David R Jacobs
Biographic Data
| ID | 80130 |
|---|---|
| NAME | David R Jacobs |
| GIVEN NAMES | David R |
| FAMILY NAME | Jacobs |
| SIGNATURE | JACOBS D R |
| AFFILIATIONS | The Ohio State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7232-0543 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 141 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1878 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 141 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1977 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 24 |
Financial Strain Across 25 years and Men’s Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
This research utilizes Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort study data to examine whether financial strain is associated with subsequent lower urinary tract symptoms among men and whether healthcare barriers, health risk behaviors, and comorbid conditions explain this association. CARDIA recruited Black and White participants aged 18 to 30 years at baseline (1985–1986) from four United States cities. The analytic sampl…
Psychosocial risk and protective factors for men's lower urinary tract symptoms
This study is a secondary analysis of Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults data examining whether men's experience of psychosocial factors from baseline (1985-1986), when men were aged 18-30 years, through 25 years of follow-up (2010-2011) are associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in 2012-2013. Consistent with previous literature, adverse childhood family environment (OR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.07, 1.43) and depressive symptoms…
Prepregnancy Protein Source and BCAA Intake Are Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the Cardia Study
Diet quality and protein source are associated with type 2 diabetes, however relationships with GDM are less clear. This study aimed to determine whether prepregnancy diet quality and protein source are associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Participants were 1314 Black and White women without diabetes, who had at least one birth during 25 years of follow-up in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort stu…
Accelerated aging
We provide new evidence that accelerated aging based on easily measurable biomarkers may be a viable marker to partially explain how social factors can lead to cardiovascular outcomes and death
A Link to the Past
What social and political factors explain the presence of Stand-Your-Ground (SYG) laws in US. states? This paper assesses the influence of crime and violence prevalence, minority threat theory, and self-help theory on SYG law adoption using discrete-time event-history analysis. Our findings indicate that these laws are linked to a violent vigilante and racially animus past. We also find evidence for minority threat theory with minority presence p…
Racial differences in the association of accelerated aging with future cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality
We provide evidence that AccA is associated with future CVD
Education, Race/Ethnicity, and Causes of Premature Mortality Among Middle-Aged Adults in 4 US Urban Communities
Objectives. To assess causes of premature death and whether race/ethnicity or education is more strongly and independently associated with premature mortality in a diverse sample of middle-aged adults in the United States. Methods. The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study (CARDIA) is a longitudinal cohort study of 5114 participants recruited in 1985 to 1986 and followed for up to 29 years, with rigorous ascertainment of all deat…
Evaluating Longitudinal Associations Between Depressive Symptoms, Smoking, and Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease in the Cardia Study
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate associations between 15-year trajectories of co-occurring depressive symptoms and smoking with biomarkers of cardiovascular disease at year 15. METHODS: In the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, we modeled trajectories of depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale [CES-D]) and smoking (cigarettes per day [CPD]) among 3614 adults followed from year 0 (…
New approaches to cope with possible harms of low-dose environmental chemicals
Low-dose environmental chemicals including endocrine-disrupting chemicals can disturb endocrine, nervous and immune systems. Traditional chemical-focused approaches, strict regulation and avoidance of exposure sources, can help protect humans from individual or several chemicals in the high-dose range, but their value in the low-dose range is questionable. First, exposure sources to problematic environmental chemicals are omnipresent, and many co…
Racial differences in weathering and its associations with psychosocial stress
Biological age (BA) is a construct that captures accelerated biological aging attributable to "wear and tear" from various exposures; we measured BA and weathering, defined as the difference between BA and chronological age, and their associations with race and psychosocial factors in a middle-aged bi-racial cohort. We used data from the Coronary Artery Risk in Young Adults study (CARDIA), conducted in 4 U.S. cities from 1985-2016 to examine weat…
Measuring the Effect of Housing Quality Interventions
