Patrick Manning
Biographic Data
| ID | 75747 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Patrick Manning |
| GIVEN NAMES | Patrick |
| FAMILY NAME | Manning |
| SIGNATURE | MANNING P |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Pittsburgh |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5719-8383 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 161 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1168 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 161 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1969 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 15 |
Scales of Analyzing Migration in the Work of Marlou Schrover and Leo Lucassen
Studies of migration have expanded in recent decades, deepening the inevitable interaction of their analysis. This essay focuses on the issue of scale in the interpretation of migration history, where scale is geographic, temporal, and topical. The analysis compares the work of two outstanding migration historians with each other and with a wider field of migration scholars, asking: How does the interpretation and validity of an analysis in migra…
Language Origins and Group Behavior
The emergence of human language is explored here through a focus on group behavior of humans and other animals, leading up to the assertion that creolization was the final step in creating fully syntactic language, 70,000 years ago. Group behavior generally relies on animal perception of environmental information - audio, visual, and other - and on signals emitted and exchanged among organisms. Groups are widespread in the animal kingdom, with th…
In Memory of Christopher Ehret (July 27, 1941–March 25, 2025)
Networks in the World History of Human Evolution
This study presents a research design and hypotheses regarding a wide range of social groups found in long-term human history. It traces the work of the research teams that informally collaborated on the analysis discussed here: network science, which began to emerge in 1998; the earlier and still continuing tradition of Social Network Analysis; and the coalescence of multidisciplinary scholarship on human history. The paper defines social groups…
Households and communities
Recent developments in the theory of social evolution give support to arguments that the overall pattern of human evolution can effectively be seen through three linked but sequential mechanisms of biological, cultural, and social evolution. This framework is applied in an overview of the intimate group (for residence) and the community (for group defense) within primate species. For Homo sapiens, the intimate group took the form of a household l…
The Origins of Social Evolution
This study hypothesizes the emergence of social evolution in northeast Africa, about 70,000 years ago. The combined emergence of syntactic language and collaborative groups generated a process of systematic social change. Spoken language itself and its speaking community, as they solidified, became the first social institutions. A deductive theory formalizes the emergence of language in a group of youths, tracing the "institutional evolution" of …
A World Transformed
Walvin’s concise review of slavery in the Atlantic argues that slavery has transformed the West or, indeed, the world to the present day. Chapters in six sections include overviews of Iberian and northern European slave systems, examples from the Middle Passage, slave trade within Brazil and the United States, “managing slavery,” the campaign for freedom, and the argument about the world transformed by slavery—as seen through sugar, tobacco, serv…
“Civilization” in History and Ideology Since 1800
The term “civilization,” articulated in eighteenth century Europe, has been widely used in many languages from the nineteenth century to the present. It refers both to widespread societies governed by powerful states in modern times and to prestigious urban and monumental civilizations of ancient times. This essay explores the history of the concept of civilization through science, ideology, and schooling. Scientific exploration of civilization w…
Commentary
This commentary on the articles collected in this issue confirms that they illustrate effectively the main approaches to historical comparison for Africa in recent centuries. The essay reaffirms A.I. Asiwaju's introductory statement of the crucial importance of comparative work in advancing studies of African history, and amplifies this argument by asserting that comparative and global frameworks each have their place, and that each can be employ…
Empires and Nations in the Modern World
This essay traces the path of empires and nations as forms of governance, the eventual predominance of nations and disappearance of empires, and the contemporary interplay of large and small nations as the dominant form of global governance. It also gives attention to the rise of capitalist economic organization as a factor expanding empires and later encouraging nationhood. The essay emphasizes two stages in the emergence of nations: the emergen…
