C Wu
Biographic Data
| ID | 8888 |
|---|---|
| NAME | C Wu |
| GIVEN NAMES | C |
| FAMILY NAME | Wu |
| SIGNATURE | WU C |
| AFFILIATIONS | York University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2652-5684 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 57 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 272 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 57 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2013 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Racial and ethnic differences in health
Race and ethnicity are commonly examined variables in health research. However, racial and ethnic disparities in health and the systemic mechanisms that generate them remain insufficiently understood. As a result, efforts to reduce these inequalities remain fragmented, and progress toward health equity has been limited. In this article, we discuss four problems that continue to constrain research on and efforts to address racial and ethnic health…
How have Asians experienced discrimination differently during Covid-19? The role of nativity
In this article, we consider differences in how native-born Asians and foreign-born Asians may have experienced rising anti-Asian attacks during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyze Canadian data from a national survey (two waves conducted in April and December 2020) that includes a subsample of 464 Asians (native-born=178; foreign-born=286). Results from negative binomial regressions suggest that perception of anti-Asian racism is highly conditione…
Wildlife policy, the food system and One Health
INTRODUCTION: Evolving human-wildlife interactions have contributed to emerging zoonoses outbreaks, and pandemic prevention policy for wildlife management and conservation requires enhanced consideration from this perspective. However, the risk of unintended consequences is high. In this study, we aimed to assess how unrecognised complexity and system adaptation can lead to policy failure, and how these dynamics may impact zoonotic spillover risk…
Polarization in the Canadian Public
Polarization has important democratic implications. In this study, the author challenges the claim that Canadians have not become more ideologically polarized. The author recognizes polarization as both a static condition and a dynamic process. A critical analysis of Canadian Election Study data from 2004 to 2021 reveals key patterns indicating that while the Canadian public may have not yet reached the polarized condition, they have been on a pa…
Gender and self-rated mental health
Did anti-Asian racism decrease after the Covid-19 pandemic in Canada
Transpacific Cartographies
Anti-Asian discrimination
The double-edged sword effect of workplace upward comparisons on employees’ behaviors
Political Polarization and the Dynamics between Actual Income and Perceived Income Inequality in the United States, 1987 to 2021
The rich often perceive lower levels of inequality than the poor. In recent decades, however, notions regarding the equality or inequality of our society have progressively taken on a more political nature. Consequently, people’s perceptions of income inequality may be less associated with their actual income status and more with their political ideology. The authors visualize this “political turn” using data from the U.S. General Social Survey (…
The gender citation gap
Do women face a disadvantage in terms of citation rates, and if so, in what ways? This article provides a comprehensive overview of existing research on the relationship between gender and citations. Three distinct approaches are identified: (1) per‐article approach that compares gender differences in citations between articles authored by men and women, (2) per‐author approach that compares the aggregate citation records of men and women scholar…
Social Trust in China
This article provides a comprehensive examination of social trust in China. It addresses ongoing debates about how much people trust, whether there is a trust crisis, and where trust comes from. Analyzing extensive harmonized data from the Chinese General Social Survey (2003–2021) and the World Values Survey (1990–2018) spanning three decades, we find that Chinese people have high levels of general trust in others; this high social trust has been…
A social price to the rising cost of living? The bidirectional relationship between inflation and trust
This study examines whether social trust, the general belief that most people are honest and trustworthy, shapes perceptions of personal increases in cost of living and whether perceptions of increases in cost of living affect social trust. We analyze panel data from the Canadian Quality of Work and Economic Life Study ( N = 2353) that was gathered between the fall of 2021 and spring of 2022, when inflation rose precipitously in Canada. Using a c…
The Trump Effect? Right-Wing Populism and Distrust in Voting by Mail in Canada
Do Donald Trump’s attacks on voting by mail influence how some Canadians view mail-in ballots? The Trump effect on views and behaviors surrounding voting by mail has been well documented in the United States. North of the border, more Canadians than ever voted by mail in the last general election. In this study, we consider how right-wing populism is associated with trust in voting by mail among Canadians. Specifically, we seek to test two main h…
A triple trust penalty? The majority-minority gap in subjective wellbeing
Ethnicity and Trust
Trust is not always lower among racial and ethnic minorities. The between-ethnicity differences in trust largely depend on the reference category. The within-ethnicity differences are often overlooked. In this study, we examine both social trust in others and political trust in governmental institutions among Chinese Canadians, one of the largest ethnic groups in Canada. We adopt a multidimensional comparative approach and analyze four major Chin…
Knowledge Management, Leadership, and Social Capital
Despite extensive research on spatial accessibility and connectivity, the specific role of reach centralities in differentiating areas with varying connectivity levels remains under-explored.In this context, this study examines the influence of reach centralities on the accessibility and connectivity of urban areas.It focuses on the Old Rusafa area in Baghdad, Iraq.Its aim is to determine if there is a correlation between reach centralities and t…
