Terry Sunderland
Biographic Data
| ID | 80743 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Terry Sunderland |
| GIVEN NAMES | Terry |
| FAMILY NAME | Sunderland |
| SIGNATURE | SUNDERLAND T |
| AFFILIATIONS | Center for International Forestry Research |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1985-9849 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 52 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 389 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 52 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2004 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
The relationship between Indigenous Peoples' lands and conservation
A growing body of peer‐reviewed literature is focused on the relationship between Indigenous Peoples' lands (Indigenous lands) and conservation outcomes. We performed a systematic review of this English reported peer‐reviewed literature ( n = 111) to examine: the key characteristics; the conservation outcomes documented; the methods used in these studies; and the factors that can shape the effectiveness of Indigenous lands compared to other land …
Integrated Landscape Approaches
Landscape approaches mobilize stakeholders across sectors and scales to negotiate development–conservation trade-offs and land-use allocation. Building on the concept of earth system justice, we examine how efforts to operationalize such approaches in Ghana, Zambia and Indonesia advance landscape justice. We observed contributions to procedural, recognitional and intergenerational justice, while interspecies justice remains overlooked. Yet, power…
Forests and Food
From conflict to collaboration through inclusive landscape governance
We report on a multistakeholder negotiation process to develop a theory of change. • Drivers of landscape change and barriers to reconciling conflicting aims identified. • Stakeholders agree on a shared vision of inclusive landscape governance. • Short- to long-term goals and activities identified for a pathway of change. • State actors influence the pathway of change more than community representatives. The Western Wildlife Corridor (WWC) in Gha…
The Hybridisation, Resilience, and Loss of Local Knowledge and Natural Resource Management in Zambia
The contribution of Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) to natural resource management has recently gained increasing prominence in academia, policymaking, and civil society. However, persistent knowledge gaps concerning the contribution of ILK to sustainable landscape management remain. We investigate existing local knowledge and practices of the Tonga of Kalomo District, Zambia, and their contribution to sustainable landscape management by com…
A call for a wider perspective on sustainable forestry
Global demand for timber is projected to grow and much of this timber will continue to be sourced from natural forests. As these forests, particularly in the tropics, tend to be inhabited by the world's most marginalized communities, the social impacts of logging require more attention within policy, practice and research. This Introduction to the Special Issue of International Forestry Review on The Social Impacts of Logging compiles evidence th…
Reforestation, livelihoods and income equality
Despite global momentum in restoration activities, their socio‐economic implications are little studied. Thus far, the limited evidence available tends to overlook equity and equality outcomes. In this work, we aimed at investigating fairness within the Chinese Conversion of Cropland to Forest Program (CCFP), given the relevance of local people's support for the long‐term success of land restoration and for the inherent belief that equity should …
Participatory mapping of ecosystem services across a gradient of agricultural intensification in West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Agrarian change affects the supply and demand of ecosystem services (ES) by reducing the extent of natural ecosystems. Agricultural intensification can lead to changes in land covers and livelihood opportunities and it remains unclear how such changes align or misalign with the desires of local communities. Using participatry mapping, we assessed ES uses and desires of Indigenous people and local communities provided by different land cover types…
Relational values of forests
Studies found that rapid decline of biodiversity and ecosystems globally have adversely affected an estimated 1.6 billion rural people whose livelihoods both directly and indirectly depend on forests. To halt the loss of forests and other natural ecosystems that simultaneously support rural livelihoods, various external programmes have been developed and applied, including market‐based and rights‐based approaches. However, rapid biodiversity and …
Local knowledge and practices among Tonga people in Zambia and Zimbabwe
There is increasing recognition of the role of Indigenous and local knowledge systems in sustainable land use and conservation practices. However, the evidence base remains fragmented, while local knowledge remains marginalised in many national biodiversity strategies and development plans. This applies to the Tonga people of Zambia and Zimbabwe. Here, we synthesise existing evidence of Tonga knowledge and practices to explore their potential con…