An Empirical Synthesis of Human Labor History
The Story of Work traces the processes of human labor at unprecedented temporal depth. Among the histories of humankind, it is innovative in its bottom-up focus on the steady labor of production rather than structures of dominance or empire. Jan Lucassen’s balance of empirical detail and logical framework unfolds in a graceful and orderly fashion, elegantly summarizing his widely varied source materials and assembling a narrative that reveals con…
Africa
African economies were globally integrated yet regionally autonomous. This chapter addresses volume and direction of slave trade, continental and regional export value, and theories of economic growth and enslavement. Details address the varying regional peaks in slave trade as related to warfare, population, regional social orders, and gender relations. The overseas diaspora grew to 10% of the African total of some 140 million. African economies…
Education Across the African Diaspora, 1500–2020
Education in the African Diaspora unfolded under difficult conditions yet provided its communities with individual advancement, conceptual discoveries, and institutional achievements. Examining regions across the of African Diaspora, this essay explores education in the era of enslavement and emancipation (up to 1880); in times of industrialization and segregation (up to 1950); and the era of decolonization, civil rights, and high-level education…
A History of Humanity
Humanity today functions as a gigantic, world-encompassing system. Renowned world historian, Patrick Manning traces how this human system evolved from Homo Sapiens' beginnings over 200,000 years ago right up to the present day. He focuses on three great shifts in the scale of social organization - the rise of syntactical language, of agricultural society, and today's newly global social discourse - and links processes of social evolution to the d…
Migration in global transformation, 1980 to 2050
Global population growth has been at a peak in recent decades, and several measures of migration have been at a high level. The documentation of migration has improved in recent times, for several reasons. National governments and other institutions are better able to keep records, more people are migrating, and global patterns of migration are becoming more consistent. International migration is a central factor in linking labor to economic prod…
Spanning the oceans, 1400 to 1700
Improved maritime technology enabled individual humans at last to succeed in spanning the globe. The opening of new routes brought exciting adventures and encounters, but it also brought disasters. The new sea routes put China and India in easier contact with each other and with Europe. The Ming Empire of China, formed in the mid-fifteenth century by rebellious armies that defeated the Yuan Empire, caused and halted migration. The work of Christi…
Diasporas and nations in expansion, 1900 to 1980
Diasporas of the twentieth century have stretched across national boundaries, carrying their cultures with them, and consequently have conditioned the modern world deeply. The Canadian nation developed from a precarious mix of old diasporas and new, first from the British and French and then from a wider variety of cultures. Diasporas contributed actively to the creation and expansion of cosmopolitan culture in other times and places as well, eve…
Earliest human migrations, to 40,000 BP
Archaeologists, human biologists, ecologists, and geneticists have developed a relatively detailed and coherent narrative of human evolution. The initial stages in human colonization of new territories consisted, therefore, of expansion from the East African homeland to accessible tropical areas in Africa, Asia, and Oceania. A group of geneticists and molecular biologists at the University of California, Berkeley, conducted sampling and examinati…
Modes of movement, 500 to 1400 CE
The modes of movement across community lines included travel on foot, on horseback, and by boat. In one sense, cross-community migration has changed little over the course of human history: people leave their home community, travel a distance, and learn to live among people of different language and culture. The patterns of language distribution in North America and Mesoamerica show that groups have migrated back and forth over the ages. One patt…
Agriculture, 15,000 to 5000 BP
The domestication of plants and animals – the development of agriculture – has fascinated analysts for centuries. The best-documented case of the breakthrough from initial experimentation to full-scale agriculture and food production is that of wheat, developed on the highlands of the Anatolian Peninsula and the adjoining lowlands of the Fertile Crescent. The Chinese and Austronesians were improvers rather than inventors of agriculture, but they …
Peopling northern and American regions, 40,000 to 15,000 BP
