Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Junmei Sawada

Biographic Data

ID78732
NAMEJunmei Sawada
GIVEN NAMESJunmei
FAMILY NAMESawada
SIGNATURESAWADA J
AFFILIATIONSSt. Marianna University School of Medicine
ORCID0000-0001-8071-8159
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS27
TOTAL CITATIONS143
AUTHOR COUNT27
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR2004
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2019
H-INDEX7
  • Heian-period human skeletal remains from the Shomyoji shell midden in Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture

    Open Access•Yasuo Hagihara, Tomoki Ohtani et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2019•Cited by: 1•References: 4

    The excavation of the Shomyoji shell midden in 2017 recovered more than 26 human skeletal remains belonging to the Jomon, Kofun, and Heian periods. In this paper, we describe one Heianperiod (AD 794–1185) individual (SK1), who was dated to 957–900 calBP by radiocarbon dating. SK1 is well preserved, presumably a male, and aged approximately 20–35 years. The morphology of the cranium and teeth are not similar to that seen in the Kanto Jomon and Kam…

  • Late Pleistocene hares of the Japanese archipelago

    Open Access•Ryohei Sawaura, Junmei Sawada et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal of…•2018•References: 6

    The Tsugaru Strait is often referred to as Blakiston's Line in biogeography. Although this strait is thought to have become narrower during the Last Glacial Maximum, it did not close completely to form a land bridge. Sea‐level drawdown associated with cooling nevertheless weakened the influence of the Tsugaru Strait as a barrier to faunal migration. The currently accepted hypothesis is that only some large and highly mobile ungulates were able to…

  • Analyzing the Final Jomon human remains from the Nonomae shellmound, Ofunato City, Iwate Prefecture

    Open Access•Fumiko Saeki, Noboru Adachi et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2016•Cited by: 1•References: 32

    岩手県大船渡市野々前貝塚から出土した縄文時代晩期の熟年男性1体(1号),胎児ないし新生児1体(2号),壮年後半から熟年前半の女性1体(3号),熟年女性1体(4号),3歳程度の幼児1体(5号)の計5体について,形態人類学的および理化学的分析を実施した。人骨の年代は放射性炭素年代測定により3150~3000年前(cal BP)と推定された。形態学的検討およびDNA分析の双方から,野々前貝塚人骨が縄文時代人に一般的な形質を有することが明らかとなった。ミトコンドリアDNAのハプログループが判明した3体(1号N9b1,4号N9b*,5号M7a2)に母系の血縁関係は認められなかった。特筆すべき古病理学的所見として,出土成人3体全ての外耳道に明瞭な外耳道骨腫が確認された。これは,野々前貝塚の人々が水中(潜水)ないし水面域での漁撈活動に従事していた可能性を示唆するものである。炭素・窒素同位体比の分析では海産物を多く摂取していた食性が提示されており,外耳道骨腫の多発との関連がうかがわれた。また,出土成人3…

  • Infant feeding practice in medieval J apan

    Open Access•T Tsutaya, Akina Shimomi et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Physical…•2015•Cited by: 4•References: 72

    A longer breastfeeding duration provides various positive effects in subadult health because of abundant immunological factors and nutrients in human breast milk, and decreases the natural fertility of a population through lactational amenorrhea. In this study, we measured stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in the bone collagen of three adults and 45 subadults from the Yuigahama‐minami site (from 12th to 14th century) in Kamakura, the earl…

  • Radiocarbon dating of one human and two dog burials from the Kamikuroiwa rock shelter site, Ehime Prefecture

    Open Access•Takashi Gakuhari, Hajime Komiya et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2015•Cited by: 7•References: 1

    Two complete dog skeletons were recovered during archeological excavations from 1961 to 1970 at the Kamikuroiwa rock shelter, a site that yielded a series of cultural entities from the Late Pleistocene, Incipient Jomon, and Early Jomon periods. Since two dogs were buried close to human skeletons, it was thought that these dogs had been buried by Jomon people, and hence provided the oldest direct evidence of Canis domestication in Japan. However, …

  • Morphological characteristics of buried dog remains excavated from the Kamikuroiwa Rock Shelter site, Ehime Prefecture, Japan

    Open Access•Hajime Komiya, Junmei Sawada et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2015•Cited by: 4•References: 2

    In 1962, two sets of dog remains were excavated at the Kamikuroiwa Rock Shelter site in Ehime Prefecture. 14C age dates of the dog remains correspond to a time period from the end of the Initial Jomon period to the beginning of the Early Jomon period: this indicates that they are the oldest buried dog remains discovered to date in the Japanese archipelago. Both sets of remains represented adult dogs and showed complete permanent dentition. The in…

  • Histomorphological species identification of tiny bone fragments from a Paleolithic site in the Northern Japanese Archipelago

    Open Access•Junmei Sawada, Takashi Nara et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Archaeological Science•2014•Cited by: 6•References: 10

    Bone histomorphology is an effective method for species identification of fragmentary osseous remains. The 1997–1998 excavations of the Kashiwadai 1 Upper Paleolithic site (ca. 22–20.5 kyBP) in Hokkaido (the northern island of the Japanese Archipelago) yielded tiny bone fragments, which had been burned to white and broken into pieces less than 1 cm in size, making their species identification by gross morphology alone impossible. For the purpose …

  • Stable isotopic reconstructions of adult diets and infant feeding practices during urbanization of the city of Edo in 17th century Japan

    Open Access•T Tsutaya, Tomohito Nagaoka et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Physical…•2014•Cited by: 9•References: 64

    The urbanization of the city of Edo, the capital of premodern Japan, has been assumed to be not as a result of natural increase but that of in‐migration although this assumption has never been verified. To obtain information on natural fertility in Edo, we analyzed stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in 46 adult and 84 subadult human skeletons excavated from the Hitotsubashi site (1657–1683 AD: the early Edo period), Tokyo, Japan and reconstructe…

  • Isotopic evidence of dietary variability in subadults at the Usu-moshiri site of the Epi-Jomon culture, Japan

    Open Access•T Tsutaya, Junmei Sawada et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Archaeological Science•2013•Cited by: 6•References: 10

  • The Ainu and their neighbors as seen from the perspective of nonmetric cranial trait variation

    Open Access•Yukio Dodo, Yoshinori Kawakubo et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2013•Cited by: 1•References: 23

    頭蓋形態小変異9項目を指標にして,北海道集団(縄文/続縄文人・アイヌ・オホーツク人)とサハリンアイヌ・アムール川下流域集団・バイカル新石器時代人といった北東アジア集団との親疎関係を求め,それにもとづいてアイヌの成立史を論じた。頭蓋形態小変異にもとづいた各集団の親疎関係の当否は,18項目の頭蓋計測値による分析からも確かめてみた。頭蓋形態小変異による分析でも,その結果を確認するために行った頭蓋計測値による分析でも,比較6集団のなかで,北海道縄文・続縄文人に最も近い距離にあるのは北海道アイヌで,北海道縄文・続縄文人が近世北海道アイヌの母体になった集団であるという従来の言説を追認した。頭蓋形態小変異にもとづく距離分析では,比較6集団のなかで,北海道アイヌに最も近いのはオホーツク人で,頭蓋計測値による判別分析でも,オホーツク人の約3割が北海道アイヌに判別された。これらの所見から,北海道アイヌの祖先集団とオホーツク人は,これまで想定されていた以上に,活発な文化的・遺伝的交流を行っていたのではないか,…

