy
This article develops the concept of ‘frontline diplomacy’ – what practitioners referring to work in embassies, consulates, and permanent representation as ‘the field’ –, defined here as all diplomats’ activities taking place away from headquarters. IR scholarship tends to focus on Ministries of Foreign Affairs located in capitals. On the contrary, building on the practice turn in IR, we first show that international politics emerge from frontlin…
The BRICS and Collective Financial Statecraft
This book struggles for comparative advantage in an increasingly crowded field about BRICS. With some degree of novelty, the book deals with the financial statecraft theme, locating the activities of the five BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) on an array of issues but with the push for reform of international financial institutions (IFIs) as a core ingredient. Beyond the central financial statecraft theme, the stron…
Accountability for Effectiveness in Global Governance by John Kirton and Marina Larionova
Assessing the variation of ‘leader-focused status’ in contemporary global governance
This article argues that with the ‘Rise of the Informals’ the traditional conception of status in international relations is outdated. Whereas through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries status was primarily created by the consequences of war, in the twenty-first century attributions of status are more explicitly institutional based. With the shift from small concerts to larger apex forums, therefore, opportunities to shape status standing are…
The G20 is dead as a crisis or steering committee
The G20 as experienced via the 2008 global financial crisis is dead. That is to say, examining the G20 as a tightly controlling concert of powers is no longer relevant. Yet, this ending does not mean that the G20 is irrelevant. The G20's increased fragmentation has cut into its substantive performance. Tensions in national policy coordination have constrained institutional effectiveness, creating a high degree of fragility in terms of delivery. T…
A decade of G20 summitry
In 2008 the G20 met for the first time at the level of heads of state and government in the midst of the global financial crisis. In the following year the G20 coordinated collective actions that helped to contain the worst effects of the financial crisis. A decade later, the G20 is dealing with an underlying systemic crisis fuelled by challenges to rules-based international cooperation from major countries as well as criticism regarding its effe…
The Fifa Scandal and the Distorted Influence of Small States
The Fédération Internationale de Football Association, the international body that governs soccer, became engulfed in a massive corruption scandal in 2015. Yet despite its global audience, financial influence, and cultural importance, the sport's governance has received little attention in political science or international studies. This article showcases how FIFA represents an important site for analyzing global governance by demonstrating how t…
Entrepreneurial states versus middle powers
This article highlights both the differences and similarities between the concepts of entrepreneurial states and middle powers. The use of the entrepreneurial state as the central framing device is distinctive in a number of ways, including reducing the emphasis on hierarchy in the global system. Yet for all the divergences, the two frames are indelibly intertwined, above all in privileging agency over structural positioning. In either case there…
Chinese Leadership in the Evolution of “Hub” and “Parallel” Globally Oriented Institutions
Middle power leadership and coalition building
Perhaps the key question of debate among neorealist scholars of international political economy concerns the manner in which cooperation may or may not be secured in the global economic order "after hegemony," a question posed by Robert Keohane. A second broad question of interest to scholars of international politics concerns the manner in which weaker states attempt to influence stronger ones. A conflation of these two questions could cause sch…
Foreign Policy Strategies of Emerging Powers in a Multipolar World
This Introductory Review examines the major debates concerning the rise of emerging powers in the global system. It points to the fundamental difference between the contours of ascendancy in the first quarter of the twenty-first century from previous historical eras with reference to the number of countries placed in this category, the privileging of economic dimensions of power, and the much more elaborate and open levels with regard to institut…
Bound to Follow? Leadership and Followership in the Gulf Conflict
Journal Article Bound to Follow? Leadership and Followership in the Gulf Conflict Get access Andrew Fenton Cooper, Andrew Fenton Cooper ANDREW FENTON COOPER is associate professor, department of political science. University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Richard A. Higgott, Richard A. Higgott RICHARD A. HIGGOTT is reader, department of international relations. Research Scho…
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Richard A. Higgott, Andrew Fenton Cooper, Jenelle Bonnor, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation: An Evolving Case-Study in Leadership and Co-operation Building, International Journal, Vol. 45, No. 4, Multilateralism: Old & New (Autumn, 1990), pp. 823-866
