Daniel L Gebo
Biographic Data
| ID | 82935 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Daniel L Gebo |
| GIVEN NAMES | Daniel L |
| FAMILY NAME | Gebo |
| SIGNATURE | GEBO D L |
| AFFILIATIONS | Northern Illinois University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 51 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 768 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 51 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1984 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2018 |
| H-INDEX | 17 |
Estimating body size in early primates
Cuboid morphology of a basal anthropoid from the Eocene of China
Phalangeal morphology of Shanghuang fossil primates
Additional postcranial elements of T eilhardina belgica
Teilhardina belgica is one of the earliest fossil primates ever recovered and the oldest fossil primate from Europe. As such, this taxon has often been hypothesized as a basal tarsiiform on the basis of its primitive dental formula with four premolars and a simplified molar cusp pattern. Until recently [see Rose et al.: Am J Phys Anthropol 146 (2011) 281–305; Gebo et al.: J Hum Evol 63 (2012) 205–218], little was known concerning its postcranial …
Distal phalanges of Eosimias and Hoanghonius
The oldest known primate skeleton and early haplorhine evolution
New postcranial elements for the earliest Eocene fossil primate Teilhardina belgica
Species diversity and postcranial anatomy of eocene primates from Shanghuang, China
The middle Eocene Shanghuang fissure-fillings, located in southern Jiangsu Province in China near the coastal city of Shanghai (Fig. 1), contain a remarkably diverse array of fossil primates that provide a unique window into the complex role played by Asia during early primate evolution.1 Compared to contemporaneous localities in North America or Europe, the ancient primate community sampled at the Shanghuang fissure-fillings is unique in several…
Vertical clinging and leaping revisited
A re‐examination of primate foot and knee anatomy suggests that strepsirrhine primates (adapiforms and lemuriforms) possess a unique and derived hindlimb related to their use of vertical supports. In contrast, leaping adaptations are older and shared by both major euprimate clades, Strepsirrhini and Haplorhini. Combining this derived hindlimb anatomy with leaping suggests that ancestral strepsirrhines were at least frequent vertical support users…
Talar morphology, phylogenetic affinities, and locomotor adaptation of a large‐bodied amphipithecid primate from the late middle eocene of Myanmar
A well‐preserved fossil talus [National Museum of Myanmar Primates (NMMP) 82] of a large‐bodied primate is described from the late middle Eocene Pondaung Formation of central Myanmar. The specimen was collected at Thandaung Kyitchaung, a well‐known amphipithecid primate–bearing locality near the village of Mogaung. NMMP 82 adds to a meager but growing sample of postcranial remains documenting the large‐bodied primates of the Pondaung Formation. T…
The phylogenetic affinities of the Pondaung tali
The phylogenetic affinities of the primates of the late middle Eocene Pondaung Formation of Myanmar have long been disputed. The discovery of the NMMP 39 talus (Marivaux et al.: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 (2003) 13173–13178) provided the first clear evidence from the postcranium that a relatively large‐bodied haplorhine primate is represented in the Pondaung fauna. Another talus (NMMP 82; Marivaux et al., 2010). Talar morphology, phylogenetic aff…
New proconsuloid postcranials from the early Miocene of Kenya
New primate hind limb elements from the middle Eocene of China
Foot bones from Omo
We reanalyze a hominid talus and calcaneus from Omo dating to 2.2 mya and 2.36 mya, respectively. Although both specimens occur at different localities and times, both tarsals articulate well together, suggesting a single taxon on the basis of size and function. We attribute these foot bones to early Homo on the basis of their morphology. The more modern‐like tarsal morphology of these Omo foot bones makes them very similar to a talus from Koobi …
Galago locomotion in Kibale National Park, Uganda
Very few locomotor studies have been conducted on galagos. This is surprising given their interesting anatomy and ecology, as well as their increasing species diversity. In this study we investigated locomotion and postures in two sympatric galagos species ( Galagoides thomasi and Galago matschiei ) living in Kibale National Park, Uganda. G. thomasi uses arboreal quadrupedalism and leaping, while G. matschiei is more leaping‐oriented. Both specie…
