Andy Hochstetler
Biographic Data
| ID | 80650 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Andy Hochstetler |
| GIVEN NAMES | Andy |
| FAMILY NAME | Hochstetler |
| SIGNATURE | HOCHSTETLER A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Iowa State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2158-2620 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 22 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 241 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 22 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2001 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Qualitative Meta-Synthesis and the Study of Crime and Deviance
Qualitative meta-synthesis represents a fledgling but growing approach to reviewing qualitative literature, organizing findings, and developing theoretical approaches and emergent questions for new research. This article introduces the approach with a focus on describing the methods and choices in analysis and presentation that investigators will confront. In so doing, it uses the articles contained in this issue and additional work by the editor…
Geography of poly-substance drug mortality
There has been a rise in drug overdoses and death in recent years. We examine the spatial distribution of drug related deaths in the U.S., by typing places by multiple problem substances and predicting the types with potential covariates. Units of analysis are N = 3079 counties in the 48 conterminous United States. Drug death rates by substance are drawn from confidential cause-of-death mortality files from the National Vital Statistics System an…
Developing Criminal Propensity? Modeling Developmental Effects of the Code of the Street and Low Self-Control Over Time
The code of the street and low self-control are prominent theories of crime. However, there is no research that examines if these criminogenic dispositions inform each other over time. We utilize the G.R.E.A.T. data to analyze the development of street code adherence and low selfcontrol longitudinally. We find a portion of the stability associated with street code adherence and low self-control to be a product of measurement, as evidenced by corr…
The social organization of methamphetamine manufacturing
Code in Transition? The Evolution of Code of the Street Adherence in Adolescence
Using four waves (n = 2,385) from a student sample drawn in large U.S. cities, we examine the code of the streets' influence on criminal offending and conflict management. Key to the analysis is the theoretical notion that effects are most pronounced for those who believe in the code intractably. We perform Latent Class Analysis to identify adherence types and use Latent Transition Analysis to measure the individual change in street-code class me…
Adverse Childhood Experiences, Commitment Offense, and Race/Ethnicity
Adverse childhood experiences are associated with an array of health, psychiatric, and behavioral problems including antisocial behavior. Criminologists have recently utilized adverse childhood experiences as an organizing research framework and shown that adverse childhood experiences are associated with delinquency, violence, and more chronic/severe criminal careers. However, much less is known about adverse childhood experiences vis-à-vis spec…
It's a War Out There
Advancing restrictive deterrence
Cognition and Crime
Peaceful Warriors
Considerable theoretical and empirical inquiry has focused on the role codes for violence play in generating crime. A large part of this work has examined the attitudes and codes condoning retaliation and violence as well as the prevalence of these among minorities residing in impoverished neighborhoods. Much about the nature of codes remains unknown, however, and this may in part reflect a narrow interest in beliefs about provocation and uses of…
Inmates' Perceptions of the Benefits and Harm of Prison Interviews
We report here on inmates' experiences with participating in interview-based research to provide insights on the ethics and validity of research on prisoners. We interviewed 40 inmates to explore their reasons for participating in previous research, the benefits and harm they experienced, and whether they felt coerced into participation. Inmates report several benefits from participating in research, including psychological satisfactions, a respi…
Street Codes as Formula Stories
Recent developments in the study of narratives suggest that people can construct identity by referencing acculturated stories (i.e., formula stories) and often do so when explaining untoward behavior. Formula stories connect one's personal identity with generally accepted subcultural identities and the narratives associated with them. In light of this, it becomes clear that cultural codes (e.g., the code of the streets) provide structured storyli…
Group and solo robberies
We Weren't Like No Regular Dope Fiends
We investigate how participants in the street economy of crack cocaine construct a "hustler" identity by contrasting their social behaviors and styles with a dialectically contrastive crackhead identity. For those who are proximate to, or involved in, the crack cocaine economy, effort is required to avoid being labeled a crackhead. Would-be hustlers construct boundaries that separate them from others on the street through talk and behavior. We dr…
