Noboru Adachi
Biographic Data
| ID | 78731 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Noboru Adachi |
| GIVEN NAMES | Noboru |
| FAMILY NAME | Adachi |
| SIGNATURE | ADACHI N |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Yamanashi |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5314-8047 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 19 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 106 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 19 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2003 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Development of preauricular grooves after childbirth in present-day females
Development of the preauricular groove has long been used as an osteological indicator of pregnancy and childbirth despite inconsistent evidence. To retrospectively evaluate the development of preauricular groove, we measured the preauricular groove volume based on pelvic computed tomography (CT) images before and after childbirth and examined its relationship to obstetric history including gravidity, parity, and the number of miscarriages. Longi…
Verification of the family tree of the Makino family of the Nagaoka domain by DNA analysis
During the Edo period in Japan, the Makino family served for generations as the feudal lords of the Nagaoka domain, which ruled the northern part of the Chuetsu region and the western part of the Kaetsu region in present-day Niigata Prefecture. Two different family histories have been handed down regarding Makino Tadahiro, the 8th lord of the Nagaoka domain. According to official records, Tadahiro was from the Kasama Makino family (relatives of t…
Ancient genomes from the initial Jomon period
Starting 16000 years ago, the Neolithic lifestyle known as the Jomon culture spread across the Japanese archipelago. Although extensively studied by archaeology and physical anthropology, little is known about the genetic characteristics of the Jomon people. Here, we report the entire mitogenome and partial nuclear genome of skeletal remains from the initial Jomon period that were excavated from the Higashimyo shell midden site at Saga City, Kyus…
An integrated study of the human skeletal remains discovered in Escalon Cave, northeastern Mindanao, the Philippines
We examined fragmentary human skeletal remains from Escalon Cave near Surigao City, northeastern Mindanao, the Philippines, with respect to the morphology of bones and teeth, radiocarbon dating, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. These remains contained parts of the left temporal bone, the right humerus, the right femur, the upper right first and second premolars, and the first molar. They are presumed to belong to an early-middle adult ma…
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the human skeletons excavated from the Shomyoji shell midden site, Kanagawa, Japan
Recent studies have revealed that the Jomon people are considerably genetically different from any other population, including modern-day Japanese. This gives rise to an intriguing question: when after the Jomon era did this drastic change of genetic features occur? The Shomyoji shell midden site in Kanagawa, Japan can provide some clues to address this question. The skeletons buried at this site include some that are more recent than the Jomon-e…
Late Jomon male and female genome sequences from the Funadomari site in Hokkaido, Japan
The Funadomari Jomon people were hunter-gatherers living on Rebun Island, Hokkaido, Japan c. 3500–3800 years ago. In this study, we determined the high-depth and low-depth nuclear genome sequences from a Funadomari Jomon female (F23) and male (F5), respectively. We genotyped the \nnuclear DNA of F23 and determined the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class-I genotypes and the phenotypic traits. Moreover, a pathogenic mutation in the CPT1A gene was i…
Genetic characteristics of Yayoi people in Northwestern Kyushu
