Francisco Rothhammer
Biographic Data
| ID | 88555 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Francisco Rothhammer |
| GIVEN NAMES | Francisco |
| FAMILY NAME | Rothhammer |
| SIGNATURE | ROTHHAMMER F |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Tarapacá |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5228-1180 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 61 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 313 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 60 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1976 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
Distribution of Polymorphisms Associated With Obesity in a Sample of Admixed Mexican Adults
Disentangling Signatures of Selection Before and After European Colonization in Latin Americans
Throughout human evolutionary history, large-scale migrations have led to intermixing (i.e., admixture) between previously separated human groups. Although classical and recent work have shown that studying admixture can yield novel historical insights, the extent to which this process contributed to adaptation remains underexplored. Here, we introduce a novel statistical model, specific to admixed populations, that identifies loci under selectio…
Pre-European Plant Consumption and Cultural Changes in the Coastal Lluta Valley, Atacama Desert, Northern Chile (Ca. 5140–390 Cal Yr BP)
Un ensayo sobre genética, arqueología y movilidad humana temprana
El propósito de este ensayo es el de expresar mis inquietudes en relación a los modelos genéticos centrados en el poblamiento temprano de las Américas. Mi interés aquí radica simplemente en plantear preguntas y discutir las formas, desde la perspectiva de la arqueología antropológica, de mejorar las contribuciones de los estudios genéticos y, con algo de suerte, generar un acercamiento entre los estudios genéticos y arqueológicos sobre el asunto …
Obesity, genomic ancestry, and socioeconomic variables in Latin American mestizos
The proportion of obesity was heavily dependent on the index and the population. Genomic ancestry has a significant influence on the anthropometric measurements, especially on central adiposity. As a whole, we detected a large interpopulation variation that suggests that better approaches to overweight and obesity phenotypes are needed in order to obtain more precise reference values
Variation in dental morphology and inference of continental ancestry in admixed Latin Americans
Objectives To investigate the variation in dental nonmetric traits and to evaluate the utility of this variation for inferring genetic ancestry proportions in a sample of admixed Latin Americans. Materials and Methods We characterized a sample from Colombia ( N = 477) for 34 dental traits and obtained estimates of individual Native American, European, and African ancestry using genome‐wide SNP data. We tested for correlation between dental traits…
From the Pacific to the Tropical Forests
The social groups that initially inhabited the hyper arid core of the Atacama Desert of northern Chile during the late Pleistocene integrated a wide range of local, regional and supra regional goods and ideas for their social reproduction as suggested by the archaeological evidence contained in several open camps in Pampa del Tamarugal (PdT). Local resources for maintaining their every-day life, included stone raw material, wood, plant and animal…
Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup variation of contemporary mixed South Americans reveals prehistoric displacements linked to archaeologically‐derived culture history
We propose an updated model of South American colonization that is fully compatible with previous studies based on autosomal, mtDNA, and Y chromosome variation and with archaeologically-derived culture history
Relación entre tratamiento hormonal, cirugía-ortodoncia maxilofacial, traumatismos y malformaciones craneofaciales y la asimetría fluctuante
En este trabajo se evalúa la relación entre la asimetría fluctuante facial (AFF) y los tratamientos hormonales, cirugías maxilofaciales, ortodoncia, traumatismos y malformaciones. En el marco del proyecto CANDELA, se tomaron cinco fotografías faciales de 3162 voluntarios entre los 18 y 85 años. Por fotogrametría se colocaron 34 landmarks o puntos en 3D y mediante el método Procrustes ANOVA se obtuvieron valores individuales de asimetría fluctuant…
Puede El Adn Mitocondrial Proporcionar Información Sobre La Etnogénesis De Los Pueblos Originarios Chilenos
A pesar del esfuerzo realizado por numerosos investigadores, el conocimiento existente acerca del origen de la mayoría de los pue- blos originarios chilenos continúa siendo fragmentario y parcialmente contradictorio. En consecuencia nos hemos propuesto como objetivo contribuir al esclarecimiento de este importante aspecto de la historia del pueblo chileno, ofreciendo un enfoque desde la perspectiva de la genética histórica. Examinamos, en primer …