  • Demographic and pathological characteristics of the medieval Japanese

    Open Access•Tomohito Nagaoka, Junmei Sawada et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2013•Cited by: 10•References: 12

    The purposes of this study are to conduct paleodemographic and paleopathological analyses of medieval human skeletons from Japan and to clarify their life and death situations. The materials used here were individuals from the Yuigahama-chusei-shudan-bochi site (Seika-ichiba location) (i.e. YCSB-SI), located along the Yuigahama seashore of the southern end of Kamakura City. Several new findings regarding the life and death situations of YCSB-SI w…

  • Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the human skeleton of the initial Jomon phase excavated at the Yugura cave site, Nagano, Japan

    Open Access•Noboru Adachi, Junmei Sawada et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2013•Cited by: 12•References: 2

    Obtaining genetic information about early humans is indispensable to our understanding of the demographic history of mankind. In the present study, we performed a detailed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis of a skeleton of the initial Jomon era unearthed from the Yugura cave site in Nagano, Japan, which was dated to 7920–7795 calBP by direct 14C dating. mtDNA of the Yugura skeleton was designated to haplogroup D4b2, which is widely observed in p…

  • Tubular anomalous bones found in both thighs of a long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis)

    Open Access•Yuzuru Hamada, Junmei Sawada et al.•ARTICLE•Primates•2012

  • The Ainu and their neighbors as seen from the perspective of nonmetric cranial trait variation

    Open Access•Yukio Dodo, Yoshinori Kawakubo et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2012•Cited by: 1•References: 30

    北海道アイヌの成立には,オホーツク人の遺伝的影響がかなり強く及んでいたという近年の研究成果に鑑みて,視野の中心を北海道に据えて,東アジアと北東アジアにおける北海道アイヌの人類学的位置を,頭蓋の形態小変異を指標にして,概観してみた。使用した形態小変異は観察者間誤差の少ない9項目で,日本列島の10集団とサハリンおよび大陸北東アジアの3集団を対象に分析を行った。集団間の親疎関係の推定にはスミスの距離(MMD)を用い,棒グラフとMMDマトリックスの主座標分析で集団間の相互関係を図示した。オホーツク人は北海道アイヌとサハリン・アムール・バイカルといった北東アジア集団のほぼ中間に位置したが,北海道アイヌとの形態距離はかなり近く,北海道や本州の縄文人と同程度であった。これに対して,大陸東アジアにその原郷が求められる弥生系集団は,北海道アイヌから遠く離れていた。9項目による分析結果が妥当なものであったかどうかを検証し,さらに,北海道の続縄文人の形態学的な位置づけを明らかにするために,著者のひとりが独自に…

  • The Ainu and their neighbors as seen from the perspective of nonmetric cranial trait variation

    Open Access•Yukio Dodo, Yoshinori Kawakubo et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2012•Cited by: 1•References: 19

    北海道の南西部,中央部,および北東部のアイヌにサハリンアイヌを加えたアイヌ4地域集団を対象にして,日本本土と琉球諸島諸集団の地域差と比較しながら,アイヌの地域差とはいったいどの程度のものであったのかを,頭蓋形態小変異20項目を指標にして評価してみた。地域差の大小関係は,スミスの距離(MMD)を尺度として比較した。北海道アイヌ3集団の地域差の程度は,奄美・沖縄・先島の琉球諸島近世人3集団の地域差よりはやや大きく,東北・関東・九州の日本本土の現代人3集団の地域差とほぼ同程度であった。北海道アイヌのなかでは,道北東部アイヌが道南西部および道中央部のアイヌとやや距離を置く傾向が観察された。サハリンアイヌは北海道アイヌから相当程度遠く離れ,その距離(MMD)の平均値は,北海道アイヌ3地域集団相互の距離の平均値の約4倍にも達した。このような関係は,18項目の頭蓋計測値にもとづいたマハラノビスの距離(D2)でも確かめられた

  • Faunal Remains at Man Bac

    Junmei Sawada, Nguyen Kim Thuy et al.•CHAPTER•Man Bac•2011

    This chapter describes the zooarchaeological findings from an analysis of the mammalian remains from Man Bac. Several hundred vertebrate remains were recovered during the excavations of Man Bac between 2005 and 2007. Mammalian and fish bones formed the main component of the recovered vertebrate assemblage. These animal bones provide primary information for an understanding of the subsistence behaviours of the Man Bac community during the neolithi…

  • Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Hokkaido Jomon skeletons

    Open Access•Noboru Adachi, Ken‐ichi Shinoda et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Physical…•2011•Cited by: 13•References: 49

    To clarify the colonizing process of East/Northeast Asia as well as the peopling of the Americas, identifying the genetic characteristics of Paleolithic Siberians is indispensable. However, no genetic information on the Paleolithic Siberians has hitherto been reported. In the present study, we analyzed ancient DNA recovered from Jomon skeletons excavated from the northernmost island of Japan, Hokkaido, which was connected with southern Siberia in…

  • Supraorbital foramen and hypoglossal canal bridging revisited

    Open Access•Yukio Dodo, Junmei Sawada•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2010•Cited by: 6•References: 1

    The frequency distribution of supraorbital foramen (SOF) and hypoglossal canal bridging (HGCB) is investigated using the data of 71 cranial samples from various regions of the world. These two traits are confirmed to be effective in distinguishing between major human populations in the world. The unique incidence pattern of a low frequency of SOF and a high frequency of HGCB places the Jomon/Ainu in Japan in an outlying position in regard to majo…

  • Histomorphological Discrimination between Human and Nonhuman Bones of Fragmentary Osteal Remains

    Open Access•Junmei Sawada, Takashi Nara et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2010•References: 23

    骨の組織形態学的検討は,動物種の同定に有効な方法である。青森県朝日山(2)遺跡から平安時代の焼骨片が出土したが,小片のため肉眼形態観察では種の同定が困難であった。そこでヒトかそれ以外の動物なのか鑑別することを目的として,出土四肢骨骨幹部片4点を薄切し,骨組織形態の観察と計測的検討を行なった。比較資料として,ヒト・クマ・ウマ・イノシシ・ニホンジカ・カモシカ・ウシの四肢長骨を用いた。比較資料の骨組織形態計測の結果,ヒトのハバース管の面積(H.Ar)とオステオンの面積に対するハバース管の面積の比(H-On示数)は他の動物より有意に大きい傾向があり,人獣鑑別の指標として優れていた。朝日山(2)遺跡出土焼骨について,焼成による収縮の影響を考慮しながら検討した結果,出土骨試料4点のうち3点は人骨とみなしてさしつかえないと考えられた。残る1点はヒトあるいはウマの可能性があるが,どちらかといえばヒトに近いと考えられた。出土焼骨は火葬された人骨と推察され,平安時代の青森地方に火葬習俗が存在した可能性が示唆…