The story of migrations in the Americas has quite naturally tended to be told separately from the occupation of the Old World. Evidence of linguistic classification provides a way to minimize this separation, and to emphasize the parallels and the direct connections of American migrations with those of the Old World. The archaeological remains of early humans in the Americas have been sparse so far, indicating that populations were either late to…
Commerce, 3000 BCE to 500 CE
The creation of metallic coins for money is an unmistakable hallmark of formal commerce. The technology of commerce consisted of many levels of tools, techniques, and knowledge. One may begin with the technology of transportation on land and sea. The vessels developed for commerce had to be appropriate to the riverain and oceanic waterways, but also benefited from developments enabling the carrying and preservation of steadily larger loads. Chris…
Labor for industry and empire, 1700 to 1900
Slavery provided a way to obtain and exploit labor when voluntary or paid labor was insufficient. The interplay of industry and labor had much to do with the growth of empire. Empires of capital consisted of home-country control of markets and productive resources in other countries. Migrants from Britain and Spain moved in large numbers to their colonies, but in larger numbers away from their empire. The expansion of empires usually involved gai…
History of Humanity
The Slave Trade
If the best-known aspects of African slavery remain the horrors of the middle passage and the travail of plantation life in the Americas, recent work has nonetheless provided some important reminders of the Old World ramifications of slavery (Miller 1988; Meillassoux 1986; Miers and Roberts 1988; Manning in press-a). Millions of slaves were sent from sub-Saharan Africa to serve in households and plantations in North Africa and the Middle East and…
An Economic History of West Africa
This is the standard account of the economic history of the vast area conventionally known as West Africa. Ranging from prehistoric time to independence it covers the former French as well as British colonies
Custom and Politics in Urban Africa
Based on Cohen's fieldwork in the 1960s among the Hausa migrants, a people of the Yoruba area (then the western region of the Federation of Nigeria), Custom and Politics in Urban Africa looks at how ethnic groups use elements of tradition in jostling for power and privilege in new urban situations. This is a landmark work in urban anthropology and provides a comparative framework for studying political processes in African societies
Slavery and African Life
The political economy of slavery in Africa 2. Why Africans? The rise of the slave trade to 1700 3. Slavery and the African population: a demographic model 4. The quantitative impact of the slave trade, 1700-1900 5. The economics and morality of slave supply 6. Patterns of slave life 7. Transformations of slavery and society, 1650-1900 8. The end of slavery 9. The world and Africa Appendix 1: slave prices Appendix 2: the demographic simulation Not…
Essays on the Political Economy of Africa
The Dutch in the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1600-1815
List of tables, figures and maps Preface 1. Foundations of the slave traffic, 1600-61 2. Curacao and the asiento trade, 1650-1730 3. The Dutch on the West African coast 4. Trade and politics on the African coast 5. Volume of African exports and origins of slaves 6. Organization and mechanics of the trade 7. The triangular trade 8. The Dutch plantation colonies under WIC monopoly, 1618-1738 9. The era of the free trade, 1730-80 10. The slaves: the…
Migration in World History
This fully revised and updated second edition of Migration in World History traces the connections among regions brought about by the movement of people, diseases, crops, technology and ideas. Drawing on examples from a wide range of geographical regions and thematic areas, noted world historian Patrick Manning guides the reader through: the earliest human migrations, including the earliest hominids, their development and spread, and the controve…
An Economic History of Central Niger
Slavery, Colonialism and Economic Growth in Dahomey, 1640-1960
Maps Tables Figures Preface 1. Slavery, colonialism and economic growth, 1640-1960 2. The Dahomean economy, 1640-1890 3. Struggles with the gods: economic life in the 1880s 4. Production, 1890-1914 5. Demand, 1890-1914 6. Exchange, 1890-1914 7. The alien state, 1890-1914 8. Social struggles for economic ends, 1890-1914 9. The mechanism of accumulation 10. Capitalism and colonialism, 1915-60 11. The Dahomean national movement 12. Epilogue Notes Ap…
Political Reform in Francophone Africa
The Dynamics of Global Dominance
presents an impressive and far-reaching comparative analysis of the creation, character, collapse, and consequences of western Europe's overseas empires.He contends that Europeans developed a combination of highly distinctive political, economic, and religious institutions that were driven by a strong "explore-If there is additional discussion of this review, you may access it through the network, at https://networks.h-net.org