Intra-Individual Response Variability Assessed by Ex-Gaussian Analysis may be a New Endophenotype for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Intra-individual variability of Response Times (RTisv) is considered as potential endophenotype for Attentional Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Traditional methods for estimating RTisv lose information regarding Response Times (RTs) distribution along the task, with eventual effects on statistical power. Ex-Gaussian analysis captures the dynamic nature of RTisv, estimating normal and exponential components for RT distribution, with specifi…
Facial asymmetry and genetic ancestry in L atin A merican admixed populations
Fluctuating and directional asymmetry are aspects of morphological variation widely used to infer environmental and genetic factors affecting facial phenotypes. However, the genetic basis and environmental determinants of both asymmetry types is far from being completely known. The analysis of facial asymmetries in admixed individuals can be of help to characterize the impact of a genome's heterozygosity on the developmental basis of both fluctua…
Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans
Temprana Complejidad Funeraria en La Costa Norte De Chile
Este ensayo tiene por objetivo analizar y comentar información relacionada con el origen biológico y las técnicas de embalsamamiento que emplearon los grupos arcaicos costeros del norte de Chile. Publicaciones recientes sobre el tema son analizadas críticamente y utilizadas como punto de partida para plantear hipótesis relacionadas. No es posible asegurar, con base en evidencia reciente, que los Chinchorro son descendientes directos de los pescad…
Retention of hunter–gatherer economies among maritime foragers from Caleta Vitor, northern Chile, during the late Holocene
Quest for the Origins and Implications for Social Rights of the Mapuche in the Southern Cone of South America
Debates over the cultural and biological origins of some indigenous groups in the Americas have fueled discussions about cultural identity, political justice, and resource rights. A historically high-profile case of rights and origins has involved the Araucanians or Mapuche of the southern cone of South America. This article examines, for the first time, the recent interdisciplinary archaeological and other anthropological evidence for the Mapuch…
Reconstructing Native American population history
Rise and Decline of Chinchorro Sacred Landscapes Along the Hyperarid Coast of the Atacama Desert
The study of complex funerary ritual development among hunters and gatherers societies should take into account how people made up for the continuity of their social system without the support of centralized organizations. This research integrates cultural and natural factors to explore how the Chinchorro carried on with their way of life isolated at geographically restricted perennial river mouths with fresh water along the Atacama Desert in the…
Ocupaciones humanas tempranas y condiciones paleoambientales en el Desierto de Atacama durante la transición Pleistoceno-Holoceno
El Desierto de Atacama (Arica a Taltal, 18°-25° S), uno de los ambientes más áridos del planeta, ha sido considerado un hábitat inhóspito y, por ende, una barrera importante para los grupos de cazadores- recolectores que migraron a Sudamérica a fines delPleistoceno. Recientes datos paleocológicos y geomorfológicos, resumidos aquí, evidencian que durante la transición Pleistoceno-Holoceno (c. 17.500-9500 cal AP) algunos sectores del Atacama fueron…
Morphometric and Mtdna Analyses of Archaic Skeletal Remains From Southwestern South America
For decades anthropologists have discussed how and when the Americas were peopled. The prevailing view is that the first Paleoindians, ancestors of the Amerindians, arrived from Asia and Beringia to the American continent using a Pacific coastal route in pre-Clovis times. In this article skeletal remains dated 9000-4000 BP, excavated from archaeological sites in northern, central and southern Chile, were analyzed using geometric morphometric and …
Native highland and lowland populations differ in .Gamma.-globin gene promoter polymorphisms related to altered fetal hemoglobin levels and delayed fetal to adult globin switch after birth
Lowered partial oxygen pressure at high altitude exerts a strong selection pressure. Since hypoxia is most serious for the fetus, fetal hemoglobin genes (HBG1, HBG2) are candidates for genetic adaptation to high altitude. The aim of this study was to compare promoter polymorphisms of these genes for differences between highland and lowland populations. In 50 native highlanders of the Chilean Andes and 50 lowlanders of European ancestry, the promo…
Perimortem trauma in the Atacama Desert and social violence during the late Formative period (2500-1700 years BP)
This paper describes a case of a mass grave containing three naturally mummified adults with multiple traumas to the skeletal and soft tissues, buried in an isolated and informal grave in one of the valleys that traverses the Atacama Desert, north of Chile. These traumas do not appear to be indicative of post-depositional alterations. Instead, we hypothesise that the observed marks correspond to lethal perimortem trauma, the result of acts of ext…
