R Baker
Biographic Data
| ID | 8388 |
|---|---|
| NAME | R Baker |
| GIVEN NAMES | R |
| FAMILY NAME | Baker |
| SIGNATURE | BAKER R |
| AFFILIATIONS | Glasgow Caledonian University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3451-2018 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 43 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 309 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 43 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1976 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Developing initial programme theory for realist economic evaluation
It is increasingly recognised that ‘big problems’ in health and social care require well-designed solutions and robust evaluation, including attention to costs as well as outcomes. This is especially important in the pervasive environment of resource scarcity. Decisions need to be made that consider not only whether and how an intervention works but also affordability and efficiency in different circumstances and populations. As researchers tackl…
Translating Q methodology results into survey questions for large-scale use
Developing Q to survey (Q2S) approaches from underlying Q methodology studies offers huge potential to design quantitative surveys in a systematic, transparent way for any topic. However, Q2S is underdeveloped despite calls for more methodological testing. This paper is the first to compare the performance of four different Q2S approaches in terms of their feasibility, validity and reliability. The four Q2S approaches were: rating statements; ran…
Urban environment and RSV
Substantial neighbourhood-level differences in RSV SARI incidence exist in a large European metropolis. These differences are associated with the urban environment such as particulate pollution. The use of spectral indices shows promise in identifying vulnerable populations within cities to guide public health measures and to integrate public health and urban planning
Economic evaluation of participation in Community Led Organisations for individuals living in disadvantaged areas in the UK
This paper presents an economic evaluation of community-led and -owned organisations that deliver activities to support health and wellbeing. Because community-led organisations (CLOs) are a vital part of the social and solidarity economy, they increasingly feature in public health policies targeting disadvantaged populations. However, little is known about the value CLOs generate as few economic evaluations of them exist and those available focu…
Trading-off outcomes and policy characteristics of a Universal Basic Income and a Minimum Income Guarantee
From polarity to plurality
AIM: The aim of this study was to uncover perspectives on the COVID-19 pandemic and the responses implemented by the UK and Scottish Governments to help control the spread of infection. Such understanding could help to inform future responses to pandemics at individual, community and national levels. METHOD: Q methodology was used to elicit perspectives from people in England and Scotland with different experiences of the pandemic including publi…
Causes, Solutions and Health Inequalities
BACKGROUND: Engaging with the public can influence policy decisions, particularly towards more radical policy change. While established research exists exploring public perceptions on causes of health inequalities, much less exists on how to tackle health inequalities in the UK. Despite an emphasis on 'lived experience', currently no study has focused on how individuals with very poor health conceive of both causes of, and solutions to, health in…
Is Government Policy a Barrier or Facilitator to the Work of Place-Based Community-led Nonprofits
In this paper we explore whether government policy acts as a barrier or facilitator to the work of nonprofits, and in what ways (if at all) different policy contexts influence the work of place-based community-led nonprofit organizations working to improve the health and wellbeing of their communities. Employing ‘abductive’ analysis of qualitative data collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 20 non-profit leade…
Charting public views on the meaning of illness severity
Policy actors’ perceptions of public participation to tackle health inequalities in Scotland
Policy actors believe in the importance of public participation in policy to address health inequalities for intrinsic and instrumental reasons. Yet, there is an evident tension between seeing public participation as a route to upstream policies and a belief that public views might be misinformed, individualistic, short-term or self-interested and doubts about how to make public participation meaningful. We lack good insight into what the public …
A severely fragmented concept
Microcredit as a public health initiative? Exploring mechanisms and pathways to health and wellbeing
Public values and plurality in health priority setting
Exploring the relative value of end of life Qalys
Filling a void? The role of social enterprise in addressing social isolation and loneliness in rural communities
Social isolation and loneliness has been classed as a major public health concern due to its negative physical and mental health implications, and living in a remote or rural area is a prominent contributing risk factor. Community-led social enterprise models are recognised in government policy as a potential preventative measure for social isolation and loneliness, yet there is a lack of understanding of their application in rural contexts. The …