The extinction of Sivapithecus
Unique proximal tibial morphology in strepsirrhine primates
Although the morphology of the tibial plateau in primates has received very little attention in the literature, it does exhibit features of phylogenetic and functional interest. This paper describes the morphology of the tibial plateau (particularly the intercondylar region) in extant and fossil primates, and in three mammalian outgroups: the pen‐tailed tree shrew ( Ptilocercus ), tree shrew ( Tupaia ), and flying lemur or dermopteran ( Cynocepha…
A shrew-sized origin for primates
The origin of primates has had a long history of discussion and debate, with few ever considering the impact of the original body weight on subsequent primate adaptive radiations. Here, I attempt to reconstruct early primate evolution by considering the initial size of primates as well as the critical functional-adaptive events that had to occur prior to the early Eocene. Microcebus is often viewed as a living model, and thus 40-65 g might repres…
New eosimiid primate from Myanmar
Positional behavior and social organization of the philippine tarsier (Tarsius syrichta)
Middle Eocene primate tarsals from China
We describe tarsal remains of primates recovered from the Middle Eocene (∼45 mya) Shanghuang fissures in southern Jiangsu Province, China. These tarsals document the existence of four higher‐level taxa of haplorhine primates and at least two adapid species. The meager and poorly preserved adapid material exhibits some similarities to European adapines like Adapis . The haplorhine primates are divided into two major groups: a “prosimian group” con…
Postcranial functional morphology of , with implications for the evolution of modern ape locomotion
The smallest primates
A first metatarsal of Hoanghonius stehlini from the Late Middle Eocene of Shanxi Province, China
A new lorisid humerus from the early miocene of Uganda
Positional behavior in five sympatric old world monkeys
Observations of positional behavior and habitat use were recorded on focal individuals of five species of Old World monkeys at Kibale Forest, Uganda, through the dry season of 1990 and 1991. Cercopithecus ascanius, Cercopithecus mitis, Cercocebus albigena, Colobus badius, and Colobus guereza commonly utilize five similar types of positional behavior (i.e., quadrupedalism, leaping, climbing, sitting, and standing), but in varying frequencies and s…
Foot bones from Omo
We reanalyze a hominid talus and calcaneus from Omo dating to 2.2 mya and 2.36 mya, respectively. Although both specimens occur at different localities and times, both tarsals articulate well together, suggesting a single taxon on the basis of size and function. We attribute these foot bones to early Homo on the basis of their morphology. The more modern‐like tarsal morphology of these Omo foot bones makes them very similar to a talus from Koobi …
Plantigrady and foot adaptation in African apes
In living primates, except the great apes and humans, the foot is placed in a heel‐elevated or semi‐plantigrade position when these animals move upon arboreal or terrestrial substrates. Heel placement and bone positions in the non‐great ape primate foot are designed to increase mobility and flexibility in the arboreal environment. Orangutans have further enhanced foot mobility by adapting their feet for suspension and thus similarly utilize foot …
Postcranial functional morphology of , with implications for the evolution of modern ape locomotion
Anthropoid origins-the foot evidence
Terrestrial adaptations in the postcranial skeletons of guenons
Arboreal and semiterrestrial guenons show similar osteological features of the limbs across a wide range of species, environments, and geography, while the more terrestrially committed guenons exhibit greater morphological divergence. An ecomorphological comparison of two sympatric guenons living in Kibale Forest, Uganda, reveals an array of anatomical adaptations for terrestriality in the limbs of Cercopithecus lhoesti similar to those found in …
A shrew-sized origin for primates
The origin of primates has had a long history of discussion and debate, with few ever considering the impact of the original body weight on subsequent primate adaptive radiations. Here, I attempt to reconstruct early primate evolution by considering the initial size of primates as well as the critical functional-adaptive events that had to occur prior to the early Eocene. Microcebus is often viewed as a living model, and thus 40-65 g might repres…