How much is global governance changing? The G20 as international practice
Is the G20 transforming global governance, or does it reinforce the status quo? In this article we argue that as innovative as some diplomatic practices of the G20 may be, we should not overstate their potential impact. More specifically, we show that G20 diplomacy often reproduces many oligarchic tendencies in global governance, while also relaxing club dynamics in some ways. On the one hand, the G20 has more inductees who operate along new rule…
Positioning the third wave of middle power diplomacy
This article argues that middle power diplomacy can be identified as having gone through three distinct waves. The first is connected with the immediate post-1945 global order, with a focus on multilateralism via the United Nations and related bodies. The second moved to ad hoc bursts of activism related to specific issue area niches. The third and current wave, by contrast, is embedded in the informal institutionalization associated with the G20…
The G20 as an improvised crisis committee and/or a contested 'steering committee' for the world
Arguably the most important catalytic effect of the ‘Great Recession’ of 2008–2009 has been the creation of the G20 at the leaders’ level. As a form of improvised diplomacy the G20 merits extensive scrutiny, revealing as it does the degree of adaptation possible in the international system. The G20 links a significant ideational component, a new dynamic between established and emerging powers, and a complex set of issues. The innovative quality o…
Enhancing Global Governance
Enhancing Global Governance analyzes the means by which global governance has been promoted by innovative diplomatic practices. The impetus for a new diplomacy has emerged not from traditional channels, but through a series of cross cutting coalitions among like-minded states and civil society. The question of how these alternative leadership forms have been expressed through the United Nations system, together with an evaluation of the impact th…
Squeezed or revitalised? Middle powers, the G20 and the evolution of global governance
If global affairs are, indeed, moving towards a multipolar system, in which power coalesces around a small number of dominant poles (USA/EU/brics in the global South), then middle powers may well find themselves relegated to a subordinate role. Yet, at odds with this expectation, the role of particular traditional and non-traditional middle powers has become revitalised. This is in large part because of the nature of the global order after unipol…
A Model for the Future
A remarkable story unfolded last year in Peru: The Organization of American States (OAS) played a central role in successfully resolving a crisis sparked by President Alberto Fujimori's efforts to win an unprecedented third term in office. In disputed first-round elections on 9 April 2000, Fujimori won just under 50 percent of the vote, forcing him into a runoff with second-place finisher Alejandro Toledo. As the May 28 runoff approached, however…
Emerging Powers and Africa
This article examines the increasing engagement between the ‘emerging powers’ and African countries, and the implications for international governance. The global power dynamic is undergoing a cumulative reordering process, where countries including China, India, Brazil and Russia are occupying increasingly prominent roles in the international system. In their approach to Africa, the ‘BRIC’ countries have employed a mix of soft power, public dipl…
Do the Asian Drivers Pull their Diplomatic Weight? China, India, and the United Nations
Global and/or regional development at the start of the 21st century? China, India and (South) Africa
Projected economic growth for China and India presents considerable opportunities and dilemmas for the African region, especially for human development, rights and security around its own growth centre, South Africa. This article juxtaposes a set of overlapping perspectives—emerging economies versus nics, fragile versus developmental states, new regionalisms, resource conflicts and new South – South relations—to analyse the present and prospectiv…
Beyond One Image Fits All
The previous article, by Heribert Dieter and Rajiv Kumar, raises a number of issues about the role of celebrities in global governance. Although the performance of this self-selected cast of performers remains highly contentious, it must be accepted that this activity is one more signal that the traditional script of international relations is changing. This shift is exciting but also bewildering. Views on what to make of this phenomenon are shar…
The changing practices of frontline diplomacy
This article develops the concept of ‘frontline diplomacy’ – what practitioners referring to work in embassies, consulates, and permanent representation as ‘the field’ –, defined here as all diplomats’ activities taking place away from headquarters. IR scholarship tends to focus on Ministries of Foreign Affairs located in capitals. On the contrary, building on the practice turn in IR, we first show that international politics emerge from frontlin…