佐世保市下本山岩陰遺跡から出土した2体の弥生人骨の核ゲノム解析を行った。これらの人骨は,遺跡の地理的な位置と形態学的な研究から縄文人の系統を引く西北九州弥生人集団の一員であると判断されている。しかし,次世代シークエンサを用いたDNA解析の結果,共に縄文系と渡来系弥生人の双方のゲノムを併せ持つことが明らかとなった。これらの人骨の帰属年代は弥生時代の末期にあたる。本研究結果から,この時期には九州の沿岸地域でも,在来集団と渡来した人々との間で混血がかなり進んでいたことが明らかとなった。このことは,これまで固定的に捉えられていた渡来系弥生人と西北九州弥生人の関係を捉え直す必要があることを示している。また本研究によって,古人骨の核ゲノムの解析で得られたデータは,このような混血の状況を捉えるのに有効であることも示された。今後,北部九州の弥生人骨のゲノム解析を進めていけば,日本人の成立のシナリオは更に精緻なものになることが期待される
Ethnic derivation of the Ainu inferred from ancient mitochondrial DNA data
OBJECTIVES: The Ainu, the indigenous people living on the northernmost island of Japan, Hokkaido, have long been a focus of anthropological interest because of their cultural, linguistic, and physical identity. A major problem with genetic studies on the Ainu is that the previously published data stemmed almost exclusively from only 51 modern-day individuals living in Biratori Town, central Hokkaido. To clarify the actual genetic characteristics …
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of human skeletal remains excavated from the Iwashita Cave and Shimo-motoyama rock shelter sites
西北九州地域における縄文早期から弥生時代の集団の変遷を調べる目的で,佐世保市の岩下洞穴と下本山岩陰遺跡から出土した人骨9体のDNA分析を行った。抽出したDNAをもとにAPLP分析と次世代シークエンサによるミトコンドリアDNAの解析を行った結果,下本山岩陰遺跡出土の弥生時代人骨2体のミトコンドリアDNAハプログループと全塩基配列を決定することができた。特に次世代シークエンサによる分析では,ミトコンドリアDNAの全塩基配列をそれぞれ平均深度178.73と61.02で決定し,今回の実験に採用したミトコンドリアDNAをキャプチャしてから解析する方法の有効性が確かめられた。ミトコンドリアDNAの分析ができたのが2体だけだったので,集団の遺伝的な特徴や時間軸に沿った遺伝的な変化を追求することはできなかったが,西北九州型弥生人と呼ばれる形態学的には縄文人の系統を引くといわれる人骨が,縄文人に多いハプログループM7aと渡来系弥生人に多いD4aを持っていることが明らかとなった。これまで九州地方出土の縄文人…
An Okhotsk adult female human skeleton (11th/12th century AD) with possible Sapho syndrome from Hamanaka 2 site, Rebun Island, northern Japan
We present the oldest human skeletal case yet identified with possible SAPHO syndrome (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis), a chronic disease involving the skin, bone, and joints. A human skeleton with a severe pathological condition was recovered from a shell mound of the prehistoric Okhotsk culture at the Hamanaka 2 site, Rebun Island, Hokkaido, Japan in 2013. Morphological and Amelogenin gene analyses determined the sex as fem…
Analyzing the Final Jomon human remains from the Nonomae shellmound, Ofunato City, Iwate Prefecture
岩手県大船渡市野々前貝塚から出土した縄文時代晩期の熟年男性1体(1号),胎児ないし新生児1体(2号),壮年後半から熟年前半の女性1体(3号),熟年女性1体(4号),3歳程度の幼児1体(5号)の計5体について,形態人類学的および理化学的分析を実施した。人骨の年代は放射性炭素年代測定により3150~3000年前(cal BP)と推定された。形態学的検討およびDNA分析の双方から,野々前貝塚人骨が縄文時代人に一般的な形質を有することが明らかとなった。ミトコンドリアDNAのハプログループが判明した3体(1号N9b1,4号N9b*,5号M7a2)に母系の血縁関係は認められなかった。特筆すべき古病理学的所見として,出土成人3体全ての外耳道に明瞭な外耳道骨腫が確認された。これは,野々前貝塚の人々が水中(潜水)ないし水面域での漁撈活動に従事していた可能性を示唆するものである。炭素・窒素同位体比の分析では海産物を多く摂取していた食性が提示されており,外耳道骨腫の多発との関連がうかがわれた。また,出土成人3…
Personal identification of the two molars excavated from the Shitsukari-Abe cave, Aomori, Japan
青森県尻労安部洞窟より出土した2本の遊離歯について,理化学分析に基づいた個人識別をおこなった。これら2本の歯は1つが下顎左第三あるいは第二大臼歯,もう1つが上顎右第二大臼歯と同定され,重複はなかった。これらの試料の炭素・窒素安定同位体比は非常に近似しており,同一人物に由来すると考えて矛盾しない結果であった。また,較正放射性炭素年代はそれぞれ4286–4080 calBP(68.2%)および4280–4080 calBP(68.2%)と測定され,同時代のものと考えて矛盾しなかった。ミトコンドアリアDNA(mtDNA)解析の結果,これらの試料は解析した範囲で塩基配列が一致し,ハプログループは北海道縄文時代人およびアムール川下流域の先住民・ウリチにみられるD4h2と判定された。mtDNA解析の成功を踏まえて,より個人識別能力の高い核DNAのShort Tandem Repeat(STR)解析をおこなったところ,解析した座位の全てで正確な判定が可能であり,その判定結果は完全に一致した。上記の分析…
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the human skeleton of the initial Jomon phase excavated at the Yugura cave site, Nagano, Japan
Obtaining genetic information about early humans is indispensable to our understanding of the demographic history of mankind. In the present study, we performed a detailed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis of a skeleton of the initial Jomon era unearthed from the Yugura cave site in Nagano, Japan, which was dated to 7920–7795 calBP by direct 14C dating. mtDNA of the Yugura skeleton was designated to haplogroup D4b2, which is widely observed in p…
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Hokkaido Jomon skeletons