Revisita Al Tercer Caso De Verticalidad De John Murra en Las Costas De Los Andes Centrales Y Centro Sur
A partir de la confrontacion de datos arqueologicos, etnohistoricos y bioantropologicos de los periodos Intermedio Tardio y Tardio (ca. 1.000-1.530 d.C), se evaluo si las poblaciones del valle de Lluta se organizaron economicamente bajo el Tercer Caso de Verticalidad de John Murra. Para ello centramos la atencion en el sector chaupiyunga, etnocategoria geografica de alta valorizacion en el sistema vertical de pisos ecologicos entre la costa y el …
Geographic Patterns of Genome Admixture in Latin American Mestizos
The large and diverse population of Latin America is potentially a powerful resource for elucidating the genetic basis of complex traits through admixture mapping. However, no genome-wide characterization of admixture across Latin America has yet been attempted. Here, we report an analysis of admixture in thirteen Mestizo populations (i.e. in regions of mainly European and Native settlement) from seven countries in Latin America based on data for…
Microdiferenciación Craneana en La Costa De Arica Y Valle De Azapa, Norte De Chile
Recientemente, Sutter y Mertz (2004) a base de un anlisis de rasgos craneanos no mtricos postularon una ausencia de variacin desde el Arcaico costero hasta el perodo Intermedio Tardo en el valle de Azapa, en contraposicin a nuestros hallazgos que sustentaban un importante proceso microevolutivo. Los objetivos del presente estudio son indagar acerca de los factores que podran dar cuenta de las discrepancias entre nuestros resultados y aquellos rep…
Distribution of the four founding lineage haplotypes in native Americans suggests a single wave of migration for the New World
The distribution of the four founding lineage haplogroups in Native Americans from North, Central, and South America shows a north to south increase in the frequency of lineage B and a North to South decrease in the frequency of lineage A. All four founding lineage haplogroups were detected in North, Central, and South America, and in Greenberg et al.'s ([1986] Curr. Anthropol. 27: 477–497) three major linguistic groups (Amerind, NaDene, and Eska…
El Desarrollo Cultural En El Valle De Azapa, Extremo Norte De Chile Y Su Vinculación Con Los Desplazamientos Poblacionales Altiplánicos
The results of an analysis of cranial measurements obtained from 223 skeletal samples, exhumed in 11 archaeological sites of Arica littoral and the Azapa valley, in extreme north Chile are presented. The object of this analysis is to reconstruct the biological history of the prehistoric inhabitants of the coast and the valley, in the context of their interaction with demographically and culturally more developed centers around Lake Titicaca. To t…
Microevolution in prehistoric andean populations
Mahalanobis D 2 statistics (with size and shape components) were computed for nine craniometric variables among five prehistoric groups representing steps in the microevolutionary history of a coastal population in Northern Chile. Roughly 80% of craniometric variation was found to be explained by chronologic distance covering a period of roughly 6500 years. Kinship decreases in this population at a relatively constant rate of 8.6 × 10 −5 per year
Craniometrical variation among South American prehistoric populations
The independent contributions of climate, altitude, chronology, and geographic location of archeological sites to craniometrical variation are analyzed in a sample of 1,119 skulls from South America. Geographic location is responsible for the highest proportion of craniometrical variation, followed by climate and altitude. It is concluded that geographic isolation has partially prevented gene flow from counterbalancing craniometrical microdiffere…
Retention of hunter–gatherer economies among maritime foragers from Caleta Vitor, northern Chile, during the late Holocene
Peopling of Andean South America
Archeological, craniometrical, and genetic information is utilized to reconstruct possible migration routes used in the peopling of Andean South America. Special emphasis is given to the elaboration of craniometrical isoline maps and its application in testing models of population displacement based on archeological data. A genetic distance analysis among linguistic groupings complements the conclusions based on archeological and craniometrical i…
Microevolution in prehistoric Andean populations
Multivariate distance statistics were computed from 14 nonmetrical cranial variables among five prehistoric samples representing steps in the microevolutionary history of a coastal population in northern Chile. Roughly 70% of nonmetrical cranial variation was found to be explained by chronologic distance covering a period of 6,500 years. This estimate is similar to a previous one derived from craniometric data. Implications of these findings are …
Variation in dental morphology and inference of continental ancestry in admixed Latin Americans
