Paul W Sciulli
Biographic Data
| ID | 79372 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Paul W Sciulli |
| GIVEN NAMES | Paul W |
| FAMILY NAME | Sciulli |
| SIGNATURE | SCIULLI P W |
| AFFILIATIONS | The Ohio State University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 48 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 430 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 48 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1975 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2018 |
| H-INDEX | 13 |
Elongated Mandibular Premolar
A previously unreported morphological variant, elongated premolar, is described and analyzed. The elongated premolar is mandibular and may affect the anterior or posterior premolar in the field. It appears phenotypically to be more rectangular (with the long axis mesiodistal) than ‘normal’ premolars. Dentitions of European Americans, African Americans, and an admixed group of Native African/European Americans were examined for the presence of thi…
Dental Asymmetry in a Late Archaic and Late Prehistoric Skeletal Sample of the Ohio Valley Area
Dental asymmetry (directional, anti-symmetry, and fluctuating) is analyzed in samples from two prehistoric Native American populations: a terminal Late Archaic population (3200-2700 BP) and a Late Prehistoric population (ca. 750 BP). Both directional and fluctuating asymmetry were found in each sample. Directional asymmetry occurs in only four teeth in the Late Archaic sample and in two teeth in the Late Prehistoric sample. Neither sample exhibit…
Intracemetery biological variation at the fort ancient sunwatch village
OBJECTIVES: We investigate intracemetery biological variation at the Fort Ancient SunWatch village (800-500 BP.) to test the hypothesis that the SunWatch population consisted of spatially structured biologically differentiated kin groups consisting of distinct local Late Woodland and non-local Mississippian biological populations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The SunWatch sample contains 166 individuals: 63 adults and 103 subadults. We analyze intraceme…
A Late Woodland red ocher burial cache from Madison County, Ohio
An isolated human burial was discovered on a private property in Madison County, Ohio in the spring of 2009. The remains were recovered by the Ohio Bureau of Criminal Investigations and sent to The Ohio State University for analysis. We report the results of a generic descriptive analysis of the assemblage and remains. The individual was a robust young adult male, and the assemblage seemed typical of a terminal Archaic or Early Woodland period (1…
Exploring the multidimensionality of stature variation in the past through comparisons of archaeological and living populations
Adult stature variation is commonly attributed to differential stress‐levels during development. However, due to selective mortality and heterogeneous frailty, a population's tall stature may be more indicative of high selective pressures than of positive life conditions. This article examines stature in a biocultural context and draws parallels between bioarchaeological and living populations to explore the multidimensionality of stature variati…
Evidence for long‐term migration on the Balkan Peninsula using dental and cranial nonmetric data
This article seeks to identify “Greeks” and “non‐Greeks” in “mixed” mortuary contexts in a Greek colony. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that Illyrian and Greek individuals lived and were buried together at the Corinthian colony of Apollonia, Albania (established ca. 600 BC). The pattern of human biological interaction at Apollonia is tested by identifying variation in genetic relatedness using biodistance analysis of dental and cranial nonm…
Panel regression formulas for estimating stature and body mass from immature human skeletons
Degenerative Joint Disease and Social Status in the Terminal Late Archaic Period (1000–500 b.c .) of Ohio
This research presents an analysis of the inferred Late Archaic social structure in Ohio based on degenerative joint disease (DJD, also known as osteoarthritis) and mortuary practices. We tested the hypothesis that mechanical loading involving physical activities is differentially distributed in a population along levels or types of social stratification. This hypothesis was investigated via statistical treatment of DJD as a skeletal stress marke…
Revisiting dental fluctuating asymmetry in neandertals and modern humans
Previous studies have suggested that Neandertals experienced greater physiological stress and/or were less capable of mitigating stress than most prehistoric modern human populations. The current study compares estimates of dental fluctuating asymmetry (DFA) for prehistoric Inupiat from Point Hope Alaska, the Late Archaic, and Protohistoric periods from Ohio and West Virginia, and a modern sample from Ohio to Neandertals from Europe and Southwest…
Intrapopulation variation in stature and body proportions