To clarify the colonizing process of East/Northeast Asia as well as the peopling of the Americas, identifying the genetic characteristics of Paleolithic Siberians is indispensable. However, no genetic information on the Paleolithic Siberians has hitherto been reported. In the present study, we analyzed ancient DNA recovered from Jomon skeletons excavated from the northernmost island of Japan, Hokkaido, which was connected with southern Siberia in…
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Jomon skeletons from the Funadomari site, Hokkaido, and its implication for the origins of Native American
Ancient DNA recovered from 16 Jomon skeletons excavated from Funadomari site, Hokkaido, Japan was analyzed to elucidate the genealogy of the early settlers of the Japanese archipelago. Both the control and coding regions of their mitochondrial DNA were analyzed in detail, and we could securely assign 14 mtDNAs to relevant haplogroups. Haplogroups D1a, M7a, and N9b were observed in these individuals, and N9b was by far the most predominant. The fa…
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of ancient Peruvian highlanders
Ancient DNA recovered from 57 individuals excavated by Hiram Bingham at the rural communities of Paucarcancha, Patallacta, and Huata near the famed Inca royal estate and ritual site of Machu Picchu was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction, and the results were compared with ancient and modern DNA from various Central Andean areas to test their hypothesized indigenous highland origins. The control and coding regions of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDN…
Kinship analysis of the Jomon skeletons unearthed from a double burial at the Usu-Moshiri site, Hokkaido, Japan
Kinship analysis was performed on a Jomon double burial from the Usu-Moshiri site in Hokkaido, Japan, using odontometric data in conjunction with mitochondrial DNA data. Q-mode correlations with respect to tooth crown measurements indicated a low similarity between the two adult female skeletons found from this burial. Moreover, mitochondrial DNA analysis revealed that these individuals were not maternal relatives. Consequently, judging from both…
Phylogenetic analysis of the human ancient mitochondrial DNA
Morphologic and Genetic Evidence for the Kinship of Juvenile Skeletal Specimens from a 2,000 Year-old Double Burial of the Usu-Moshiri Site, Hokkaido, Japan
This paper presents a case study of a double burial at the 2,000 year-old Usu-Moshiri Epi-Jomon site in Hokkaido, Japan, using detailed odontometric analysis in conjunction with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis in order to more precisely assess their kinship. Consanguinity between the two juveniles found in this burial was suggested by the archaeological context as well as by preliminary morphological studies of the skeletons. Mitochondrial DNA…
Morphologic and Genetic Evidence for the Kinship of Juvenile Skeletal Specimens from a 2,000 Year-old Double Burial of the Usu-Moshiri Site, Hokkaido, Japan
This paper presents a case study of a double burial at the 2,000 year-old Usu-Moshiri Epi-Jomon site in Hokkaido, Japan, using detailed odontometric analysis in conjunction with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis in order to more precisely assess their kinship. Consanguinity between the two juveniles found in this burial was suggested by the archaeological context as well as by preliminary morphological studies of the skeletons. Mitochondrial DNA…
Late Jomon male and female genome sequences from the Funadomari site in Hokkaido, Japan
The Funadomari Jomon people were hunter-gatherers living on Rebun Island, Hokkaido, Japan c. 3500–3800 years ago. In this study, we determined the high-depth and low-depth nuclear genome sequences from a Funadomari Jomon female (F23) and male (F5), respectively. We genotyped the \nnuclear DNA of F23 and determined the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class-I genotypes and the phenotypic traits. Moreover, a pathogenic mutation in the CPT1A gene was i…
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Hokkaido Jomon skeletons