Objectives To investigate the variation in dental nonmetric traits and to evaluate the utility of this variation for inferring genetic ancestry proportions in a sample of admixed Latin Americans. Materials and Methods We characterized a sample from Colombia ( N = 477) for 34 dental traits and obtained estimates of individual Native American, European, and African ancestry using genome‐wide SNP data. We tested for correlation between dental traits…
Microevolution in prehistoric Andean populations
Archeological evidence suggests that the iconographic and technological developments that took place in the highlands around Lake Titicaca in the Central Andean region had an influence on the cultural elaborations of the human groups in the valleys and the Pacific coast of northern Chile. In a previous communication, we were able to show, by means of a distance analysis, that a craniofacial differentiation accompanied the process of cultural evol…
Revisita Al Tercer Caso De Verticalidad De John Murra en Las Costas De Los Andes Centrales Y Centro Sur
A partir de la confrontacion de datos arqueologicos, etnohistoricos y bioantropologicos de los periodos Intermedio Tardio y Tardio (ca. 1.000-1.530 d.C), se evaluo si las poblaciones del valle de Lluta se organizaron economicamente bajo el Tercer Caso de Verticalidad de John Murra. Para ello centramos la atencion en el sector chaupiyunga, etnocategoria geografica de alta valorizacion en el sistema vertical de pisos ecologicos entre la costa y el …
Gene geography of South America
Gene frequencies for 13 marker systems are used to construct synthetic gene frequency maps of South America. The surfaces generated using the first three principal components exhibit clines which validate models of population displacement based on archeological data and a previous analysis of craniometrical variation. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc
A collation of marker gene and dermatoglyphic diversity at various levels of population differentiation
The use of dermatoglyphic traits to describe interpopulational diversity among human populations at various levels of differentiation is compared with similar analysis of gene frequency data by means of nonparametric methods employing distance matrices and dendrograms, and by a partition of total variability into its between and within population components. Congruence of dermatoglyphics and gene markers appears to vary with level of population d…
Natural Selection and Morphological Variability
Two hypotheses concerning the influence of natural selection intensity on intra- and interpopulational variability of metric characteristics of the human skull ar tested. Using data on 58 series from Europe and its environs dating from Neolithic to modern times, it has been found that with the decline of the decline of the intensity of operation of natural selection (1) intragroup variability increases, (2) intergroup variability decreases, and (…
Genetic variability in Chilean Indian populations and its association with geography, language, and culture
Genetic variability among seven Chilean Indian populations (Aymara, Atacameño, Diaguita, Pehuenche, Mapuche, Alacaluf, and Yagan) is measured in terms of net codon differences per locus from gene frequency data on seven serologic markers. Indices of cultural and linguistic differences are computed surveying the various ethnographic accounts of these tribal populations. Of the variables, culture, language, geography, and the degree of Caucasoid ad…
MtDNA microevolution in Southern Chile's archipelagos
The genetic variability of four predominantly Indian populations of southern Chile's archipelagos was examined by determining the frequencies of four mitochondrial DNA haplogroups that characterize the American Indian populations. Over 90% of the individuals analyzed presented Native American mtDNA haplogroups. By means of an unweighted group pair method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram, a principal component analysis (PCA) derived from a …
The Aymara
From the Pacific to the Tropical Forests
The social groups that initially inhabited the hyper arid core of the Atacama Desert of northern Chile during the late Pleistocene integrated a wide range of local, regional and supra regional goods and ideas for their social reproduction as suggested by the archaeological evidence contained in several open camps in Pampa del Tamarugal (PdT). Local resources for maintaining their every-day life, included stone raw material, wood, plant and animal…
Perimortem trauma in the Atacama Desert and social violence during the late Formative period (2500-1700 years BP)
This paper describes a case of a mass grave containing three naturally mummified adults with multiple traumas to the skeletal and soft tissues, buried in an isolated and informal grave in one of the valleys that traverses the Atacama Desert, north of Chile. These traumas do not appear to be indicative of post-depositional alterations. Instead, we hypothesise that the observed marks correspond to lethal perimortem trauma, the result of acts of ext…
Chagas' disease in pre‐Columbian South America
