Annabelle L Atkin
Biographic Data
| ID | 770567 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Annabelle L Atkin |
| GIVEN NAMES | Annabelle L |
| FAMILY NAME | Atkin |
| SIGNATURE | ATKIN A L |
| AFFILIATIONS | Purdue University West Lafayette |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5900-8723 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 32 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 122 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 32 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2018 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
The Impacts of Multiracial Socialization and School Racial Composition on Multiracial Pride Among Biracial Adolescents
Multiracial adolescents navigate unique experiences within their schools and families that affect their ethnic-racial identity (ERI) development, such as the positive feelings they have toward being Multiracial (i.e., Multiracial pride). Despite the prevalent and growing number of Multiracial youth in the U.S., less attention has been given to their specific Multiracial identity development. The current study aimed to address gaps by examining wh…
Types of ethnic–racial identity belongingness predicting mental health and suicide ideation
The current study examined whether three types of ethnic–racial identity (ERI) belongingness (i.e., minoritized identity belongingness, White identity belongingness, and Multiracial identity belongingness) were associated with anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and suicide ideation among Multiracial adolescents. We also explored race‐gender group differences between Latina‐White females, Latino‐White males, Black‐White females, and Black‐Whit…
Gendered Racial Socialization Scale for Asian American women
Findings indicate that this scale can be used for researchers, clinicians, and families to better understand the gendered racial messages that Asian American women receive while growing up and their impact on psychological well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved)
Validation of the Multiracial Youth Socialization Brief ( MY ‐Soc‐B) Scale with adolescents
The present study validates a brief version of the Multiracial Youth Socialization Scale, the MY-Soc-B, which assesses Multiracial youths' experiences of receiving messages from their caregivers about race and culture. Using a sample of 318 diverse Multiracial American adolescents (M age = 16.01; SD = 1.30), the original 62 items were reduced to 24 items via an examination of confirmatory factor analyses and conceptual clarity and fit of item con…
Individual and Familial Risk and Promotive Factors for Substance Use Among Multiracial American Young Adults
Background: Multiracial American adults have the highest rates of binge drinking and illicit drug use of all racial groups, yet little is known about the risk and promotive factors that contribute to their substance use. Objectives: This study examines how individual factors (i.e., shifting racial expressions, perceived racial ambiguity, creating third space, self-esteem, depression) and family cohesion relate to substance use among 574 Multiraci…
Women’s Microaggressions Scale (WoMenS)
Sexism is pervasive but often manifests as microaggressions against women, which are subtle, covert forms of gender discrimination. Thus, we developed the Women’s Microaggressions Scale (WoMenS) based on an existing theoretical taxonomy and content analysis of social media data. Two separate studies were conducted for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). EFA supported an eight-factor, correlated structure and …
A Mixed Methods Study of Attitudes Toward Affirmative Action, Colorblindness, and White Privilege Among White Women College Students in the US
This study seeks to address the research question: What are U.S. White women college students' attitudes toward race-conscious affirmative action policy in college admissions since the 2023 Supreme Court ruling, and how do they relate to their racial attitudes? We qualitatively examined participants’ reasoning behind their opinions on the consideration of race as a factor in college admissions. In addition, we quantitatively examined the differen…
Family Matters
A common racial stressor for Multiracial people is racial identity invalidation: the experience of having one's racial identity denied by others. This preregistered, exploratory study investigated Biracial people's experiences of identity invalidation within a family setting. We used a sample of 383 Biracial adults (M age = 21.3, SD = 5.8; 72.3% female; 25.8% male; 1.9% transgender/gender non-conforming) to examine the frequency of family racial …
How Collection of Racial Demographics Highlights or Hides Participants' Multiraciality
Ethnic/racial discrimination, school cultural socialization, and negative affect
A qualitative study of Asian American adolescents’ experiences of support during the Covid-19 and racism syndemic
Are Asian Americans Bipoc (Black, Indigenous, and People of Color)? Internalization of the model minority stereotype and Covid-19 racial bias on interracial solidarity toward Black Americans
Asian Americans' perceived BIPOC inclusion and BIPOC self-identification are shaped by their racially triangulated position, characterized by both the inhibiting effect of internalized MMS and the promoting effect of experiences of CVRB. This heightened or diminished BIPOC self-concept subsequently influenced their willingness to engage in interracial solidarity for Black Americans. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved)
Racism, Attachment Styles, and Mental Health among Asian American Adolescents
Theory suggests that a secure base can moderate the effects of racism on mental health outcomes among people of Color (Mikulincer & Shaver, 2022). Thus, the current study tested this hypothesis with a sample of 301 Asian American adolescents who completed a 25-minute online survey. Two hierarchical multiple regression models examined whether secure, anxious, and avoidant attachment with mothers and fathers moderated the link between racism and me…