To clarify the colonizing process of East/Northeast Asia as well as the peopling of the Americas, identifying the genetic characteristics of Paleolithic Siberians is indispensable. However, no genetic information on the Paleolithic Siberians has hitherto been reported. In the present study, we analyzed ancient DNA recovered from Jomon skeletons excavated from the northernmost island of Japan, Hokkaido, which was connected with southern Siberia in…
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the human skeleton of the initial Jomon phase excavated at the Yugura cave site, Nagano, Japan
Obtaining genetic information about early humans is indispensable to our understanding of the demographic history of mankind. In the present study, we performed a detailed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis of a skeleton of the initial Jomon era unearthed from the Yugura cave site in Nagano, Japan, which was dated to 7920–7795 calBP by direct 14C dating. mtDNA of the Yugura skeleton was designated to haplogroup D4b2, which is widely observed in p…
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of ancient Peruvian highlanders
Ancient DNA recovered from 57 individuals excavated by Hiram Bingham at the rural communities of Paucarcancha, Patallacta, and Huata near the famed Inca royal estate and ritual site of Machu Picchu was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction, and the results were compared with ancient and modern DNA from various Central Andean areas to test their hypothesized indigenous highland origins. The control and coding regions of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDN…
Kinship analysis of the Jomon skeletons unearthed from a double burial at the Usu-Moshiri site, Hokkaido, Japan
Kinship analysis was performed on a Jomon double burial from the Usu-Moshiri site in Hokkaido, Japan, using odontometric data in conjunction with mitochondrial DNA data. Q-mode correlations with respect to tooth crown measurements indicated a low similarity between the two adult female skeletons found from this burial. Moreover, mitochondrial DNA analysis revealed that these individuals were not maternal relatives. Consequently, judging from both…
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Jomon skeletons from the Funadomari site, Hokkaido, and its implication for the origins of Native American
Ancient DNA recovered from 16 Jomon skeletons excavated from Funadomari site, Hokkaido, Japan was analyzed to elucidate the genealogy of the early settlers of the Japanese archipelago. Both the control and coding regions of their mitochondrial DNA were analyzed in detail, and we could securely assign 14 mtDNAs to relevant haplogroups. Haplogroups D1a, M7a, and N9b were observed in these individuals, and N9b was by far the most predominant. The fa…
Phylogenetic analysis of the human ancient mitochondrial DNA
Ancient genomes from the initial Jomon period
Starting 16000 years ago, the Neolithic lifestyle known as the Jomon culture spread across the Japanese archipelago. Although extensively studied by archaeology and physical anthropology, little is known about the genetic characteristics of the Jomon people. Here, we report the entire mitogenome and partial nuclear genome of skeletal remains from the initial Jomon period that were excavated from the Higashimyo shell midden site at Saga City, Kyus…
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the human skeletons excavated from the Shomyoji shell midden site, Kanagawa, Japan
Recent studies have revealed that the Jomon people are considerably genetically different from any other population, including modern-day Japanese. This gives rise to an intriguing question: when after the Jomon era did this drastic change of genetic features occur? The Shomyoji shell midden site in Kanagawa, Japan can provide some clues to address this question. The skeletons buried at this site include some that are more recent than the Jomon-e…
Ethnic derivation of the Ainu inferred from ancient mitochondrial DNA data