Inflation hardship, gender, and mental health
Inflation hit a 40 year high in the United States in 2022, yet the impact of inflation related hardships on distress is poorly understood, particularly the impact on women, whose income is already more limited. Using data from the US Household Pulse Survey (September-November 2022), we test whether exposure to inflation hardships is associated with greater distress and whether this association is moderated by gender (n = 119,531). We draw on a li…
Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Long Covid
This study assessed the relationship between race and long COVID and the role that socioeconomic plays in this relationship. We analyzed data from the Household Pulse Survey (HPS) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau from September 14 to September 26, 2022. Of the 18,061 individuals in the sample, 4,927 (weighted 28.6 percent) reported long COVID. We used multiple logistic regressions to examine the association between race, socioeconomic status, …
The gender citation gap
The weight of evidence suggests that articles written by men and women receive citations at comparable rates. This suggests that research quality or gender-based bias in research evaluation and citing behaviors may not be the reason why academic women accumulate fewer citations than men at the career level. In this article, I outline a career perspective that highlights women's disadvantages in career progression as the root causes for the gender…
Race, immigrant status, and inequality in physical activity
Physical activity improves health and well-being, but not everyone can be equally active. Previous research has suggested that racial minorities are less active than their white counterparts and immigrants are less active than their native-born counterparts. In this article, we adopt an intersectional and life course approach to consider how race and immigrant status may intersect to affect physical activity across the life span. This new approac…
The gender peak effect
In this article, we describe a gender peak effect that women's relative share in COVID-19 infections increases when there is a sharp increase in cases, and it reaches the highest level during peak times in each wave of the COVID-19 outbreak. We demonstrate this gender peak effect by analyzing detailed, sex-disaggregated Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) data. The data include 1,045,998 men and women who were confirmed cases of COVID-19 from M…
How Anti-Asian Racism is Experienced
Growing attention has been given to the massive spike in anti-Asian hate crimes since the COVID-19 outbreak. But it is also essential to recognize that not all Asians experience the rise of anti-Asian racism to the same degree. Many individual and contextual factors may shape individuals’ subjective experience of anti-Asian racism. Underlying Asians’ differential experiences are the unequal psychological consequences they bear. This essay explore…
Racial concentration and dynamics of Covid-19 vaccination in the United States
This article considers how county-level concentrations of Asians, Blacks, Hispanics, and Whites are associated with COVID-19 vaccination differently. I argue that racially specific mechanisms-differential concentrations of social vulnerability and political ideology by race-are likely to create diverse associations between racial concentration and COVID-19 vaccination not only across racial groups but also within racial groups over time from earl…
Why is trust lower in Quebec? A cultural explanation
In this article, we provide a cultural explanation of a long-standing trust puzzle in Canada-Quebecers trust much less than their fellow Canadians. Specifically, we develop a novel approach to empirically assess the historical influence of the Catholic Church, using the Quiet Revolution (a period of abrupt modernization in Quebec) as a natural experiment. We find that older cohorts socialized prior to the Quiet Revolution are significantly less t…
Local–national political trust patterns
Is political trust in China anomalous? In most countries there are systematic differences in the level of trust in national and local government that take one of three patterns. In some countries, individuals trust the national government more than local government (hierarchical trust); in others individuals trust local government more than national government; while in some countries individuals trust both levels of government equally. Of 11 Asi…
International students’ post-graduation migration plans and the search for home
Finding critical trusters
How can declining political trust in Western democracies be explained, especially, when it remains stable and high in authoritarian societies? Underlying this question is a debate about whether political trust represents a diffuse orientation toward the political system as a whole or a specific assessment of incumbent performance. This article argues that the solution requires a move away from existing approaches that focus on question content an…
Experiences matter
The US has experienced a substantial decline in social trust in recent decades. Surprisingly few studies analyze whether individual-level explanations can account for this decrease. We use three-wave panel data from the General Social Survey (2006-2014) to study the effects of four possible individual-level sources of changes in social trust: job loss, social ties, income, and confidence in political institutions. Findings from fixed-effects line…
Chinese Citizen Satisfaction with Government Performance during Covid-19
While foreign pundits have alternatively blamed and praised the Chinese government’s handling of the COVID-19 virus, little is known about how citizens within China understand this performance. This article considers how satisfied Chinese citizens are with their government’s performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. It first considers the impact of authoritarian control, political culture, and/or actual government performance on citizen satisfact…