  • In Search for Ainu's Signs in the Tohoku Region, Japan

    Open Access•Yoshinori Kawakubo, Junmei Sawada et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2009•Cited by: 2•References: 15

    南東北(宮城・福島・山形)由来の古墳時代人・古代人と北東北(青森・岩手・秋田)由来の江戸時代人の頭蓋について,計測的分析と形態小変異の分析を行い,これら東北地方の古人骨に,縄文人やアイヌの形態的特徴が,どの程度遺残しているかを調べた。比較資料として,東日本縄文人,北海道アイヌ,関東の古墳時代人と江戸時代人,それに北部九州の古墳時代人と江戸時代人の頭蓋を用いた。計測的分析では,顔面平坦度計測を含めた18項目の頭蓋計測値を用い,マハラノビスの距離(D2)にもとづいた分析と線形判別分析を試みた。頭蓋形態小変異については,観察者間誤差が少なく,日本列島集団の類別に有効であることが知られている6項目に絞って,スミスの距離(MMD)にもとづく分析を行った。D2でもMMDでも,縄文人に最も近いのは北海道アイヌであったが,東北地方の古墳時代人(計測的分析では古代人も含む)がこれに次いでおり,古墳時代でも江戸時代でも,九州→関東→東北→北海道アイヌまたは東日本縄文人という,明瞭な地理的勾配が観察された。同…

  • Did the Jomon people have a short lifespan? Evidence from the adult age-at-death estimation based on the auricular surface of the ilium

    Open Access•Tomohito Nagaoka, Junmei Sawada et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2008•Cited by: 13•References: 3

    The demography of the Jomon people was first systematically investigated by Kobayashi ([1967] Journal of the Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo, Section V, 3: 107–162). His life-table analysis indicated that Jomon life expectancy at the age of 15 was only 16 years. However, recent advances in palaeodemography have questioned whether the reconstruction of demographic parameters from skeletons actually reflects the real mortality patterns …

  • Severe developmental defects of enamel in a human skeleton of the Final Jomon age from the Nakazawahama shell-mound, Iwate, Japan

    Open Access•Junmei Sawada, Toshihiko Suzuki et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2008•Cited by: 7•References: 2

    In an adult human skeleton of the Final Jomon age excavated at the Nakazawahama shell-mound in Iwate Prefecture, northeastern Japan, grooved enamel defects (about 2 mm in width) were observed circumferentially around the dental crowns of the upper left central incisor, upper right lateral incisor, and upper right canine. Observations of the crown surface using a stereomicroscope and evaluations of soft X-ray images revealed severe developmental d…

  • Terminal Pleistocene human skeleton from Hang Cho Cave, northern Vietnam

    Open Access•H Matsumura, Minoru Yoneda et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2008•Cited by: 24•References: 8

    An excavation at the cave site of Hang Cho in northern Vietnam resulted in the discovery of a terminal Pleistocene human skeleton in a relatively good state of preservation. The material culture from this site belongs to the pre-ceramic Hoabinhian period. An AMS radiocarbon date on a tooth sample extracted from this individual gives a calibrated age of 10450 ± 300 years BP. In discussions of the population history of Southeast Asia, it has been r…

  • Sex determination using mastoid process measurements

    Open Access•Tomohito Nagaoka, Akio Shizushima et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2008•Cited by: 5•References: 2

    The purpose of this study was to develop new standards for determining the sex of fragmentary human skeletal remains. We measured height, width, and length of the mastoid process in medieval to early modern Japanese skeletons, from the Yuigahama-minami and Hitotsubashi sites, in order to provide a metric standard for the diagnosis of sex using the mastoid process. We calculated discriminant functions based on these measurements; the accuracy of s…

  • Morphological Variation of Crania of the Medieval Period Japanese

    Open Access•Tomohito Nagaoka, Akio Shizushima et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2006•References: 18

    本研究の目的は,近年資料の蓄積が著しい関東地方の中世人頭蓋の計測を行い,そのデータと文献から収集した頭蓋計測値に基づき関東地方の中世人頭蓋の地域内変異を明らかにすることが第一点である。第二点目は,関東地方と北部九州・山口地方の中世人との比較から中世人頭蓋の地域間変異を考察することである。今回,計測した資料は,鎌倉~室町時代前期の鎌倉市由比ヶ浜南遺跡(単体埋葬墓),中世集団墓地遺跡(No. 372),極楽寺遺跡,室町時代後期の東京都鍛冶橋遺跡,丸の内遺跡から出土した成人男性頭蓋である。文献データとしては,鎌倉~室町時代前期の鎌倉市の由比ヶ浜南遺跡(集積埋葬墓),材木座遺跡,室町時代の北部九州・山口地方の吉母浜遺跡から出土した成人男性頭蓋の計測値を引用した。関東地方の中世人頭蓋は長頭・低顔・歯槽性突顎の傾向が強く,その特徴は他の時代には認められないほど顕著であることが分かった。特に,極楽寺遺跡,材木座遺跡出土の中世人でその特徴が著しかった。関東地方の中世人の頭蓋形態は時期とともに変化し,中世…

Next
  • Terminal Pleistocene human skeleton from Hang Cho Cave, northern Vietnam

    Open Access•H Matsumura, Minoru Yoneda et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2008•Cited by: 24•References: 8

    An excavation at the cave site of Hang Cho in northern Vietnam resulted in the discovery of a terminal Pleistocene human skeleton in a relatively good state of preservation. The material culture from this site belongs to the pre-ceramic Hoabinhian period. An AMS radiocarbon date on a tooth sample extracted from this individual gives a calibrated age of 10450 ± 300 years BP. In discussions of the population history of Southeast Asia, it has been r…

  • Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Hokkaido Jomon skeletons

    Open Access•Noboru Adachi, Ken‐ichi Shinoda et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Physical…•2011•Cited by: 13•References: 49

    To clarify the colonizing process of East/Northeast Asia as well as the peopling of the Americas, identifying the genetic characteristics of Paleolithic Siberians is indispensable. However, no genetic information on the Paleolithic Siberians has hitherto been reported. In the present study, we analyzed ancient DNA recovered from Jomon skeletons excavated from the northernmost island of Japan, Hokkaido, which was connected with southern Siberia in…

  • Did the Jomon people have a short lifespan? Evidence from the adult age-at-death estimation based on the auricular surface of the ilium

    Open Access•Tomohito Nagaoka, Junmei Sawada et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2008•Cited by: 13•References: 3

    The demography of the Jomon people was first systematically investigated by Kobayashi ([1967] Journal of the Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo, Section V, 3: 107–162). His life-table analysis indicated that Jomon life expectancy at the age of 15 was only 16 years. However, recent advances in palaeodemography have questioned whether the reconstruction of demographic parameters from skeletons actually reflects the real mortality patterns …

  • Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the human skeleton of the initial Jomon phase excavated at the Yugura cave site, Nagano, Japan

    Open Access•Noboru Adachi, Junmei Sawada et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2013•Cited by: 12•References: 2

    Obtaining genetic information about early humans is indispensable to our understanding of the demographic history of mankind. In the present study, we performed a detailed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis of a skeleton of the initial Jomon era unearthed from the Yugura cave site in Nagano, Japan, which was dated to 7920–7795 calBP by direct 14C dating. mtDNA of the Yugura skeleton was designated to haplogroup D4b2, which is widely observed in p…

  • Demographic and pathological characteristics of the medieval Japanese

    Open Access•Tomohito Nagaoka, Junmei Sawada et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2013•Cited by: 10•References: 12

    The purposes of this study are to conduct paleodemographic and paleopathological analyses of medieval human skeletons from Japan and to clarify their life and death situations. The materials used here were individuals from the Yuigahama-chusei-shudan-bochi site (Seika-ichiba location) (i.e. YCSB-SI), located along the Yuigahama seashore of the southern end of Kamakura City. Several new findings regarding the life and death situations of YCSB-SI w…

  • Stable isotopic reconstructions of adult diets and infant feeding practices during urbanization of the city of Edo in 17th century Japan

    Open Access•T Tsutaya, Tomohito Nagaoka et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Physical…•2014•Cited by: 9•References: 64

    The urbanization of the city of Edo, the capital of premodern Japan, has been assumed to be not as a result of natural increase but that of in‐migration although this assumption has never been verified. To obtain information on natural fertility in Edo, we analyzed stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in 46 adult and 84 subadult human skeletons excavated from the Hitotsubashi site (1657–1683 AD: the early Edo period), Tokyo, Japan and reconstructe…

  • Bone histomorphology of the Dederiyeh Neanderthal child

    Open Access•Junmei Sawada, Osamu Kondo et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2004•Cited by: 9•References: 3

    To clarify bone formation and growth in Neanderthal children, we prepared a femoral midshaft cross-section of the Dederiyeh 1 Neanderthal child (ca. 2 years old) discovered in Syria, and compared its bone histomorphology with that of modern children aged 0–6 years. Bone histomorphometry was performed with regard to six parameters, i.e. cortical width, percent osteonal bone, osteon population density, non-Haversian canal population density, second…

  • Radiocarbon dating of one human and two dog burials from the Kamikuroiwa rock shelter site, Ehime Prefecture

    Open Access•Takashi Gakuhari, Hajime Komiya et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2015•Cited by: 7•References: 1

    Two complete dog skeletons were recovered during archeological excavations from 1961 to 1970 at the Kamikuroiwa rock shelter, a site that yielded a series of cultural entities from the Late Pleistocene, Incipient Jomon, and Early Jomon periods. Since two dogs were buried close to human skeletons, it was thought that these dogs had been buried by Jomon people, and hence provided the oldest direct evidence of Canis domestication in Japan. However, …

  • Severe developmental defects of enamel in a human skeleton of the Final Jomon age from the Nakazawahama shell-mound, Iwate, Japan

    Open Access•Junmei Sawada, Toshihiko Suzuki et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2008•Cited by: 7•References: 2

    In an adult human skeleton of the Final Jomon age excavated at the Nakazawahama shell-mound in Iwate Prefecture, northeastern Japan, grooved enamel defects (about 2 mm in width) were observed circumferentially around the dental crowns of the upper left central incisor, upper right lateral incisor, and upper right canine. Observations of the crown surface using a stereomicroscope and evaluations of soft X-ray images revealed severe developmental d…

  • Histomorphological species identification of tiny bone fragments from a Paleolithic site in the Northern Japanese Archipelago

    Open Access•Junmei Sawada, Takashi Nara et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Archaeological Science•2014•Cited by: 6•References: 10

    Bone histomorphology is an effective method for species identification of fragmentary osseous remains. The 1997–1998 excavations of the Kashiwadai 1 Upper Paleolithic site (ca. 22–20.5 kyBP) in Hokkaido (the northern island of the Japanese Archipelago) yielded tiny bone fragments, which had been burned to white and broken into pieces less than 1 cm in size, making their species identification by gross morphology alone impossible. For the purpose …

  • Isotopic evidence of dietary variability in subadults at the Usu-moshiri site of the Epi-Jomon culture, Japan

    Open Access•T Tsutaya, Junmei Sawada et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Archaeological Science•2013•Cited by: 6•References: 10

  • Supraorbital foramen and hypoglossal canal bridging revisited

    Open Access•Yukio Dodo, Junmei Sawada•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2010•Cited by: 6•References: 1

    The frequency distribution of supraorbital foramen (SOF) and hypoglossal canal bridging (HGCB) is investigated using the data of 71 cranial samples from various regions of the world. These two traits are confirmed to be effective in distinguishing between major human populations in the world. The unique incidence pattern of a low frequency of SOF and a high frequency of HGCB places the Jomon/Ainu in Japan in an outlying position in regard to majo…

  • Sex determination using mastoid process measurements

    Open Access•Tomohito Nagaoka, Akio Shizushima et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2008•Cited by: 5•References: 2

    The purpose of this study was to develop new standards for determining the sex of fragmentary human skeletal remains. We measured height, width, and length of the mastoid process in medieval to early modern Japanese skeletons, from the Yuigahama-minami and Hitotsubashi sites, in order to provide a metric standard for the diagnosis of sex using the mastoid process. We calculated discriminant functions based on these measurements; the accuracy of s…

  • Infant feeding practice in medieval J apan

    Open Access•T Tsutaya, Akina Shimomi et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Physical…•2015•Cited by: 4•References: 72

    A longer breastfeeding duration provides various positive effects in subadult health because of abundant immunological factors and nutrients in human breast milk, and decreases the natural fertility of a population through lactational amenorrhea. In this study, we measured stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in the bone collagen of three adults and 45 subadults from the Yuigahama‐minami site (from 12th to 14th century) in Kamakura, the earl…

  • Morphological characteristics of buried dog remains excavated from the Kamikuroiwa Rock Shelter site, Ehime Prefecture, Japan

    Open Access•Hajime Komiya, Junmei Sawada et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2015•Cited by: 4•References: 2

    In 1962, two sets of dog remains were excavated at the Kamikuroiwa Rock Shelter site in Ehime Prefecture. 14C age dates of the dog remains correspond to a time period from the end of the Initial Jomon period to the beginning of the Early Jomon period: this indicates that they are the oldest buried dog remains discovered to date in the Japanese archipelago. Both sets of remains represented adult dogs and showed complete permanent dentition. The in…

  • In Search for Ainu's Signs in the Tohoku Region, Japan

    Open Access•Yoshinori Kawakubo, Junmei Sawada et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2009•Cited by: 2•References: 15