OBJECTIVES: The Ainu, the indigenous people living on the northernmost island of Japan, Hokkaido, have long been a focus of anthropological interest because of their cultural, linguistic, and physical identity. A major problem with genetic studies on the Ainu is that the previously published data stemmed almost exclusively from only 51 modern-day individuals living in Biratori Town, central Hokkaido. To clarify the actual genetic characteristics …
An Okhotsk adult female human skeleton (11th/12th century AD) with possible Sapho syndrome from Hamanaka 2 site, Rebun Island, northern Japan
We present the oldest human skeletal case yet identified with possible SAPHO syndrome (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis), a chronic disease involving the skin, bone, and joints. A human skeleton with a severe pathological condition was recovered from a shell mound of the prehistoric Okhotsk culture at the Hamanaka 2 site, Rebun Island, Hokkaido, Japan in 2013. Morphological and Amelogenin gene analyses determined the sex as fem…
Analyzing the Final Jomon human remains from the Nonomae shellmound, Ofunato City, Iwate Prefecture
岩手県大船渡市野々前貝塚から出土した縄文時代晩期の熟年男性1体(1号),胎児ないし新生児1体(2号),壮年後半から熟年前半の女性1体(3号),熟年女性1体(4号),3歳程度の幼児1体(5号)の計5体について,形態人類学的および理化学的分析を実施した。人骨の年代は放射性炭素年代測定により3150~3000年前(cal BP)と推定された。形態学的検討およびDNA分析の双方から,野々前貝塚人骨が縄文時代人に一般的な形質を有することが明らかとなった。ミトコンドリアDNAのハプログループが判明した3体(1号N9b1,4号N9b*,5号M7a2)に母系の血縁関係は認められなかった。特筆すべき古病理学的所見として,出土成人3体全ての外耳道に明瞭な外耳道骨腫が確認された。これは,野々前貝塚の人々が水中(潜水)ないし水面域での漁撈活動に従事していた可能性を示唆するものである。炭素・窒素同位体比の分析では海産物を多く摂取していた食性が提示されており,外耳道骨腫の多発との関連がうかがわれた。また,出土成人3…
Morphologic and Genetic Evidence for the Kinship of Juvenile Skeletal Specimens from a 2,000 Year-old Double Burial of the Usu-Moshiri Site, Hokkaido, Japan
This paper presents a case study of a double burial at the 2,000 year-old Usu-Moshiri Epi-Jomon site in Hokkaido, Japan, using detailed odontometric analysis in conjunction with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis in order to more precisely assess their kinship. Consanguinity between the two juveniles found in this burial was suggested by the archaeological context as well as by preliminary morphological studies of the skeletons. Mitochondrial DNA…
Phylogenetic analysis of the human ancient mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of ancient Peruvian highlanders
Ancient DNA recovered from 57 individuals excavated by Hiram Bingham at the rural communities of Paucarcancha, Patallacta, and Huata near the famed Inca royal estate and ritual site of Machu Picchu was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction, and the results were compared with ancient and modern DNA from various Central Andean areas to test their hypothesized indigenous highland origins. The control and coding regions of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDN…
Kinship analysis of the Jomon skeletons unearthed from a double burial at the Usu-Moshiri site, Hokkaido, Japan
Kinship analysis was performed on a Jomon double burial from the Usu-Moshiri site in Hokkaido, Japan, using odontometric data in conjunction with mitochondrial DNA data. Q-mode correlations with respect to tooth crown measurements indicated a low similarity between the two adult female skeletons found from this burial. Moreover, mitochondrial DNA analysis revealed that these individuals were not maternal relatives. Consequently, judging from both…
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Jomon skeletons from the Funadomari site, Hokkaido, and its implication for the origins of Native American
Ancient DNA recovered from 16 Jomon skeletons excavated from Funadomari site, Hokkaido, Japan was analyzed to elucidate the genealogy of the early settlers of the Japanese archipelago. Both the control and coding regions of their mitochondrial DNA were analyzed in detail, and we could securely assign 14 mtDNAs to relevant haplogroups. Haplogroups D1a, M7a, and N9b were observed in these individuals, and N9b was by far the most predominant. The fa…