Slavery and African Life
Migration in World History
In this third edition of Migration in World History, Patrick Manning presents an expanded and newly coherent view of migratory processes, conveying new research and interpretation. The engaging narrative shows the continuity of migratory processes from the time of foragers who settled the earth to farmers opening new fields and merchants linking purchasers everywhere. In the last thousand years, accumulation of wealth brought capitalism, industry…
Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400-1680
The Enslavement of Africans
Ce modèle concerne l'impact, au XVIIle siècle de la traite transatlantique et transsaharienne des esclaves sur la composition et la croissance des pouplaiions africaines. L'Afrique est divisée en deux régions exportatrices: la Côte, qui alimente le marché du Nouveau Monde avec des esclaves, en majorité masculine; et l'Intérieur, qui fournit des esclaves à prédominance féminine au monde musulman. Pour chaque région, le modèle indique la répartitio…
Africa and the International Economy, 1800-1960
The Biography of Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua
This is the only biography of an American slave who was born in Africa. Baquaqua was enslaved in northern Benin in the early 1840s when he was about 20. At the time he was a devout Muslim and worked as a bodyguard for the ruler of a small town. He was abducted and taken south to Togo and sold to a slave merchant who shipped him to Rio de Janeiro, then the world's largest slave market. Here he was sold again and brought to New York where he was co…
The Anthropology of Slavery
The Prospects for African Economic History
The World Bank, in its controversial 1981 report on problems of African development, came down particularly hard on African governments for having inflated the state sector (World Bank, 1981: 40): During the past 20 years the public sector has greatly extended its economic role in Africa, as it has elsewhere. This growth has come not only from expansion of government per se, but also by extension of the state into commercial or productive activit…
The Slave Trade
If the best-known aspects of African slavery remain the horrors of the middle passage and the travail of plantation life in the Americas, recent work has nonetheless provided some important reminders of the Old World ramifications of slavery (Miller 1988; Meillassoux 1986; Miers and Roberts 1988; Manning in press-a). Millions of slaves were sent from sub-Saharan Africa to serve in households and plantations in North Africa and the Middle East and…
Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa
Prologue 2. Economy and society, 1880-1940 3. Government and politics, 1880-1940 4. Culture and religion, 1880-1940 5. Economy and society, 1940-85 6. Government and politics, 1940-85 7. Culuture and religion, 1940-85 8. Democracy and dependence, 1985-95 9. Epilogue Bibliographical essay Index
Social History of Timbuktu
An Economic History of Nigeria, 1860-1960
Slaves, Palm Oil, and Political Power on the West African Coast
The safety of the Ashanti Union depended from the first on acquiring muskets; but muskets, as in Dahomey, could be obtained only in exchange for slaves . . . Slaving carried them inevitably towards conquest of their neighbors. They were seldom or never willing to sell their own people; hence they had to conquer foreign states and also, since other African nations were in the same game, control the trade routes to the coast. This in turn needed mo…
Contours of Slavery and Social Change in Africa
THE PAST GENERATION OF AFRICANIST SCHOLARSHIP, with its profound revision in interpretation of African social change, has raised questions about previous notions that change in precolonial Africa stemmed primarily from influence of Europeans and other outsiders. According to old view-the vision of Africa-societies in tropical Africa changed at no more than a glacial pace, except under relentlessly growing pressure of European intrusion. That this…
Locating Africans on the World Stage
This article reviews the character of the world-historical literature from the shared standpoint of Africans and people of the African diaspora. The world-historical literature has achieved strengths in comprehensiveness, disciplinary specialization, and coherence—as well as in its balance of multiple perspectives and its development of “the world stage” as a rhetorical device. Nonetheless, Africans and people of the African diaspora are represen…
Slaves, Palm Oil, and Political Power on the West African Coast
The safety of the Ashanti Union depended from the first on acquiring muskets; but muskets, as in Dahomey, could be obtained only in exchange for slaves . . . Slaving carried them inevitably towards conquest of their neighbors. They were seldom or never willing to sell their own people; hence they had to conquer foreign states and also, since other African nations were in the same game, control the trade routes to the coast. This in turn needed mo…