The Disintermediation Dilemma and its Impact on Diplomacy
This contribution to the Forum argues the research agenda on diplomacy has to be recalibrated: with a greater focus on how diplomacy is challenged domestically. This turbulence is intertwined with the rise of populism not from the periphery as largely featured in the past, but in the countries at the core of the international system, most noticeable in the Brexit campaign in Britain and the Donald Trump Administration in the United States. The ch…
Testing the Club Dynamics of the BRICS
The article addresses the puzzle of how the BRICS members are able to overcome institutional constraints and make progressin establishing the New Development Bank (NDB) in a short period of time from its conception. It argues that the club dynamicsamong the members help circumvent intra-BRICS conflict due to the embedded mutual common interest in statusattribution. Club dynamics also create an informal institutional platform for them to manoeuvre…
A critical evaluation of rationalist IR in the analysis of informal institutions
This article has two major inter-connected objectives about the ascendancy of informal international institutions on a global basis. The first objective is to highlight the extended scope of this phenomenon. The second objective of this article evaluates how the mainstream International Relations (IR) literature has treated the cascading wave of informal institutions. With this expansion in mind, the focus is on a critical evaluation of the ratio…
China, India and the pattern of G20/BRICS engagement
This article examines the pattern of engagement by China and India in terms of the G20 and BRICS. Both countries are torn between a self-identity as status-seeking ‘rising’ powers and as champions of solidarity with other countries of the Global South. In conceptual terms, primary reference is made to the notion of ambivalence inherent in the fundamental co-existence of the privileging of these two different identities. That these contrasting min…
Civil Society Relationships with the G20
The central question that this work asks is whether the relationship between the G20 summit process and civil society is path dependent on the template built up with respect to the G8. Or, alternatively, does the G20–civil society relationship move towards a distinct autonomous pattern? Through the perspective of the G8 template it is the differences as much as the basic similarities that stand out with respect to the G20. Civil society recognise…
Negotiating out of Argentina's financial crisis
Developing countries restructuring their debts with international creditors are generally assumed to have little leverage in negotiations. This view of a weakened state mirrors an analysis of the c
Like-minded Nations and Contrasting Diplomatic Styles
The pairing of Australia and Canada has become a rich source of comparative studies with respect to foreign economic policy. This matching has been largely inspired by the like-mindedness of the two countries. Yet, if Australia and Canada may be said to have similar objectives in terms of the international system, the methods through which they have attempted to pursue these objectives have differed sharply. Using international-level and domestic…
The cascading dynamics of informal institutions
This special issue aims to offer empirical, qualitative and comparative insights into the waves of informality sweeping the globe and to decipher the nature and consequence of the proliferating dynamics of informal organizations. From a policy perspective, the special issue is motivated to delve into the operationalization of practices and outcomes of informal organizations. In particular, the articles encompassing this special issue focus on thr…
Insider and Outsider Strategies of Influence
The challenge of ‘emerging’ countries in the 21st century has been conducted in a much more peaceful manner than in past eras when power transitions were most commonly accompanied by war. The hallmark of this peaceful transition has been the elevation of the G20, a forum in which established and emerging powers jointly deal with global economic issues and which – despite or precisely because of its informal character – has become the prime forum …
Assessing the variation of ‘leader-focused status’ in contemporary global governance
This article argues that with the ‘Rise of the Informals’ the traditional conception of status in international relations is outdated. Whereas through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries status was primarily created by the consequences of war, in the twenty-first century attributions of status are more explicitly institutional based. With the shift from small concerts to larger apex forums, therefore, opportunities to shape status standing are…
Subnational Activity and Foreign Economic Policy Making in Canada and the United States
Politicians in Ottawa have frequently pointed to the nature of Canadian federalism as an impediment to coherent and coordinated economic policy making in Canada. In doing so, they have sometimes been tempted to compare their own situation with that of their counterparts in the United States. The agriculture sector illustrates this point in a particularly clear fashion. On a number of occasions when he was minister of agriculture in the 1970s, Eug…
