Michael P Richards
Biographic Data
| ID | 76044 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Michael P Richards |
| GIVEN NAMES | Michael P |
| FAMILY NAME | Richards |
| SIGNATURE | RICHARDS M P |
| AFFILIATIONS | Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 68 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1079 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 66 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 2 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2001 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 19 |
FRUITS of the sea? A cautionary tale regarding Bayesian modelling of palaeodiets using stable isotope data
Changing human-cattle relationships in Ireland
Domesticated cattle were brought to Ireland during the Neolithic. By the early medieval period, 4000 years later, these animals were central to social and economic status in Irish communities and the landscape was organised around cattle husbandry to a degree unattested elsewhere in Europe. How this socio-economic importance developed is unclear. Here, using isotope data spanning six millennia, the authors identify a culturally driven shift towar…
Dietary evidence from Central Asian Neanderthals
Neanderthals are known primarily from their habitation of Western Eurasia, but they also populated large expanses of Northern Asia for thousands of years. Owing to a sparse archaeological record, relatively little is known about these eastern Neanderthal populations. Unlike in their western range, there are limited zooarchaeological and paleobotanical studies that inform us about the nature of their subsistence. Here, we perform a combined analys…
Agriculturalization of the Nomad-Dominated Empires of the Northern Wei Dynasty in Pingcheng city (398-494 ad)
To investigate the agriculturalization of the Nomad-Dominated Empires of the Northern Wei Dynasty, we analysed the δ13C and δ15N values of animal and human bone/dentine collagen from the Jingmaoyuan cemetery, Datong city, China. The majority of the Jingmaoyuan humans predominately relied on a diet of C4 plants, likely millets and/or domestic animals fed on by-products of millet. Other individuals had a C3/C4 mixed diet, indicating diets with more…
Complexity of agricultural economies in the Yiluo region in the late Neolithic and bronze age (3500-221 BC)
The region of Yiluo in North China witnessed the development of social complexity in the Neolithic period and the emergence of the first Chinese state society in the early Bronze Age. However, the agricultural economies in the Neolithic-Bronze Age periods of this region and its influence on the social complexity in this area have not been adequately understood, owing to the relative lack of evidence from archeobotany, chronology, and stable isoto…
Reconstructing diets and subsistence strategies of the Bronze Age humans from the Central Plains of China
A multicrop agricultural system, including millet, wheat, rice, and soybeans, first emerged in China in the Late Longhang period and is considered to be one of the most important basic foundations underpinning the origin and development of early states in China. However, there is still a lack of studies on the specific subsistence strategies of humans from the Bronze Age, specifically addressing how widespread the multicrop agricultural system wa…
The Beaker People
Economic and socio-cultural consequences of changing political rule on human and faunal diets in medieval Valencia (c. fifth-fifteenth century AD) as evidenced by stable isotopes
This paper explores the impact of changing religious political rule on subsistence within a single city through time using stable isotope analysis of human and animal bone collagen. The diet and economy of the medieval city of Valencia (Spain) are examined over a 1000-year period during successive periods of Visigothic, Muslim and Christian rule. Bulk stable isotope analysis of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) was carried out on 67 humans and 47…
Stable isotope ratio analysis (C, N, S) of hair from modern humans in Ethiopia shows clear differences related to subsistence regimes
Plant sulfur isotopic compositions are altered by marine fertilizers
Social status in late medieval and early modern Brittany
International audience
Diets, social roles, and geographical origins of sacrificial victims at the royal cemetery at Yinxu, Shang China
The Late Neandertal permanent lower left third premolar from Walou Cave (Trooz, Belgium) and its context
We discuss the implications of the existence of a clearly Neandertal premolar dating to the period of the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in the Meuse river basin
Examining social and cultural differentiation in early Bronze Age China using stable isotope analysis and mortuary patterning of human remains at Xin'anzhuang, Yinxu