The phenotypic expression of adult body size and shape results from synergistic interactions between hereditary factors and environmental conditions experienced during growth. Variation in body size and shape occurs even in genetically relatively homogeneous groups, due to different occurrence, duration, and timing of growth insults. Understanding the causes and patterns of intrapopulation variation can foster meaningful information on early life…
Dirty teeth and ancient trade
Analysis of ancient human dental calculus for the presence of inclusions related to diet and dental health has been overlooked in anthropological literature. Small particles of archaeobotanical debris, which would otherwise not be preserved in the archaeological record, can become incorporated into unmineralised plaque on teeth during mastication and oral manipulation. When plaque mineralises into calculus, debris is preserved in situ . Samples o…
Patterns of social identity in relation to tooth ablation among prehistoric Jomon foragers from the Yoshigo site, Aichi prefecture, Japan
This study documents and interprets patterns of identity in relation to tooth ablation patterns at Yoshigo, a Late/Final Jomon period (3500-2500 yBP) site. Two patterns of tooth ablation are observed among the Yoshigo people: both (2) mandibular canines or four (4) mandibular incisors were extracted during life and formed a basis for identity differentiation. Three hypotheses are tested regarding these groups: (1) tooth ablation groups will be un…
Estimating body mass in subadult human skeletons
Methods for estimating body mass from the human skeleton are often required for research in biological or forensic anthropology. There are currently only two methods for estimating body mass in subadults: the width of the distal femur metaphysis is useful for individuals 1–12 years of age and the femoral head is useful for older subadults. This article provides age‐structured formulas for estimating subadult body mass using midshaft femur cross‐s…
Stature estimation in an early medieval (XI‐XII c.) Polish population
Accurate stature estimation from skeletal remains can foster useful information on health and microevolutionary trends in past human populations. Stature can be estimated through the anatomical method and regression equations. The anatomical method (Fully: Ann Med Leg 36 [1956] 266–273; Raxter et al.: Am J Phys Anthropol 130 [2006] 374–384) is preferable because it takes into account total skeletal height and thus provides more accurate estimates…
Under restrictive conditions, can the widths of linear enamel hypoplasias be used as relative indicators of stress episode duration
Linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH), a type of enamel defect reflecting nonspecific physiological stress, has traditionally been used by bioarchaeologists to assess human health. Initially, measurements of defect width were used to estimate the duration of stress episodes. More recently, methods of counting within‐defect perikymata (enamel growth increments) were developed to more accurately assess duration. Because perikymata are often not continuous…
Evaluation of juvenile stature and body mass prediction
This investigation evaluates the performance of juvenile stature (from tibia and radius lengths) and body mass (from breadth of the femoral distal metaphysis) prediction equations based on the Denver Growth Study sample (Ruff C. 2007. Am J Phys Anthropol 133 698–716). The sample used here for evaluation is an independent sample of juveniles brought to the Franklin County (Ohio) Coroner in 1990–1991. The Ohio sample differs somewhat from the Denve…
Brief communication
Linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) is an enamel defect that records the effects of physiological stress on tooth formation. Estimating the age at which LEH defects form is integral to the reconstruction of population health in bioarcheological studies. Two principal methods for aging LEH defects have been introduced in the literature. The conventional approach employs regression equations based on a linear model of tooth growth. The newer, Reid and D…
Variation in limb proportions between Jomon foragers and Yayoi agriculturalists from prehistoric Japan
Variation in limb proportions between prehistoric Jomon and Yayoi people of Japan are explored by this study. Jomon people were the descendents of Pleistocene nomads who migrated to the Japanese Islands around 30,000 yBP. Phenotypic and genotypic evidence indicates that Yayoi people were recent migrants to Japan from continental Northeast Asia who likely interbred with Jomon foragers. Limb proportions of Jomon and Yayoi people were compared using…
Dental crown size and sex hormone concentrations
Previous researchers hypothesized that tooth types forming during early childhood should be less sexually dimorphic than those forming during later childhood, if sex hormone concentration differences between males and females increase progressively throughout childhood and can affect tooth size. Descriptive tooth size data have recently been cited in support of this hypothesis, particularly with respect to differences in sexual dimorphism among t…
Relative dental maturity and associated skeletal maturity in prehistoric native Americans of the Ohio valley area