From representing views to representativeness of views
The potential of social enterprise to enhance health and well-being
Public views on principles for health care priority setting
Valuing Qalys at the end of life
Estimating a WTP-based value of a Qaly
Research Synthesis
Towards Robust Development of Retail Planning Policy
The deregulation of shopping hours has created a fluid environment where time-poor, affluent and mobile households can access shopping opportunities away from traditional retail precincts. The consequence has been the substantial decline of the viability and vitality of many main streets in eastern Australia. This greater temporal fluidity, however, requires stronger land use regulations if traditional town or suburb main streets are to maintain …
Exploratory Analysis of Similarities in Solar Cycle Magnetic Phases with Southern Oscillation Index Fluctuations in Eastern Australia
There is growing interest in the role that the Sun's magnetic field has on weather and climatic parameters, particularly the ~11 year sunspot (Schwab) cycle, the ~22 yr magnetic field (Hale) cycle and the ~88 yr (Gleissberg) cycle. These cycles and the derivative harmonics are part of the peculiar periodic behaviour of the solar magnetic field. Using data from 1876 to the present, the exploratory analysis suggests that when the Sun's South Pole i…
Economic rationality and health and lifestyle choices for people with diabetes
A 6000 Year‐old Fossil Dugong from Botany Bay
The excavation in the 1890s of a skeleton of the warm‐water marine mammal Dugong dugon , associated with Aboriginal artefacts, from a Botany Bay salt marsh, marked the beginning of speculation about climate and sea level change in Australia over the period of human occupation. The dugong bones have recently been dated, giving a conventional 14 C age of 5520±70 years BP, which is consistent with three older 14 C dates for a layer of buried trees t…
Research Synthesis
Public views on principles for health care priority setting
Growth status of homeless Nepali boys
Filling a void? The role of social enterprise in addressing social isolation and loneliness in rural communities
Social isolation and loneliness has been classed as a major public health concern due to its negative physical and mental health implications, and living in a remote or rural area is a prominent contributing risk factor. Community-led social enterprise models are recognised in government policy as a potential preventative measure for social isolation and loneliness, yet there is a lack of understanding of their application in rural contexts. The …
Economic rationality and health and lifestyle choices for people with diabetes
From representing views to representativeness of views
Valuing Qalys at the end of life
Clubs, Spades, Diamonds and Disadvantage
Opportunities to gamble, particularly on electronic gaming machines (EGMs) have been rapidly increasing in Australia during the 1990s. The increase in expenditure on gambling and the related problems have subsequently become a growing concern, particularly in relation to disadvantaged sectors of the population. Given this, the development of a geography of gambling is an important step in understanding the implications of this rapidly expanding i…
Public values and plurality in health priority setting
Homeless Street Boys in Nepal
Homeless children live and work independently of their families on the streets in many cities of the developing world. A survey was undertaken to compare the family backgrounds and current lifestyles of 329 six to seventeen year old Nepali boys is contrasting environments. A representative sample of 130 homeless boys is compared with three other groups of 54 rural, 62 urban squatter and 83 urban privileged school - children. Structured questionna…
Towards Robust Development of Retail Planning Policy
The deregulation of shopping hours has created a fluid environment where time-poor, affluent and mobile households can access shopping opportunities away from traditional retail precincts. The consequence has been the substantial decline of the viability and vitality of many main streets in eastern Australia. This greater temporal fluidity, however, requires stronger land use regulations if traditional town or suburb main streets are to maintain …
A Psycholinguistic Study of English Stress Assignment Rules
Two studies of stress assignment rules are reported. In both studies speakers found to base their pronunciations partly on general rules and partly on comparisons with particular English words: word length, syntactic category and position of primary stress all influenced performance. In the second study, the distinctions between pronounced polysyllabic nonsense words, and similarity to real English words, as well as phonemic and syntactic structu…
A severely fragmented concept
Microcredit as a public health initiative? Exploring mechanisms and pathways to health and wellbeing
Estimating a WTP-based value of a Qaly
Charting public views on the meaning of illness severity
Towards a dynamic aggregate shopping model and its application to retail trading hour and market area analysis
Multipurpose Shopping Behaviour at Planned Suburban Shopping Centres