Towards more inclusive community landscape governance
Community-based approaches to landscape governance are considered more legitimate, equitable, and inclusive ways to manage natural resources and more effective in achieving conservation and livelihood goals than centralised and top-down approaches. In Ghana, the Wildlife Division of the Forestry Commission devolved decision-making authority over natural resources through the Community Resource Management Area (CREMA) governance system. While ther…
Multistakeholder platforms for integrated landscape governance
Multistakeholder platforms (MSPs) that bring together a range of actors to collaboratively address land and natural resource governance issues are increasingly common in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the extent to which such platforms effectively harmonise complex social-ecological challenges and deliver improved outcomes is poorly understood. This study examines how MSPs across different scales of governance in Zambia have influenced and facilita…
Strategy games to improve environmental policymaking
Drivers of Biodiversity Conservation in Sacred Groves
Globally, sacred groves represent a traditional form of community-based conservation, recognized as areas of cultural and religious importance to local people. In some cases, the entire community guards against the desecration of, or unauthorized access to, such sites, either by its members or outsiders; in others, non-recognition of customary rights is linked to degradation. This paper uses the case study of three sacred groves in southwest Nige…
Co-producing theory of change to operationalize integrated landscape approaches
Integrated landscape approaches that engage diverse stakeholder groups in landscape governance are increasingly promoted to address linked social-ecological challenges in tropical landscapes. Recent research suggests that a transdisciplinary approach to landscape management can help identify common research needs, enhance knowledge co-production, guide evidence-based policy development, and harmonize cross-sectorial integration. Meanwhile, guidin…
Learning from Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) in Ghana and Zambia
Land use in much of sub-Saharan Africa is dominated by legislative frameworks based on a strong colonial legacy, focusing strongly on state control and minimal devolution of management responsibilities to local communities. However, attempts to reconcile conservation and socio-economic development by increasing stakeholder engagement in community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) have been undertaken since the late 1980s. Based on a revie…
More people, more trees
Despite global commitments to forest restoration, evidence of the pathways through which restoration creates social and ecological benefits remains limited. The objective of this paper is to provide empirical evidence to generate insights on the relationship between forest cover change and key provisioning ecosystem services and reforestation pathways. In Southern Ethiopia, three zones along a gradient of decreasing land cover complexity and tree…
Assessing land use changes and livelihood outcomes of rural people in the Chittagong Hill Tracts region, Bangladesh
Land use change is a pressing concern for the livelihoods of people in tropical developing countries. Changes in land use from swidden (shifting cultivation) agriculture to smallholder tree‐dominated areas producing timber, fruits and cash crops can result in changing livelihood outcomes for rural communities. This paper examines land use patterns of rural households and the association with food production and income across three different zones…
Coping or adapting? Experiences of food and nutrition insecurity in specialised fishing households in Komodo District, eastern Indonesia
Households in specialised fishing communities in Komodo District consumed diets with low diversity and experienced high levels of food insecurity. There is a need for culturally-appropriate nutrition-sensitive strategies to enhance food and nutrition security in vulnerable fishing communities
Forests, trees and poverty alleviation
Asynchronous carbon sink saturation in African and Amazonian tropical forests
The extent and distribution of joint conservation-development funding in the tropics
Despite ongoing debates about the viability of sustaining economic growth while maintaining environmental integrity, international sustainability agendas increasingly propose reconciling socio-economic development and global environmental goals. Achieving these goals is impeded by limited funding and a lack of information on where financial flows to integrate environment and development are targeted. We analyze World Bank and Global Environment F…
Reconnecting society with its ecological roots
Meeting the food security challenge for nine billion people in 2050