Prison Rioters
Investigation of individual inmates' characteristics are almost entirely absent from research of prison riots. The current study sought to fill this void using official infraction records and prison dossiers of 831 male inmates selected from the southwestern USA. Logistic regression models indicated that inmates who were cited for criminal infractions, such as theft, possession of weapons or drugs, threatening staff, and social risk factors were …
Importation, deprivation, and varieties of serving time
Gang members, career criminals and prison violence
The importation model posits that inmate behavior is primarily an extension of the assorted antisocial behaviors that criminal offenders develop in the community. Persons involved in gangs are viewed as especially at‐risk for prison misconduct. Using the official infraction records of 831 male inmates sampled from the southwestern USA, this study explored the prison violence records of inmates involved in street gangs, prison gangs and both types…
Self-control behind bars
Much empirical support of self-control theory is based on the 24-item scale conceptualized by Grasmick and his colleagues. This study examined the dimensionality of the scale. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analyses, and a structural equation model (SEM) produced results that are discordant with much prior research. The Grasmick et al. scale was not unidimensional, more complex theoretical iterations failed to meet most goodness…
Situational Construction of Masculinity among Male Street Thieves
Increasingly, theorists recognize that the influence of masculinity on decision making is situationally contingent and embedded in interactions. Using interviews with ninety-four male street thieves, the authors describe the situations that bring constructions of masculinity into the foreground of street crime. In certain situations, men are likely to engage in criminal behavior as a mechanism for constructing their masculinity. The authors find …
Differential association in group and solo offending
Sprees and Runs
Criminal decision-making researchers generally focus either on offenders' criteria for identifying promising targets or on how offenders' lifestyles condition crime's appeal. Obviously, significant events bridge offenders' routines and discrete criminal choices. However, researchers often neglect the immediate experiences and events that enact lifestyles in particular choices. Drawing on 110 accounts of criminal events by street thieves, this art…
Opportunities and Decisions
Street offenders more often than not are co‐offenders. The theoretical importance of understanding how co‐offending shapes conduct has been recognized for decades but is often ignored by investigators. Drawing from interviews with 50 male robbers and burglars who committed their crimes with others, this paper examines how interactional dynamics modify both the perception of criminal opportunities and criminal decision making. Offenders construct …
Peaceful Warriors
Considerable theoretical and empirical inquiry has focused on the role codes for violence play in generating crime. A large part of this work has examined the attitudes and codes condoning retaliation and violence as well as the prevalence of these among minorities residing in impoverished neighborhoods. Much about the nature of codes remains unknown, however, and this may in part reflect a narrow interest in beliefs about provocation and uses of…
Opportunities and Decisions
Street offenders more often than not are co‐offenders. The theoretical importance of understanding how co‐offending shapes conduct has been recognized for decades but is often ignored by investigators. Drawing from interviews with 50 male robbers and burglars who committed their crimes with others, this paper examines how interactional dynamics modify both the perception of criminal opportunities and criminal decision making. Offenders construct …
Importation, deprivation, and varieties of serving time
We Weren't Like No Regular Dope Fiends
We investigate how participants in the street economy of crack cocaine construct a "hustler" identity by contrasting their social behaviors and styles with a dialectically contrastive crackhead identity. For those who are proximate to, or involved in, the crack cocaine economy, effort is required to avoid being labeled a crackhead. Would-be hustlers construct boundaries that separate them from others on the street through talk and behavior. We dr…
Street Codes as Formula Stories
Recent developments in the study of narratives suggest that people can construct identity by referencing acculturated stories (i.e., formula stories) and often do so when explaining untoward behavior. Formula stories connect one's personal identity with generally accepted subcultural identities and the narratives associated with them. In light of this, it becomes clear that cultural codes (e.g., the code of the streets) provide structured storyli…