Estimation of age‐at‐death of subadults in prehistoric skeletal samples based on modern reference standards rests on a number of assumptions of which many are untestable. If these assumptions are not met error of unknown magnitude and direction will be introduced to the subadult age estimates. This situation suggests that an independent estimate or estimates of age‐related features, free of most of the assumptions made when using modern reference…
Dental fluctuating asymmetry in the Gullah
In this investigation, deciduous teeth (canines, c; first molars, m1; second molars, m2) and their permanent successors (canines, C; first premolars, P1; second premolars, P2) were used to test two related hypotheses about fluctuating asymmetry (FA). First, based on the biology of the developing dentition, it was predicted that deciduous teeth would be more developmentally stable and thus exhibit less dimensional FA than their permanent successor…
Comparative human and deer (Odocoileus virginianus) taphonomy at the Richards site, Ohio
The Richards site is attributed to the Philo phase of the Fort Ancient tradition of the Ohio Valley area. Human skeletal material from the site shows evidence of peri- and post-mortem taphonomic changes, including cut marks, burning and fracturing. Previous analyses have discussed explanations for these changes, including secondary burial, ritual destruction and cannibalism. Researchers have theorised that, allowing for differences in anatomy amo…
Brief communication
This study employs metric and morphological features of the deciduous dentition for discriminating between European‐American and African‐American children and providing allocation rules (regression equations). Five logistic regression equations are presented, with the percentage of correct allocation to group of between 90.1–92.6%. All five equations employ three metric traits (the mesiodistal diameters of the mandibular deciduous canines and ant…
Fluctuating asymmetry predicts human reactive aggression
Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) represents non‐directional deviations from perfect symmetry in morphological characters. Prenatal stressors contribute to the imprecise expression of symmetrical phenotypes and display of agonistic behavior in children and adults. Because prenatal stress affects neurological function and overt behavior, and FA is often used as a marker for prenatal stress, we hypothesized that high FA would be associated with elevated l…
Evolution of dentition in prehistoric Ohio Valley Native Americans III. Metrics of deciduous dentition
Deciduous tooth size in Native Americans of the Ohio Valley area is fairly stable from the terminal Late Archaic (3200 BP) through the Late Prehistoric (350 BP) periods. Some fluctuation in average size did occur during this time. These fluctuations most likely reflect random changes due to gene drift. However, no difference in the pattern of interactions among the sizes of teeth (covariance structures) can be demonstrated during this period. Pri…
Exploring the multidimensionality of stature variation in the past through comparisons of archaeological and living populations
Adult stature variation is commonly attributed to differential stress‐levels during development. However, due to selective mortality and heterogeneous frailty, a population's tall stature may be more indicative of high selective pressures than of positive life conditions. This article examines stature in a biocultural context and draws parallels between bioarchaeological and living populations to explore the multidimensionality of stature variati…
Intrapopulation variation in stature and body proportions
The phenotypic expression of adult body size and shape results from synergistic interactions between hereditary factors and environmental conditions experienced during growth. Variation in body size and shape occurs even in genetically relatively homogeneous groups, due to different occurrence, duration, and timing of growth insults. Understanding the causes and patterns of intrapopulation variation can foster meaningful information on early life…
Variation in limb proportions between Jomon foragers and Yayoi agriculturalists from prehistoric Japan
Variation in limb proportions between prehistoric Jomon and Yayoi people of Japan are explored by this study. Jomon people were the descendents of Pleistocene nomads who migrated to the Japanese Islands around 30,000 yBP. Phenotypic and genotypic evidence indicates that Yayoi people were recent migrants to Japan from continental Northeast Asia who likely interbred with Jomon foragers. Limb proportions of Jomon and Yayoi people were compared using…
Stature estimation in prehistoric Native Americans of Ohio
In the present report we investigate stature estimation techniques in a sample of 64 (35 male, 29 female) prehistoric Native Americans from Ohio. Because living stature is unknown for these 64 individuals, we use Fully's (1956) anatomical method to provide the best estimates of living stature. In this method all osseous components of skeletal height are measured and soft tissue correction is added. Comparisons of regression equations commonly use…
The interaction of stressors in the induction of increased levels of fluctuating asymmetry in the laboratory rat
Recent studies on fluctuating dental asymmetry have isolated single stressors as causative agents. Since most stressors are composite in nature, the present study was designed to determine the effects of the interaction of stressors in the induction of fluctuating dental asymmetry. Pregnant rats were assigned to one of six treatment groups and stressed with various combinations of heat, cold, noise and protein deprivation. The levels of fluctuati…
Stature estimation in an early medieval (XI‐XII c.) Polish population
Accurate stature estimation from skeletal remains can foster useful information on health and microevolutionary trends in past human populations. Stature can be estimated through the anatomical method and regression equations. The anatomical method (Fully: Ann Med Leg 36 [1956] 266–273; Raxter et al.: Am J Phys Anthropol 130 [2006] 374–384) is preferable because it takes into account total skeletal height and thus provides more accurate estimates…
Size and morphology of the permanent dentition in prehistoric Ohio Valley Amerindians
Metric and morphological characterizations of the permanent teeth from a total of 155 prehistoric Amerindians are presented. The individuals represent samples from three Ohio Valley burial complexes (considered together as the Late Diffuse group): Glacial Kame, Adena and Ohio Hopewell. Metric data include common measures of central tendency and dispersion. From these measures estimates and analyses of the magnitude of sexual dimorphism and relati…
Dental fluctuating asymmetry in the Gullah
In this investigation, deciduous teeth (canines, c; first molars, m1; second molars, m2) and their permanent successors (canines, C; first premolars, P1; second premolars, P2) were used to test two related hypotheses about fluctuating asymmetry (FA). First, based on the biology of the developing dentition, it was predicted that deciduous teeth would be more developmentally stable and thus exhibit less dimensional FA than their permanent successor…
A descriptive and comparative study of the deciduous dentition of prehistoric Ohio Valley Amerindians
The deciduous dentition of 58 individuals from groups of prehistoric Ohio Valley Amerindians (2,000 B.C.‐1,600 A.D.) was measured for antero‐posterior and bucco‐lingual dimensions and scored for morphological characteristics and macroscopic pathology. Only five dimensions of the posterior teeth and the frequency of severe linear enamel hypoplasia showed significant differences in the groups. In all cases focal agriculturalists exhibited smaller t…
Dental crown size and sex hormone concentrations
Previous researchers hypothesized that tooth types forming during early childhood should be less sexually dimorphic than those forming during later childhood, if sex hormone concentration differences between males and females increase progressively throughout childhood and can affect tooth size. Descriptive tooth size data have recently been cited in support of this hypothesis, particularly with respect to differences in sexual dimorphism among t…
Brief communication
Linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) is an enamel defect that records the effects of physiological stress on tooth formation. Estimating the age at which LEH defects form is integral to the reconstruction of population health in bioarcheological studies. Two principal methods for aging LEH defects have been introduced in the literature. The conventional approach employs regression equations based on a linear model of tooth growth. The newer, Reid and D…
An update on stature estimation in prehistoric native Americans of Ohio
We present regression equations to estimate skeletal height and stature for prehistoric Native Americans of Ohio. The regression equations are based on skeletal height as the dependent variable and various postcranial elements and combinations of elements as the independent variables. A total of 171 individuals, 95 males and 76 females, make up the sample. The present sample includes the 64 individuals we previously used for stature estimation (S…
Cranial metric and discrete trait variation and biological differentiation in the terminal Late Archaic of Ohio
Cranial metric and discrete traits were collected from adult individuals of the terminal Late Archaic Duff site cemetery (33 LO 111). Comparisons of cranial metric traits among eight terminal Late Archaic samples including the Duff site sample showed that all samples shared the same generalized variance and by inference the same pattern of shape variation. Some significant size differences were found but these were interpreted as reflecting only …
Estimating body mass in subadult human skeletons
Methods for estimating body mass from the human skeleton are often required for research in biological or forensic anthropology. There are currently only two methods for estimating body mass in subadults: the width of the distal femur metaphysis is useful for individuals 1–12 years of age and the femoral head is useful for older subadults. This article provides age‐structured formulas for estimating subadult body mass using midshaft femur cross‐s…
Evaluation of juvenile stature and body mass prediction
This investigation evaluates the performance of juvenile stature (from tibia and radius lengths) and body mass (from breadth of the femoral distal metaphysis) prediction equations based on the Denver Growth Study sample (Ruff C. 2007. Am J Phys Anthropol 133 698–716). The sample used here for evaluation is an independent sample of juveniles brought to the Franklin County (Ohio) Coroner in 1990–1991. The Ohio sample differs somewhat from the Denve…
Evidence for long‐term migration on the Balkan Peninsula using dental and cranial nonmetric data
This article seeks to identify “Greeks” and “non‐Greeks” in “mixed” mortuary contexts in a Greek colony. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that Illyrian and Greek individuals lived and were buried together at the Corinthian colony of Apollonia, Albania (established ca. 600 BC). The pattern of human biological interaction at Apollonia is tested by identifying variation in genetic relatedness using biodistance analysis of dental and cranial nonm…
Panel regression formulas for estimating stature and body mass from immature human skeletons
Evolution of dentition in prehistoric Ohio Valley Native Americans III. Metrics of deciduous dentition
Deciduous tooth size in Native Americans of the Ohio Valley area is fairly stable from the terminal Late Archaic (3200 BP) through the Late Prehistoric (350 BP) periods. Some fluctuation in average size did occur during this time. These fluctuations most likely reflect random changes due to gene drift. However, no difference in the pattern of interactions among the sizes of teeth (covariance structures) can be demonstrated during this period. Pri…
Under restrictive conditions, can the widths of linear enamel hypoplasias be used as relative indicators of stress episode duration
Linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH), a type of enamel defect reflecting nonspecific physiological stress, has traditionally been used by bioarchaeologists to assess human health. Initially, measurements of defect width were used to estimate the duration of stress episodes. More recently, methods of counting within‐defect perikymata (enamel growth increments) were developed to more accurately assess duration. Because perikymata are often not continuous…
Brief communication
This study employs metric and morphological features of the deciduous dentition for discriminating between European‐American and African‐American children and providing allocation rules (regression equations). Five logistic regression equations are presented, with the percentage of correct allocation to group of between 90.1–92.6%. All five equations employ three metric traits (the mesiodistal diameters of the mandibular deciduous canines and ant…
Cranial variation in the terminal Late Archaic of Ohio
Cranial and mandibular discrete traits and cranial metric traits were collected from 99–125 individuals in eight terminal Late Archaic sites. The analysis of ten metric traits in six samples showed that the samples shared the same generalized variance and that sexual dimorphism in the means of the metric traits was greater than inter‐site differences. Since these samples share the same size and shape expression of a complex set of polygenic trait…
Revisiting dental fluctuating asymmetry in neandertals and modern humans
Previous studies have suggested that Neandertals experienced greater physiological stress and/or were less capable of mitigating stress than most prehistoric modern human populations. The current study compares estimates of dental fluctuating asymmetry (DFA) for prehistoric Inupiat from Point Hope Alaska, the Late Archaic, and Protohistoric periods from Ohio and West Virginia, and a modern sample from Ohio to Neandertals from Europe and Southwest…
Dirty teeth and ancient trade
Analysis of ancient human dental calculus for the presence of inclusions related to diet and dental health has been overlooked in anthropological literature. Small particles of archaeobotanical debris, which would otherwise not be preserved in the archaeological record, can become incorporated into unmineralised plaque on teeth during mastication and oral manipulation. When plaque mineralises into calculus, debris is preserved in situ . Samples o…
Phenotypic selection on the dentition in a late archaic population of Ohio
Significant phenotypic selection acting on the buccolingual diameters of the permanent first and second molars is established for a Late Archaic population in Ohio. Directional selection appears to be acting on an index that increases the size of the maxillary first (UM1) and mandibular second (LM2) molars and decreases the size of the maxillary second (UM2) and mandibular first (LM1) molars. Variance selection is fundamentally disruptive but res…
Developmental abnormalities of the permanent dentition in prehistoric Ohio Valley Amerindians
The frequencies of developmental abnormalities in size, shape, number of teeth, and enamel formation are presented for a sample of 389 prehistoric Ohio Valley Amerindians from the following cultural complexes: Glacial Kame, Adena, Ohio Hopewell, Cole, Fort Ancient, and Erie (Whittlesey Focus). In addition, the magnitude of fluctuating asymmetry is determined for each tooth and for individuals of these groups. Tests of association indicate complex…
Path analysis of palmar ridge counts
The methods for path analysis of family resemblance (Rao et al., '74) are employed to test hypotheses concerning the inheritance of a‐b, b‐c and c‐d palmar ridge counts using the correlation data of Pateria ('74). Homogeneity chi‐square tests of the various familial correlations provide no evidence for sex‐linkage of either kind, and also suggest that maternal effects are absent. The path coefficient model employed here involves heritability (add…
A descriptive and comparative study of the deciduous dentition of prehistoric Ohio Valley Amerindians
The deciduous dentition of 58 individuals from groups of prehistoric Ohio Valley Amerindians (2,000 B.C.‐1,600 A.D.) was measured for antero‐posterior and bucco‐lingual dimensions and scored for morphological characteristics and macroscopic pathology. Only five dimensions of the posterior teeth and the frequency of severe linear enamel hypoplasia showed significant differences in the groups. In all cases focal agriculturalists exhibited smaller t…
Developmental abnormalities of the permanent dentition in prehistoric Ohio Valley Amerindians
The frequencies of developmental abnormalities in size, shape, number of teeth, and enamel formation are presented for a sample of 389 prehistoric Ohio Valley Amerindians from the following cultural complexes: Glacial Kame, Adena, Ohio Hopewell, Cole, Fort Ancient, and Erie (Whittlesey Focus). In addition, the magnitude of fluctuating asymmetry is determined for each tooth and for individuals of these groups. Tests of association indicate complex…
More on Hominid Sexual Dimorphism
The interaction of stressors in the induction of increased levels of fluctuating asymmetry in the laboratory rat
Recent studies on fluctuating dental asymmetry have isolated single stressors as causative agents. Since most stressors are composite in nature, the present study was designed to determine the effects of the interaction of stressors in the induction of fluctuating dental asymmetry. Pregnant rats were assigned to one of six treatment groups and stressed with various combinations of heat, cold, noise and protein deprivation. The levels of fluctuati…
Size and morphology of the permanent dentition in prehistoric Ohio Valley Amerindians
Metric and morphological characterizations of the permanent teeth from a total of 155 prehistoric Amerindians are presented. The individuals represent samples from three Ohio Valley burial complexes (considered together as the Late Diffuse group): Glacial Kame, Adena and Ohio Hopewell. Metric data include common measures of central tendency and dispersion. From these measures estimates and analyses of the magnitude of sexual dimorphism and relati…
On Canine Socket Breadth and Canine Crown Breadth
Hominid-Pongid Affinities
The Williams Cemetery
Comparisons of cranial and postcranial metrics and discrete triats among the Late Archaic, Western Basin Williams site and three Glacial Kame sites, Stratton-Wallace, Clifford Williams, and Muzzey Lake, show that these groups are indistinguishable with respect to shape variation but cluster according to cultural affiliation with respect to size variation. Because size variation corresponds to the geographical distribution of these sites a north (…
On the Classification of Homo
Cranial variation in the terminal Late Archaic of Ohio
Cranial and mandibular discrete traits and cranial metric traits were collected from 99–125 individuals in eight terminal Late Archaic sites. The analysis of ten metric traits in six samples showed that the samples shared the same generalized variance and that sexual dimorphism in the means of the metric traits was greater than inter‐site differences. Since these samples share the same size and shape expression of a complex set of polygenic trait…
Phenotypic selection on the dentition in a late archaic population of Ohio
Significant phenotypic selection acting on the buccolingual diameters of the permanent first and second molars is established for a Late Archaic population in Ohio. Directional selection appears to be acting on an index that increases the size of the maxillary first (UM1) and mandibular second (LM2) molars and decreases the size of the maxillary second (UM2) and mandibular first (LM1) molars. Variance selection is fundamentally disruptive but res…
Analysis of the Ft. Laurens, Ohio, skeletal sample
This report describes the analysis of the Colonial Period (1779) skeletal sample (N = 21) from Ft. Laurens, Ohio. The determination of age, sex, and ancestry reveals a relatively young sample ( x = 23.5 years) of males of northern European ancestry. Morphometric analysis shows little difference in cranial and postcranial size and shape measures between this sample and a modern sample of Euro‐Americans and previously described Colonial to Civil Wa…
Cranial metric and discrete trait variation and biological differentiation in the terminal Late Archaic of Ohio
Cranial metric and discrete traits were collected from adult individuals of the terminal Late Archaic Duff site cemetery (33 LO 111). Comparisons of cranial metric traits among eight terminal Late Archaic samples including the Duff site sample showed that all samples shared the same generalized variance and by inference the same pattern of shape variation. Some significant size differences were found but these were interpreted as reflecting only …
Stature estimation in prehistoric Native Americans of Ohio
In the present report we investigate stature estimation techniques in a sample of 64 (35 male, 29 female) prehistoric Native Americans from Ohio. Because living stature is unknown for these 64 individuals, we use Fully's (1956) anatomical method to provide the best estimates of living stature. In this method all osseous components of skeletal height are measured and soft tissue correction is added. Comparisons of regression equations commonly use…
An update on stature estimation in prehistoric native Americans of Ohio
We present regression equations to estimate skeletal height and stature for prehistoric Native Americans of Ohio. The regression equations are based on skeletal height as the dependent variable and various postcranial elements and combinations of elements as the independent variables. A total of 171 individuals, 95 males and 76 females, make up the sample. The present sample includes the 64 individuals we previously used for stature estimation (S…
Standardization of long bone growth in children
Diaphyseal lengths of long bones of juveniles from five prehistoric Native American populations were collected in order to test the hypothesis of equivalence of relative lengths of all long bones.Results indicate that the relative lengths of all long bones are not equivalent and that the long bones of the Native Americans exhibit a consistent, significant sequence from relatively most affected (relatively smallest) to relatively least affected (r…
Technical note
Technical note
Aging Medicine is an open access journal for international collaboration in multiple research disciplines across the aging sciences. The American Journal of Biological Anthropology is a physical anthropology publication, accepting evolutionary articles in bioarcheology, human & primate biology, & more
Dental evolution in prehistoric Native Americans of the Ohio valley area. I. Wear and pathology
Temporal patterns of tooth wear rates (loss of crown height) and dental pathologies (caries, abscess, and tooth loss) are estimated for 40 Native American populations of the upper Ohio River valley area ranging in time from the Late Archaic (ca. 3500 years BP) to Protohistoric times (ca. 350 years BP). Within this time span three ‘dental cultural ecological environments’ are recognized: high rates of wear, low frequencies of pathology (Late Archa…
Evolution of the dentition in prehistoric Ohio Valley Native Americans
In order to evaluate the microevolutionary dynamics of morphological features of the deciduous dentition, I collected data on the variation of 57 features (33 crown and 24 root) from prehistoric Ohio Valley populations. I sampled a total of 370 individuals from 26 populations representing a lineage that inhabited the middle and upper Ohio valley region from approximately 3000 to 350 BP. Evolutionary changes in the frequencies of morphological fea…
Human dental development, morphology, and pathology
Comparison of population structure in Ohio's late archaic and late prehistoric periods
Previous studies of population structure among prehistoric groups in the Ohio valley region have shown that hunting-gathering populations exhibited a different structure than horticultural populations. Among both Late Archaic hunter-gatherers and Late Prehistoric horticulturists, covariance structures for cranial metrics were found to be homogenous within the populations, but the Late Archaic subpopulations showed little differentiation while the…
Evolution of dentition in prehistoric Ohio Valley Native Americans III. Metrics of deciduous dentition
Deciduous tooth size in Native Americans of the Ohio Valley area is fairly stable from the terminal Late Archaic (3200 BP) through the Late Prehistoric (350 BP) periods. Some fluctuation in average size did occur during this time. These fluctuations most likely reflect random changes due to gene drift. However, no difference in the pattern of interactions among the sizes of teeth (covariance structures) can be demonstrated during this period. Pri…
Fluctuating asymmetry predicts human reactive aggression
Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) represents non‐directional deviations from perfect symmetry in morphological characters. Prenatal stressors contribute to the imprecise expression of symmetrical phenotypes and display of agonistic behavior in children and adults. Because prenatal stress affects neurological function and overt behavior, and FA is often used as a marker for prenatal stress, we hypothesized that high FA would be associated with elevated l…
Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (36 works) · Biology (31 works) · Geography (24 works) · Archaeology (23 works) · Medicine (21 works) · Demography (18 works) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (15 works) · Prehistory (15 works) · Population (14 works) · Dentistry (13 works)