Majority forecasts for feeding the future global population predict an increase in a croplands at the expense of forests and pastures. • A third of the forecasts shows that it is feasible to halt further agricultural expansion and mitigate climate change. • Policy that provides economic incentives for carbon stock conservation and enhancement is the only effective option to reverse the trend of forest loss
Commercialisation of non-timber forest products in Africa
Challenging Perceptions about Men, Women, and Forest Product Use
This study uses a multi-case dataset to question current assumptions about the gender differentiation of forest product use. We test some of the commonly held ideas on how men and women access, manage, and use different forest products. Overall, we found significant gender differentiation in the collection of forest products, which seems to support the claim that there are distinctive "male" and "female" roles associated with the collection of fo…
Improving diets with wild and cultivated biodiversity from across the landscape
This paper examines the literature on how biodiversity contributes to improved and diversified diets in developing countries. We assess the current state of evidence on how wild and cultivated biodiversity in all forms is related to healthy diets and nutrition, and examine how economic factors, knowledge and social norms interact with availability of biodiversity to influence both production and consumption choices. The paper identifies areas whe…
Getting Redd to work locally
Dietary quality and tree cover in Africa
The relationship between forests and human nutrition is not yet well understood. A better understanding of this relationship is vital at a time when the majority of new land for agriculture is being cleared from forests. We use Demographic Health Survey data on food consumption for children from 21 African countries and Global Land Cover Facility tree cover data to examine the relationship between tree cover and three key indicators of nutritiona…
Bridging funding gaps for climate and sustainable development
In a world where natural capital is often unpriced or undervalued, thus making resource exploitation very lucrative, environmentally degrading activities will continue to dominate the economy. The past decade has seen a bourgeoning interest in scaling up private investment to address persistent socioeconomic and environmental challenges globally. The recently formulated sustainable development goals and global climate agenda have further heighten…
Forest Clearing in Rural Livelihoods
This paper examines the factors that influence rural household decisions to clear forestland. We use a large dataset comprising 7172 households from 24 developing countries. Twenty-seven percent of sampled households had converted forest to agriculture during the previous 12 months, clearing on average 1.21 ha. Male-headed households with abundance of male labor, living in recently settled places with high forest cover, unsurprisingly tended to c…
Markets Drive the Specialization Strategies of Forest Peoples
Ruiz-Pérez, M., B. Belcher, R. Achdiawan, M. Alexiades, C. Aubertin, J. Caballero, B. Campbell, C. Clement, T. Cunningham, A. Fantini, H. De Foresta, C. García Fernández, K. H. Gautam, P. Hersch Martínez, W. De Jong, K. Kusters, M. Kutty, C. López, M. Fu, M. Martínez Alfaro, T. Nair, O. Ndoye, R. Ocampo, N. Rai, M. Ricker, K. Schreckenberg, S. Shackleton, P. Shanley, T. Sunderland and Y. Youn 2004. Markets drive the specialization strategies of f…
Measuring the effectiveness of landscape approaches to conservation and development
Trees for life
Despite expanding interest in ecosystem service research over the past three decades, in-depth understanding of the contribution of forests and trees to food production and livelihoods remains limited. This review synthesizes the current evidence base examining the contribution of forest and trees to agricultural production and livelihoods in the tropics, where production often occurs within complex land use mosaics that are increasingly subjecte…
Landscape approaches; what are the pre-conditions for success
Have integrated landscape approaches reconciled societal and environmental issues in the tropics
Landscape approaches to integrated land management have recently gained considerable attention in the scientific literature and international fora. The approach is gaining increasing support at governmental and intergovernmental levels, as well as being embraced by a host of international research and development agencies. In an attempt to determine whether, and how, these approaches compare with previous conservation and development paradigms, w…
Landscapes of Social Inclusion
A methodological approach for assessing cross-site landscape change
The expansion of agriculture has resulted in large-scale habitat loss, the fragmentation of forests, significant losses in biological diversity and negative impacts on many ecosystem services. In this paper, we highlight the Agrarian Change Project, a multi-disciplinary research initiative, that applies detailed socio-ecological methodologies in multi-functional landscapes, and assess the subsequent implications for conservation, livelihoods and …