There is a continual interest in research on multipurpose shopping (MPS), because it provides a further extension of rational decisionmaking, whereby consumers who combine shopping activities reduce the time and cost of travel. The literature describes the importance of this type of shopping for infrequent trips to higher order centres (Bacon, 1984) or MPS constructed around convenience, supermarket, or comparison trips (West, 1993). A study of M…
Evaluation of a self-help dietary intervention in a primary care setting
BACKGROUND. Dietary intervention to reduce fat consumption and increase fiber consumption has been recommended by the National Cancer Institute, but there is little evidence concerning the effectiveness of self-help materials. The purpose of this study was to evaluate such self-help materials, introduced by a nurse in a primary care setting. METHODS. A randomized controlled trial involving 242 subjects was conducted in two primary care clinics in…
Spelling as a source of information about children's linguistic knowledge
Two studies of English speakers' understanding of the English spelling system are discussed. The first study is Groat's (1979) investigation of seven-year-old children's ability to assign stress appropriately to two-syllable nonsense words embedded in otherwise normal sentences. This work is compared with an earlier study of university students' performance on a similar task (Smith & Baker, 1976) and suggests that seven-year-olds are as sophistic…
Exploring the relative value of end of life Qalys
Exploratory Analysis of Similarities in Solar Cycle Magnetic Phases with Southern Oscillation Index Fluctuations in Eastern Australia
There is growing interest in the role that the Sun's magnetic field has on weather and climatic parameters, particularly the ~11 year sunspot (Schwab) cycle, the ~22 yr magnetic field (Hale) cycle and the ~88 yr (Gleissberg) cycle. These cycles and the derivative harmonics are part of the peculiar periodic behaviour of the solar magnetic field. Using data from 1876 to the present, the exploratory analysis suggests that when the Sun's South Pole i…
A 6000 Year‐old Fossil Dugong from Botany Bay
The excavation in the 1890s of a skeleton of the warm‐water marine mammal Dugong dugon , associated with Aboriginal artefacts, from a Botany Bay salt marsh, marked the beginning of speculation about climate and sea level change in Australia over the period of human occupation. The dugong bones have recently been dated, giving a conventional 14 C age of 5520±70 years BP, which is consistent with three older 14 C dates for a layer of buried trees t…
Towards a dynamic aggregate shopping model and its application to retail trading hour and market area analysis
A Psycholinguistic Study of English Stress Assignment Rules
Two studies of stress assignment rules are reported. In both studies speakers found to base their pronunciations partly on general rules and partly on comparisons with particular English words: word length, syntactic category and position of primary stress all influenced performance. In the second study, the distinctions between pronounced polysyllabic nonsense words, and similarity to real English words, as well as phonemic and syntactic structu…
New and Improved
Spelling as a source of information about children's linguistic knowledge
Two studies of English speakers' understanding of the English spelling system are discussed. The first study is Groat's (1979) investigation of seven-year-old children's ability to assign stress appropriately to two-syllable nonsense words embedded in otherwise normal sentences. This work is compared with an earlier study of university students' performance on a similar task (Smith & Baker, 1976) and suggests that seven-year-olds are as sophistic…
A Mathematical Model of Group Social Interaction
The definition of place utility from potential theory shows that a preference and orthogonal indifference field can influence a decisionmaker, which suggests the operation of behavioural forces. Learning energy is defined to be a major behavioural force and a statistical model is proposed for its distribution over an assembly of decisionmakers. An attitude system is derived for a social network where the decisionmaker can be in a unitary state of…
On the Space-Time Associations in the Consumer Patronage of Planned Shopping Centres
In this paper the changing behaviour of three shopping centres over time is described. The middle-ranked centre had stable occupancy levels, and shopping patronage over a finite time period is shown from the Fourier analysis to be periodic. The largest shopping centre does not exhibit the same behavioural characteristics. It is argued that agglomerative effects distort the space - time associations in the patronage distributions there. There is a…
Evaluation of a self-help dietary intervention in a primary care setting
BACKGROUND. Dietary intervention to reduce fat consumption and increase fiber consumption has been recommended by the National Cancer Institute, but there is little evidence concerning the effectiveness of self-help materials. The purpose of this study was to evaluate such self-help materials, introduced by a nurse in a primary care setting. METHODS. A randomized controlled trial involving 242 subjects was conducted in two primary care clinics in…
Homo Sollers Beats Homo Sapiens
On Travel Behaviour Relative to a General Place Utility Field