The quest for the origin and dispersion of Chagas' disease, the second most important vector‐borne disease in Latin America, has epidemiological, immunological, and genetical implications. Conjectures based on accounts of chroniclers, reviews of the archaeological literature and the present distribution of triatomine bugs, the vectors of the disease, held that the origin of the adaptation of Triatoma infestans (aspecies of the subfamily Triatomin…
Brief communication
A molecular characterization of alleles O1, O1variant (O1v), and the mutation G542A of the ABO blood group was performed in two Amerindian populations of Chile, the Aymara (n = 84) and the Huilliche (n = 75). In addition, a sample of 82 individuals of Santiago belonging to the mixed Chilean population was typed for comparative purposes. The polymorphisms which allow for molecular differentiation of different alleles of the O blood group were stud…
Part IV
Correlations between relatives (N=1476 pairs) for lung function (FVC, FEV‐3, FEV‐1 and Peak Flow rate) and height were determined in an Aymara population residing at different altitudes in Chile. The correlations reflect a heritability of lung function (adjusted for age, sex and height) which is lower than that for height in this population. Few of the coefficients were significantly different from zero for the vital capacity (FVC), suggesting a …
Análisis De Adnmt De Restos Esqueletales Del Sitio Arqueológico De Tiwanaku Y Su Relación Con El Origen De Sus Constructores
Las hiptesis sobre el origen de las poblaciones que construyeron Tiwanaku basadas en informacin lingstica y etnohistrica son contrastadas haciendo uso de ADN mitocondrial antiguo, aislado de restos esqueletales. Se analizaron 18 muestras de las cuales 13 rindieron amplificados para los marcadores amerindios. La distribucin de haplogrupos (A: 8%, B: 15%, C: 23%, D: 23% y otros 31%) relaciona genticamente a la poblacin estudiada con grupos amaznico…
Dermatoglyphic characters and physique
The association of anthropometrics, particularly hand measurements, with dermatoglyphic characters is quantified. Children with square hands exhibit higher main line indices, a‐b ridge counts, and more open atd angles. Adults with broader hands have more arches. Taller individuals with larger hands present higher a‐b ridge counts and leaner subjects with long narrow hands, closer atd angles. The correlation of physique and dermatoglyphics is smal…
A Multinational Andean Genetic and Health Program. VIII. Lung function changes with migration between altitudes
Studies of lung function in high altitude populations have suggested the influence of hypoxic environment on the development of this characteristic independent of confounding variables such as ethnicity and habitual exercise. However, often the effect of altitude on vital capacity is greater in children than adults, suggesting that more than developmental adaptation is operative. Also selective migration could account for the similarity of migran…
The Chipaya of Bolivia
Dermatoglyphic data on 15 traits (digital arches, digital radial loops, digital ulnar loops, digital whorls, I loops, I r loops, H loops, Ĥ loops, III loops, IV loops, mainline C absence, total ridge count, a‐b ridge count, atd angle, and mainline index) are presented for 141 Chipaya Indians of Bolivia. Ethnic relationships of these Indians to nine South American Indian tribes (Alacaluf, Atacameño, Aymara, Cashinahua, Chácobo, Chama, Chané, Quech…
Genetic variability in Chilean Indian populations and its association with geography, language, and culture
Genetic variability among seven Chilean Indian populations (Aymara, Atacameño, Diaguita, Pehuenche, Mapuche, Alacaluf, and Yagan) is measured in terms of net codon differences per locus from gene frequency data on seven serologic markers. Indices of cultural and linguistic differences are computed surveying the various ethnographic accounts of these tribal populations. Of the variables, culture, language, geography, and the degree of Caucasoid ad…
A collation of marker gene and dermatoglyphic diversity at various levels of population differentiation
The use of dermatoglyphic traits to describe interpopulational diversity among human populations at various levels of differentiation is compared with similar analysis of gene frequency data by means of nonparametric methods employing distance matrices and dendrograms, and by a partition of total variability into its between and within population components. Congruence of dermatoglyphics and gene markers appears to vary with level of population d…
The Chipaya of Bolivia
Dermatoglyphic data on 15 traits (digital arches, digital radial loops, digital ulnar loops, digital whorls, I loops, I r loops, H loops, Ĥ loops, III loops, IV loops, mainline C absence, total ridge count, a‐b ridge count, atd angle, and mainline index) are presented for 141 Chipaya Indians of Bolivia. Ethnic relationships of these Indians to nine South American Indian tribes (Alacaluf, Atacameño, Aymara, Cashinahua, Chácobo, Chama, Chané, Quech…
A multinational Andean Genetic and Health Program