Meeting the food security challenge for nine billion people in 2050
Majority forecasts for feeding the future global population predict an increase in a croplands at the expense of forests and pastures. • A third of the forecasts shows that it is feasible to halt further agricultural expansion and mitigate climate change. • Policy that provides economic incentives for carbon stock conservation and enhancement is the only effective option to reverse the trend of forest loss
Integrated landscape approaches in the tropics
Continued overexploitation of natural resources and the associated impacts of climate change threaten the sustainability and biodiversity of our global social-ecological systems. ‘Integrated landscape approaches’ are governance strategies that attempt to reconcile multiple and conflicting land-use claims to harmonize the needs of people and the environment and establish more sustainable and equitable multi-functional landscapes. Such approaches h…
A policy nexus approach to forests and the SDGs
Co-producing theory of change to operationalize integrated landscape approaches
Integrated landscape approaches that engage diverse stakeholder groups in landscape governance are increasingly promoted to address linked social-ecological challenges in tropical landscapes. Recent research suggests that a transdisciplinary approach to landscape management can help identify common research needs, enhance knowledge co-production, guide evidence-based policy development, and harmonize cross-sectorial integration. Meanwhile, guidin…
Towards productive landscapes
One of the main causes of tropical forest loss is conversion to agriculture, which is constantly increasing as a dominant land cover in the tropics. The loss of forests greatly affects biodiversity and ecosystem services. This paper assesses the economic return from increasing tree cover in agricultural landscapes in two tropical locations, West Java, Indonesia and eastern Bangladesh. Agroforestry systems are compared with subsistence seasonal fo…
Whose Consent? Hunter-Gatherers and Extractive Industries in the Northeastern Philippines
There is increasing international recognition of indigenous peoples’ right to influence development activities in their territories. Free, Prior and Informed Consent is the strongest available instrument to assert this right, and this article provides a case study on its implementation in the northeastern Philippines. Under the Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act of 1997 National Commission on Indigenous Peoples . 1997 . Republic Act No. 8371/Indigeno…
Forests, trees and poverty alleviation
From conflict to collaboration through inclusive landscape governance
We report on a multistakeholder negotiation process to develop a theory of change. • Drivers of landscape change and barriers to reconciling conflicting aims identified. • Stakeholders agree on a shared vision of inclusive landscape governance. • Short- to long-term goals and activities identified for a pathway of change. • State actors influence the pathway of change more than community representatives. The Western Wildlife Corridor (WWC) in Gha…
The Hybridisation, Resilience, and Loss of Local Knowledge and Natural Resource Management in Zambia
The contribution of Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) to natural resource management has recently gained increasing prominence in academia, policymaking, and civil society. However, persistent knowledge gaps concerning the contribution of ILK to sustainable landscape management remain. We investigate existing local knowledge and practices of the Tonga of Kalomo District, Zambia, and their contribution to sustainable landscape management by com…
Towards more inclusive community landscape governance
Community-based approaches to landscape governance are considered more legitimate, equitable, and inclusive ways to manage natural resources and more effective in achieving conservation and livelihood goals than centralised and top-down approaches. In Ghana, the Wildlife Division of the Forestry Commission devolved decision-making authority over natural resources through the Community Resource Management Area (CREMA) governance system. While ther…
Strategy games to improve environmental policymaking
Drivers of Biodiversity Conservation in Sacred Groves
Globally, sacred groves represent a traditional form of community-based conservation, recognized as areas of cultural and religious importance to local people. In some cases, the entire community guards against the desecration of, or unauthorized access to, such sites, either by its members or outsiders; in others, non-recognition of customary rights is linked to degradation. This paper uses the case study of three sacred groves in southwest Nige…
Markets Drive the Specialization Strategies of Forest Peoples