The character of a trip from an origin to a destination is defined by the quasi-utility functions of place utility, trip assessment, and destination expectation. A specific place utility field is determined by a distance minimisation strategy and is generalised for a trip to a destination in any direction with a constant utility. This field is formed by assessing the direction of all trip possibilities and is shown to form rotations with discrete…
Heart rate monitoring of physical activity among village, school, and homeless Nepali boys
Continuous HR monitoring, in conjunction with self-reports and direct observation of physical activity, was undertaken in three samples of 10-13-year-old Nepali boys living in different physical and socioeconomic environments. A total of 134 daytime HR profiles were recorded from 67 boys (76 from 31 villagers, 39 from 20 urban middle-class schoolboys, and 19 from 16 homeless street boys). Habitual levels of physical activity were compared using m…
Comparative study of flex heart rate in three samples of Nepali boys
Flex heart rate (HR, beats per minute) has assumed increasing importance in studies of energy expenditure and physical activity. Flex HR is defined as the mean of maximum rest and minimum exercise HR recorded during a standard test. This report examines methodological and substantive issues regarding the measurement and interpretation of population variation in flex HR values. Flex HR was determined for 80 Nepali 10-14-year-old boys living in con…
Growth status of homeless Nepali boys
Multipurpose Shopping Behaviour at Planned Suburban Shopping Centres
There is a continual interest in research on multipurpose shopping (MPS), because it provides a further extension of rational decisionmaking, whereby consumers who combine shopping activities reduce the time and cost of travel. The literature describes the importance of this type of shopping for infrequent trips to higher order centres (Bacon, 1984) or MPS constructed around convenience, supermarket, or comparison trips (West, 1993). A study of M…
Homeless Street Boys in Nepal
Homeless children live and work independently of their families on the streets in many cities of the developing world. A survey was undertaken to compare the family backgrounds and current lifestyles of 329 six to seventeen year old Nepali boys is contrasting environments. A representative sample of 130 homeless boys is compared with three other groups of 54 rural, 62 urban squatter and 83 urban privileged school - children. Structured questionna…
Recent publications concerning the Royal Society
The citations listed below include journal articles and books about the Society that have been published since 1996 and are in the Society's library. The citations are arranged alphabetically
Towards a dynamic aggregate shopping model and its application to retail trading hour and market area analysis
Towards a dynamic aggregate shopping model and its application to retail trading hour and market area analysis
Clubs, Spades, Diamonds and Disadvantage
Opportunities to gamble, particularly on electronic gaming machines (EGMs) have been rapidly increasing in Australia during the 1990s. The increase in expenditure on gambling and the related problems have subsequently become a growing concern, particularly in relation to disadvantaged sectors of the population. Given this, the development of a geography of gambling is an important step in understanding the implications of this rapidly expanding i…
Solution to crossword
A 6000 Year‐old Fossil Dugong from Botany Bay
The excavation in the 1890s of a skeleton of the warm‐water marine mammal Dugong dugon , associated with Aboriginal artefacts, from a Botany Bay salt marsh, marked the beginning of speculation about climate and sea level change in Australia over the period of human occupation. The dugong bones have recently been dated, giving a conventional 14 C age of 5520±70 years BP, which is consistent with three older 14 C dates for a layer of buried trees t…
Economic rationality and health and lifestyle choices for people with diabetes
Exploratory Analysis of Similarities in Solar Cycle Magnetic Phases with Southern Oscillation Index Fluctuations in Eastern Australia
There is growing interest in the role that the Sun's magnetic field has on weather and climatic parameters, particularly the ~11 year sunspot (Schwab) cycle, the ~22 yr magnetic field (Hale) cycle and the ~88 yr (Gleissberg) cycle. These cycles and the derivative harmonics are part of the peculiar periodic behaviour of the solar magnetic field. Using data from 1876 to the present, the exploratory analysis suggests that when the Sun's South Pole i…
Research Synthesis
Towards Robust Development of Retail Planning Policy
The deregulation of shopping hours has created a fluid environment where time-poor, affluent and mobile households can access shopping opportunities away from traditional retail precincts. The consequence has been the substantial decline of the viability and vitality of many main streets in eastern Australia. This greater temporal fluidity, however, requires stronger land use regulations if traditional town or suburb main streets are to maintain …
Estimating a WTP-based value of a Qaly
The potential of social enterprise to enhance health and well-being
Medicine (17 works) · Psychology (16 works) · Sociology (16 works) · Economics (15 works) · Geography (12 works) · Political science (11 works) · Public health (11 works) · Business (10 works) · Economic growth (10 works) · Nursing (10 works)