The protein link
Partial security regimes and verification of compliance
An international regime is an important concept to explain states’ patterned behavior in an anarchic international world. In this paper, an arms control treaty is considered to be a partial security regime and the role of verification of parties’ compliance to the treaty is studied from a regime perspective. Key elements of a regime with special reference to arms control regimes are examined. Verification of compliance is considered as a norm (as…
Middle power leadership and coalition building
Perhaps the key question of debate among neorealist scholars of international political economy concerns the manner in which cooperation may or may not be secured in the global economic order "after hegemony," a question posed by Robert Keohane. A second broad question of interest to scholars of international politics concerns the manner in which weaker states attempt to influence stronger ones. A conflation of these two questions could cause sch…
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Richard A. Higgott, Andrew Fenton Cooper, Jenelle Bonnor, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation: An Evolving Case-Study in Leadership and Co-operation Building, International Journal, Vol. 45, No. 4, Multilateralism: Old & New (Autumn, 1990), pp. 823-866
British Agricultural Policy, 1912-36
Agricultural Trade
The International Politics of Agricultural Trade
Bound to Follow? Leadership and Followership in the Gulf Conflict
Journal Article Bound to Follow? Leadership and Followership in the Gulf Conflict Get access Andrew Fenton Cooper, Andrew Fenton Cooper ANDREW FENTON COOPER is associate professor, department of political science. University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Richard A. Higgott, Richard A. Higgott RICHARD A. HIGGOTT is reader, department of international relations. Research Scho…
Like-minded Nations and Contrasting Diplomatic Styles
The pairing of Australia and Canada has become a rich source of comparative studies with respect to foreign economic policy. This matching has been largely inspired by the like-mindedness of the two countries. Yet, if Australia and Canada may be said to have similar objectives in terms of the international system, the methods through which they have attempted to pursue these objectives have differed sharply. Using international-level and domestic…
Bringing the NGOs in
policy. The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment of 1972 is associated with the first generation of international environmental activities in the 1960s and 1970s, while the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (unced) of 1992 symbolizes the ascendance of environmental issues on the global agenda in the 1980s and 1990s. In terms of style and substance, there is a strong sense of progression between the two events.…
Relocating Middle Powers
George Bush's WarJean Edward Smith New York
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The Paradox of Continental Production
Relocating Middle Powers
Australian approaches to countertrade
Countertrade (or barter trade) has become an important element of the international political economy in the past 15 years, and is said to typify the emergence of neo‐mercantilist tendencies in the international system. The implications for Australia arising from this alteration in the ‘rules of the game’ with respect to the international system are profound. This article explores how the Australian government, and Australian‐based firms, have re…
Relocating Middle Powers
Between fragmentation and integration
Niche Diplomacy
An examination of the nature of middle power diplomacy in the post-Cold War era. As the rigid hierarchy of the bipolar era wanes, the potential ability of middle powers to open segmented niches opens
Niche Diplomacy
Amidst the major transformation of the global system after the Cold War, the study of international relations has maintained a predominantly top-down orientation. This apex-centred focus comes out most clearly in the important debates concerning the demise of the Soviet Union and the hegemonic role of the United States of America (USA). 1 The same perspective is also evident in the preoccupation in the international relations literature with spec…
Farm Wars
Beyond Representation
The Multiple Faces of South African Foreign Policy
THE 'NEW' SOUTH AFRICA PROVIDES AN INTERESTING CASE STUDY of the interaction between international and domestic politics. What Robert Putnam describes as the 'puzzling tangles'(f.1) between external and domestic factors seem especially salient here because of the transformational component in South Africa. Externally, the end of the apartheid regime has widened the range of available options. The challenge is to gauge more precisely the nature of…
Donald Smiley Prize
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button
Worthwhile Initiatives? Canadian Mission-Oriented Diplomacy
Political science (90 works) · Law (71 works) · Economics (62 works) · Politics (62 works) · Political economy (55 works) · Law (54 works) · Sociology (51 works) · International Development and Aid (42 works) · International Relations and Foreign Policy (30 works) · Diplomacy (26 works)