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Hokkaido Jomon skeletons
To clarify the colonizing process of East/Northeast Asia as well as the peopling of the Americas, identifying the genetic characteristics of Paleolithic Siberians is indispensable. However, no genetic information on the Paleolithic Siberians has hitherto been reported. In the present study, we analyzed ancient DNA recovered from Jomon skeletons excavated from the northernmost island of Japan, Hokkaido, which was connected with southern Siberia in…
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the human skeleton of the initial Jomon phase excavated at the Yugura cave site, Nagano, Japan
Obtaining genetic information about early humans is indispensable to our understanding of the demographic history of mankind. In the present study, we performed a detailed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis of a skeleton of the initial Jomon era unearthed from the Yugura cave site in Nagano, Japan, which was dated to 7920–7795 calBP by direct 14C dating. mtDNA of the Yugura skeleton was designated to haplogroup D4b2, which is widely observed in p…
Personal identification of the two molars excavated from the Shitsukari-Abe cave, Aomori, Japan
青森県尻労安部洞窟より出土した2本の遊離歯について,理化学分析に基づいた個人識別をおこなった。これら2本の歯は1つが下顎左第三あるいは第二大臼歯,もう1つが上顎右第二大臼歯と同定され,重複はなかった。これらの試料の炭素・窒素安定同位体比は非常に近似しており,同一人物に由来すると考えて矛盾しない結果であった。また,較正放射性炭素年代はそれぞれ4286–4080 calBP(68.2%)および4280–4080 calBP(68.2%)と測定され,同時代のものと考えて矛盾しなかった。ミトコンドアリアDNA(mtDNA)解析の結果,これらの試料は解析した範囲で塩基配列が一致し,ハプログループは北海道縄文時代人およびアムール川下流域の先住民・ウリチにみられるD4h2と判定された。mtDNA解析の成功を踏まえて,より個人識別能力の高い核DNAのShort Tandem Repeat(STR)解析をおこなったところ,解析した座位の全てで正確な判定が可能であり,その判定結果は完全に一致した。上記の分析…
An Okhotsk adult female human skeleton (11th/12th century AD) with possible Sapho syndrome from Hamanaka 2 site, Rebun Island, northern Japan
We present the oldest human skeletal case yet identified with possible SAPHO syndrome (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis), a chronic disease involving the skin, bone, and joints. A human skeleton with a severe pathological condition was recovered from a shell mound of the prehistoric Okhotsk culture at the Hamanaka 2 site, Rebun Island, Hokkaido, Japan in 2013. Morphological and Amelogenin gene analyses determined the sex as fem…
Analyzing the Final Jomon human remains from the Nonomae shellmound, Ofunato City, Iwate Prefecture
岩手県大船渡市野々前貝塚から出土した縄文時代晩期の熟年男性1体(1号),胎児ないし新生児1体(2号),壮年後半から熟年前半の女性1体(3号),熟年女性1体(4号),3歳程度の幼児1体(5号)の計5体について,形態人類学的および理化学的分析を実施した。人骨の年代は放射性炭素年代測定により3150~3000年前(cal BP)と推定された。形態学的検討およびDNA分析の双方から,野々前貝塚人骨が縄文時代人に一般的な形質を有することが明らかとなった。ミトコンドリアDNAのハプログループが判明した3体(1号N9b1,4号N9b*,5号M7a2)に母系の血縁関係は認められなかった。特筆すべき古病理学的所見として,出土成人3体全ての外耳道に明瞭な外耳道骨腫が確認された。これは,野々前貝塚の人々が水中(潜水)ないし水面域での漁撈活動に従事していた可能性を示唆するものである。炭素・窒素同位体比の分析では海産物を多く摂取していた食性が提示されており,外耳道骨腫の多発との関連がうかがわれた。また,出土成人3…
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of human skeletal remains excavated from the Iwashita Cave and Shimo-motoyama rock shelter sites
西北九州地域における縄文早期から弥生時代の集団の変遷を調べる目的で,佐世保市の岩下洞穴と下本山岩陰遺跡から出土した人骨9体のDNA分析を行った。抽出したDNAをもとにAPLP分析と次世代シークエンサによるミトコンドリアDNAの解析を行った結果,下本山岩陰遺跡出土の弥生時代人骨2体のミトコンドリアDNAハプログループと全塩基配列を決定することができた。特に次世代シークエンサによる分析では,ミトコンドリアDNAの全塩基配列をそれぞれ平均深度178.73と61.02で決定し,今回の実験に採用したミトコンドリアDNAをキャプチャしてから解析する方法の有効性が確かめられた。ミトコンドリアDNAの分析ができたのが2体だけだったので,集団の遺伝的な特徴や時間軸に沿った遺伝的な変化を追求することはできなかったが,西北九州型弥生人と呼ばれる形態学的には縄文人の系統を引くといわれる人骨が,縄文人に多いハプログループM7aと渡来系弥生人に多いD4aを持っていることが明らかとなった。これまで九州地方出土の縄文人…
Ethnic derivation of the Ainu inferred from ancient mitochondrial DNA data
OBJECTIVES: The Ainu, the indigenous people living on the northernmost island of Japan, Hokkaido, have long been a focus of anthropological interest because of their cultural, linguistic, and physical identity. A major problem with genetic studies on the Ainu is that the previously published data stemmed almost exclusively from only 51 modern-day individuals living in Biratori Town, central Hokkaido. To clarify the actual genetic characteristics …
