J Josh Snodgra
Biographic Data
| ID | 85129 |
|---|---|
| NAME | J Josh Snodgra |
| GIVEN NAMES | J Josh |
| FAMILY NAME | Snodgra |
| SIGNATURE | SNODGRA J J |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Oregon |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8877-7153 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 28 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 315 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 28 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2002 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Market Integration and Reproductive Transitions Among Indigenous Shuar and Neighboring Nonindigenous Ecuadorians in Amazonian Ecuador
OBJECTIVE: Global reproductive transitions are well documented, yet less is known about how neighboring populations with divergent histories and exposure to market integration (MI) experience them. This study examines how sociocultural and economic proxies of MI predict variation in reproductive outcomes among indigenous Shuar and nonindigenous Ecuadorian mestizos (Colonos) from Amazonian Ecuador, focusing on menarcheal age, age at first birth, p…
Urinary Estradiol in Captive Bonobos
Estradiol is known to have a variety of biological and behavioral effects, but monitoring its function is complex given the many factors influencing its variation. This necessitates large sample sizes which are challenging in captive and wild situations. This study validates the use of opportunistically collected urinary estradiol levels (E2) for use in reproductive monitoring and behavioral research in bonobos ( Pan paniscus ). We analyzed froze…
Co-intensional properties and running afoul of Ockham’s Razor
Multiplying co-intensional properties
Bart Streumer employs a reductio ad absurdum to show that a hyperintensional conception of properties has a multiplication problem; roughly, this conception of properties leads to the absurd result that we can multiply distinct but cointensional properties without end.In this paper, I will explain why Streumer's reductio fails to convince
Sustained metabolic dysregulation and the emergence of diabetes
Introduction Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), diabetes, and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have been a major focus of research in recent decades as the prevalence of these conditions continues to rapidly increase globally. However, the timing and patterns of development from metabolic risk factors to disease states are less well understood and are especially critical to understand in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and populations under…
Suicidal ideation in older Ghanaian women
BACKGROUND: Although approximately 79% of the world's suicides occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the limited research in these regions has primarily focused on the rates of suicide attempts (SA) and ideation among men and younger members of the population. AIM: This study investigated the associations between bodily pain, functional limitation, chronic health conditions, and suicidal ideation among older Ghanaian women with a pos…
Development and validation of an Elisa for a biomarker of thyroid dysfunction, thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (TPO-Ab), in dried blood spots
Background The prevalence of allergic and autoimmune conditions has been steadily increasing in wealthy nations over the past century. One hypothesis put forward to explain this is the Old Friends Hypothesis, which posits that increased hygiene, urbanization, and lifestyle changes have reduced our exposure to parasites and microbes that we co-evolved with, resulting in immune dysregulation. However, research in traditionally living populations, w…
Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay-Based Quantitative Measurement of Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) in Dried Blood Spots, a Biomarker of Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease, which remains the leading cause of mortality in both higher and lower income countries. Here, we adapted an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) development kit for quantitative determination of ApoB levels in serum and plasma for use with dried blood spots (DBS). After confirming the dilution linearity of the assay for DBS, we measured ApoB in 208 venous DBS samples. T…
Perceived Income Adequacy and Well-being Among Older Adults in Six Low- and Middle-Income Countries
As expected, income adequacy was correlated with SRH and QOL. However, the relationship between age and income adequacy varied cross-culturally, potentially due to differences in familial and governmental financial support
Heterogeneous effects of market integration on sub-adult body size and nutritional status among the Shuar of Amazonian Ecuador
This study provides novel insight into the complex socio-ecological pathways linking MI, physical growth and health among the Shuar and other indigenous Amazonian populations
Validation of an Optimized Elisa for Quantitative Assessment of Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies from Dried Blood Spots
Our objective was to validate a commercially available ELISA to measure antibody titers against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in dried blood spots (DBS) to replace a previously validated assay for DBS that is no longer available. We evaluated the precision, reliability, and stability of the assay for the measurement of EBV antibodies in matched plasma, fingerprick DBS, and venous blood DBS samples from 208 individuals. Effects of hematocrit and DBS sa…
Determining osteoporosis risk in older C olono adults from rural A mazonian E cuador using calcaneal ultrasonometry