The relationship between mother and father racial‐ethnic socialization profiles and family cohesion and sociopolitical values among Asian American adolescents
INTRODUCTION: Although research on racial-ethnic socialization with Asian American families examines academic and psychological outcomes, less is known about whether messages from mothers and fathers are related to their adolescent's Asian American sociopolitical values and family cohesion. METHODS: = 16.83; standard deviation = 1.15). RESULTS: Using latent profile analysis, we found that there were three socialization profiles for mothers (integ…
Exploring Multiracial identity, demographics, and the first period identity crisis
Guided by Multiracial critical theory and actor-network theory, this study examines how the United States Census options for ethnicity and race reinforced monocentric norms (the assumption that everyone should fit into a distinct racial-ethnic category) and White Supremacy for Multiracial individuals. Five hundred and thirty-nine Multiracial young adults answered open-ended questions about the 2020 United States Census, including why they chose s…
Investigating How Parental Support Varies Across Racially Diverse Mothers and Fathers in Relation to Emerging Adults’ Multiracial Experiences and Psychological Distress
An exploratory mixed methods study of multiracial Americans’ race choices on the 2020 census
Multiracial emerging adults who seek to objectively report their racial background on the census regardless of how they identify shift racial expressions and report lower self-esteem, and like those who want more options added to the census, they experience more identity challenges but are more racially aware. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
Examining Multiracial Pride, Identity-Based Challenges, and Discrimination
A Retrospective Analysis of Racial Discrimination Experiences for Latinx Adolescents and Young Adults
Encounters with racial discrimination occur from various sources and contexts for Latinx youth. From a historical context, Latinx have long experienced anti-immigrant sentiment and have been treated as perpetual foreigners. This study centers the voices of U.S.-born Latinx youth and explores their experiences of discrimination in 83 in-depth interviews (15-25 years, x ~ age = 21.27, SD = 2.10; 58% Female). Through retrospective accounts, we ident…
Profiles of Racial Socialization Messages from Mothers and Fathers and The Colorblind and Anti-Black Attitudes of Asian American Adolescents
Supporting Children and Youth in Multiracial Families in the United States
Race terminology in the field of psychology
The field of psychology is coming toward a critical juncture; scholars are increasingly recognizing that race, ethnicity, and culture play important roles in their fields of study, but do not always have the language to integrate race and culture into their own work. Furthermore, common conceptions of race may systematically exclude those from multiple racial and ethnic backgrounds in favor of fixed and discrete racial categories that ultimately …
A new measure of Asian American Racial Identity Ideological Values (Aariiv)
Development of a support for Black Lives Matter measure among racially–ethnically diverse college students
This paper developed and validated a new measure of support for the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement among a racially-ethnically diverse sample of college students. The measure focuses on the movement's principles of Black liberation, intersectionality, and alliance building. Participants included 1934 college students (75% female) from a large public Southwestern university. The factor structure was supported by exploratory and confirmatory fac…
The Development and Validation of the Familial Support of Multiracial Experiences Scale
The purpose of this study was to develop a measure of familial support of Multiracial individuals’ unique racial experiences to advance the field’s understanding of how familial processes influence Multiracial development. A sample of 422 Multiracial college students (77.7% female, M age = 20.05) from three different regions of the United States completed the survey. Exploratory factor analysis results suggested a two-factor measure. Multiracial …
What types of racial messages protect Asian American adolescents from discrimination? A latent interaction model
In this brief report, the authors investigate how different types of parental racial-ethnic socialization messages (i.e., cultural socialization/pluralism, promotion of mistrust, and preparation for racial bias) moderate the relationship between racial discrimination and psychological distress in a sample of 187 Asian American adolescents. Results indicated a significant positive relationship between racial discrimination and psychological distre…
Race terminology in the field of psychology
The field of psychology is coming toward a critical juncture; scholars are increasingly recognizing that race, ethnicity, and culture play important roles in their fields of study, but do not always have the language to integrate race and culture into their own work. Furthermore, common conceptions of race may systematically exclude those from multiple racial and ethnic backgrounds in favor of fixed and discrete racial categories that ultimately …
Do we overemphasize the role of culture in the behavior of racial/ethnic minorities? Evidence of a cultural (mis)attribution bias in American psychology
Although culture influences all human beings, there is an assumption in American psychology that culture matters more for members of certain groups. This article identifies and provides evidence of the cultural (mis)attribution bias: a tendency to overemphasize the role of culture in the behavior of racial/ethnic minorities, and to underemphasize it in the behavior of Whites. Two studies investigated the presence of this bias with an examination …
Supporting Children and Youth in Multiracial Families in the United States
Profiles of Racial Socialization Messages from Mothers and Fathers and The Colorblind and Anti-Black Attitudes of Asian American Adolescents