Isotopic Analyses Reveal Geographical and Socioeconomic Patterns in Historical Domestic Animal Trade Between Predominantly Wheat- And Maize-Growing Agricultural Regions in Eastern North America
Historical zooarchaeologists have made significant contributions to key questions about the social, economic, and nutritional dimensions of domestic animal use in North American colonial contexts; however, techniques commonly employed in faunal analyses do not offer a means of assessing many important aspects of how animals were husbanded and traded. We apply isotopic analyses to faunal remains from archaeological sites to assess the social and e…
The genetic history of Ice Age Europe
Tar Trap
We radiocarbon dated the domestic dog found associated with La Brea Woman at the Rancho La Brea tar pits (Los Angeles, CA) to determine the validity of this human–dog connection. The domestic dog yielded a radiocarbon age of 3125 ± 25 14C yr BP (3250–3400 cal yr BP) and La Brea Woman had a re-dated age of 9080 ± 15 14C yr BP (10,220–10,250 cal yr BP). This ∼7000-year offset dispels the hypothesis this was an intentional and ceremonial human–dog b…
Isotopic perspectives (δ 13 C, δ 15 N, δ 34 S) of diet, social complexity, and animal husbandry during the proto‐shang period (ca. 2000–1600 BC) of China
OBJECTIVES: To examine dietary patterns and animal husbandry practices and assess the links between human diet and sex, age, burial direction/position, and social status (as inferred by type of grave goods) during the transformative Proto-Shang (ca. 2000-1600 BC) period of China. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ(13) C), nitrogen (δ(15) N), and sulfur (δ(34) S) were analyzed from human (n = 83) and animal (n = 36) bone col…
Isotopic evidence of human mobility and diet in a prehistoric/protohistoric F ijian coastal environment (c. 750–150 BP )
OBJECTIVES: Bourewa, on the southwest coast of Viti Levu in Fiji, is a multi-period site that contained burials dated to the later Vuda Phase (750-150 BP), a period of climatic fluctuations that potentially impacted the availability of food resources. We aim to investigate diet and movement at this site during a time of possible ecological pressure and political change. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed δ(13) C, δ(15) N, and (87) Sr/(86) Sr of t…
The transition to agriculture in south-western Europe
Oxygen isotope analysis of human bone phosphate evidences weaning age in archaeological populations
Here we report bone phosphate oxygen (δ 18 O p ) values from perinates/neonates and infants ( n = 32); children (4–12 years; n = 12); unsexed juveniles (16–18 years; n = 2); and adult bones ( n = 17) from Wharram Percy, North Yorkshire, England, in order to explore the potential of this method to investigate patterns of past breastfeeding and weaning. In prior studies, δ 15 N and δ 13 C analyses of bone collagen have been utilized to explore wean…
Mesolithic Dietary Heterogeneity on the European Atlantic Coastline
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data from the bone collagen of human remains excavated in the Sado Valley in the Alentejo region of Portugal provide evidence for the existence of two Mesolithic communities living in close proximity along the shores of an estuarine environment with significantly different diets. These findings add to the limited isotope paleodiet data set from this period in southern Europe and offer a valuable contribution to …
The effectiveness of using carbonate isotope measurements of body tissues to infer diet in human evolution
Genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia
Isotopic examination of links between diet, social differentiation, and Dish at the post‐medieval Carmelite Friary of Aalst, Belgium
Stable isotope ratios (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) were measured in human burials from the post‐medieval (16th–18th c. AD) Carmelite friary burial grounds at Aalst, a town in Flanders, Belgium. Dietary patterns of 39 adult individuals were analyzed, from a mixed monastic and lay population buried in three different locations, reflecting groups with differing social status. The data show significant variation in the consumption of perhaps meat, but certain…
Establishing collagen quality criteria for sulphur isotope analysis of archaeological bone collagen
Sulphur isotope measurements of bone collagen from archaeological sites are beginning to be applied more often, yet there are no clear criteria to assess the quality of the collagen and therefore the validity of the sulphur isotope values. We provide elemental data from different methods (DNA sequences, amino acid sequences and mass spectrometric measurements) which are used to establish a reliable system of quality criteria for sulphur isotope a…
The evolution of hominin diets
Stable isotope evidence for 1500 years of human diet at the city of York, UK