    南東北(宮城・福島・山形)由来の古墳時代人・古代人と北東北(青森・岩手・秋田)由来の江戸時代人の頭蓋について,計測的分析と形態小変異の分析を行い,これら東北地方の古人骨に,縄文人やアイヌの形態的特徴が,どの程度遺残しているかを調べた。比較資料として,東日本縄文人,北海道アイヌ,関東の古墳時代人と江戸時代人,それに北部九州の古墳時代人と江戸時代人の頭蓋を用いた。計測的分析では,顔面平坦度計測を含めた18項目の頭蓋計測値を用い,マハラノビスの距離(D2)にもとづいた分析と線形判別分析を試みた。頭蓋形態小変異については,観察者間誤差が少なく,日本列島集団の類別に有効であることが知られている6項目に絞って,スミスの距離(MMD)にもとづく分析を行った。D2でもMMDでも,縄文人に最も近いのは北海道アイヌであったが,東北地方の古墳時代人(計測的分析では古代人も含む)がこれに次いでおり,古墳時代でも江戸時代でも,九州→関東→東北→北海道アイヌまたは東日本縄文人という,明瞭な地理的勾配が観察された。同…

  • Heian-period human skeletal remains from the Shomyoji shell midden in Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture

    Open Access•Yasuo Hagihara, Tomoki Ohtani et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2019•Cited by: 1•References: 4

    The excavation of the Shomyoji shell midden in 2017 recovered more than 26 human skeletal remains belonging to the Jomon, Kofun, and Heian periods. In this paper, we describe one Heianperiod (AD 794–1185) individual (SK1), who was dated to 957–900 calBP by radiocarbon dating. SK1 is well preserved, presumably a male, and aged approximately 20–35 years. The morphology of the cranium and teeth are not similar to that seen in the Kanto Jomon and Kam…

  • Analyzing the Final Jomon human remains from the Nonomae shellmound, Ofunato City, Iwate Prefecture

    Open Access•Fumiko Saeki, Noboru Adachi et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2016•Cited by: 1•References: 32

    岩手県大船渡市野々前貝塚から出土した縄文時代晩期の熟年男性1体(1号),胎児ないし新生児1体(2号),壮年後半から熟年前半の女性1体(3号),熟年女性1体(4号),3歳程度の幼児1体(5号)の計5体について,形態人類学的および理化学的分析を実施した。人骨の年代は放射性炭素年代測定により3150~3000年前(cal BP)と推定された。形態学的検討およびDNA分析の双方から,野々前貝塚人骨が縄文時代人に一般的な形質を有することが明らかとなった。ミトコンドリアDNAのハプログループが判明した3体(1号N9b1,4号N9b*,5号M7a2)に母系の血縁関係は認められなかった。特筆すべき古病理学的所見として,出土成人3体全ての外耳道に明瞭な外耳道骨腫が確認された。これは,野々前貝塚の人々が水中(潜水)ないし水面域での漁撈活動に従事していた可能性を示唆するものである。炭素・窒素同位体比の分析では海産物を多く摂取していた食性が提示されており,外耳道骨腫の多発との関連がうかがわれた。また,出土成人3…

  • The Ainu and their neighbors as seen from the perspective of nonmetric cranial trait variation

    Open Access•Yukio Dodo, Yoshinori Kawakubo et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2013•Cited by: 1•References: 23

    頭蓋形態小変異9項目を指標にして,北海道集団(縄文/続縄文人・アイヌ・オホーツク人)とサハリンアイヌ・アムール川下流域集団・バイカル新石器時代人といった北東アジア集団との親疎関係を求め,それにもとづいてアイヌの成立史を論じた。頭蓋形態小変異にもとづいた各集団の親疎関係の当否は,18項目の頭蓋計測値による分析からも確かめてみた。頭蓋形態小変異による分析でも,その結果を確認するために行った頭蓋計測値による分析でも,比較6集団のなかで,北海道縄文・続縄文人に最も近い距離にあるのは北海道アイヌで,北海道縄文・続縄文人が近世北海道アイヌの母体になった集団であるという従来の言説を追認した。頭蓋形態小変異にもとづく距離分析では,比較6集団のなかで,北海道アイヌに最も近いのはオホーツク人で,頭蓋計測値による判別分析でも,オホーツク人の約3割が北海道アイヌに判別された。これらの所見から,北海道アイヌの祖先集団とオホーツク人は,これまで想定されていた以上に,活発な文化的・遺伝的交流を行っていたのではないか,…

  • The Ainu and their neighbors as seen from the perspective of nonmetric cranial trait variation

    Open Access•Yukio Dodo, Yoshinori Kawakubo et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2012•Cited by: 1•References: 30

    北海道アイヌの成立には,オホーツク人の遺伝的影響がかなり強く及んでいたという近年の研究成果に鑑みて,視野の中心を北海道に据えて,東アジアと北東アジアにおける北海道アイヌの人類学的位置を,頭蓋の形態小変異を指標にして,概観してみた。使用した形態小変異は観察者間誤差の少ない9項目で,日本列島の10集団とサハリンおよび大陸北東アジアの3集団を対象に分析を行った。集団間の親疎関係の推定にはスミスの距離(MMD)を用い,棒グラフとMMDマトリックスの主座標分析で集団間の相互関係を図示した。オホーツク人は北海道アイヌとサハリン・アムール・バイカルといった北東アジア集団のほぼ中間に位置したが,北海道アイヌとの形態距離はかなり近く,北海道や本州の縄文人と同程度であった。これに対して,大陸東アジアにその原郷が求められる弥生系集団は,北海道アイヌから遠く離れていた。9項目による分析結果が妥当なものであったかどうかを検証し,さらに,北海道の続縄文人の形態学的な位置づけを明らかにするために,著者のひとりが独自に…

  • The Ainu and their neighbors as seen from the perspective of nonmetric cranial trait variation

    Open Access•Yukio Dodo, Yoshinori Kawakubo et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2012•Cited by: 1•References: 19

    北海道の南西部,中央部,および北東部のアイヌにサハリンアイヌを加えたアイヌ4地域集団を対象にして,日本本土と琉球諸島諸集団の地域差と比較しながら,アイヌの地域差とはいったいどの程度のものであったのかを,頭蓋形態小変異20項目を指標にして評価してみた。地域差の大小関係は,スミスの距離(MMD)を尺度として比較した。北海道アイヌ3集団の地域差の程度は,奄美・沖縄・先島の琉球諸島近世人3集団の地域差よりはやや大きく,東北・関東・九州の日本本土の現代人3集団の地域差とほぼ同程度であった。北海道アイヌのなかでは,道北東部アイヌが道南西部および道中央部のアイヌとやや距離を置く傾向が観察された。サハリンアイヌは北海道アイヌから相当程度遠く離れ,その距離(MMD)の平均値は,北海道アイヌ3地域集団相互の距離の平均値の約4倍にも達した。このような関係は,18項目の頭蓋計測値にもとづいたマハラノビスの距離(D2)でも確かめられた