In New Zealand, as in many other countries, housing in the private-rental sector is in worse condition than in the owner-occupier housing sector. New Zealand residential buildings have no inspection regime after original construction signoff. Laws and regulations mandating standards for existing residential housing are outdated and spread over a range of instruments. Policies to improve standards in existing housing have been notoriously difficul…
Politics and Economic Stratification
What factors best explain the U.S. growth in economic stratification since the late 1970s? This research tests the power resource hypothesis with a pooled time-series analysis of income inequality. In a departure from prior research, the explanatory power of both national- and state-level political accounts is evaluated. By analyzing tax statistics, the authors isolate the factors that produce the largest gap in U.S. income distributions. Finding…
Fifteen-Year Prospective Analysis of Television Viewing and Adiposity in African American and Caucasian Men and Women
There are limited data from long-term prospective studies on the association between television (TV) viewing and obesity. We investigated this association between TV viewing and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WST) over 15 years on 3,269 participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. We used cross-lagged panel models at exam Years 5, 10, 15, and 20 over 15 years to assess the association betw…
Hormesis and public health
Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is linked to many chronic diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Among several possible mechanisms are gradual glutathione depletion and mitochondrial dysfunction after chronic exposure to very low doses of POP mixtures. However, it is biologically noteworthy that glutathione status and mitochondrial function is subject to hormesis, defined broadly as mild stress-induced stimulat…
Neighborhood Availability of Convenience Stores and Diet Quality
Objectives. We examined the association between neighborhood convenience stores and diet outcomes for 20 years of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. Methods. We used dietary data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study years 1985–1986, 1992–1993, and 2005–2006 (n = 3299; Birmingham, AL; Chicago, IL; Minneapolis, MN; and Oakland, CA) and geographically and temporally matched neighborhood-level food …
Population correlates of circulating mercury levels in Korean adults
Both dietary and non-dietary factors were associated with WBHg levels in the Korean population. There is significant geographic variation in WBHg levels; residents living in the mid-south have higher WBHg levels. We speculate that uncontrolled geographic characteristics, such as local soil/water content and specific dietary habits are involved
Minority Threat and Police Strength From 1980 to 2000
In 2005, Stephanie L. Kent and I published an article in this journal on the relationship between racial threat and police strength in large U.S. cities (Kent and Jacobs, 2005). The results were based on two-way fixed-effects pooled time-series analysis of these cities in 1980, 1990, and 2000. When another graduate student recently reexamined this data, he found a serous coding error and a few less critical variable discrepancies that may be attr…
A Test of Biological and Behavioral Explanations for Gender Differences in Telomere Length
The purpose of this study was to examine biological and behavioral explanations for gender differences in leukocyte telomere length (LTL), a biomarker of cell aging that has been hypothesized to contribute to women's greater longevity. Data are from a subsample (n = 851) of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, a population-based study of women and men aged 45 to 84. Mediation models were used to examine study hypotheses. We found that women…
Crime and Public Policy
Union Strength, Neoliberalism, and Inequality
Do historically contingent political accounts help explain the growth in family income inequality in the United States? We use time-series regressions based on 60 years to detect such relationships by assessing interactive associations between the neoliberal departure coincident with Ronald Reagan's election and the acceleration in inequality that began soon after Reagan took office. We find evidence for this and for a second contingent relations…
Changes in Waist Circumference and Body Mass Index in the Us Cardia Cohort
Prior studies examining the association between self-reported experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination and obesity have had mixed results and primarily been cross-sectional. This study tests the hypothesis that an increase in self-reported experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination predicts gains in waist circumference and body mass index in Black and White women and men over eight years. In race/ethnicity- and gender-stratified models, this …
Reproducibility of physical activity recall over fifteen years
PA recall from the distant past is moderately reproducible, but poor at the individual level, among young and middle aged adults
Economic inequality and ideological roll-call votes
The Determinants of the Number of White Supremacist Groups
What social and political conditions help explain the number of white supremacist groups? This study uses pooled time-series cross-sectional methods to assess the explanatory power of three racial threat accounts. First, since lynchings indicated intense animosity against blacks that may persist, anti-black hate groups should be especially numerous where lynching rates were substantial in the distant past. Second, where or when white political an…