Morphology and locomotor adaptations of the foot in early Oligocene anthropoids
Newly discovered foot bones of Aegyptopithecus are described and compared to those of Apidium and Dolichocebus. Locomotor adaptations are inferred for African early Oligocene propliopithecids, parapithecids, and for Argentine early Oligocene Dolichocebus. All show an anthropoid grade of development in their foot anatomy. Tarsals of Aegyptopithecus compare best with those of Miocene hominoids. Apidium shares derived calcaneal features that link it…
Middle Eocene primate tarsals from China
We describe tarsal remains of primates recovered from the Middle Eocene (∼45 mya) Shanghuang fissures in southern Jiangsu Province, China. These tarsals document the existence of four higher‐level taxa of haplorhine primates and at least two adapid species. The meager and poorly preserved adapid material exhibits some similarities to European adapines like Adapis . The haplorhine primates are divided into two major groups: a “prosimian group” con…
Locomotor and phylogenetic considerations in anthropoid evolution
Foot anatomy, climbing, and the origin of the Indriidae
The nature of the primate grasping foot
The grasping primate foot is one of the hallmark adaptations for the order Primates. Prosimian muscle and joint analysis indicates that there are two distinct primate grasping feet. The I–V opposable grasp, in which the hallux opposes the other four digits around a support, is the primitive grasp type utilized by cheirogaleids, lorisides, Daubentonia , and tarsiids. Lemurids and indriids, on the other hand, have a derived I–II adductor grasp, whe…
Foot morphology and evolution in early Eocene Cantius
More than one hundred undescribed foot elements of Cantius and other closely related notharctine adapids (7 species in all) from throughout the early Eocene (Wasatchian) Willwood Formation of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, have been analyzed. For four species (Cantius ralstoni, “Copelemur” feretutus, Cantius frugivorus , and? Pelycodus jarrovii ) these represent the first described postcranial material. The clade of Cantius and allied genera in the …
Functional anatomy of the tarsier foot
Tarsiers possess a very odd musculoskeletal foot anatomy that goes beyond their acknowledged specialized leaping adaptations. Tarsius has evolved a fundamentally different method of bone rotation to achieve an inverted foot position during grasping and has developed an unusual muscular system for holding onto vertical supports. Although galagos and tarsiers possess elongated foot bones as adaptations for leaping, galagos utilize many more types o…
Habitat, annual, and seasonal effects on positional behavior in red colobus monkeys
Positional behavior in adult red colobus monkeys ( Colobus badius ) was examined in a variety of ecological contexts. Using a focal‐animal methodology, we assessed how data collected by different observers, in different years, in different seasons, and in different forests affected estimates of positional behavior. In all, 23,000 bouts were recorded. Variation in frequency is greatest in the common behaviors, especially arboreal quadrupedalism. S…
Talar morphology, phylogenetic affinities, and locomotor adaptation of a large‐bodied amphipithecid primate from the late middle eocene of Myanmar
A well‐preserved fossil talus [National Museum of Myanmar Primates (NMMP) 82] of a large‐bodied primate is described from the late middle Eocene Pondaung Formation of central Myanmar. The specimen was collected at Thandaung Kyitchaung, a well‐known amphipithecid primate–bearing locality near the village of Mogaung. NMMP 82 adds to a meager but growing sample of postcranial remains documenting the large‐bodied primates of the Pondaung Formation. T…
The smallest primates
Vertical clinging and leaping revisited
A re‐examination of primate foot and knee anatomy suggests that strepsirrhine primates (adapiforms and lemuriforms) possess a unique and derived hindlimb related to their use of vertical supports. In contrast, leaping adaptations are older and shared by both major euprimate clades, Strepsirrhini and Haplorhini. Combining this derived hindlimb anatomy with leaping suggests that ancestral strepsirrhines were at least frequent vertical support users…
A hominoid proximal humerus from the Early Miocene of Rusinga Island, Kenya
Additional postcranial elements of T eilhardina belgica