In 1972 a multidisciplinary study sought to assess the health status of the indigenous peoples of the Department of Arica in northern Chile, the Aymara, and to relate disease, morphological, physiological and biochemical variation, to the wide changes in altitude of the region. Presented here are the morphological changes which accompany age, altitude and ethnicity amoung 1047 children and adults, permanent residents of the coast, sierra and alti…
Sex dimorphism in adult stature in four Chilean populations
The sex dimorphism for adult stature is compared in four Chilean populations which differ in their Amerindian ABO blood group composition. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between sex dimorphism and Amerindian admixture in these populations. Assuming, on one hand, that sex chromosomes have an influence on adult stature and human growth and considering, on the other, that the four populations differ in their X and Y chromoso…
Natural Selection and Morphological Variability
Two hypotheses concerning the influence of natural selection intensity on intra- and interpopulational variability of metric characteristics of the human skull ar tested. Using data on 58 series from Europe and its environs dating from Neolithic to modern times, it has been found that with the decline of the decline of the intensity of operation of natural selection (1) intragroup variability increases, (2) intergroup variability decreases, and (…
A Multinational Andean Genetic and Health Program. VIII. Lung function changes with migration between altitudes
Studies of lung function in high altitude populations have suggested the influence of hypoxic environment on the development of this characteristic independent of confounding variables such as ethnicity and habitual exercise. However, often the effect of altitude on vital capacity is greater in children than adults, suggesting that more than developmental adaptation is operative. Also selective migration could account for the similarity of migran…
Part IV
Correlations between relatives (N=1476 pairs) for lung function (FVC, FEV‐3, FEV‐1 and Peak Flow rate) and height were determined in an Aymara population residing at different altitudes in Chile. The correlations reflect a heritability of lung function (adjusted for age, sex and height) which is lower than that for height in this population. Few of the coefficients were significantly different from zero for the vital capacity (FVC), suggesting a …
Dermatoglyphic characters and physique
The association of anthropometrics, particularly hand measurements, with dermatoglyphic characters is quantified. Children with square hands exhibit higher main line indices, a‐b ridge counts, and more open atd angles. Adults with broader hands have more arches. Taller individuals with larger hands present higher a‐b ridge counts and leaner subjects with long narrow hands, closer atd angles. The correlation of physique and dermatoglyphics is smal…
Microevolution in prehistoric andean populations
Mahalanobis D 2 statistics (with size and shape components) were computed for nine craniometric variables among five prehistoric groups representing steps in the microevolutionary history of a coastal population in Northern Chile. Roughly 80% of craniometric variation was found to be explained by chronologic distance covering a period of roughly 6500 years. Kinship decreases in this population at a relatively constant rate of 8.6 × 10 −5 per year
Microevolution in prehistoric Andean populations
Multivariate distance statistics were computed from 14 nonmetrical cranial variables among five prehistoric samples representing steps in the microevolutionary history of a coastal population in northern Chile. Roughly 70% of nonmetrical cranial variation was found to be explained by chronologic distance covering a period of 6,500 years. This estimate is similar to a previous one derived from craniometric data. Implications of these findings are …
Erythrocyte and HLA antigens of Atacameño Indians
The present study reports the results of erythrocyte antigen typing for the following systems: ABO, MN, Rh, Kell, Duffy, and Diego in roughly 180 Atacameño Indians from the oasis of Toconao, northern Chile. A subsample was tested for variation at the histocompatibility loci A, B, and C. Results agree with previous findings based on smaller samples. Caucasian admixture of the Atacameños from Toconao was estimated to be 0.056 ± 0.022
Relaciones y afinidades biológicas de la población prehistórica de San Pedro de Atacama
La preocupación por el estudio de las características biológicas de la población prehistórica en San Pedro de Atacama surge en la década del 60 con el progresode los trabajos arqueológicos realizados en la zona (Le Paige 1957, 1958, 1961, 1963, 1964; Orellana 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, etc.) y con ellos la integración de una importante colección de restos óseos hasta hoy escasamente descrita a pesar de la existencia de varios trabajos realizados con…
Genetic studies in Atacameño Indians
Phenotype and gene frequencies among Atacameño Indians are presented for nine serum protein polymorphisms (Hp, Gc with subtypes, Tf with subtypes, Amy, C3, Bf, PLG) and nine red-cell-enzyme polymorphisms (AcP, PGM1 with subtypes, AK, ADA, 6-PGD, GPT, EsD, GLO). Four systems--Tf, Amy, AK, ADA were found to be monomorphic. In the PGM1 subtypes an extremely high frequency of PGM1a3 could be observed. In two samples a new Gc mutant was identified and…
Chagas' disease in pre‐Columbian South America
The quest for the origin and dispersion of Chagas' disease, the second most important vector‐borne disease in Latin America, has epidemiological, immunological, and genetical implications. Conjectures based on accounts of chroniclers, reviews of the archaeological literature and the present distribution of triatomine bugs, the vectors of the disease, held that the origin of the adaptation of Triatoma infestans (aspecies of the subfamily Triatomin…
A note on the presence of blood groups A and B in pre‐Columbian South America
The results of ABO typing in Chilean mummies, a review of published South American paleoserological studies and a systematic discrepancy of admixture estimates based on ABO and Gm genes support the hypothesis that Andean pre‐Columbian populations possessed the A (and perhaps the B) gene in small frequencies
Peopling of Andean South America
Archeological, craniometrical, and genetic information is utilized to reconstruct possible migration routes used in the peopling of Andean South America. Special emphasis is given to the elaboration of craniometrical isoline maps and its application in testing models of population displacement based on archeological data. A genetic distance analysis among linguistic groupings complements the conclusions based on archeological and craniometrical i…
Craniometrical variation among South American prehistoric populations
The independent contributions of climate, altitude, chronology, and geographic location of archeological sites to craniometrical variation are analyzed in a sample of 1,119 skulls from South America. Geographic location is responsible for the highest proportion of craniometrical variation, followed by climate and altitude. It is concluded that geographic isolation has partially prevented gene flow from counterbalancing craniometrical microdiffere…
The Aymara
The chinchorro people of Northern Chile 5000 BC-500 BC, a review of their culture and relationships
The earliest human occupation of the South American Pacific Coast at latitudes of around 18° South appears to have been by hunters and gatherers in the process of adapting to a maritime setting. One of their most distinctive features are their ritual treatment of their dead by a form of mummification. These mummies are the earliest yet described. The bodies were eviscerated, treated internally and externally, refilled with a variety of materials,…
Gene geography of South America
Gene frequencies for 13 marker systems are used to construct synthetic gene frequency maps of South America. The surfaces generated using the first three principal components exhibit clines which validate models of population displacement based on archeological data and a previous analysis of craniometrical variation. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc
Debate sobre o artigo de Castiel
Distribution of the four founding lineage haplotypes in native Americans suggests a single wave of migration for the New World
The distribution of the four founding lineage haplogroups in Native Americans from North, Central, and South America shows a north to south increase in the frequency of lineage B and a North to South decrease in the frequency of lineage A. All four founding lineage haplogroups were detected in North, Central, and South America, and in Greenberg et al.'s ([1986] Curr. Anthropol. 27: 477–497) three major linguistic groups (Amerind, NaDene, and Eska…
Origin of Amerindian Y‐chromosomes as inferred by the analysis of six polymorphic markers
We analysed the frequency of six Y-specific polymorphisms in 105 Amerindian males from seven different populations, 42 Caucasian males, and a small number of males of African, Chinese, and Melanesian origin. The combination of three of the six polymorphisms studied produced four different Y-haplogroups. The haplogroup A (non-variant) was the most frequent one. Eighty-five percent of Amerindians showing haplogroup A have the alphoid II (αhII) and …
Origin of Amerindian Y-chromosomes as inferred by the analysis of six polymorphic markers
We analysed the frequency of six Y-specific polymorphisms in 105 Amerindian males from seven different populations, 42 Caucasian males, and a small number of males of African, Chinese, and Melanesian origin. The combination of three of the six polymorphisms studied produced four different Y-haplogroups. The haplogroups A (non-variant) was the most frequent one. Eighty-five percent of Amerindians showing haplogroup A have the alphoid II (alpha hII…
Biology (38 works) · Geography (38 works) · Demography (25 works) · Forensic and Genetic Research (22 works) · Population (21 works) · Genetics (20 works) · Archaeology (19 works) · Evolutionary biology (17 works) · Genetics (17 works) · Sociology (15 works)