We present here the results of a large‐scale diachronic palaeodietary (carbon and nitrogen isotopic measurements of bone collagen) study of humans and animals from a single site, the city of York (U.K.), dating from the Roman period to the early 19th century. The human sample comprises 313 burials from the cemeteries of Trentholme Drive and Blossom Street (Roman), Belle Vue House (Anglo‐Saxon), Fishergate (High and Later Medieval), and All Saints…
Mesolithic and Neolithic Subsistence in Denmark
The change in subsistence at the Mesolithic/Neolithic transition in Denmark is often characterized as rapid, with a dramatic shift from a marine diet in the Mesolithic to a terrestrial-based diet in the Neolithic. This view has been largely based on the work of Tauber (1981), who observed this dietary shift in stable carbon isotope values for human bone from various coastal sites. Crucial to Tauber's argument are the radiocarbon dates he obtained…
Strontium isotope evidence for migration in late Pleistocene Rangifer
Iron Age breastfeeding practices in Britain
We present here the results of carbon and nitrogen isotopic analysis of bone collagen undertaken on all skeletal remains of infants and young children below the age of 6 years ( n = 34) from the internationally important British cemetery site at Wetwang Slack in East Yorkshire (middle Iron Age, ca . 4th to 2nd centuries BC). The aim of the study is to investigate infant diet, with particular reference to breastfeeding and weaning practices, and t…
Palaeodiets of Humans and Fauna at the Spanish Mesolithic Site of El Collado
The first human stable isotope results from the Spanish Levant, from the Mesolithic (ca. 7500 BP, Mesolithic IIIA phase) site of El Collado (near Oliva, Valencia) provide evidence for the consumption of marine protein by humans, estimated at approximately 25% of the dietary protein for some individuals. Isotopic analysis of human remains from other coastal Mesolithic sites in Europe, particularly along the Atlantic coast, also shows significant c…
Diet and diversity at later medieval fishergate
We present the results of stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of bone collagen for 155 individuals buried at the Later Medieval (13th to early 16th century AD) Gilbertine priory of St. Andrew, Fishergate in the city of York (UK). The data show significant variation in the consumption of marine foods between males and females as well as between individuals buried in different areas of the priory. Specifically, individuals from the crossing…
Investigation of diachronic dietary patterns on the islands of Ibiza and formentera, Spain
To examine how dietary patterns may have changed in the western Mediterranean through time, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios were measured on extracted bone collagen from fauna ( n = 75) and humans ( n = 135) spanning four distinct chronological periods: Chalcolithic (c.2100–1600 BC), Punic (6th–2nd/1st century BC), Late Antiquity‐Early Byzantine (4th–7th century AD), and Islamic (c.10th–13th century AD) on the islands of Ibiza and Forme…
Examining social and cultural differentiation in early Bronze Age China using stable isotope analysis and mortuary patterning of human remains at Xin'anzhuang, Yinxu
British Iron Age Diet
This paper presents the results of new research into British Iron Age diet. Specifically, it summarises the existing evidence and compares this with new evidence obtained from stable isotope analysis. The isotope data come from both humans and animals from ten British middle Iron Age sites, from four locations in East Yorkshire, East Lothian, Hampshire, and Cornwall. These represent the only significant data-set of comparative humans (n = 138) an…
Economic and socio-cultural consequences of changing political rule on human and faunal diets in medieval Valencia (c. fifth-fifteenth century AD) as evidenced by stable isotopes
This paper explores the impact of changing religious political rule on subsistence within a single city through time using stable isotope analysis of human and animal bone collagen. The diet and economy of the medieval city of Valencia (Spain) are examined over a 1000-year period during successive periods of Visigothic, Muslim and Christian rule. Bulk stable isotope analysis of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) was carried out on 67 humans and 47…
Isotopic examination of links between diet, social differentiation, and Dish at the post‐medieval Carmelite Friary of Aalst, Belgium
Stable isotope ratios (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) were measured in human burials from the post‐medieval (16th–18th c. AD) Carmelite friary burial grounds at Aalst, a town in Flanders, Belgium. Dietary patterns of 39 adult individuals were analyzed, from a mixed monastic and lay population buried in three different locations, reflecting groups with differing social status. The data show significant variation in the consumption of perhaps meat, but certain…