Murder, political resources, and women's political success
The Political Sociology of the Death Penalty
Despite the interest in the death penalty, no statistical studies have isolated the social and political forces that account for the legality of this punishment. Racial or ethnic threat theories suggest that the death penalty will more likely be legal in jurisdictions with relatively large black or Hispanic populations. Economic threat explanations suggest that this punishment will be present in unequal areas. Jurisdictions with a more conservati…
Vigilantism, Current Racial Threat, and Death Sentences
Capital punishment is the most severe punishment, yet little is known about the social conditions that lead to death sentences. Racial threat explanations imply that this sanction will be imposed more often in jurisdictions with larger minority populations, but some scholars suggest that a tradition of vigilante violence leads to increased death sentences. This study tests the combined explanatory power of both accounts by assessing statistical i…
The Determinants of Deadly Force
Political or threat explanations for the state's use of internal violence suggest that killings committed by the police should be greatest in stratified jurisdictions with more minorities. Additional political effects such as race of the city's mayor or reform political arrangements are examined. The level of interpersonal violence the police encounter and other problems in departmental environments should account for these killing rates as well.…
The Politics of Punishment across Time and Space
Journal Article The Politics of Punishment across Time and Space: A Pooled Time-Series Analysis of Imprisonment Rates Get access David Jacobs, David Jacobs Ohio State University Direct correspondence about this manuscript to David Jacobs, Department of Sociology, 300 Bricker, 190 N. Oval Mall, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210. E-mail [email protected]. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Jason T. C…
Inequality and Police Strength
Conflict theorists have frequently argued that differences in economic resources give elites the ability to control the coercive apparatus of the state. Pronounced economic differences also provide elites with a strong need to maintain order so that ongoing relationships will not be disturbed. Because a strong police force is the most direct way to maintain order, one logical implication of conflict theory is that law enforcement personnel should…
Minority Threat and Police Strength From 1980 to 2000
Many studies have assessed threat theory by investigating the relationships between the size of minority populations and police strength. Yet these investigations analyzed older data with cross-sectional designs. This study uses a fixed-effects panel design to detect nonlinear and interactive relationships between minority presence and the per capita number of police in large U.S. cities in the last three census years. The findings show that the …
Toward a Political Model of Incarceration
This study examines yearly shifts in prison admissions since 1950. The effects of political and economic determinants are investigated with measures of economic inequality, political variables, and unemployment. The delayed effects of broken families are measured with a lagged moving average of out-of-wedlock births. The findings show that inequality due to the presence of the rich and past out-of-wedlock birth rates matter, but unemployment is n…
Inequality and Police Use of Deadly Force
Conflict theorists assume that force or its threat is the fundamental element that holds unequal societies together. Because conflict theorists also hold that the state's monopoly of violence is controlled by those who benefit from inequality, it follows that the control agents of the state should be more likely to use extreme force when economic inequality is most pronounced. This hypothesis was tested with data on the number of killings committ…
Interracial Conflict and Interracial Homicide
What factors lead to interracial killings? Because racial conflict explanations have been overlooked in the previous literature, this article studies the determinants of disaggregated interracial killing rates in 165 U.S. cities by testing economic, political, and social control accounts. After holding the probability of interracial contacts and the total murder rate constant, the results show that cities with a black mayor and greater economic c…
Racial Threat, Partisan Politics, and Racial Disparities in Prison Admissions
Why are racial disparities in imprisonment so pronounced? Studies of alternative outcomes in the criminal justice system find positive relationships between minority presence and punitive outcomes. Therefore, it is puzzling that the studies of racial incarceration ratios find negative relationships between this presence and such discrepancies. We use a pooled time‐series design to resolve this dilemma. Successful Republican attempts to link crime…
Union Strength, Neoliberalism, and Inequality
Do historically contingent political accounts help explain the growth in family income inequality in the United States? We use time-series regressions based on 60 years to detect such relationships by assessing interactive associations between the neoliberal departure coincident with Ronald Reagan's election and the acceleration in inequality that began soon after Reagan took office. We find evidence for this and for a second contingent relations…
Political Opportunities and African-American Protest, 1948-1997