OBJECTIVE: Low bone density and osteoporosis prevalence, while well-documented in wealthy nations, are poorly studied in rural, non-clinical contexts in economically developing regions such as Latin America. This study contributes preliminary osteoporosis risk data for a rural Colono (mestizo) population from Amazonian Ecuador. METHODS: Anthropometrics were collected for 119 adult participants (74 females, 45 males [50-90 years old]). Heel bone d…
Prevalence of overweight and obesity in older M exican adults and its association with physical activity and related factors
OBJECTIVES: The obesity epidemic in Mexico is increasing and represents a considerable public health challenge. The population aged 50 years and older is also increasing and is not exempt from the obesity rise. We aimed to determine the current prevalence of Body Mass Index (BMI) categories in a sample of Mexicans aged 50 years and older and to test the associations of BMI with physical activity categories and related factors. METHODS: Data from …
Physical function and activity among older adults in Jodhpur, India
This study provides further evidence for a positive relationship between physical activity and functional ability among older adults and between physical activity and cardiovascular health among women in India
Health of Indigenous Peoples
Indigenous populations worldwide are experiencing social, cultural, demographic, nutritional, and psychoemotional changes that have a profound impact on health. Regardless of their geographical location or sociopolitical situation, health indicators are always poorer for indigenous populations than for nonindigenous ones. The determinants of this gap are multiple and interactive, and their analysis requires a biocultural framework. Indigenous pop…
Sleep duration, sleep quality, and obesity risk among older adults from six middle‐income countries
OBJECTIVES: Changes in sleep patterns often occur in older adults. Previous studies have documented associations between sleep duration, sleep quality, and obesity risk in older individuals, yet few studies have examined these trends in lower-income countries. The present cross-sectional study uses nationally representative datasets from six countries to examine these relationships. METHODS: Two hypotheses related to obesity risk and sleep patter…
Seasonal variation in basal metabolic rates among the yakut (Sakha) of Northeastern Siberia
Among the Yakut, increased wintertime BMR was observed among younger but not older adults, whereas all adults showed sharp reductions in free thyroid hormone levels during the winter. Among men, greater participation in subsistence activities was associated with increased BMRs and greater fat oxidation. Among women, variation in food use had the strongest impact on metabolic function
Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour of Yakut (Sakha) adults
The Yakut have gender differences in amount and predictors of physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Triaxial accelerometry is more sensitive to daily physical activity in free living populations than single axis
Health of Indigenous Circumpolar Populations
Indigenous circumpolar populations have experienced profound transitions in lifeways over the past half-century as a result of economic development. Although there have been positive aspects of this social transformation, most circumpolar groups today have a triple burden of disease, with a modestly elevated infectious disease level, an elevated and increasing burden of chronic conditions such as obesity and cardiovascular disease, and high rates…
Data Resource Profile
Population ageing is rapidly becoming a global issue and will have a major impact on health policies and programmes. The World Health Organization's Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) aims to address the gap in reliable data and scientific knowledge on ageing and health in low- and middle-income countries. SAGE is a longitudinal study with nationally representative samples of persons aged 50+ years in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russ…
Child and Adolescent Affective and Behavioral Distress and Elevated Adult Body Mass Index
Diurnal cortisol rhythms among Latino immigrants in Oregon, USA
One of the most commonly used stress biomarkers is cortisol, a glucocorticoid hormone released by the adrenal glands that is central to the physiological stress response. Free cortisol can be measured in saliva and has been the biomarker of choice in stress studies measuring the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Chronic psychosocial stress can lead to dysregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and results in …
Origins and Evolution of GenusHomo
Recent fossil and archaeological finds have complicated our interpretation of the origin and early evolution of genus Homo. Using an integrated data set from the fossil record and contemporary human and nonhuman primate biology, we provide a fresh perspective on three important shifts in human evolutionary history: (1) the emergence of Homo, (2) the transition between non-erectus early Homo and Homo erectus, and (3) the appearance of regional var…
Neandertal Energetics Revisited
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, adiposity, and blood pressure in the Yakut of Siberia
C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute-phase reactant and marker of inflammatory response, is known to be an important predictor of future cardiovascular mortality, independent of other risk factors. The purpose of this research was to investigate the association between CRP, adiposity, and blood pressure in the Yakut, an indigenous Siberian population undergoing rapid cultural change. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 265 healthy Yakut adults …