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the human skeletons excavated from the Shomyoji shell midden site, Kanagawa, Japan
Recent studies have revealed that the Jomon people are considerably genetically different from any other population, including modern-day Japanese. This gives rise to an intriguing question: when after the Jomon era did this drastic change of genetic features occur? The Shomyoji shell midden site in Kanagawa, Japan can provide some clues to address this question. The skeletons buried at this site include some that are more recent than the Jomon-e…
Late Jomon male and female genome sequences from the Funadomari site in Hokkaido, Japan
The Funadomari Jomon people were hunter-gatherers living on Rebun Island, Hokkaido, Japan c. 3500–3800 years ago. In this study, we determined the high-depth and low-depth nuclear genome sequences from a Funadomari Jomon female (F23) and male (F5), respectively. We genotyped the \nnuclear DNA of F23 and determined the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class-I genotypes and the phenotypic traits. Moreover, a pathogenic mutation in the CPT1A gene was i…
Genetic characteristics of Yayoi people in Northwestern Kyushu
佐世保市下本山岩陰遺跡から出土した2体の弥生人骨の核ゲノム解析を行った。これらの人骨は,遺跡の地理的な位置と形態学的な研究から縄文人の系統を引く西北九州弥生人集団の一員であると判断されている。しかし,次世代シークエンサを用いたDNA解析の結果,共に縄文系と渡来系弥生人の双方のゲノムを併せ持つことが明らかとなった。これらの人骨の帰属年代は弥生時代の末期にあたる。本研究結果から,この時期には九州の沿岸地域でも,在来集団と渡来した人々との間で混血がかなり進んでいたことが明らかとなった。このことは,これまで固定的に捉えられていた渡来系弥生人と西北九州弥生人の関係を捉え直す必要があることを示している。また本研究によって,古人骨の核ゲノムの解析で得られたデータは,このような混血の状況を捉えるのに有効であることも示された。今後,北部九州の弥生人骨のゲノム解析を進めていけば,日本人の成立のシナリオは更に精緻なものになることが期待される
An integrated study of the human skeletal remains discovered in Escalon Cave, northeastern Mindanao, the Philippines
We examined fragmentary human skeletal remains from Escalon Cave near Surigao City, northeastern Mindanao, the Philippines, with respect to the morphology of bones and teeth, radiocarbon dating, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. These remains contained parts of the left temporal bone, the right humerus, the right femur, the upper right first and second premolars, and the first molar. They are presumed to belong to an early-middle adult ma…
Ancient genomes from the initial Jomon period
Starting 16000 years ago, the Neolithic lifestyle known as the Jomon culture spread across the Japanese archipelago. Although extensively studied by archaeology and physical anthropology, little is known about the genetic characteristics of the Jomon people. Here, we report the entire mitogenome and partial nuclear genome of skeletal remains from the initial Jomon period that were excavated from the Higashimyo shell midden site at Saga City, Kyus…
Verification of the family tree of the Makino family of the Nagaoka domain by DNA analysis
During the Edo period in Japan, the Makino family served for generations as the feudal lords of the Nagaoka domain, which ruled the northern part of the Chuetsu region and the western part of the Kaetsu region in present-day Niigata Prefecture. Two different family histories have been handed down regarding Makino Tadahiro, the 8th lord of the Nagaoka domain. According to official records, Tadahiro was from the Kasama Makino family (relatives of t…
Development of preauricular grooves after childbirth in present-day females
Development of the preauricular groove has long been used as an osteological indicator of pregnancy and childbirth despite inconsistent evidence. To retrospectively evaluate the development of preauricular groove, we measured the preauricular groove volume based on pelvic computed tomography (CT) images before and after childbirth and examined its relationship to obstetric history including gravidity, parity, and the number of miscarriages. Longi…
Forensic and Genetic Research (16 works) · Biology (15 works) · Geography (15 works) · Archaeology (13 works) · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (13 works) · Genetics (13 works) · Mitochondrial DNA (12 works) · Demography (11 works) · Ancient DNA (9 works) · Evolutionary biology (9 works)