Asian American college students’ support for Black Lives Matter
A Retrospective Analysis of Racial Discrimination Experiences for Latinx Adolescents and Young Adults
Encounters with racial discrimination occur from various sources and contexts for Latinx youth. From a historical context, Latinx have long experienced anti-immigrant sentiment and have been treated as perpetual foreigners. This study centers the voices of U.S.-born Latinx youth and explores their experiences of discrimination in 83 in-depth interviews (15-25 years, x ~ age = 21.27, SD = 2.10; 58% Female). Through retrospective accounts, we ident…
The Development and Validation of the Familial Support of Multiracial Experiences Scale
The purpose of this study was to develop a measure of familial support of Multiracial individuals’ unique racial experiences to advance the field’s understanding of how familial processes influence Multiracial development. A sample of 422 Multiracial college students (77.7% female, M age = 20.05) from three different regions of the United States completed the survey. Exploratory factor analysis results suggested a two-factor measure. Multiracial …
Development of a support for Black Lives Matter measure among racially–ethnically diverse college students
This paper developed and validated a new measure of support for the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement among a racially-ethnically diverse sample of college students. The measure focuses on the movement's principles of Black liberation, intersectionality, and alliance building. Participants included 1934 college students (75% female) from a large public Southwestern university. The factor structure was supported by exploratory and confirmatory fac…
The roles of ethnic identity and metastereotype awareness in the racial discrimination-psychological adjustment link for Asian Americans at predominantly White universities
In summary, Asian American college students who had high levels of both ethnic identity commitment and MSA or low levels on both variables were protected from psychological distress associated with racial discrimination. These findings illuminate the nuanced relationship between racial discrimination, ethnic identity commitment, and MSA in predicting psychological distress outcomes for Asian Americans. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all …
Family Matters
A common racial stressor for Multiracial people is racial identity invalidation: the experience of having one's racial identity denied by others. This preregistered, exploratory study investigated Biracial people's experiences of identity invalidation within a family setting. We used a sample of 383 Biracial adults (M age = 21.3, SD = 5.8; 72.3% female; 25.8% male; 1.9% transgender/gender non-conforming) to examine the frequency of family racial …
Internalization of the model minority myth, school racial composition, and psychological distress among Asian American adolescents
Do we overemphasize the role of culture in the behavior of racial/ethnic minorities? Evidence of a cultural (mis)attribution bias in American psychology
Although culture influences all human beings, there is an assumption in American psychology that culture matters more for members of certain groups. This article identifies and provides evidence of the cultural (mis)attribution bias: a tendency to overemphasize the role of culture in the behavior of racial/ethnic minorities, and to underemphasize it in the behavior of Whites. Two studies investigated the presence of this bias with an examination …
What types of racial messages protect Asian American adolescents from discrimination? A latent interaction model
In this brief report, the authors investigate how different types of parental racial-ethnic socialization messages (i.e., cultural socialization/pluralism, promotion of mistrust, and preparation for racial bias) moderate the relationship between racial discrimination and psychological distress in a sample of 187 Asian American adolescents. Results indicated a significant positive relationship between racial discrimination and psychological distre…
Familial racial-ethnic socialization of Multiracial American Youth
Mom, You Don’t Get It”
Multiracial families are becoming increasingly common in the United States, yet there is a dearth of research examining how parents of Multiracial youth provide support for navigating challenges associated with being mixed race in a monocentric society. The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the parental support strategies that Multiracial emerging adults perceived to be helpful in their own development. Twenty Multiracia…
The roles of ethnic identity and metastereotype awareness in the racial discrimination-psychological adjustment link for Asian Americans at predominantly White universities
In summary, Asian American college students who had high levels of both ethnic identity commitment and MSA or low levels on both variables were protected from psychological distress associated with racial discrimination. These findings illuminate the nuanced relationship between racial discrimination, ethnic identity commitment, and MSA in predicting psychological distress outcomes for Asian Americans. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all …
A new measure of Asian American Racial Identity Ideological Values (Aariiv)
Development of a support for Black Lives Matter measure among racially–ethnically diverse college students
This paper developed and validated a new measure of support for the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement among a racially-ethnically diverse sample of college students. The measure focuses on the movement's principles of Black liberation, intersectionality, and alliance building. Participants included 1934 college students (75% female) from a large public Southwestern university. The factor structure was supported by exploratory and confirmatory fac…
The Development and Validation of the Familial Support of Multiracial Experiences Scale