  • Dental Morphology of a Child Skeleton from the Hamashiriya Shell-mound, Aomori Prefecture, Japan

    Open Access•Toshihiko Suzuki, Junmei Sawada et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2004•Cited by: 1•References: 10

    青森県下北半島浜尻屋貝塚の2002年の発掘調査において,中世に属する1体の小児人骨が出土した。本研究では,歯冠の計測値および非計測的形質について日本列島の各時代の集団との比較分析を行うことで,浜尻屋人骨の帰属集団を探った。歯冠サイズに関しては,浜尻屋人骨はアイヌと中世本土日本人の双方にオーバーラップしており,そのどちらに近いかを明らかにすることは難しかった。一方,非計測的形質に関しては,上顎前歯部の弱いシャベル形質や,下顎第二乳臼歯に見られたmiddle trigonid crestは,より縄文人的すなわちアイヌ的な形質特性を意味するものと思われた。以上を踏まえると,浜尻屋人骨は少なくとも渡来的形質を持った本土日本人ではなく,アイヌ,もしくは縄文・アイヌ的形質を備えた本土日本人のどちらかに属する可能性が高いと考えられた

  • Bone histomorphology of the Dederiyeh Neanderthal child

    Open Access•Junmei Sawada, Osamu Kondo et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2004•Cited by: 9•References: 3

    To clarify bone formation and growth in Neanderthal children, we prepared a femoral midshaft cross-section of the Dederiyeh 1 Neanderthal child (ca. 2 years old) discovered in Syria, and compared its bone histomorphology with that of modern children aged 0–6 years. Bone histomorphometry was performed with regard to six parameters, i.e. cortical width, percent osteonal bone, osteon population density, non-Haversian canal population density, second…

  • Dental Morphology of a Child Skeleton from the Hamashiriya Shell-mound, Aomori Prefecture, Japan

    Open Access•Toshihiko Suzuki, Junmei Sawada et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2004•Cited by: 1•References: 10

    青森県下北半島浜尻屋貝塚の2002年の発掘調査において,中世に属する1体の小児人骨が出土した。本研究では,歯冠の計測値および非計測的形質について日本列島の各時代の集団との比較分析を行うことで,浜尻屋人骨の帰属集団を探った。歯冠サイズに関しては,浜尻屋人骨はアイヌと中世本土日本人の双方にオーバーラップしており,そのどちらに近いかを明らかにすることは難しかった。一方,非計測的形質に関しては,上顎前歯部の弱いシャベル形質や,下顎第二乳臼歯に見られたmiddle trigonid crestは,より縄文人的すなわちアイヌ的な形質特性を意味するものと思われた。以上を踏まえると,浜尻屋人骨は少なくとも渡来的形質を持った本土日本人ではなく,アイヌ,もしくは縄文・アイヌ的形質を備えた本土日本人のどちらかに属する可能性が高いと考えられた

  • Morphological Variation of Crania of the Medieval Period Japanese

    Open Access•Tomohito Nagaoka, Akio Shizushima et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2006•References: 18

    本研究の目的は,近年資料の蓄積が著しい関東地方の中世人頭蓋の計測を行い,そのデータと文献から収集した頭蓋計測値に基づき関東地方の中世人頭蓋の地域内変異を明らかにすることが第一点である。第二点目は,関東地方と北部九州・山口地方の中世人との比較から中世人頭蓋の地域間変異を考察することである。今回,計測した資料は,鎌倉~室町時代前期の鎌倉市由比ヶ浜南遺跡(単体埋葬墓),中世集団墓地遺跡(No. 372),極楽寺遺跡,室町時代後期の東京都鍛冶橋遺跡,丸の内遺跡から出土した成人男性頭蓋である。文献データとしては,鎌倉~室町時代前期の鎌倉市の由比ヶ浜南遺跡(集積埋葬墓),材木座遺跡,室町時代の北部九州・山口地方の吉母浜遺跡から出土した成人男性頭蓋の計測値を引用した。関東地方の中世人頭蓋は長頭・低顔・歯槽性突顎の傾向が強く,その特徴は他の時代には認められないほど顕著であることが分かった。特に,極楽寺遺跡,材木座遺跡出土の中世人でその特徴が著しかった。関東地方の中世人の頭蓋形態は時期とともに変化し,中世…

  • Did the Jomon people have a short lifespan? Evidence from the adult age-at-death estimation based on the auricular surface of the ilium

    Open Access•Tomohito Nagaoka, Junmei Sawada et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2008•Cited by: 13•References: 3

    The demography of the Jomon people was first systematically investigated by Kobayashi ([1967] Journal of the Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo, Section V, 3: 107–162). His life-table analysis indicated that Jomon life expectancy at the age of 15 was only 16 years. However, recent advances in palaeodemography have questioned whether the reconstruction of demographic parameters from skeletons actually reflects the real mortality patterns …

  • Severe developmental defects of enamel in a human skeleton of the Final Jomon age from the Nakazawahama shell-mound, Iwate, Japan

    Open Access•Junmei Sawada, Toshihiko Suzuki et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2008•Cited by: 7•References: 2

    In an adult human skeleton of the Final Jomon age excavated at the Nakazawahama shell-mound in Iwate Prefecture, northeastern Japan, grooved enamel defects (about 2 mm in width) were observed circumferentially around the dental crowns of the upper left central incisor, upper right lateral incisor, and upper right canine. Observations of the crown surface using a stereomicroscope and evaluations of soft X-ray images revealed severe developmental d…

  • Terminal Pleistocene human skeleton from Hang Cho Cave, northern Vietnam

    Open Access•H Matsumura, Minoru Yoneda et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2008•Cited by: 24•References: 8

    An excavation at the cave site of Hang Cho in northern Vietnam resulted in the discovery of a terminal Pleistocene human skeleton in a relatively good state of preservation. The material culture from this site belongs to the pre-ceramic Hoabinhian period. An AMS radiocarbon date on a tooth sample extracted from this individual gives a calibrated age of 10450 ± 300 years BP. In discussions of the population history of Southeast Asia, it has been r…

  • Sex determination using mastoid process measurements

    Open Access•Tomohito Nagaoka, Akio Shizushima et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2008•Cited by: 5•References: 2

    The purpose of this study was to develop new standards for determining the sex of fragmentary human skeletal remains. We measured height, width, and length of the mastoid process in medieval to early modern Japanese skeletons, from the Yuigahama-minami and Hitotsubashi sites, in order to provide a metric standard for the diagnosis of sex using the mastoid process. We calculated discriminant functions based on these measurements; the accuracy of s…

  • In Search for Ainu's Signs in the Tohoku Region, Japan

    Open Access•Yoshinori Kawakubo, Junmei Sawada et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2009•Cited by: 2•References: 15