Origins and Evolution of GenusHomo
Recent fossil and archaeological finds have complicated our interpretation of the origin and early evolution of genus Homo. Using an integrated data set from the fossil record and contemporary human and nonhuman primate biology, we provide a fresh perspective on three important shifts in human evolutionary history: (1) the emergence of Homo, (2) the transition between non-erectus early Homo and Homo erectus, and (3) the appearance of regional var…
Metabolic Adaptation in Indigenous Siberian Populations
Previous research has suggested that arctic populations have elevated metabolic rates in response to their cold, marginal climate. Recent studies of indigenous Siberian groups have confirmed these earlier findings and have shed light on the mechanisms through which northern populations adapt to their environments. Indigenous Siberians show significant elevations in basal metabolic rate compared with reference values. Total energy expenditure is v…
Health of Indigenous Peoples
Indigenous populations worldwide are experiencing social, cultural, demographic, nutritional, and psychoemotional changes that have a profound impact on health. Regardless of their geographical location or sociopolitical situation, health indicators are always poorer for indigenous populations than for nonindigenous ones. The determinants of this gap are multiple and interactive, and their analysis requires a biocultural framework. Indigenous pop…
Neandertal Energetics Revisited
Heterogeneous effects of market integration on sub-adult body size and nutritional status among the Shuar of Amazonian Ecuador
This study provides novel insight into the complex socio-ecological pathways linking MI, physical growth and health among the Shuar and other indigenous Amazonian populations
Health of Indigenous Circumpolar Populations
Indigenous circumpolar populations have experienced profound transitions in lifeways over the past half-century as a result of economic development. Although there have been positive aspects of this social transformation, most circumpolar groups today have a triple burden of disease, with a modestly elevated infectious disease level, an elevated and increasing burden of chronic conditions such as obesity and cardiovascular disease, and high rates…
Validation of an Optimized Elisa for Quantitative Assessment of Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies from Dried Blood Spots
Our objective was to validate a commercially available ELISA to measure antibody titers against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in dried blood spots (DBS) to replace a previously validated assay for DBS that is no longer available. We evaluated the precision, reliability, and stability of the assay for the measurement of EBV antibodies in matched plasma, fingerprick DBS, and venous blood DBS samples from 208 individuals. Effects of hematocrit and DBS sa…
Perceived Income Adequacy and Well-being Among Older Adults in Six Low- and Middle-Income Countries
As expected, income adequacy was correlated with SRH and QOL. However, the relationship between age and income adequacy varied cross-culturally, potentially due to differences in familial and governmental financial support
Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay-Based Quantitative Measurement of Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) in Dried Blood Spots, a Biomarker of Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease, which remains the leading cause of mortality in both higher and lower income countries. Here, we adapted an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) development kit for quantitative determination of ApoB levels in serum and plasma for use with dried blood spots (DBS). After confirming the dilution linearity of the assay for DBS, we measured ApoB in 208 venous DBS samples. T…
Development and validation of an Elisa for a biomarker of thyroid dysfunction, thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (TPO-Ab), in dried blood spots
Background The prevalence of allergic and autoimmune conditions has been steadily increasing in wealthy nations over the past century. One hypothesis put forward to explain this is the Old Friends Hypothesis, which posits that increased hygiene, urbanization, and lifestyle changes have reduced our exposure to parasites and microbes that we co-evolved with, resulting in immune dysregulation. However, research in traditionally living populations, w…
Diurnal cortisol rhythms among Latino immigrants in Oregon, USA
One of the most commonly used stress biomarkers is cortisol, a glucocorticoid hormone released by the adrenal glands that is central to the physiological stress response. Free cortisol can be measured in saliva and has been the biomarker of choice in stress studies measuring the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Chronic psychosocial stress can lead to dysregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and results in …
Isotopic tracking of prehistoric pinniped foraging and distribution along the central California coast
Zooarchaeological data from Monterey Bay and the adjacent central California coast corroborate earlier observations from northern California and Oregon that Callorhinus ursinus (northern fur seal) was a much more common component in prehistoric marine mammal prey than its present pelagic distribution and foraging habits would predict. C. ursinus remains from mid-Holocene Monterey Bay occurrences are predominantly from female individuals, associat…
Isotopic tracking of prehistoric pinniped foraging and distribution along the central California coast