How Stable is Generalized Trust? Internal Migration and the Stability of Trust Among Canadians
Immigration, Discrimination, and Trust
Many immigrants experience discrimination. In this paper we consider how discrimination affects their trust. We make a theoretical case for a formal mediation approach to studying the immigration, discrimination, and trust relationship. This approach shifts attention to the basic fact that the overall levels of discrimination experienced by different immigrant and native-born groups are not the same. We also build on previous empirical research b…
Can Bureaucrats Break Trust? Testing Cultural and Institutional Theories of Trust with Chinese Panel Data
What is the relationship between trust and the quality of political institutions in a society? According to an influential cultural perspective, social trust-the belief that most people can be trusted-is a value inculcated during individuals' formative years, and remains fixed afterward. A second perspective holds that social trust reflects experiences throughout the life course, particularly interactions with public institutions and officials. T…
Does Migration Affect Trust? Internal Migration and the Stability of Trust among Americans
Cary Wu*Department of Sociology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaCary Wu is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Sociology, York University. His publications on trust and migration appear in journals including Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, International Political Science Review, the American Sociologist, and Geoforum
Education and Social Trust in Transitional China
It is commonly held that education generates higher trust in others. In this article we consider how education might affect trust in transitional China where sociopolitical risks are widespread. We adopt an instrumental variable approach utilizing China’s two educational reforms––the Compulsory Education Law (1986) and the University Enrollment Expansion (1999)––as IVs. Analyzing data from the Chinese Family Panel Studies, we show a causal negati…
How does gun violence affect Americans' trust in each other
Moving from Urban Sociology to the Sociology of the City
Race & Political Trust
Americans’ trust in government is lower than ever. However, while all groups have seen a decline in trust since the 1960s, the gap in trust between racial and ethnic minorities and Whites in this period has varied not only in size but also in direction. At times, racial and ethnic minorities have actually had higher rates of trust than Whites, contradicting the broad assumptions in research about race and political trust. Explanations of the caus…
Social Workers' Caregiver Identity and Distress
Recent attention has been given to role-based professional identity dysfunction. Social workers may be particularly vulnerable to develop their identity or sense of self around the role of a caregiver and experience distress as a result. The authors used a sample of 213 social workers to test a hypothesized curvilinear relationship between their caregiver role identity and distress based on the control theory perspective of identity process and t…
Socioeconomic stratification and trajectories of social trust during Covid-19
Who Stays Physically Active during Covid-19? Inequality and Exercise Patterns in the United States
Exercising is crucial to keeping up physical and mental health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this visualization, the authors consider how existing social inequalities may create unequal physical exercise patterns during COVID-19 in the United States. Analyzing data from a nationally representative Internet panel of the University of Southern California Center for Economic and Social Research Understanding Coronavirus…
Coethnic Concentration and Asians’ Perceived Discrimination across U.S. Counties during Covid-19
Aggregate figures unequivocally depict an increase in anti-Asian sentiment in the United States and other Western countries since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, but there is limited understanding of the contexts under which Asians encounter discrimination. The authors examine how coethnic concentration shapes Asians’ experiences of discrimination across U.S. counties during COVID-19 and also assess whether county-level context (e.g., COVID-1…
How Does Actual Inequality Shape People's Perceptions of Inequality? A Class Perspective
While some scholars suggest that awareness of income inequality is strongest when the actual level of inequality is high, others find that individuals' awareness of income inequality is largely unresponsive to actual inequality. In this article, we argue that individuals in different social class positions often respond to the actual levels of income inequality distinctively, and therefore a class perspective is essential in understanding how act…
Current debates in urban theory from a scale perspective
Cities, all over the world, have become more diverse than ever. This poses great challenges to urban studies and theorising. In this article, we review current debates in urban theory through Howitt’s (1998) three-facet conceptualisation of geographical scale and find that urban theorists have high levels of disagreement on the areal (scale as size), the hierarchical (scale as level) as well as the dialectical (scale as relation) aspects of the c…
Live like mosquitoes
Although there has been a longstanding curiosity about the socio-political consequences of China’s remarkable urban–rural divide, we have yet to understand the divide’s possible influence on mental health. Using data from the 2016 wave of the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS), we find that depressive symptoms of both rural–urban migrants and rural residents are significantly higher than those of urban residents. Consistent with the fundame…
Fracking in China
China has recently become one of the world’s largest shale gas producers. However, little is known about how shale gas development and fracking affect local communities in China nor how local communities view this development. Drawing on fieldwork conducted during August 2015 in two villages in Sichuan province and Chongqing municipality, this article shows that while fracking leads to serious environmental and social problems there are also subs…