Investigation of diachronic dietary patterns on the islands of Ibiza and Formentera, Spain
We present sulfur isotope ratio measurements of bone collagen from animals ( n = 75) and humans ( n = 120) from five sites dating to four chronological periods (Chalcolithic, Punic, Late Antiquity‐Early Byzantine, and Islamic) from the Balearic Islands of Ibiza and Formentera, Spain. This study is a follow up to previously published δ 13 C and δ 15 N values by [Fuller et al.: Am J Phys Anthropol 143 (2010) 512–522] and focuses on using δ 34 S val…
Finding the coastal Mesolithic in southwest Britain
The implications of new evidence are presented for the generally high level of marine diet in the coastal Mesolithic populations of Wales. Within these generally high levels, some variations may point to seasonal movement. These data provide a strong contrast with the mainland terrestrial diet of early Neolithic populations in the same area
Middle Paleolithic and Uluzzian human remains from Fumane Cave, Italy
Reconstructing the diets of Greek Byzantine populations (6th-15th centuries AD) using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios
Documentary evidence and artistic representations have traditionally served as the primary sources of information about Byzantine diet. According to these sources, Byzantine diet was based on grain (primarily wheat and barley), oil, and wine, supplemented with legumes, dairy products, meat, and marine resources. Here, we synthesize and compare the results of stable isotope ratio analyses of eight Greek Byzantine populations (6th-15th centuries AD…
Multi‐isotopic analysis reveals individual mobility and diet at the early iron age monumental tumulus of magdalenenberg, germany
For the Early Iron Age western Hallstatt culture, which includes the site of Magdalenenberg in southwest Germany, it has been proposed that people were mobile and maintained far reaching social and trading networks throughout Europe. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing multiple isotopes (strontium, oxygen, sulfur, carbon, and nitrogen) of the preserved skeletons from the Magdalenenberg elite cemetery to determine diets and to look for evidence…
Isotopic evidence for diet in the Middle Chulmun period
Mesolithic Dietary Heterogeneity on the European Atlantic Coastline
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data from the bone collagen of human remains excavated in the Sado Valley in the Alentejo region of Portugal provide evidence for the existence of two Mesolithic communities living in close proximity along the shores of an estuarine environment with significantly different diets. These findings add to the limited isotope paleodiet data set from this period in southern Europe and offer a valuable contribution to …
Oxygen isotope analysis of human bone phosphate evidences weaning age in archaeological populations
Here we report bone phosphate oxygen (δ 18 O p ) values from perinates/neonates and infants ( n = 32); children (4–12 years; n = 12); unsexed juveniles (16–18 years; n = 2); and adult bones ( n = 17) from Wharram Percy, North Yorkshire, England, in order to explore the potential of this method to investigate patterns of past breastfeeding and weaning. In prior studies, δ 15 N and δ 13 C analyses of bone collagen have been utilized to explore wean…
Dietary evidence from Central Asian Neanderthals
Neanderthals are known primarily from their habitation of Western Eurasia, but they also populated large expanses of Northern Asia for thousands of years. Owing to a sparse archaeological record, relatively little is known about these eastern Neanderthal populations. Unlike in their western range, there are limited zooarchaeological and paleobotanical studies that inform us about the nature of their subsistence. Here, we perform a combined analys…
Maritime adaptations and dietary variation in prehistoric Western Alaska
The reconstruction of diet and subsistence strategies is integral in understanding early human colonizations and cultural adaptations, especially in the Arctic—one of the last areas of North America to be permanently inhabited. However, evidence for early subsistence practices in Western Alaska varies, particularly with regards to the emergence, importance, and intensity of sea mammal hunting. Here, we present stable carbon and nitrogen isotope d…
New Information on the Stone Age Graves at Dragsholm , Denmark
Social status in late medieval and early modern Brittany
International audience
Stable isotope evidence for increasing dietary breadth in the European mid-Upper Paleolithic
New carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values for human remains dating to the mid-Upper Paleolithic in Europe indicate significant amounts of aquatic (fish, mollusks, and/or birds) foods in some of their diets. Most of this evidence points to exploitation of inland freshwater aquatic resources in particular. By contrast, European Neandertal collagen carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values do not indicate significant use of inland aquatic foods …
Dating Women and Becoming Farmers
Finding the coastal Mesolithic in southwest Britain
The implications of new evidence are presented for the generally high level of marine diet in the coastal Mesolithic populations of Wales. Within these generally high levels, some variations may point to seasonal movement. These data provide a strong contrast with the mainland terrestrial diet of early Neolithic populations in the same area
Sharp shift in diet at onset of Neolithic
Mesolithic and Neolithic Subsistence in Denmark
The change in subsistence at the Mesolithic/Neolithic transition in Denmark is often characterized as rapid, with a dramatic shift from a marine diet in the Mesolithic to a terrestrial-based diet in the Neolithic. This view has been largely based on the work of Tauber (1981), who observed this dietary shift in stable carbon isotope values for human bone from various coastal sites. Crucial to Tauber's argument are the radiocarbon dates he obtained…
Bone as a stable isotope archive for local climatic information
Fermented beverages of pre- and proto-historic China
Chemical analyses of ancient organics absorbed into pottery jars from the early Neolithic village of Jiahu in Henan province in China have revealed that a mixed fermented beverage of rice, honey, and fruit (hawthorn fruit and/or grape) was being produced as early as the seventh millennium before Christ (B.C.). This prehistoric drink paved the way for unique cereal beverages of the proto-historic second millennium B.C., remarkably preserved as liq…
Spatial Relationships, Dating and Taphonomy of the Human Bone from the Mesolithic site of Cnoc Coig, Oronsay, Argyll, Scotland
This paper examines the spatial distribution of the human bone sample excavated from the Mesolithic shell midden site of Cnoc Coig on Oronsay in the Inner Hebrides, Scotland. Although no burials were recovered the information from the apparently isolated bone finds has been significant. Two types of bone group are distinguished, one that resembles the widely reported ‘loose bone’ phenomenon that is widely recognised from European Mesolithic sites…
Analyses of Middle Helladic Skeletal Material from Aspis, Argos, 2. Stable Isotope Analysis of Human Remains
This paper presents the results of a carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of human bones from MH Aspis. The aims of the analysis are to reconstruct the diet of the inhabitants of MH Aspis and to investigate dietary variation between population subgroups defined by age/sex and or social status. Seven samples were taken, out of which only four provided enough collagen for the analysis. The isoropic data indicate that the Aspis population had…
Palaeodiets of Humans and Fauna at the Spanish Mesolithic Site of El Collado
The first human stable isotope results from the Spanish Levant, from the Mesolithic (ca. 7500 BP, Mesolithic IIIA phase) site of El Collado (near Oliva, Valencia) provide evidence for the consumption of marine protein by humans, estimated at approximately 25% of the dietary protein for some individuals. Isotopic analysis of human remains from other coastal Mesolithic sites in Europe, particularly along the Atlantic coast, also shows significant c…
Neanderthals in central Asia and Siberia
Stable isotope and DNA evidence for ritual sequences in Inca child sacrifice
Four recently discovered frozen child mummies from two of the highest peaks in the south central Andes now yield tantalizing evidence of the preparatory stages leading to Inca ritual killing as represented by the unique capacocha rite. Our interdisciplinary study examined hair from the mummies to obtain detailed genetic and diachronic isotopic information. This approach has allowed us to reconstruct aspects of individual identity and diet, make i…
British Iron Age Diet
This paper presents the results of new research into British Iron Age diet. Specifically, it summarises the existing evidence and compares this with new evidence obtained from stable isotope analysis. The isotope data come from both humans and animals from ten British middle Iron Age sites, from four locations in East Yorkshire, East Lothian, Hampshire, and Cornwall. These represent the only significant data-set of comparative humans (n = 138) an…
New Information on the Stone Age Graves at Dragsholm , Denmark
Stable isotope evidence for 1500 years of human diet at the city of York, UK