    南東北(宮城・福島・山形)由来の古墳時代人・古代人と北東北(青森・岩手・秋田)由来の江戸時代人の頭蓋について,計測的分析と形態小変異の分析を行い,これら東北地方の古人骨に,縄文人やアイヌの形態的特徴が,どの程度遺残しているかを調べた。比較資料として,東日本縄文人,北海道アイヌ,関東の古墳時代人と江戸時代人,それに北部九州の古墳時代人と江戸時代人の頭蓋を用いた。計測的分析では,顔面平坦度計測を含めた18項目の頭蓋計測値を用い,マハラノビスの距離(D2)にもとづいた分析と線形判別分析を試みた。頭蓋形態小変異については,観察者間誤差が少なく,日本列島集団の類別に有効であることが知られている6項目に絞って,スミスの距離(MMD)にもとづく分析を行った。D2でもMMDでも,縄文人に最も近いのは北海道アイヌであったが,東北地方の古墳時代人(計測的分析では古代人も含む)がこれに次いでおり,古墳時代でも江戸時代でも,九州→関東→東北→北海道アイヌまたは東日本縄文人という,明瞭な地理的勾配が観察された。同…

  • Supraorbital foramen and hypoglossal canal bridging revisited

    Open Access•Yukio Dodo, Junmei Sawada•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2010•Cited by: 6•References: 1

    The frequency distribution of supraorbital foramen (SOF) and hypoglossal canal bridging (HGCB) is investigated using the data of 71 cranial samples from various regions of the world. These two traits are confirmed to be effective in distinguishing between major human populations in the world. The unique incidence pattern of a low frequency of SOF and a high frequency of HGCB places the Jomon/Ainu in Japan in an outlying position in regard to majo…

  • Histomorphological Discrimination between Human and Nonhuman Bones of Fragmentary Osteal Remains

    Open Access•Junmei Sawada, Takashi Nara et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2010•References: 23

    骨の組織形態学的検討は,動物種の同定に有効な方法である。青森県朝日山(2)遺跡から平安時代の焼骨片が出土したが,小片のため肉眼形態観察では種の同定が困難であった。そこでヒトかそれ以外の動物なのか鑑別することを目的として,出土四肢骨骨幹部片4点を薄切し,骨組織形態の観察と計測的検討を行なった。比較資料として,ヒト・クマ・ウマ・イノシシ・ニホンジカ・カモシカ・ウシの四肢長骨を用いた。比較資料の骨組織形態計測の結果,ヒトのハバース管の面積(H.Ar)とオステオンの面積に対するハバース管の面積の比(H-On示数)は他の動物より有意に大きい傾向があり,人獣鑑別の指標として優れていた。朝日山(2)遺跡出土焼骨について,焼成による収縮の影響を考慮しながら検討した結果,出土骨試料4点のうち3点は人骨とみなしてさしつかえないと考えられた。残る1点はヒトあるいはウマの可能性があるが,どちらかといえばヒトに近いと考えられた。出土焼骨は火葬された人骨と推察され,平安時代の青森地方に火葬習俗が存在した可能性が示唆…

  • Faunal Remains at Man Bac

    Junmei Sawada, Nguyen Kim Thuy et al.•CHAPTER•Man Bac•2011

    This chapter describes the zooarchaeological findings from an analysis of the mammalian remains from Man Bac. Several hundred vertebrate remains were recovered during the excavations of Man Bac between 2005 and 2007. Mammalian and fish bones formed the main component of the recovered vertebrate assemblage. These animal bones provide primary information for an understanding of the subsistence behaviours of the Man Bac community during the neolithi…

  • Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Hokkaido Jomon skeletons

    Open Access•Noboru Adachi, Ken‐ichi Shinoda et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Physical…•2011•Cited by: 13•References: 49

    To clarify the colonizing process of East/Northeast Asia as well as the peopling of the Americas, identifying the genetic characteristics of Paleolithic Siberians is indispensable. However, no genetic information on the Paleolithic Siberians has hitherto been reported. In the present study, we analyzed ancient DNA recovered from Jomon skeletons excavated from the northernmost island of Japan, Hokkaido, which was connected with southern Siberia in…

  • Tubular anomalous bones found in both thighs of a long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis)

    Open Access•Yuzuru Hamada, Junmei Sawada et al.•ARTICLE•Primates•2012

  • The Ainu and their neighbors as seen from the perspective of nonmetric cranial trait variation

    Open Access•Yukio Dodo, Yoshinori Kawakubo et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2012•Cited by: 1•References: 30

    北海道アイヌの成立には,オホーツク人の遺伝的影響がかなり強く及んでいたという近年の研究成果に鑑みて,視野の中心を北海道に据えて,東アジアと北東アジアにおける北海道アイヌの人類学的位置を,頭蓋の形態小変異を指標にして,概観してみた。使用した形態小変異は観察者間誤差の少ない9項目で,日本列島の10集団とサハリンおよび大陸北東アジアの3集団を対象に分析を行った。集団間の親疎関係の推定にはスミスの距離(MMD)を用い,棒グラフとMMDマトリックスの主座標分析で集団間の相互関係を図示した。オホーツク人は北海道アイヌとサハリン・アムール・バイカルといった北東アジア集団のほぼ中間に位置したが,北海道アイヌとの形態距離はかなり近く,北海道や本州の縄文人と同程度であった。これに対して,大陸東アジアにその原郷が求められる弥生系集団は,北海道アイヌから遠く離れていた。9項目による分析結果が妥当なものであったかどうかを検証し,さらに,北海道の続縄文人の形態学的な位置づけを明らかにするために,著者のひとりが独自に…

  • The Ainu and their neighbors as seen from the perspective of nonmetric cranial trait variation

    Open Access•Yukio Dodo, Yoshinori Kawakubo et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2012•Cited by: 1•References: 19

    北海道の南西部,中央部,および北東部のアイヌにサハリンアイヌを加えたアイヌ4地域集団を対象にして,日本本土と琉球諸島諸集団の地域差と比較しながら,アイヌの地域差とはいったいどの程度のものであったのかを,頭蓋形態小変異20項目を指標にして評価してみた。地域差の大小関係は,スミスの距離(MMD)を尺度として比較した。北海道アイヌ3集団の地域差の程度は,奄美・沖縄・先島の琉球諸島近世人3集団の地域差よりはやや大きく,東北・関東・九州の日本本土の現代人3集団の地域差とほぼ同程度であった。北海道アイヌのなかでは,道北東部アイヌが道南西部および道中央部のアイヌとやや距離を置く傾向が観察された。サハリンアイヌは北海道アイヌから相当程度遠く離れ,その距離(MMD)の平均値は,北海道アイヌ3地域集団相互の距離の平均値の約4倍にも達した。このような関係は,18項目の頭蓋計測値にもとづいたマハラノビスの距離(D2)でも確かめられた

  • Isotopic evidence of dietary variability in subadults at the Usu-moshiri site of the Epi-Jomon culture, Japan

    Open Access•T Tsutaya, Junmei Sawada et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Archaeological Science•2013•Cited by: 6•References: 10

  • The Ainu and their neighbors as seen from the perspective of nonmetric cranial trait variation