The purpose of this study was to develop a measure of familial support of Multiracial individuals’ unique racial experiences to advance the field’s understanding of how familial processes influence Multiracial development. A sample of 422 Multiracial college students (77.7% female, M age = 20.05) from three different regions of the United States completed the survey. Exploratory factor analysis results suggested a two-factor measure. Multiracial …
Asian American college students’ support for Black Lives Matter
Examining Multiracial Pride, Identity-Based Challenges, and Discrimination
A Retrospective Analysis of Racial Discrimination Experiences for Latinx Adolescents and Young Adults
Encounters with racial discrimination occur from various sources and contexts for Latinx youth. From a historical context, Latinx have long experienced anti-immigrant sentiment and have been treated as perpetual foreigners. This study centers the voices of U.S.-born Latinx youth and explores their experiences of discrimination in 83 in-depth interviews (15-25 years, x ~ age = 21.27, SD = 2.10; 58% Female). Through retrospective accounts, we ident…
Profiles of Racial Socialization Messages from Mothers and Fathers and The Colorblind and Anti-Black Attitudes of Asian American Adolescents
Supporting Children and Youth in Multiracial Families in the United States
Race terminology in the field of psychology
The field of psychology is coming toward a critical juncture; scholars are increasingly recognizing that race, ethnicity, and culture play important roles in their fields of study, but do not always have the language to integrate race and culture into their own work. Furthermore, common conceptions of race may systematically exclude those from multiple racial and ethnic backgrounds in favor of fixed and discrete racial categories that ultimately …
The relationship between mother and father racial‐ethnic socialization profiles and family cohesion and sociopolitical values among Asian American adolescents
INTRODUCTION: Although research on racial-ethnic socialization with Asian American families examines academic and psychological outcomes, less is known about whether messages from mothers and fathers are related to their adolescent's Asian American sociopolitical values and family cohesion. METHODS: = 16.83; standard deviation = 1.15). RESULTS: Using latent profile analysis, we found that there were three socialization profiles for mothers (integ…
Exploring Multiracial identity, demographics, and the first period identity crisis
Guided by Multiracial critical theory and actor-network theory, this study examines how the United States Census options for ethnicity and race reinforced monocentric norms (the assumption that everyone should fit into a distinct racial-ethnic category) and White Supremacy for Multiracial individuals. Five hundred and thirty-nine Multiracial young adults answered open-ended questions about the 2020 United States Census, including why they chose s…
Investigating How Parental Support Varies Across Racially Diverse Mothers and Fathers in Relation to Emerging Adults’ Multiracial Experiences and Psychological Distress
An exploratory mixed methods study of multiracial Americans’ race choices on the 2020 census
Multiracial emerging adults who seek to objectively report their racial background on the census regardless of how they identify shift racial expressions and report lower self-esteem, and like those who want more options added to the census, they experience more identity challenges but are more racially aware. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
Ethnic/racial discrimination, school cultural socialization, and negative affect
A qualitative study of Asian American adolescents’ experiences of support during the Covid-19 and racism syndemic
Are Asian Americans Bipoc (Black, Indigenous, and People of Color)? Internalization of the model minority stereotype and Covid-19 racial bias on interracial solidarity toward Black Americans
Asian Americans' perceived BIPOC inclusion and BIPOC self-identification are shaped by their racially triangulated position, characterized by both the inhibiting effect of internalized MMS and the promoting effect of experiences of CVRB. This heightened or diminished BIPOC self-concept subsequently influenced their willingness to engage in interracial solidarity for Black Americans. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved)
Racism, Attachment Styles, and Mental Health among Asian American Adolescents
Theory suggests that a secure base can moderate the effects of racism on mental health outcomes among people of Color (Mikulincer & Shaver, 2022). Thus, the current study tested this hypothesis with a sample of 301 Asian American adolescents who completed a 25-minute online survey. Two hierarchical multiple regression models examined whether secure, anxious, and avoidant attachment with mothers and fathers moderated the link between racism and me…
Individual and Familial Risk and Promotive Factors for Substance Use Among Multiracial American Young Adults
Background: Multiracial American adults have the highest rates of binge drinking and illicit drug use of all racial groups, yet little is known about the risk and promotive factors that contribute to their substance use. Objectives: This study examines how individual factors (i.e., shifting racial expressions, perceived racial ambiguity, creating third space, self-esteem, depression) and family cohesion relate to substance use among 574 Multiraci…
Women’s Microaggressions Scale (WoMenS)
Sexism is pervasive but often manifests as microaggressions against women, which are subtle, covert forms of gender discrimination. Thus, we developed the Women’s Microaggressions Scale (WoMenS) based on an existing theoretical taxonomy and content analysis of social media data. Two separate studies were conducted for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). EFA supported an eight-factor, correlated structure and …
Psychology (25 works) · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research (24 works) · Sociology (21 works) · Ethnic group (16 works) · Developmental psychology (14 works) · Social Psychology (14 works) · Social Psychology (13 works) · Gender Studies (12 works) · Racism (12 works) · Gender Studies (11 works)