Situational Construction of Masculinity among Male Street Thieves
Increasingly, theorists recognize that the influence of masculinity on decision making is situationally contingent and embedded in interactions. Using interviews with ninety-four male street thieves, the authors describe the situations that bring constructions of masculinity into the foreground of street crime. In certain situations, men are likely to engage in criminal behavior as a mechanism for constructing their masculinity. The authors find …
Cognition and Crime
Inmates' Perceptions of the Benefits and Harm of Prison Interviews
We report here on inmates' experiences with participating in interview-based research to provide insights on the ethics and validity of research on prisoners. We interviewed 40 inmates to explore their reasons for participating in previous research, the benefits and harm they experienced, and whether they felt coerced into participation. Inmates report several benefits from participating in research, including psychological satisfactions, a respi…
Group and solo robberies
Advancing restrictive deterrence
Differential association in group and solo offending
Sprees and Runs
Criminal decision-making researchers generally focus either on offenders' criteria for identifying promising targets or on how offenders' lifestyles condition crime's appeal. Obviously, significant events bridge offenders' routines and discrete criminal choices. However, researchers often neglect the immediate experiences and events that enact lifestyles in particular choices. Drawing on 110 accounts of criminal events by street thieves, this art…
It's a War Out There
Code in Transition? The Evolution of Code of the Street Adherence in Adolescence
Using four waves (n = 2,385) from a student sample drawn in large U.S. cities, we examine the code of the streets' influence on criminal offending and conflict management. Key to the analysis is the theoretical notion that effects are most pronounced for those who believe in the code intractably. We perform Latent Class Analysis to identify adherence types and use Latent Transition Analysis to measure the individual change in street-code class me…
Opportunities and Decisions
Street offenders more often than not are co‐offenders. The theoretical importance of understanding how co‐offending shapes conduct has been recognized for decades but is often ignored by investigators. Drawing from interviews with 50 male robbers and burglars who committed their crimes with others, this paper examines how interactional dynamics modify both the perception of criminal opportunities and criminal decision making. Offenders construct …
Differential association in group and solo offending
Sprees and Runs
Criminal decision-making researchers generally focus either on offenders' criteria for identifying promising targets or on how offenders' lifestyles condition crime's appeal. Obviously, significant events bridge offenders' routines and discrete criminal choices. However, researchers often neglect the immediate experiences and events that enact lifestyles in particular choices. Drawing on 110 accounts of criminal events by street thieves, this art…
Self-control behind bars
Much empirical support of self-control theory is based on the 24-item scale conceptualized by Grasmick and his colleagues. This study examined the dimensionality of the scale. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analyses, and a structural equation model (SEM) produced results that are discordant with much prior research. The Grasmick et al. scale was not unidimensional, more complex theoretical iterations failed to meet most goodness…
Situational Construction of Masculinity among Male Street Thieves
Increasingly, theorists recognize that the influence of masculinity on decision making is situationally contingent and embedded in interactions. Using interviews with ninety-four male street thieves, the authors describe the situations that bring constructions of masculinity into the foreground of street crime. In certain situations, men are likely to engage in criminal behavior as a mechanism for constructing their masculinity. The authors find …
Gang members, career criminals and prison violence
The importation model posits that inmate behavior is primarily an extension of the assorted antisocial behaviors that criminal offenders develop in the community. Persons involved in gangs are viewed as especially at‐risk for prison misconduct. Using the official infraction records of 831 male inmates sampled from the southwestern USA, this study explored the prison violence records of inmates involved in street gangs, prison gangs and both types…
Importation, deprivation, and varieties of serving time
Prison Rioters
Investigation of individual inmates' characteristics are almost entirely absent from research of prison riots. The current study sought to fill this void using official infraction records and prison dossiers of 831 male inmates selected from the southwestern USA. Logistic regression models indicated that inmates who were cited for criminal infractions, such as theft, possession of weapons or drugs, threatening staff, and social risk factors were …