Zooarchaeological data from Monterey Bay and the adjacent central California coast corroborate earlier observations from northern California and Oregon that Callorhinus ursinus (northern fur seal) was a much more common component in prehistoric marine mammal prey than its present pelagic distribution and foraging habits would predict. C. ursinus remains from mid-Holocene Monterey Bay occurrences are predominantly from female individuals, associat…
Health consequences of postsocialist transition
The rapid social and cultural changes introduced by the collapse of the Soviet Union have resulted in important differences in cardiovascular health for indigenous Siberians. This study investigated diet and lifestyle determinants of plasma lipids in the Yakut, an indigenous Siberian herding population. The study used a cross-sectional design with data on 201 subjects in three urbanized towns and three rural communities in northeastern Siberia. D…
Metabolic Adaptation in Indigenous Siberian Populations
Previous research has suggested that arctic populations have elevated metabolic rates in response to their cold, marginal climate. Recent studies of indigenous Siberian groups have confirmed these earlier findings and have shed light on the mechanisms through which northern populations adapt to their environments. Indigenous Siberians show significant elevations in basal metabolic rate compared with reference values. Total energy expenditure is v…
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, adiposity, and blood pressure in the Yakut of Siberia
C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute-phase reactant and marker of inflammatory response, is known to be an important predictor of future cardiovascular mortality, independent of other risk factors. The purpose of this research was to investigate the association between CRP, adiposity, and blood pressure in the Yakut, an indigenous Siberian population undergoing rapid cultural change. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 265 healthy Yakut adults …
Neandertal Energetics Revisited
Data Resource Profile
Population ageing is rapidly becoming a global issue and will have a major impact on health policies and programmes. The World Health Organization's Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) aims to address the gap in reliable data and scientific knowledge on ageing and health in low- and middle-income countries. SAGE is a longitudinal study with nationally representative samples of persons aged 50+ years in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russ…
Child and Adolescent Affective and Behavioral Distress and Elevated Adult Body Mass Index
Diurnal cortisol rhythms among Latino immigrants in Oregon, USA
One of the most commonly used stress biomarkers is cortisol, a glucocorticoid hormone released by the adrenal glands that is central to the physiological stress response. Free cortisol can be measured in saliva and has been the biomarker of choice in stress studies measuring the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Chronic psychosocial stress can lead to dysregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and results in …
Origins and Evolution of GenusHomo
Recent fossil and archaeological finds have complicated our interpretation of the origin and early evolution of genus Homo. Using an integrated data set from the fossil record and contemporary human and nonhuman primate biology, we provide a fresh perspective on three important shifts in human evolutionary history: (1) the emergence of Homo, (2) the transition between non-erectus early Homo and Homo erectus, and (3) the appearance of regional var…
Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour of Yakut (Sakha) adults
The Yakut have gender differences in amount and predictors of physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Triaxial accelerometry is more sensitive to daily physical activity in free living populations than single axis
Health of Indigenous Circumpolar Populations
Indigenous circumpolar populations have experienced profound transitions in lifeways over the past half-century as a result of economic development. Although there have been positive aspects of this social transformation, most circumpolar groups today have a triple burden of disease, with a modestly elevated infectious disease level, an elevated and increasing burden of chronic conditions such as obesity and cardiovascular disease, and high rates…
Sleep duration, sleep quality, and obesity risk among older adults from six middle‐income countries
OBJECTIVES: Changes in sleep patterns often occur in older adults. Previous studies have documented associations between sleep duration, sleep quality, and obesity risk in older individuals, yet few studies have examined these trends in lower-income countries. The present cross-sectional study uses nationally representative datasets from six countries to examine these relationships. METHODS: Two hypotheses related to obesity risk and sleep patter…
Seasonal variation in basal metabolic rates among the yakut (Sakha) of Northeastern Siberia
Among the Yakut, increased wintertime BMR was observed among younger but not older adults, whereas all adults showed sharp reductions in free thyroid hormone levels during the winter. Among men, greater participation in subsistence activities was associated with increased BMRs and greater fat oxidation. Among women, variation in food use had the strongest impact on metabolic function
Determining osteoporosis risk in older C olono adults from rural A mazonian E cuador using calcaneal ultrasonometry