Custom and Politics in Urban Africa
Based on Cohen's fieldwork in the 1960s among the Hausa migrants, a people of the Yoruba area (then the western region of the Federation of Nigeria), Custom and Politics in Urban Africa looks at how ethnic groups use elements of tradition in jostling for power and privilege in new urban situations. This is a landmark work in urban anthropology and provides a comparative framework for studying political processes in African societies
Studies in Rural Capitalism in West Africa
Originally published in 1970, this is a collection of studies of indigenous economies in Ghana and Nigeria by an author with an unusual interdisciplinary approach. In the opening section it is contended that most economists interested in underdeveloped countries have neglected the detailed study of economic organization and mechanism in the field, especially in rural areas, and that, as a result, there has been little testing of many conventional…
L'Afrique de L'Ouest Bloquee. L'Eonomie de la Colonisation, 1880-1970
The Kru Mariner in the Nineteenth Century
The Development of Indigenous Trade and Markets in West Africa
Analyzing the Costs and Benefits of Colonialism
Notes toward a Theory of Ideology in Historical Writing on Modern Africa
Patrick Manning, Notes toward a Theory of Ideology in Historical Writing on Modern Africa, Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines, Vol. 8, No. 2 (1974), pp. 235-253
Notes Toward a Theory of Ideology in Historlcal Writing on Modern Afrlca
RÉSUMÉCette contribution vise à identifier des influences de l'idéologie sur l'histoire écrite de l'Afrique moderne, afin de mieux écrire l'histoire et de mieux critiquer l'histoire écrite. L'importance des distinctions nationales des classes sociales à l'égard de l'établissement de point de vue, et donc de l'idéologie, est soulignée ainsi que le rôle de l'histoire comme soutien de l'idéologie.Pour rendre plus spécifique cette analyse, plusieurs …
Livres/Books
Essays on the Political Economy of Africa
An Economic History of Nigeria, 1860-1960
Livres/Books
Problems of Ineffective Government in Post-Colonial Dahomey
Africa and the International Economy, 1800-1960
Precolonial Africa
L'Afrique Historique et Geographique
The Imperial Impact
An Economic History of Tropical Africa
These articles cover: early agricultural development; history of agricultural crops; patterns of land use and tenure; introduction and use of metals; economic and technological aspects of the Iron Age; patterns of trade; trade routes and centres; and media of exchange
Der atlantische Sklavenhandel von Dahomey (1740-1797)
The Technology of Production in Southern Dahomey, c. 1900
Public Finance and Capital Investment
The economic policies of colonial regimes should be measured not only by the standards of the colonial era, but also by the standards of our own day. The problem is how to do economic analysis for a period before economic statistics were collected. Indeed, exercises in national analysis of colonial Africa are essential if we are to establish the degree of continuity and discontinuity in modern African economic history. The issue has already been …
The Enslavement of Africans
Ce modèle concerne l'impact, au XVIIle siècle de la traite transatlantique et transsaharienne des esclaves sur la composition et la croissance des pouplaiions africaines. L'Afrique est divisée en deux régions exportatrices: la Côte, qui alimente le marché du Nouveau Monde avec des esclaves, en majorité masculine; et l'Intérieur, qui fournit des esclaves à prédominance féminine au monde musulman. Pour chaque région, le modèle indique la répartitio…
Slavery, Colonialism and Economic Growth in Dahomey, 1640–1960
The small but important region of Dahomey (now the People's Republic of Benin) has played an active role in the world economy throughout the era of mercantile and industrial capitalism, beginning as an exporter of slaves and becoming an exporter of plain oil and palm kernels. This book covers a span of three centuries, integrating into a single framework the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial economic history of Dahomey. Mr Manning has piec…
"Two Comments on Manning. "The Enslavement of Africans
John C. Caldwell, J. E. Inikori, Patrick Manning, Two Comments on Manning. "The Enslavement of Africans: A Demographic Model," CJAS/RCEA, 15 (1981), and a Response, Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines, Vol. 16, No. 1 (1982), pp. 127-139
History (96 works) · Political science (80 works) · Geography (72 works) · History (63 works) · African history and culture studies (58 works) · Colonialism, slavery, and trade (49 works) · Sociology (48 works) · Economics (37 works) · Global Maritime and Colonial Histories (36 works) · Ancient history (35 works)