Some contend that political opportunity theory is ad hoc, lacks clear measurement, and fails to distinguish opportunities from other conditions that contribute to protest. Others argue that the idea of “expanding opportunities” needs to be balanced by consideration of political threats. An annual time‐series approach is used to examine the frequency of African‐American protest in the United States from 1948 to 1997. Evidence of expanding opportun…
The Politics of Union Decline
Despite the close political regulation of union recognition disputes, sociologists have paid little attention to recent political determinants of success in these contests. A state-centered political-opportunity approach suggests that if conservative political officials can reduce the number of union recognition elections, union organization will be blocked. Partly because many labor scholars claim there was a postwar departure in labor movement …
The Political Context of Sentencing
Most studies of jail or prison sentence length focus on whether offender characteristics produce sentencing differentials after legal effects have been controlled, but the findings in the literature have not been consistent, probably because most studies have been based on a few jurisdictions. To see if political effects explain these discrepancies, this study of 337 jurisdictions in seven states analyzes interaction effects between external poli…
Community education for cardiovascular disease prevention
OBJECTIVES. The Minnesota Heart Health Program is a 13-year research and demonstration project to reduce morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease in whole communities. METHODS. Three pairs of communities were matched on size and type; each pair had one education site and one comparison site. After baseline surveys, a 5- to 6-year program of mass media, community organization, and direct education for risk reduction was begun in the edu…
Collective Outbursts, Politics, and Punitive Resources
This study tests racial threat and political explanations for yearly fluctuations in per capita spending on corrections since the early 1950s. Racial threats indicated by riots or by the presence of nonwhites do not account for changes in imprisonment rates, yet both threat conditions explain subsequent shifts in total spending on jails and prisons. Increases in the political strength of the Republican Party, past breakdowns in the family, and gr…
Racial/ethnic and gender differences in the association between self-reported experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination and inflammation in the Cardia cohort of 4 US communities
Is whole grain intake associated with reduced total and cause-specific death rates in older women? The Iowa Women's Health Study
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine whether nutrient-rich whole grains reduce mortality risk. METHODS: The study included 38,740 Iowa women, aged 55 to 69 years. A food frequency questionnaire was used to obtain data on grain intake. RESULTS: Median whole grain intake quintiles ranged from a median of 0.2 to more than 3 servings per day. Women with higher intakes had healthier lifestyles and less baseline disease. The total death rate decr…
Political Institutions, Minorities, and Punishment
Despite their plausibility, political explanations for incarceration rates have not been intensely investigated. Centralized democracies that reduce public influence by using corporatist methods to resolve disputes should have lower incarceration rates, but the opposite should be true in decentralized polities with federalist political arrangements where mass publics have greater control over punishment. Threat hypotheses are assessed by examinin…
Availability of Recreational Resources and Physical Activity in Adults
Objectives. Using data from a large cohort of adults aged 45 to 84 years-old, we investigated whether availability of recreational resources is related to physical activity levels. Methods. Data from a multiethnic sample of 2723 adult residents of New York City, NY; Baltimore, Md; and Forsyth County, NC, were linked to data on locations of recreational resources. We measured the availability (density) of resources within 0.5 (0.8 km), 1, 2, and 5…
Smoking and weight
The relationship between smoking and weight was examined in data of Lipid Research Clinic (LRC) Prevalence Study in Richfield, Minnesota. Weight was analyzed according to smoking status, age, and sex, holding constant self-perceived physical activity relative to others of the same age and sex. Our findings confirm that weight differences between smokers of 15-29 cigarettes a day (cig/day) and those who never smoked are noticeable in 20-39 year ol…
Politics and Economic Stratification
What factors best explain the U.S. growth in economic stratification since the late 1970s? This research tests the power resource hypothesis with a pooled time-series analysis of income inequality. In a departure from prior research, the explanatory power of both national- and state-level political accounts is evaluated. By analyzing tax statistics, the authors isolate the factors that produce the largest gap in U.S. income distributions. Finding…
Correlates of obesity in young black and white women
OBJECTIVES. Although differences in obesity between Blacks and Whites are well documented in adult women, less information is available on potential correlates of these differences, especially in young adults. METHODS. The association between behavioral and demographic factors and body size was assessed in 2801 Black and White women aged 18 to 30 years. RESULTS. Black women had significantly higher age-adjusted mean body mass index and subscapula…