Ruiz-Pérez, M., B. Belcher, R. Achdiawan, M. Alexiades, C. Aubertin, J. Caballero, B. Campbell, C. Clement, T. Cunningham, A. Fantini, H. De Foresta, C. García Fernández, K. H. Gautam, P. Hersch Martínez, W. De Jong, K. Kusters, M. Kutty, C. López, M. Fu, M. Martínez Alfaro, T. Nair, O. Ndoye, R. Ocampo, N. Rai, M. Ricker, K. Schreckenberg, S. Shackleton, P. Shanley, T. Sunderland and Y. Youn 2004. Markets drive the specialization strategies of f…
Are Central Africa′s Protected Areas Displacing Hundreds of Thousands of Rural Poor
An ongoing debate over the impacts of protected areas on rural communities in central Africa has become increasingly polarized in recent years, even as deÞ nitions of displacement have shifted from outright expulsion to economic dislocation precipitated by lost access to natural resources. Although forcible removal of communities to make way for the creation of National Parks has certainly occurred in the past in some parts of the world, we conte…
Response to ′Is the Displacement of People from Parks only ′Purported′ or is it Real?′ (Schmidt-Soltau 2009)
The Center for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF) harnesses the power of trees, forests and agroforestry landscapes to address the most pressing global challenges of our time – biodiversity loss, climate change, food security, livelihoods and inequity. CIFOR and ICRAF are CGIAR Research Centers
Getting Redd to work locally
A Review of Two Payment Schemes for Watershed Services from China and Vietnam
Kolinjivadi, V. K., and T. Sunderland. 2012. A review of two payment schemes for watershed services from China and Vietnam: the interface of government control and PES theory. Ecology and Society 17(4): 10. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-05057-170410
Landless Farmers, Sly Opportunists, and Manipulated Voters
The Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park in southern Sumatra (Indonesia) has been on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites since 2004. Home to tigers, elephants, and rare Sumatran rhinos, the Park is also home to numerous squatters since the early 1970s. Part of the Park was restored after forcible evictions in the 1980s. However, since the end of General Suharto's authoritarian rule in 1998, the number of squatters has been on the increase. Thi…
Whose Consent? Hunter-Gatherers and Extractive Industries in the Northeastern Philippines
There is increasing international recognition of indigenous peoples’ right to influence development activities in their territories. Free, Prior and Informed Consent is the strongest available instrument to assert this right, and this article provides a case study on its implementation in the northeastern Philippines. Under the Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act of 1997 National Commission on Indigenous Peoples . 1997 . Republic Act No. 8371/Indigeno…
Ten principles for a landscape approach to reconciling agriculture, conservation, and other competing land uses
“Landscape approaches” seek to provide tools and concepts for allocating and managing land to achieve social, economic, and environmental objectives in areas where agriculture, mining, and other productive land uses compete with environmental and biodiversity goals. Here we synthesize the current consensus on landscape approaches. This is based on published literature and a consensus-building process to define good practice and is validated by a …
Limits to Indigenous Participation
Increased attention for indigenous rights in relation to nature conservation has in the Philippines resulted in legislation formalizing indigenous peoples' participation in protected area management. We discuss the implementation of this legislation, based on the case of the Agta inhabiting the Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park. The Agta are hunter-gatherers who settle along the coasts and rivers of northeast Luzon. Being indigenous to the park,…
Landscape approaches; what are the pre-conditions for success
Dietary quality and tree cover in Africa
The relationship between forests and human nutrition is not yet well understood. A better understanding of this relationship is vital at a time when the majority of new land for agriculture is being cleared from forests. We use Demographic Health Survey data on food consumption for children from 21 African countries and Global Land Cover Facility tree cover data to examine the relationship between tree cover and three key indicators of nutritiona…
Forest Clearing in Rural Livelihoods
This paper examines the factors that influence rural household decisions to clear forestland. We use a large dataset comprising 7172 households from 24 developing countries. Twenty-seven percent of sampled households had converted forest to agriculture during the previous 12 months, clearing on average 1.21 ha. Male-headed households with abundance of male labor, living in recently settled places with high forest cover, unsurprisingly tended to c…
Challenging Perceptions about Men, Women, and Forest Product Use
This study uses a multi-case dataset to question current assumptions about the gender differentiation of forest product use. We test some of the commonly held ideas on how men and women access, manage, and use different forest products. Overall, we found significant gender differentiation in the collection of forest products, which seems to support the claim that there are distinctive "male" and "female" roles associated with the collection of fo…