Teilhardina belgica is one of the earliest fossil primates ever recovered and the oldest fossil primate from Europe. As such, this taxon has often been hypothesized as a basal tarsiiform on the basis of its primitive dental formula with four premolars and a simplified molar cusp pattern. Until recently [see Rose et al.: Am J Phys Anthropol 146 (2011) 281–305; Gebo et al.: J Hum Evol 63 (2012) 205–218], little was known concerning its postcranial …
New primate hind limb elements from the middle Eocene of China
New postcranial elements for the earliest Eocene fossil primate Teilhardina belgica
The phylogenetic affinities of the Pondaung tali
The phylogenetic affinities of the primates of the late middle Eocene Pondaung Formation of Myanmar have long been disputed. The discovery of the NMMP 39 talus (Marivaux et al.: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 (2003) 13173–13178) provided the first clear evidence from the postcranium that a relatively large‐bodied haplorhine primate is represented in the Pondaung fauna. Another talus (NMMP 82; Marivaux et al., 2010). Talar morphology, phylogenetic aff…
A first metatarsal of Hoanghonius stehlini from the Late Middle Eocene of Shanxi Province, China
New platyrrhine tali from La Venta, Colombia
Puncture marks on early African anthropoids
Field studies of living primates have shown that primate predation is a rare event. This must also have been true for past primate communities. In the Fayum Oligocene of Egypt, specimens of all four species of Upper Fossil Wood Zone primates show evidence of tooth puncture marks. Of the four potential groups of primate predators–the snakes, the raptors, the crocodiles, and the primitive carnivores or creodonts–only the crocodiles and the creodont…
The nature of the primate grasping foot
The grasping primate foot is one of the hallmark adaptations for the order Primates. Prosimian muscle and joint analysis indicates that there are two distinct primate grasping feet. The I–V opposable grasp, in which the hallux opposes the other four digits around a support, is the primitive grasp type utilized by cheirogaleids, lorisides, Daubentonia , and tarsiids. Lemurids and indriids, on the other hand, have a derived I–II adductor grasp, whe…
Anthropoid origins-the foot evidence
Locomotor diversity in prosimian primates
An understanding of prosimian movement is basic to many anatomical and paleontological studies in that these studies attempt to correlate movement with anatomy and therefore infer movement in fossil primates. Duke University has a large and diverse collection of prosimian primates, which are housed in cages and enclosures large enough for movement studies. Extant prosimians move in many different ways, and none are so specialized that only one mo…
A new species of Propliopithecus from the Fayum, Egypt
Propliopithecus ankeli is described as a new species of hominoid from the early Oligocene of Egypt. The new species occurs at a stratigraphic level 80 m below quarries yielding P. chirobates and Aegyptopithecus zeuxis. P. ankeli differs from other species of the genus in its large size, relatively robust canines, larger and proportionally broader premolars, and M 1 that has as great or greater mesiodistal length than M 2 . Thus, P. ankeli is char…
Functional anatomy of the tarsier foot
Tarsiers possess a very odd musculoskeletal foot anatomy that goes beyond their acknowledged specialized leaping adaptations. Tarsius has evolved a fundamentally different method of bone rotation to achieve an inverted foot position during grasping and has developed an unusual muscular system for holding onto vertical supports. Although galagos and tarsiers possess elongated foot bones as adaptations for leaping, galagos utilize many more types o…
Morphology and locomotor adaptations of the foot in early Oligocene anthropoids
Newly discovered foot bones of Aegyptopithecus are described and compared to those of Apidium and Dolichocebus. Locomotor adaptations are inferred for African early Oligocene propliopithecids, parapithecids, and for Argentine early Oligocene Dolichocebus. All show an anthropoid grade of development in their foot anatomy. Tarsals of Aegyptopithecus compare best with those of Miocene hominoids. Apidium shares derived calcaneal features that link it…
A hominoid proximal humerus from the Early Miocene of Rusinga Island, Kenya
Foot anatomy, climbing, and the origin of the Indriidae
Postcranial adaptation and evolution in lorisidae
Locomotor and phylogenetic considerations in anthropoid evolution
New platyrrhine tali from La Venta, Colombia
Foot morphology and evolution in early Eocene Cantius