Anti-Asian discrimination
The gender citation gap
Do women face a disadvantage in terms of citation rates, and if so, in what ways? This article provides a comprehensive overview of existing research on the relationship between gender and citations. Three distinct approaches are identified: (1) per‐article approach that compares gender differences in citations between articles authored by men and women, (2) per‐author approach that compares the aggregate citation records of men and women scholar…
Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Long Covid
This study assessed the relationship between race and long COVID and the role that socioeconomic plays in this relationship. We analyzed data from the Household Pulse Survey (HPS) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau from September 14 to September 26, 2022. Of the 18,061 individuals in the sample, 4,927 (weighted 28.6 percent) reported long COVID. We used multiple logistic regressions to examine the association between race, socioeconomic status, …
The gender citation gap
The weight of evidence suggests that articles written by men and women receive citations at comparable rates. This suggests that research quality or gender-based bias in research evaluation and citing behaviors may not be the reason why academic women accumulate fewer citations than men at the career level. In this article, I outline a career perspective that highlights women's disadvantages in career progression as the root causes for the gender…
Study on screening of osteosarcoma U2OS cell inhibiting active components from Nidus vespae
This paper mainly examined the anti-osteosarcoma activity of total flavonoids extract from traditional Chinese medicine, nidus vespae. Orthogonal design was used to design the extraction process of total flavonoids. L(3(4)) orthogonal test was performed and the extracts obtained by three optimal extraction processes were used for anti-tumour activity screening in order to determine the optimal anti-tumour effective component of nidus vespae. MTT …
Social Workers' Caregiver Identity and Distress
Recent attention has been given to role-based professional identity dysfunction. Social workers may be particularly vulnerable to develop their identity or sense of self around the role of a caregiver and experience distress as a result. The authors used a sample of 213 social workers to test a hypothesized curvilinear relationship between their caregiver role identity and distress based on the control theory perspective of identity process and t…
Moving from Urban Sociology to the Sociology of the City
International students’ post-graduation migration plans and the search for home
Ethnicity, Democracy, Trust
Why do ethnic and racialized minorities have lower trust? While previous research emphasizes individual factors such as the national and cultural origins of ethnic groups, this paper draws attention to the ethnic majority-minority relationship. We argue that ethnic differences in trust are a function of the power dynamics underlying this relationship and that these dynamics are particularly salient in democratic political systems. To test this ar…
Live like mosquitoes
Although there has been a longstanding curiosity about the socio-political consequences of China’s remarkable urban–rural divide, we have yet to understand the divide’s possible influence on mental health. Using data from the 2016 wave of the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS), we find that depressive symptoms of both rural–urban migrants and rural residents are significantly higher than those of urban residents. Consistent with the fundame…
Fracking in China
China has recently become one of the world’s largest shale gas producers. However, little is known about how shale gas development and fracking affect local communities in China nor how local communities view this development. Drawing on fieldwork conducted during August 2015 in two villages in Sichuan province and Chongqing municipality, this article shows that while fracking leads to serious environmental and social problems there are also subs…
Finding critical trusters
How can declining political trust in Western democracies be explained, especially, when it remains stable and high in authoritarian societies? Underlying this question is a debate about whether political trust represents a diffuse orientation toward the political system as a whole or a specific assessment of incumbent performance. This article argues that the solution requires a move away from existing approaches that focus on question content an…
Local–national political trust patterns
Is political trust in China anomalous? In most countries there are systematic differences in the level of trust in national and local government that take one of three patterns. In some countries, individuals trust the national government more than local government (hierarchical trust); in others individuals trust local government more than national government; while in some countries individuals trust both levels of government equally. Of 11 Asi…
Immigration, Discrimination, and Trust
Many immigrants experience discrimination. In this paper we consider how discrimination affects their trust. We make a theoretical case for a formal mediation approach to studying the immigration, discrimination, and trust relationship. This approach shifts attention to the basic fact that the overall levels of discrimination experienced by different immigrant and native-born groups are not the same. We also build on previous empirical research b…
Current debates in urban theory from a scale perspective
Cities, all over the world, have become more diverse than ever. This poses great challenges to urban studies and theorising. In this article, we review current debates in urban theory through Howitt’s (1998) three-facet conceptualisation of geographical scale and find that urban theorists have high levels of disagreement on the areal (scale as size), the hierarchical (scale as level) as well as the dialectical (scale as relation) aspects of the c…
Anti-Asian discrimination and the Asian-white mental health gap during Covid-19