We present here the results of a large‐scale diachronic palaeodietary (carbon and nitrogen isotopic measurements of bone collagen) study of humans and animals from a single site, the city of York (U.K.), dating from the Roman period to the early 19th century. The human sample comprises 313 burials from the cemeteries of Trentholme Drive and Blossom Street (Roman), Belle Vue House (Anglo‐Saxon), Fishergate (High and Later Medieval), and All Saints…
Diet and diversity at later medieval fishergate
We present the results of stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of bone collagen for 155 individuals buried at the Later Medieval (13th to early 16th century AD) Gilbertine priory of St. Andrew, Fishergate in the city of York (UK). The data show significant variation in the consumption of marine foods between males and females as well as between individuals buried in different areas of the priory. Specifically, individuals from the crossing…
Radiocarbon Dating and Dietary Stable Isotope Analysis of Kwaday Dän Ts'inchí
We report here on the results of AMS dating and isotopic analysis of the frozen human remains named Kwaday Dän Ts'inchí and associated materials recovered from a glacier located in Northwest British Columbia, Canada in 1999. The isotopic analysis of bone collagen (bulk and single amino acids) from the individual indicates a strongly marine diet, which was unexpected given the location of this find, more than 100 km inland eroding out of a high el…
Excavation of a beaker cist burial with meadowsweet at Home Farm, Udny Green, Aberdeenshire
This paper summarizes the results of the rescue excavation of a short cist burial of a young male.Pollen and other analyses of residues in and immediately below the accompanying beaker suggestthat it had contained a drink, possibly milk, flavoured with meadowsweet and possibly containinghoney. Pollen analysis also revealed that the cist had been constructed within an open, farmedlandscape, probably not far from a settlement; wheat and perhaps bar…
Iron Age breastfeeding practices in Britain
We present here the results of carbon and nitrogen isotopic analysis of bone collagen undertaken on all skeletal remains of infants and young children below the age of 6 years ( n = 34) from the internationally important British cemetery site at Wetwang Slack in East Yorkshire (middle Iron Age, ca . 4th to 2nd centuries BC). The aim of the study is to investigate infant diet, with particular reference to breastfeeding and weaning practices, and t…
Isotope evidence for the diet of the Neanderthal type specimen
Stable isotopes extracted from two hominins and a range of animals from the original Neanderthal site shows these Middle Palaeolithic people to have been hunters predominately on a meat diet. Comparison with other specimens further south suggests this diet - deer, but no fish or plants - to be something of a behavioural norm, whatever the latitude and plant cover
Stable Isotope Evidence for European Upper Paleolithic Human Diets
Isotopic evidence for the diets of European Neanderthals and early modern humans
We report here on the direct isotopic evidence for Neanderthal and early modern human diets in Europe. Isotopic methods indicate the sources of dietary protein over many years of life, and show that Neanderthals had a similar diet through time (≈120,000 to ≈37,000 cal BP) and in different regions of Europe. The isotopic evidence indicates that in all cases Neanderthals were top-level carnivores and obtained all, or most, of their dietary protein …
Isotope analysis of human and animal diets from the Hanamiai archaeological site (French Polynesia)
We report the first palaeodietary stable isotope study of humans and animals from an East Polynesian archaeological site. The Hanamiai Dune in the Marquesas Islands of French Polynesia has a long stratigraphy (ca. 1025 AD to 1850 AD). We obtained carbon and nitrogen isotope values for a wide range of terrestrial and marine species from different cultural layers. We also analyzed four human teeth representing four different individuals. Pigs, rats…
The evolution of hominin diets
Establishing collagen quality criteria for sulphur isotope analysis of archaeological bone collagen
Sulphur isotope measurements of bone collagen from archaeological sites are beginning to be applied more often, yet there are no clear criteria to assess the quality of the collagen and therefore the validity of the sulphur isotope values. We provide elemental data from different methods (DNA sequences, amino acid sequences and mass spectrometric measurements) which are used to establish a reliable system of quality criteria for sulphur isotope a…
Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (60 works) · Geography (58 works) · Archaeology (55 works) · Biology (51 works) · Isotope Analysis in Ecology (38 works) · Ecology (29 works) · Ecology (28 works) · Isotope analysis (27 works) · Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies (27 works) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (26 works)