Landscapes of Social Inclusion
Improving diets with wild and cultivated biodiversity from across the landscape
This paper examines the literature on how biodiversity contributes to improved and diversified diets in developing countries. We assess the current state of evidence on how wild and cultivated biodiversity in all forms is related to healthy diets and nutrition, and examine how economic factors, knowledge and social norms interact with availability of biodiversity to influence both production and consumption choices. The paper identifies areas whe…
Integrated landscape approaches to managing social and environmental issues in the tropics
Poverty, food insecurity, climate change and biodiversity loss continue to persist as the primary environmental and social challenges faced by the global community. An alternative is to focus on integrated solutions at landscape scales or ‘landscape approaches’. The appeal of landscape approaches has resulted in the production of a significant body of literature in recent decades, yet confusion over terminology, application and utility persists. …
Power, policy and the Prunus africana bark trade, 1972–2015
Without the current substantial international donor subsidies, sustainable harvest cannot be sustained. What is required to supply the current and future market is to develop separate, traceable P. africana bark supply chains based on cultivated stocks. On-farm production would benefit thousands of small-scale farmers cultivating P. africana, including local women, for whom wild harvesting is too onerous. This change requires CITES and EU support…
Measuring the effectiveness of landscape approaches to conservation and development
Towards productive landscapes
One of the main causes of tropical forest loss is conversion to agriculture, which is constantly increasing as a dominant land cover in the tropics. The loss of forests greatly affects biodiversity and ecosystem services. This paper assesses the economic return from increasing tree cover in agricultural landscapes in two tropical locations, West Java, Indonesia and eastern Bangladesh. Agroforestry systems are compared with subsistence seasonal fo…
A methodological approach for assessing cross-site landscape change
The expansion of agriculture has resulted in large-scale habitat loss, the fragmentation of forests, significant losses in biological diversity and negative impacts on many ecosystem services. In this paper, we highlight the Agrarian Change Project, a multi-disciplinary research initiative, that applies detailed socio-ecological methodologies in multi-functional landscapes, and assess the subsequent implications for conservation, livelihoods and …
Trees for life
Despite expanding interest in ecosystem service research over the past three decades, in-depth understanding of the contribution of forests and trees to food production and livelihoods remains limited. This review synthesizes the current evidence base examining the contribution of forest and trees to agricultural production and livelihoods in the tropics, where production often occurs within complex land use mosaics that are increasingly subjecte…
Have integrated landscape approaches reconciled societal and environmental issues in the tropics
Landscape approaches to integrated land management have recently gained considerable attention in the scientific literature and international fora. The approach is gaining increasing support at governmental and intergovernmental levels, as well as being embraced by a host of international research and development agencies. In an attempt to determine whether, and how, these approaches compare with previous conservation and development paradigms, w…
Bridging funding gaps for climate and sustainable development
In a world where natural capital is often unpriced or undervalued, thus making resource exploitation very lucrative, environmentally degrading activities will continue to dominate the economy. The past decade has seen a bourgeoning interest in scaling up private investment to address persistent socioeconomic and environmental challenges globally. The recently formulated sustainable development goals and global climate agenda have further heighten…
Indirect contributions of forests to dietary diversity in Southern Ethiopia
Baudron, F., J.-Y. Duriaux Chavarría, R. Remans, K. Yang, and T. Sunderland. 2017. Indirect contributions of forests to dietary diversity in Southern Ethiopia. Ecology and Society 22(2):28. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09267-220228
A policy nexus approach to forests and the SDGs
Geography (41 works) · Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management (38 works) · Ecology (32 works) · Economics (32 works) · Environmental resource management (26 works) · Political science (25 works) · Business (24 works) · Agriculture (18 works) · Agroforestry (16 works) · Environmental planning (15 works)