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread mental health issues. In this article, we consider how, due to a spike in anti-Asian hate crimes across the country, Asians might face a disproportionate mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Analyzing data from the University of Southern California’s Center for Economic and Social Research Understanding Coronavirus in America survey, we report several major findings. First, since the onset of …
Early life adversity and health inequality
This article examines the impact of early life adversity on health inequality from a life course perspective. We develop a dual interaction model that considers how both the frequency as well as the duration of early life adversity might shape an individual's health. Analyzing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011-2014), we show that not only does early life adversity have a direct effect on an individual's he…
Education and Social Trust in Transitional China
It is commonly held that education generates higher trust in others. In this article we consider how education might affect trust in transitional China where sociopolitical risks are widespread. We adopt an instrumental variable approach utilizing China’s two educational reforms––the Compulsory Education Law (1986) and the University Enrollment Expansion (1999)––as IVs. Analyzing data from the Chinese Family Panel Studies, we show a causal negati…
Does Migration Affect Trust? Internal Migration and the Stability of Trust among Americans
Cary Wu*Department of Sociology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaCary Wu is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Sociology, York University. His publications on trust and migration appear in journals including Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, International Political Science Review, the American Sociologist, and Geoforum
How does gun violence affect Americans' trust in each other
StopAsianHate
The rise of anti-Asian racism during the COVID-19 pandemic has been a global phenomenon. This article aims to develop a transcultural communication perspective to examine the global rise in anti-Asian violence. It discusses the intersection of global and local factors underlying the rise of anti-Asian racism in Canada, namely (1) the historical and ongoing impacts of settler colonialism (2) the flaws of Canadian multiculturalism, and (3) the insi…
Social capital and Covid-19
Growing evidence suggests that outbreaks such as the COVID-19 pandemic are better handled in places where social capital is high. Less clear, however, are the channels through which social capital makes communities better able to respond to outbreaks. In this article I develop a multidimensional and multilevel approach that compares the potential dissimilar effects of social capital in different forms and at different levels. As social capital in…
Chinese Citizen Satisfaction with Government Performance during Covid-19
While foreign pundits have alternatively blamed and praised the Chinese government’s handling of the COVID-19 virus, little is known about how citizens within China understand this performance. This article considers how satisfied Chinese citizens are with their government’s performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. It first considers the impact of authoritarian control, political culture, and/or actual government performance on citizen satisfact…
A scenic walk through Brenner’s New Urban Spaces in Toronto
This article reviews Brenner’s most recent monograph, New Urban Spaces, in which he demonstrates his systematic and decades-long effort into developing new epistemological perspectives, conceptual proposals, and methodological strategies for urban investigation in our so-called global ‘urban age’. We use images taken in the city of Toronto to interpret and visually explain some of Brenner’s key concepts and arguments. In our critical assessment, …
Who Stays Physically Active during Covid-19? Inequality and Exercise Patterns in the United States
Exercising is crucial to keeping up physical and mental health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this visualization, the authors consider how existing social inequalities may create unequal physical exercise patterns during COVID-19 in the United States. Analyzing data from a nationally representative Internet panel of the University of Southern California Center for Economic and Social Research Understanding Coronavirus…
Education and Social Trust in Global Perspective
A large literature has suggested that education leads to higher trust. In this article, I argue that how education and trust are associated at the individual level may depend on the level of risk and uncertainty of each institutional setting. Trust involves not only individuals' risk-taking propensity and capability but also their perception of how uncertain or risky the situation they are in. I test this micro-macro interactive approach by analy…
Experiences matter
The US has experienced a substantial decline in social trust in recent decades. Surprisingly few studies analyze whether individual-level explanations can account for this decrease. We use three-wave panel data from the General Social Survey (2006-2014) to study the effects of four possible individual-level sources of changes in social trust: job loss, social ties, income, and confidence in political institutions. Findings from fixed-effects line…
How Stable is Generalized Trust? Internal Migration and the Stability of Trust Among Canadians
The gender peak effect
In this article, we describe a gender peak effect that women's relative share in COVID-19 infections increases when there is a sharp increase in cases, and it reaches the highest level during peak times in each wave of the COVID-19 outbreak. We demonstrate this gender peak effect by analyzing detailed, sex-disaggregated Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) data. The data include 1,045,998 men and women who were confirmed cases of COVID-19 from M…
Sociology (39 works) · Political science (36 works) · Psychology (31 works) · Economics (24 works) · Social Psychology (22 works) · Law (19 works) · Politics (18 works) · Medicine (17 works) · Demographic economics (16 works) · Law (15 works)