The Politics of Resentment in the Post-Civil Rights Era
This study assesses whether racial and ethnic resentments still influence U.S. politics. Tests of hypotheses derived from minority threat theory and minority voting power stipulating quadratic relationships between minority presence and roll call votes for liberal legislation in the House of Representatives are conducted. In addition to these nonlinear associations, the political influence of the most menacing crime the public blames on underclas…
Inequality and the Legal Order
Some conflict theorists suspect that differences in economic resources give rise to legal outcomes reflecting the interests of powerful, affluent groups. Because property is one guarantee of the supremacy of an economic elite, I hypothesized that imprisonment for violation of the property codes would be more likely in political systems where unequally distributed resources favor influence by the affluent. States with a more unequal distribution w…
Assessment of Behavioral Risk for Coronary Disease by Voice Characteristics
Behavior characterization is increasingly used and studied in the pathogenesis and management of coronary disease. A specific behavior pattern called Type A has been found to be independently associated with fatal and nonfatal coronary disease. The assessment of Type A is made without quantitative guidelines based on verbal and nonverbal behaviors in a standardized interview. This study has attempted to make this classification solely on the basi…
A questionnaire for the assessment of leisure time physical activities
Compliance/Incentive Classifications of Organizations
A number of incentive-compliance classification systems have been developed to explain differences in the power and hold of organizations in relation to their mem bers. Terms such as "coercive," "normative," "purposive," "solidary," and "material incentive" are used to describe the incentive-compliance base. These classification systems partially overlap and use terms in different ways. A set of dimensions is introduced to substruct the property …
The Stigma of Poverty
Inequality and the Legal Order
Some conflict theorists suspect that differences in economic resources give rise to legal outcomes reflecting the interests of powerful, affluent groups. Because property is one guarantee of the supremacy of an economic elite, I hypothesized that imprisonment for violation of the property codes would be more likely in political systems where unequally distributed resources favor influence by the affluent. States with a more unequal distribution w…
On the Determinants of Class Legislation
The state controls many matters of conflict between labor and management. This study attempts to identify the social conditions that lead to laws which favor either side in their ongoing struggle for influence. Using a cross-sectional ecological design I found that political systems with more blacks were least likely to have public policies in the interest of the working class. Other relevant factors which had less consistent effects were the typ…
Inequality and Police Strength
Conflict theorists have frequently argued that differences in economic resources give elites the ability to control the coercive apparatus of the state. Pronounced economic differences also provide elites with a strong need to maintain order so that ongoing relationships will not be disturbed. Because a strong police force is the most direct way to maintain order, one logical implication of conflict theory is that law enforcement personnel should…
Inequality and Police Use of Deadly Force
Conflict theorists assume that force or its threat is the fundamental element that holds unequal societies together. Because conflict theorists also hold that the state's monopoly of violence is controlled by those who benefit from inequality, it follows that the control agents of the state should be more likely to use extreme force when economic inequality is most pronounced. This hypothesis was tested with data on the number of killings committ…
Frederick sommer
Other| October 01 1980 Frederick sommer: The Limits of Photography David Jacobs David Jacobs David L. jacobs is an assistant professor of humanities at Wayne State University, Detroit. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Afterimage (1980) 8 (3): 6–8. https://doi.org/10.1525/aft.1980.8.3.6 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Lin…
Dimensions of Inequality and Public Policy in the States
Marxism and the Critique of Empiricism
In Empiricism and the Critique of Marxism on Law and Crime, Piers Bierne (1979) attempts to show that some of the recent empirical tests of the conflict position on law and social control are misguided and worthless. The questionable aspects of his paper can be divided into two sections. First, he attempts to demonstrate that most of the empirical tests of the conflict position represent an incorrect version of Marxist thought. After this, he goe…
Ode to an Aesthete
Product Review| November 01 1981 Ode to an Aesthete Slave to Beauty: The Eccentric Life and Controversial Career of F. Holland Day—Photographer, Publisher, Aesthete by Estelle JussimDavid R. Godine/310 pp./$35.00 (hb) David Jacobs David Jacobs David Jacobs is an assistant professor of humanities at Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Afterimage (1981) 9 (4): 4–5. https:/…
Some Fundamental Misuses of Multiple Regression
Some Fundamental Misuses of Multiple Regression
Some Fundamental Misuses of Multiple Regression: A Response to Bailey Get access David Jacobs David Jacobs University of Maryland, Baltimore County Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 29, Issue 1, 1 October 1981, Pages 61–64, https://doi.org/10.2307/800078 Published: 30 July 2014
Smokers eat more, weigh less than nonsmokers
Smokers eat more, weigh less than nonsmokers. D R Jacobs, JrCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.71.8.859-a Published Online: October 07, 2011
Saliva thiocyanate
Denial and minimization in self-reports of cigarette smoking are probable common among youth and other groups where smoking is discouraged. Chemical measures may obtain more accurate measurement of smoking habits in those groups. One such measure, saliva thiocyanate (SCN), was evaluated in 1,419 eighth grade students. In that group, 54.9% of students admitted to regular smoking of greater than one pack/week had thiocyanates greater than or equal …
Smoking and weight
The relationship between smoking and weight was examined in data of Lipid Research Clinic (LRC) Prevalence Study in Richfield, Minnesota. Weight was analyzed according to smoking status, age, and sex, holding constant self-perceived physical activity relative to others of the same age and sex. Our findings confirm that weight differences between smokers of 15-29 cigarettes a day (cig/day) and those who never smoked are noticeable in 20-39 year ol…
Toward a Theory of Mobility and Behavior in Organizations
In this paper I will show that various positions within organizations put different limits on the relationship between individual performance and organizational success. Some of the consequences of these curvilinear relationships will be illustrated by describing three common types. After specifying the major determinants of these three types, I will use them to help explain four outcomes. The relationships provide an explanation for important as…
The Intracity Distribution of Services
Significant differences in the distribution of public resources among neighborhoods within the same municipality have been repeatedly reported in the literature. Previous researchers have generally concluded that these differences in the distribution of governmental benefits represent “unpatterned inequality” produced by idiosyncratic events and bureaucratic decision rules. This study of the distribution of municipal expenditures for public servi…
Competition, Scale and Political Explanations for Inequality
Explanations from the sectoral and political traditions are used in panel analyses to predict income inequality in the American states. Sectoral explanations which stress competition and the size of the employing unit are represented by a weighted index of concentration in manufacturing and by the percentage of workers in small enterprises. Democracy and the corresponding ability of those with low incomes to influence political outcomes is gauged…
Weight and sodium reduction for the prevention of hypertension
Ninety-three overweight adult males with labile blood pressure elevation participated in a 20-week dietary intervention program to achieve a 10 per cent reduction in body weight and a reduction in dietary sodium intake to 70 milliequivalents per day. By random assignment, half were treated with intensive group treatment procedures and half with individual counseling. Written handouts and assignments were identical, as was the schedule of treatmen…
Notes Toward A New Biography
Other| June 01 1984 Notes Toward A New Biography David Jacobs David Jacobs David Jacobs is associate professor of humanities at Wayne State University. © 1984 David Jacobs Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Afterimage (1984) 12 (1-2): 18–20. https://doi.org/10.1525/aft.1984.12.1-2.18 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedI…
Prevalence of overweight and weight loss behavior in a metropolitan adult population
Data from two major surveys, conducted in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area in 1973-74 and 1980-81, were used to estimate the prevalence of overweight. In 1980-81, weight history and the prevalence of dieting behaviors were also obtained. The prevalence of overweight was greater in the 1980-81 survey than in 1973-74. Increases were observed in all ages in women, but only in the 40-59 year age ranges in men. In 1980-81, dieting to control…
Citizen cardiopulmonary resuscitation training and use in a metropolitan area
To assess the prevalence and utility of citizen cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training, a systematic population-based sample of Minneapolis-St. Paul area adults, age 25-74 years, was interviewed in 1980-81. Twenty-three per cent were CPR trained. Of these, 13 percent have encountered out-of-hospital cardiac arrests and 38 per cent reported using their skills in such an emergency. Most of those performing out-of-hospital CPR (59 per cent) we…
Consumption of 'low-yield' cigarettes
To determine the use and possible health risks of low-yield cigarettes, we ascertained the cigarette brands and serum thiocyanate (SCN) levels of 2,561 adult smokers (age 25-74) in population-based samples of seven upper Midwestern communities during 1980-82. Brands were coded according to December 1981 Federal Trade Commission (FTC) ratings for "tar", nicotine, and carbon monoxide (CO). Compared to 1980 data from the National Center for Health S…
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