We Weren't Like No Regular Dope Fiends
We investigate how participants in the street economy of crack cocaine construct a "hustler" identity by contrasting their social behaviors and styles with a dialectically contrastive crackhead identity. For those who are proximate to, or involved in, the crack cocaine economy, effort is required to avoid being labeled a crackhead. Would-be hustlers construct boundaries that separate them from others on the street through talk and behavior. We dr…
Group and solo robberies
Street Codes as Formula Stories
Recent developments in the study of narratives suggest that people can construct identity by referencing acculturated stories (i.e., formula stories) and often do so when explaining untoward behavior. Formula stories connect one's personal identity with generally accepted subcultural identities and the narratives associated with them. In light of this, it becomes clear that cultural codes (e.g., the code of the streets) provide structured storyli…
Peaceful Warriors
Considerable theoretical and empirical inquiry has focused on the role codes for violence play in generating crime. A large part of this work has examined the attitudes and codes condoning retaliation and violence as well as the prevalence of these among minorities residing in impoverished neighborhoods. Much about the nature of codes remains unknown, however, and this may in part reflect a narrow interest in beliefs about provocation and uses of…
Inmates' Perceptions of the Benefits and Harm of Prison Interviews
We report here on inmates' experiences with participating in interview-based research to provide insights on the ethics and validity of research on prisoners. We interviewed 40 inmates to explore their reasons for participating in previous research, the benefits and harm they experienced, and whether they felt coerced into participation. Inmates report several benefits from participating in research, including psychological satisfactions, a respi…
Advancing restrictive deterrence
Cognition and Crime
Adverse Childhood Experiences, Commitment Offense, and Race/Ethnicity
Adverse childhood experiences are associated with an array of health, psychiatric, and behavioral problems including antisocial behavior. Criminologists have recently utilized adverse childhood experiences as an organizing research framework and shown that adverse childhood experiences are associated with delinquency, violence, and more chronic/severe criminal careers. However, much less is known about adverse childhood experiences vis-à-vis spec…
It's a War Out There
Code in Transition? The Evolution of Code of the Street Adherence in Adolescence
Using four waves (n = 2,385) from a student sample drawn in large U.S. cities, we examine the code of the streets' influence on criminal offending and conflict management. Key to the analysis is the theoretical notion that effects are most pronounced for those who believe in the code intractably. We perform Latent Class Analysis to identify adherence types and use Latent Transition Analysis to measure the individual change in street-code class me…
The social organization of methamphetamine manufacturing
Developing Criminal Propensity? Modeling Developmental Effects of the Code of the Street and Low Self-Control Over Time
The code of the street and low self-control are prominent theories of crime. However, there is no research that examines if these criminogenic dispositions inform each other over time. We utilize the G.R.E.A.T. data to analyze the development of street code adherence and low selfcontrol longitudinally. We find a portion of the stability associated with street code adherence and low self-control to be a product of measurement, as evidenced by corr…
Geography of poly-substance drug mortality
There has been a rise in drug overdoses and death in recent years. We examine the spatial distribution of drug related deaths in the U.S., by typing places by multiple problem substances and predicting the types with potential covariates. Units of analysis are N = 3079 counties in the 48 conterminous United States. Drug death rates by substance are drawn from confidential cause-of-death mortality files from the National Vital Statistics System an…
Qualitative Meta-Synthesis and the Study of Crime and Deviance
Qualitative meta-synthesis represents a fledgling but growing approach to reviewing qualitative literature, organizing findings, and developing theoretical approaches and emergent questions for new research. This article introduces the approach with a focus on describing the methods and choices in analysis and presentation that investigators will confront. In so doing, it uses the articles contained in this issue and additional work by the editor…
Psychology (19 works) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (16 works) · Criminology (16 works) · Social Psychology (14 works) · Sociology (12 works) · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis (11 works) · Social Psychology (11 works) · Computer Science (10 works) · Medicine (6 works) · Political science (6 works)