OBJECTIVE: Low bone density and osteoporosis prevalence, while well-documented in wealthy nations, are poorly studied in rural, non-clinical contexts in economically developing regions such as Latin America. This study contributes preliminary osteoporosis risk data for a rural Colono (mestizo) population from Amazonian Ecuador. METHODS: Anthropometrics were collected for 119 adult participants (74 females, 45 males [50-90 years old]). Heel bone d…
Prevalence of overweight and obesity in older M exican adults and its association with physical activity and related factors
OBJECTIVES: The obesity epidemic in Mexico is increasing and represents a considerable public health challenge. The population aged 50 years and older is also increasing and is not exempt from the obesity rise. We aimed to determine the current prevalence of Body Mass Index (BMI) categories in a sample of Mexicans aged 50 years and older and to test the associations of BMI with physical activity categories and related factors. METHODS: Data from …
Physical function and activity among older adults in Jodhpur, India
This study provides further evidence for a positive relationship between physical activity and functional ability among older adults and between physical activity and cardiovascular health among women in India
Health of Indigenous Peoples
Indigenous populations worldwide are experiencing social, cultural, demographic, nutritional, and psychoemotional changes that have a profound impact on health. Regardless of their geographical location or sociopolitical situation, health indicators are always poorer for indigenous populations than for nonindigenous ones. The determinants of this gap are multiple and interactive, and their analysis requires a biocultural framework. Indigenous pop…
Perceived Income Adequacy and Well-being Among Older Adults in Six Low- and Middle-Income Countries
As expected, income adequacy was correlated with SRH and QOL. However, the relationship between age and income adequacy varied cross-culturally, potentially due to differences in familial and governmental financial support
Heterogeneous effects of market integration on sub-adult body size and nutritional status among the Shuar of Amazonian Ecuador
This study provides novel insight into the complex socio-ecological pathways linking MI, physical growth and health among the Shuar and other indigenous Amazonian populations
Validation of an Optimized Elisa for Quantitative Assessment of Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies from Dried Blood Spots
Our objective was to validate a commercially available ELISA to measure antibody titers against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in dried blood spots (DBS) to replace a previously validated assay for DBS that is no longer available. We evaluated the precision, reliability, and stability of the assay for the measurement of EBV antibodies in matched plasma, fingerprick DBS, and venous blood DBS samples from 208 individuals. Effects of hematocrit and DBS sa…
Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay-Based Quantitative Measurement of Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) in Dried Blood Spots, a Biomarker of Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease, which remains the leading cause of mortality in both higher and lower income countries. Here, we adapted an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) development kit for quantitative determination of ApoB levels in serum and plasma for use with dried blood spots (DBS). After confirming the dilution linearity of the assay for DBS, we measured ApoB in 208 venous DBS samples. T…
Development and validation of an Elisa for a biomarker of thyroid dysfunction, thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (TPO-Ab), in dried blood spots
Background The prevalence of allergic and autoimmune conditions has been steadily increasing in wealthy nations over the past century. One hypothesis put forward to explain this is the Old Friends Hypothesis, which posits that increased hygiene, urbanization, and lifestyle changes have reduced our exposure to parasites and microbes that we co-evolved with, resulting in immune dysregulation. However, research in traditionally living populations, w…
Suicidal ideation in older Ghanaian women
BACKGROUND: Although approximately 79% of the world's suicides occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the limited research in these regions has primarily focused on the rates of suicide attempts (SA) and ideation among men and younger members of the population. AIM: This study investigated the associations between bodily pain, functional limitation, chronic health conditions, and suicidal ideation among older Ghanaian women with a pos…
Multiplying co-intensional properties
Bart Streumer employs a reductio ad absurdum to show that a hyperintensional conception of properties has a multiplication problem; roughly, this conception of properties leads to the absurd result that we can multiply distinct but cointensional properties without end.In this paper, I will explain why Streumer's reductio fails to convince
Sustained metabolic dysregulation and the emergence of diabetes
Introduction Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), diabetes, and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have been a major focus of research in recent decades as the prevalence of these conditions continues to rapidly increase globally. However, the timing and patterns of development from metabolic risk factors to disease states are less well understood and are especially critical to understand in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and populations under…
Medicine (19 works) · Biology (11 works) · Internal Medicine (11 works) · Environmental health (10 works) · Demography (8 works) · Population (8 works) · Ecology (7 works) · Gerontology (7 works) · Endocrinology (6 works) · Geography (6 works)