    Open Access•Yukio Dodo, Yoshinori Kawakubo et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2013•Cited by: 1•References: 23

    頭蓋形態小変異9項目を指標にして,北海道集団(縄文/続縄文人・アイヌ・オホーツク人)とサハリンアイヌ・アムール川下流域集団・バイカル新石器時代人といった北東アジア集団との親疎関係を求め,それにもとづいてアイヌの成立史を論じた。頭蓋形態小変異にもとづいた各集団の親疎関係の当否は,18項目の頭蓋計測値による分析からも確かめてみた。頭蓋形態小変異による分析でも,その結果を確認するために行った頭蓋計測値による分析でも,比較6集団のなかで,北海道縄文・続縄文人に最も近い距離にあるのは北海道アイヌで,北海道縄文・続縄文人が近世北海道アイヌの母体になった集団であるという従来の言説を追認した。頭蓋形態小変異にもとづく距離分析では,比較6集団のなかで,北海道アイヌに最も近いのはオホーツク人で,頭蓋計測値による判別分析でも,オホーツク人の約3割が北海道アイヌに判別された。これらの所見から,北海道アイヌの祖先集団とオホーツク人は,これまで想定されていた以上に,活発な文化的・遺伝的交流を行っていたのではないか,…

  • Demographic and pathological characteristics of the medieval Japanese

    Open Access•Tomohito Nagaoka, Junmei Sawada et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2013•Cited by: 10•References: 12

    The purposes of this study are to conduct paleodemographic and paleopathological analyses of medieval human skeletons from Japan and to clarify their life and death situations. The materials used here were individuals from the Yuigahama-chusei-shudan-bochi site (Seika-ichiba location) (i.e. YCSB-SI), located along the Yuigahama seashore of the southern end of Kamakura City. Several new findings regarding the life and death situations of YCSB-SI w…

  • Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the human skeleton of the initial Jomon phase excavated at the Yugura cave site, Nagano, Japan

    Open Access•Noboru Adachi, Junmei Sawada et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2013•Cited by: 12•References: 2

    Obtaining genetic information about early humans is indispensable to our understanding of the demographic history of mankind. In the present study, we performed a detailed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis of a skeleton of the initial Jomon era unearthed from the Yugura cave site in Nagano, Japan, which was dated to 7920–7795 calBP by direct 14C dating. mtDNA of the Yugura skeleton was designated to haplogroup D4b2, which is widely observed in p…

  • Histomorphological species identification of tiny bone fragments from a Paleolithic site in the Northern Japanese Archipelago

    Open Access•Junmei Sawada, Takashi Nara et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Archaeological Science•2014•Cited by: 6•References: 10

    Bone histomorphology is an effective method for species identification of fragmentary osseous remains. The 1997–1998 excavations of the Kashiwadai 1 Upper Paleolithic site (ca. 22–20.5 kyBP) in Hokkaido (the northern island of the Japanese Archipelago) yielded tiny bone fragments, which had been burned to white and broken into pieces less than 1 cm in size, making their species identification by gross morphology alone impossible. For the purpose …

  • Stable isotopic reconstructions of adult diets and infant feeding practices during urbanization of the city of Edo in 17th century Japan

    Open Access•T Tsutaya, Tomohito Nagaoka et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Physical…•2014•Cited by: 9•References: 64

    The urbanization of the city of Edo, the capital of premodern Japan, has been assumed to be not as a result of natural increase but that of in‐migration although this assumption has never been verified. To obtain information on natural fertility in Edo, we analyzed stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in 46 adult and 84 subadult human skeletons excavated from the Hitotsubashi site (1657–1683 AD: the early Edo period), Tokyo, Japan and reconstructe…

  • Infant feeding practice in medieval J apan

    Open Access•T Tsutaya, Akina Shimomi et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Physical…•2015•Cited by: 4•References: 72

    A longer breastfeeding duration provides various positive effects in subadult health because of abundant immunological factors and nutrients in human breast milk, and decreases the natural fertility of a population through lactational amenorrhea. In this study, we measured stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in the bone collagen of three adults and 45 subadults from the Yuigahama‐minami site (from 12th to 14th century) in Kamakura, the earl…

  • Radiocarbon dating of one human and two dog burials from the Kamikuroiwa rock shelter site, Ehime Prefecture

    Open Access•Takashi Gakuhari, Hajime Komiya et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2015•Cited by: 7•References: 1

    Two complete dog skeletons were recovered during archeological excavations from 1961 to 1970 at the Kamikuroiwa rock shelter, a site that yielded a series of cultural entities from the Late Pleistocene, Incipient Jomon, and Early Jomon periods. Since two dogs were buried close to human skeletons, it was thought that these dogs had been buried by Jomon people, and hence provided the oldest direct evidence of Canis domestication in Japan. However, …

  • Morphological characteristics of buried dog remains excavated from the Kamikuroiwa Rock Shelter site, Ehime Prefecture, Japan

    Open Access•Hajime Komiya, Junmei Sawada et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2015•Cited by: 4•References: 2

    In 1962, two sets of dog remains were excavated at the Kamikuroiwa Rock Shelter site in Ehime Prefecture. 14C age dates of the dog remains correspond to a time period from the end of the Initial Jomon period to the beginning of the Early Jomon period: this indicates that they are the oldest buried dog remains discovered to date in the Japanese archipelago. Both sets of remains represented adult dogs and showed complete permanent dentition. The in…

  • Analyzing the Final Jomon human remains from the Nonomae shellmound, Ofunato City, Iwate Prefecture

    Open Access•Fumiko Saeki, Noboru Adachi et al.•ARTICLE•Anthropological Science•2016•Cited by: 1•References: 32

    岩手県大船渡市野々前貝塚から出土した縄文時代晩期の熟年男性1体(1号),胎児ないし新生児1体(2号),壮年後半から熟年前半の女性1体(3号),熟年女性1体(4号),3歳程度の幼児1体(5号)の計5体について,形態人類学的および理化学的分析を実施した。人骨の年代は放射性炭素年代測定により3150~3000年前(cal BP)と推定された。形態学的検討およびDNA分析の双方から,野々前貝塚人骨が縄文時代人に一般的な形質を有することが明らかとなった。ミトコンドリアDNAのハプログループが判明した3体(1号N9b1,4号N9b*,5号M7a2)に母系の血縁関係は認められなかった。特筆すべき古病理学的所見として,出土成人3体全ての外耳道に明瞭な外耳道骨腫が確認された。これは,野々前貝塚の人々が水中(潜水)ないし水面域での漁撈活動に従事していた可能性を示唆するものである。炭素・窒素同位体比の分析では海産物を多く摂取していた食性が提示されており,外耳道骨腫の多発との関連がうかがわれた。また,出土成人3…

Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (20 works) · Geography (18 works) · Biology (17 works) · Archaeology (16 works) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (13 works) · Forensic and Genetic Research (11 works) · Medicine (10 works) · Population (8 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (7 works) · Demography (7 works)

Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae