Lawrence Friedman
Biographic Data
| ID | 79975 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Lawrence Friedman |
| GIVEN NAMES | Lawrence |
| FAMILY NAME | Friedman |
| SIGNATURE | FRIEDMAN L |
| AFFILIATIONS | 129B East 71st Street New York, NY 10021 |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 66 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 171 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 66 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1968 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2019 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
The Known Citizen
In a sense, privacy is a medium, like air; we live within its embrace, to varying degrees, from our earliest days until our last. Its existence allows us to negotiate and contextualize our political and personal connections—in our relationship with the state as citizens, and with each other in our day-to-day dealings. It is a barrier that mediates the extent to which each of us is known or unknown to those around us.Moreover, like the air itself,…
Project Accept
Freud's Papers on Technique and Contemporary Clinical Practice
Is there a Usable Heidegger for Psychoanalysts
Erich Fromm's Critical Theory
프로이트의 “회상, 반복 및 훈습” 논문에서 불연속적으로 구분되는 것과 연속적인 것에 관하여 (The Discrete and the Continuous in Freud’s “Remembering, Repeating and Working Through”)
프로이트의 “회상, 반복 및 훈습” 논문에는 분석가로 하여금 마음을 하나의 활동의 연속체로 생각하게 하는 한편, 동시에 마음에서의 존재물 (실재물) 들에 관해 생각하도록 촉구하게 하는 주요한 구절 두 개가 있다. 분석가가 환자의 연속적인 행동으로부터 불연속적으로 구분되는 기억들을 찾게 하는 그 구절은 도발적인 역설 (패러독스) 이지만, 정신분석적인 관습 속으로 쉽게 편입되었다. 그러나 반대 방향에서 보면, 분석가가 행한 불연속적으로 구분되는 해석들로부터 환자가 자신의 긴장된 경험의 연속까지를 통틀어서 환자 자신의 길을 찾아가는 묘사는 대부분이 주로 진부하기 짝이 없게 되어있다. 이러한 회피가 일어나는 실제적인 이유의 하나를 제시하려고 한다
The Lives of Erich Fromm
The Discrete and the Continuous in Freud’s “Remembering, Repeating and Working Through”
There are two crucial passages in Freud’s “Remembering, Repeating and Working Through” that require the analyst to think about entities in the mind while at the same time thinking about the mind as a continuum of activity. Although that is a challenging paradox, the passage that allows the analyst to find discrete memories in the patient’s continuous behavior was easily absorbed into psychoanalytic custom. In the reverse direction, however, the d…
Reply from Lawrence Friedman
Lawrence Friedman Responds to J. Todd Dean
A Holist’s Anxiety of Influence
Charles Brenner
To avoid certain errors in practice, Charles Brenner offered an holistic substitute for the Freudian structural model of the mind. He used the term compromise formation ambiguously to refer to both actions and states, so as to render unnecessary what he considered artificial, judgmental attitudes embodied in images of psychic structures. He believed that a theory of conflicting structures transforms the phenomenological drama of the patient’s act…
Freud’s Technique
Freudian techniquelibido theorystructural theorytransferencetherapeutic actionresistanceneurosis
A Renaissance for Freud’s Papers on Technique
The analyst depicted in Freud's Papers on Technique (1911-1915) struggles to split the patient's stubborn desire by reframing it as memory. In contrast, after the structural theory was adopted, analysts could picture themselves as liberating rather than struggling with patients, since their design was to show that the patient's fears are unrealistic. But North American analysts have come to doubt their ability to rule on what is and isn't realist…
Loewald
Is There Life After Enactment? The Idea of a Patient's Proper Work
All talking therapies profit from a patient's deliberate work in treatment, for a number of reasons, each of which deserves separate study and reflection. This is as true for psychoanalysis as for other psychotherapies. But in psychoanalysis the idea of a patient's deliberate work is paradoxical and problematic, bringing special overt and covert benefits, but also risking countertransference hazards like those associated with the notion of therap…
Respecting the Unity of Mind
Who Needs Theory of Therapeutic Action
(2007). Who Needs Theory of Therapeutic Action? The Psychoanalytic Quarterly: Vol. 76, No. sup1, pp. 1635-1662
The Delicate Balance of Work and Illusion in Psychoanalysis
One might say that the analyst counts on the patient's unconscious work, while conscious work is, to some extent, just one more thing to be deconstructed (analyzed). Analyst and patient, however, cannot avoid thinking that they are working on a common project, partly because the image of a mutual work distracts from the painfully uncertain illusion that the analyst is really offering a lasting, familial sort of bond, and partly because the sense …
What Is Psychoanalysis
Although we are now less inclined to argue about whose treatment is entitled to be called psychoanalysis, we will understand current debates better if we revisualize what originally made psychoanalysis different from other treatments. At its birth, psychoanalysis twisted the common-sense treatments it grew out of into very peculiar shapes. In reaction to that extreme peculiarity, a process of normalizing began almost immediately and continues to …
Flirting with Virtual Reality
Psychoanalysis encourages patients to experience a virtual reality of the psychoanalytic relationship, in which both image and wish can be experimented with. Originally, the patient's awareness was supposed to move back and forth between the virtual and the actual, in a flickering and uncertain fashion. That is uncomfortable, and analysts have often preferred the domain of virtuality or of actuality, or have denied the distinction altogether. Rec…
Challenges That Probe Our Premises
Is There a Special Psychoanalytic Love
Although the analyst's role mandates a degree of detachment, analysts have often said that they offer patients a special kind of love. They have tended to equate that love with understanding, thus neutralizing the paradox but also diluting the love. When something more resembling a loving affect is sought, the suggestions include the love a scholar feels for his subject, the love that accompanies immersion in great literature, and love that is se…
Response To Martha Nussbaum
Arnold Richards
Ferrum, Ignis, and Medicina
A Reading of Freud’s Papers on Technique
Freud's Papers on Technique (1911-1915) is the canonical description of the psychoanalytic procedure. It is a puzzling work because it is dominated by the original paradigm of treatment as memory-retrieval, while at the same time it introduces a new picture, more consistent with Freud's emerging theory of passions, according to which treatment is the stirring up and integration of wishes. I suggest that Papers on Technique becomes less puzzling i…
Why Is Reality a Troubling Concept
Many psychoanalysts assume that modern philosophy has revealed that objective reality is an illusion, and they take that as their starting point for discussing psychic reality and the direction of treatment. However, the philosophical argument for the antiobjectivist position, far from being a final truth, can be seen as a late echo of the age-old debate over whether it is possible to match unchanging general descriptions to the changing individu…
Trends in the Psychoanalytic Theory of Treatment
Freud considered understanding, attachment, and integration to be important factors in achieving treatment benefits. Subsequent discussions have not always embraced all three factors. It has been especially difficult to conceptualize the part played by the personal attachment of the patient to the analyst. A new, narrower focus on common, structure-building processes promises to show how all three factors are involved with each other in the treat…
The Barren Prospect of a Representational World
This is a criticism of the view that the term "representation" has a peculiarly tangible clinical referent, a unique phenomeriological meaning, and a special power to reveal subjective reality undistorted by theoretical constructs. Such a view is illegitimately encouraged by a tendency to think of "image" when we say "representation", even though we mean something more like "understanding", and by a tendency to treat understanding as though they …
What Is Psychoanalysis
Although we are now less inclined to argue about whose treatment is entitled to be called psychoanalysis, we will understand current debates better if we revisualize what originally made psychoanalysis different from other treatments. At its birth, psychoanalysis twisted the common-sense treatments it grew out of into very peculiar shapes. In reaction to that extreme peculiarity, a process of normalizing began almost immediately and continues to …
Flirting with Virtual Reality
Psychoanalysis encourages patients to experience a virtual reality of the psychoanalytic relationship, in which both image and wish can be experimented with. Originally, the patient's awareness was supposed to move back and forth between the virtual and the actual, in a flickering and uncertain fashion. That is uncomfortable, and analysts have often preferred the domain of virtuality or of actuality, or have denied the distinction altogether. Rec…
Modern Hermeneutics and Psychoanalysis
Contemporary hermeneutics tries to integrate our unique, local sense of things with overarching nature, often by celebrating the concrete phenomenology of the moment at the expense of scientific abstractions. But abstractions are unavoidable. Hermeneuticists point out that we are constantly making new abstractions. But the more optional and variable views, which we call subjective, depend on the old, reliable abstractions, such as time, space, su…
Potentiality Shrouded
An analyst often needs to feel that the integration he anticipates and provokes was already observed, fully present, in the patient. He can feel that way by cultivating an empathic sense that the patient's aspects and movements are inevitable and not chosen. A full theory of the mind, however, describes other possibilities. For that reason, it is sometimes useful to work with incomplete theories that omit descriptions of potentiality. These holis…
The Delicate Balance of Work and Illusion in Psychoanalysis
One might say that the analyst counts on the patient's unconscious work, while conscious work is, to some extent, just one more thing to be deconstructed (analyzed). Analyst and patient, however, cannot avoid thinking that they are working on a common project, partly because the image of a mutual work distracts from the painfully uncertain illusion that the analyst is really offering a lasting, familial sort of bond, and partly because the sense …
Overview
(1996). Overview: Knowledge and Authority in the Psychoanalytic Relationship. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly: Vol. 65, Knowledge and Authority in the Psychoanalytic Relationship, pp. 254-265
A Renaissance for Freud’s Papers on Technique
The analyst depicted in Freud's Papers on Technique (1911-1915) struggles to split the patient's stubborn desire by reframing it as memory. In contrast, after the structural theory was adopted, analysts could picture themselves as liberating rather than struggling with patients, since their design was to show that the patient's fears are unrealistic. But North American analysts have come to doubt their ability to rule on what is and isn't realist…
Who Needs Theory of Therapeutic Action
(2007). Who Needs Theory of Therapeutic Action? The Psychoanalytic Quarterly: Vol. 76, No. sup1, pp. 1635-1662
Is There a Special Psychoanalytic Love
Although the analyst's role mandates a degree of detachment, analysts have often said that they offer patients a special kind of love. They have tended to equate that love with understanding, thus neutralizing the paradox but also diluting the love. When something more resembling a loving affect is sought, the suggestions include the love a scholar feels for his subject, the love that accompanies immersion in great literature, and love that is se…
Charles Brenner
To avoid certain errors in practice, Charles Brenner offered an holistic substitute for the Freudian structural model of the mind. He used the term compromise formation ambiguously to refer to both actions and states, so as to render unnecessary what he considered artificial, judgmental attitudes embodied in images of psychic structures. He believed that a theory of conflicting structures transforms the phenomenological drama of the patient’s act…
Loewald
Is There Life After Enactment? The Idea of a Patient's Proper Work
All talking therapies profit from a patient's deliberate work in treatment, for a number of reasons, each of which deserves separate study and reflection. This is as true for psychoanalysis as for other psychotherapies. But in psychoanalysis the idea of a patient's deliberate work is paradoxical and problematic, bringing special overt and covert benefits, but also risking countertransference hazards like those associated with the notion of therap…
How and Why Do Patients Become More Objective? Sterba Compared with Strachey
What Richard Sterba described in his influential paper was not, as some have thought, a lasting alliance between patient and analyst but a momentary dissociative state, accompanying the analysis of transference resistance, in which the patient detaches himself from his strivings and views himself objectively before lapsing back into normal coherence. We also find in the paper a hinted answer to the vexing question of what motivates patients to en…
Hartmann’s “Ego Psychology and the Problem of Adaptation”
Hartmann's monograph is an argument for the problem-solving value of all aspects of the mind and for the subordination of intelligence to the organism's larger, primarily social purposes. Hartmann proposed that, in psychoanalytic treatment, intelligent reflection serves one's largest purposes by taking respectful account of non-rational but adaptive ways of appraising reality, with a view toward making the best use of non-rational as well as rati…
The Loewald Phenomenon
Pictures of Treatment by Gill and Schafer
Roy Schafer and Merton Gill evoke two historically distinguished images of psychoanalytic treatment, one showing analysis elaborating life histories, and the other picturing the analyst as stirring transference embers into flame. A close examination of their implied theories of therapeutic action suggests that they mainly differ on whether allusions to the analyst are often localized in certain gestures or are always uniformly distributed through…
Freud’s Technique
Freudian techniquelibido theorystructural theorytransferencetherapeutic actionresistanceneurosis
The Clinical Popularity of Object Relations Concepts
Object relations theory has the effect of supporting the psychoanalyst when he feels that the patient's effort is strongly opposed to his own. The current popularity of object relations theory may be related to the gradual disappearance from Freudian theory of a simple, clear image of an obligatory insistence by the patient that is useful even though it is unreflective. Object relations theory offers the practitioner a way of fortifying himself a…
A View of the Background of Freudian Theory
A major concern of nineteenth century scientists was to delineate the objective units or entities with which science deals. While some philosophers of science abandoned the search as futile and tried to redefine science, investigators in the biological sciences and the sciences of man attempted to discover new entities upon which to base their disciplines. A new understanding of hypnotism gave Freud the opportunity to isolate objective entities w…
Drives and Knowledge
Japan and the Psychopathology of History
Drives and Knowledge
The Promise of American Legal History
A View of the Background of Freudian Theory
A major concern of nineteenth century scientists was to delineate the objective units or entities with which science deals. While some philosophers of science abandoned the search as futile and tried to redefine science, investigators in the biological sciences and the sciences of man attempted to discover new entities upon which to base their disciplines. A new understanding of hypnotism gave Freud the opportunity to isolate objective entities w…
Reasons for the Freudian Revolution
Freud's revolution may be viewed as the discovery of a way of locating in the mind objective entities which can be studied like physical things. If Freud's is representative of scientific revolutions, perhaps what Thomas Kuhn has described as a change of paradigm might generally consist of the demonstration of new entities. This particular revolution occurred in the setting of a prevalent concern about the entities underlying all of the sciences.…
Piaget and Psychotherapy
It is difficult to apply Piaget's theory to psychotherapy because the place of affect in it is ambiguous. When the alternatives are considered, it seems most consistent with Piaget's ideas to regard both cognitive and affective phenomena as problem-solving organizations. Piaget's remarkable discoveries in the cognitive sphere are a consequence of the easy access in that sphere to the kind of problems that need solving, and the phasic development …
Trends in the Psychoanalytic Theory of Treatment
Freud considered understanding, attachment, and integration to be important factors in achieving treatment benefits. Subsequent discussions have not always embraced all three factors. It has been especially difficult to conceptualize the part played by the personal attachment of the patient to the analyst. A new, narrower focus on common, structure-building processes promises to show how all three factors are involved with each other in the treat…
The Barren Prospect of a Representational World
This is a criticism of the view that the term "representation" has a peculiarly tangible clinical referent, a unique phenomeriological meaning, and a special power to reveal subjective reality undistorted by theoretical constructs. Such a view is illegitimately encouraged by a tendency to think of "image" when we say "representation", even though we mean something more like "understanding", and by a tendency to treat understanding as though they …
The Data Monitoring Committee
Conducting a clinical trial usually requires reviewing various aspects of the trial, including the appropriateness of the protocol, the informed consent process, and subject compliance with the protocol; data accumulated during the course of the study must also be reviewed periodically. This latter activity, often referred to as data monitoring, is one of the primary functions assigned to the Data Monitoring Committee
The Humanistic Trend in Recent Psychoanalytic Theory
What seems at first to be a humanistic trend in recent psychoanalytic thinking may actually be the culmination of a holistic movement that began soon after Freud. As theory, it carries with it many built-in difficulties and requires implicit support from the partializing parent theory. In the shadow of that older theory, however, it makes a number of important contributions, including attention to meaning as made, not just discovered, and the imp…
Pictures of Treatment by Gill and Schafer
Roy Schafer and Merton Gill evoke two historically distinguished images of psychoanalytic treatment, one showing analysis elaborating life histories, and the other picturing the analyst as stirring transference embers into flame. A close examination of their implied theories of therapeutic action suggests that they mainly differ on whether allusions to the analyst are often localized in certain gestures or are always uniformly distributed through…
Potentiality Shrouded
An analyst often needs to feel that the integration he anticipates and provokes was already observed, fully present, in the patient. He can feel that way by cultivating an empathic sense that the patient's aspects and movements are inevitable and not chosen. A full theory of the mind, however, describes other possibilities. For that reason, it is sometimes useful to work with incomplete theories that omit descriptions of potentiality. These holis…
The Clinical Popularity of Object Relations Concepts
Object relations theory has the effect of supporting the psychoanalyst when he feels that the patient's effort is strongly opposed to his own. The current popularity of object relations theory may be related to the gradual disappearance from Freudian theory of a simple, clear image of an obligatory insistence by the patient that is useful even though it is unreflective. Object relations theory offers the practitioner a way of fortifying himself a…
Hartmann’s “Ego Psychology and the Problem of Adaptation”
Hartmann's monograph is an argument for the problem-solving value of all aspects of the mind and for the subordination of intelligence to the organism's larger, primarily social purposes. Hartmann proposed that, in psychoanalytic treatment, intelligent reflection serves one's largest purposes by taking respectful account of non-rational but adaptive ways of appraising reality, with a view toward making the best use of non-rational as well as rati…
A Reading of Freud’s Papers on Technique
Freud's Papers on Technique (1911-1915) is the canonical description of the psychoanalytic procedure. It is a puzzling work because it is dominated by the original paradigm of treatment as memory-retrieval, while at the same time it introduces a new picture, more consistent with Freud's emerging theory of passions, according to which treatment is the stirring up and integration of wishes. I suggest that Papers on Technique becomes less puzzling i…
How and Why Do Patients Become More Objective? Sterba Compared with Strachey
What Richard Sterba described in his influential paper was not, as some have thought, a lasting alliance between patient and analyst but a momentary dissociative state, accompanying the analysis of transference resistance, in which the patient detaches himself from his strivings and views himself objectively before lapsing back into normal coherence. We also find in the paper a hinted answer to the vexing question of what motivates patients to en…
Scientific Proceedings—Panel Reports; Classics Revisited
K. R. Eissler's (1953) “The Effect of the Structure of the Ego On Psychoanalytic Technique”
Richard Sterba's (1934) “The Fate of the Ego in Analytic Therapy”
Statutory Reform and the Incompetent Elderly
Two Panels on Interaction
Crime and Punishment in American History
Overview
(1996). Overview: Knowledge and Authority in the Psychoanalytic Relationship. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly: Vol. 65, Knowledge and Authority in the Psychoanalytic Relationship, pp. 254-265
The Loewald Phenomenon
Commentaries
Psychology (57 works) · Psychoanalysis (45 works) · Philosophy (36 works) · Epistemology (30 works) · Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications (26 works) · Psychoanalytic theory (22 works) · Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology (19 works) · Sociology (15 works) · Computer Science (11 works) · Social Psychology (11 works)