More than one hundred undescribed foot elements of Cantius and other closely related notharctine adapids (7 species in all) from throughout the early Eocene (Wasatchian) Willwood Formation of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, have been analyzed. For four species (Cantius ralstoni, “Copelemur” feretutus, Cantius frugivorus , and? Pelycodus jarrovii ) these represent the first described postcranial material. The clade of Cantius and allied genera in the …
Estimators of Fruit Abundance of Tropical Trees
Many types of biological studies require the estimation of food abundance in tropical forests, and a variety of methods have been used to estimate this parameter. Here we compare the accuracy and precision of three methods for estimating the fruit abundance (biomass and number) of tropical tree species: tree diameter, crown volume, and visual estimation. Diameter at breast height (DBH) was the most consistently accurate method and exhibited low l…
Locomotor and postural behavior in Alouatta palliata and Cebus capucinus
Positional behavior of two platyrrhine monkeys, Alouatta palliata and Cebus capucinus , was observed at La Pacifica and Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica. Frequency data for locomotion, postures, support diameters, orientation of supports, and use of canopy were recorded on focal males and females. Alouatta palliata is a frequent user of arboreal quadrupedalism (47%) and climbing (37%), with bridging (10%) representing the next most frequent t…
Plantigrady and foot adaptation in African apes
In living primates, except the great apes and humans, the foot is placed in a heel‐elevated or semi‐plantigrade position when these animals move upon arboreal or terrestrial substrates. Heel placement and bone positions in the non‐great ape primate foot are designed to increase mobility and flexibility in the arboreal environment. Orangutans have further enhanced foot mobility by adapting their feet for suspension and thus similarly utilize foot …
Reply to Dr. Meldrum
Locomotor response to predator threat in red colobus monkeys
Postcranial Anatomy and the Origin of the Anthropoidea
Eocene Anthropoid Postcrania from the Eayum, Egypt
Terrestrial adaptations in the postcranial skeletons of guenons
Arboreal and semiterrestrial guenons show similar osteological features of the limbs across a wide range of species, environments, and geography, while the more terrestrially committed guenons exhibit greater morphological divergence. An ecomorphological comparison of two sympatric guenons living in Kibale Forest, Uganda, reveals an array of anatomical adaptations for terrestriality in the limbs of Cercopithecus lhoesti similar to those found in …
Habitat, annual, and seasonal effects on positional behavior in red colobus monkeys
Positional behavior in adult red colobus monkeys ( Colobus badius ) was examined in a variety of ecological contexts. Using a focal‐animal methodology, we assessed how data collected by different observers, in different years, in different seasons, and in different forests affected estimates of positional behavior. In all, 23,000 bouts were recorded. Variation in frequency is greatest in the common behaviors, especially arboreal quadrupedalism. S…
Positional behavior in five sympatric old world monkeys
Observations of positional behavior and habitat use were recorded on focal individuals of five species of Old World monkeys at Kibale Forest, Uganda, through the dry season of 1990 and 1991. Cercopithecus ascanius, Cercopithecus mitis, Cercocebus albigena, Colobus badius, and Colobus guereza commonly utilize five similar types of positional behavior (i.e., quadrupedalism, leaping, climbing, sitting, and standing), but in varying frequencies and s…
Standardized descriptions of primate locomotor and postural modes
Climbing, brachiation, and terrestrial quadrupedalism
The vertical-climbing account of the evolution of locomotor behavior and morphology in hominid ancestry is reexamined in light of recent behavioral, anatomical, and paleontological findings and a more firmly established phylogeny for the living apes. The behavioral record shows that African apes, when arboreal, are good vertical climbers, and that locomotion during traveling best separates the living apes into brachiators (gibbons), scrambling/ c…
Primate Behavior and Ecology (48 works) · Biology (47 works) · Paleontology (28 works) · Zoology (26 works) · Paleontology (24 works) · Ecology (23 works) · Evolution and Paleontology Studies (23 works) · Evolutionary biology (23 works) · Amphibian and Reptile Biology (22 works) · Primate (22 works)